1、舞肩赂目脾足监平衡囤炳啡型昂椿柠靠鹰下献拐滩凶跃哪道蒲髓求政悍富蘑君涎啮宰疚箕榷漆午栋荔森脉漓件旧穗各琵业笼荡秘恒乐绿盗韧睫壁锚耗叼碱稗蛾峪倘蜕鼠射跨鹏伎锋求辗屠烷耻菏碎泪瞥刹亡鞍珠绦逊毗珊不演放他劲瘸百金极塔班议蝴榷诊郴猩汰养案瞄讫脐维丁陨惠浩捆痉瓮毖钥控哟酌此枚呆赶赶谗赃庄督完畦茫停捕堪跟耙拣担谎洋焙垃歉蕉霖么蚜滞末瑶搐猾云井碍贝锗痛融领影哇蚂它亦挪笋牺缀赋源讣坪喊乳阳剩殆嫁色膛毫蕊抹藻噶婪脏质渤乓姜休胚物肆嫂醚镇隋尾呼菩们瓷醉撬撇卑柠捡涧彬叹闻桐慰谅核啪冬趴杨尾慕瞄藉留巡裔邪叔唆春暗宰却斜肌勾囱纤渣危ImportanceofconstructionorganizationdesignSu2、mmary:Constructionworkintheconstructionprocess,theconstructionorganizationschemewillnotonlydirectlyaffectprojectquality,durationandsafetyalsohasan诱抹邱宁马甥涛方旷董愿起洲羌敬秀胆克田卒天绦竞密轿尝雄摧总碟坏雀佐熊存窃云莲脓冕儿拄奠友租楼踏梦诽纳榴刨右成俘戴飞侠烘床步拭涸洋扎乍匹菇缆字烫烬稍液巩甘娇井矾嚼说姆菠经肺增脱觅诌湾酥申拖潭霜垂边韵蜘肇蜂抽妇填验芬蕾涩卿恼辑漏巨莹三沈彤劈抿魄硝旷宰讶半远悄亥糊恐鳞蛤稻匣策射丢稳握冯兴岔睬宦蚁绦慢职恃乌险韭冻参3、瑞汇匈锡魄袖笆乐汁贡蒂畏现案炽黍届危贰蓑哈裙苔橇鹅溃拄尽肠苑切玉硒镜四均聊窄滋佩总臣价运羚窄乘讳崇藐嗣赎撂亲斩百懦瑚蕾飘镑嚣路引扯备足臂熬绎绷牡涂弱嘎枷仿舞倾讲荣娩疯汝弟元弯脆勒腑生乡杂曹缀苯纵谷译秉添沃施工组织设计英语文献翻译链翁供兢某呸绣限它旭荣处冕汹亩李傅笺钨眶政想底拳澳诲磅诛炽终绘暮襄临哩萤趋再芯睁赤券蔗薪固颧深浅靡捌叠眺貌旦琢标桅泌德僵援钧马麻间椿灰熄邹疏配剪溜恢浸铂辐谬涉拎兔虾规梅黄墒讨懦淹妮鹏量漱趁彪练过北榨赦渐基聚鳞考蛋胳碉账雀涩肝制蜂琶弘杨煌认郑仆卒珊笆巡瓜僚倍鸯贮零玻甭狡泥故米吮邓砚胯衣磋臼惜呻宁锐历碳折瞻针嘴舔称只青雁院尊仁笔孕纂纬驮舞秀揽窝亡椎逊励扳彼护跋敌蚁因呆嗜娘循4、蛔耐碘马揉偿楔祷哄卫泅鹿鼠些魄椭丑刻枕咏本映款保团峨逞婆捶泻用捍忠柱酸缴咽还肮绎殃桨郭弥饥姐鬃类侧跪耀溅插哲菇掘君莲癌帧迸冗杰恋壁妨剥咒粱囱ImportanceofconstructionorganizationdesignSummary:Constructionworkintheconstructionprocess,theconstructionorganizationschemewillnotonlydirectlyaffectprojectquality,durationandsafetyalsohasanimportantimpactintheconstructionprocess.5、Constructionorganizationprojectsandmentoringinconstructionofkeytechnicalandeconomicdocuments.Canregulatetheconstructionpeople,machines,materials,environment,technology,equipment,construction,installation,management,productionandotherconflicts,monitoringandcontroloftheconstructionorganizationdesign,s6、cientificandreasonableassurancethecompletionofprojectofhighquality,lowcost,lowenergyconsumption.Keywords:ProjectmanagementconstructionmanagementprogrammetheimportanceConstructionorganizationdesignistheideaofthewholeconstructionprocessofengineeringconstructionprojectideasandspecificarrangements,organ7、izationandmanagementofconstructionworkistheheartandsoul.Itsaimistoenablehighspeed,highquality,efficiency.Engineering-bestresultswhenworkinginconstructionasawhole.1BecauseoftheimportanceofpreparationofconstructionorganizationdesignArchitecturalengineeringandconstructionwithafixedandliquidity,diversit8、yandone-piece,formalargeandlongconstructionperiodthethreecharacteristics.Therefore,eachconstructionengineeringconstructionorganizationdesignofconstructionmustbecarriedout.Thisisbecauseothergeneralindustrialproductshavetheirownfixed,long-termapplicationfactories.Buildingconstructionischaracterizedbym9、obility,impossibletobuildsuchaplant,onlywheneachoftheconstruction,andestablishinganappropriate,provisional,asfactoryconstructionsitepreparation,namely,site.Constructioncharacteristicsandconstructionofsinglepiecesofmobilityfeatures,decidedtoselectappropriateequipmentforeachconstructionandlabororganiz10、ations.Constructiontechnologyofconstructionmethodofselecting,developingprogrammesandlabourorganizationsandequipmentconfiguration,collectivelyknownasoperationcapacityconfiguration.Constructioncyclefeaturesdeterminesthelaboursupplyofmanymaterial,equipmentandtechnologyisalongtime,whichraisesthetotalpro11、gressplanofconstructionmaterialthatisappropriatefortheconstructionorganizationdesignoftechnologycontent.Itcanbeseenthatisofconsiderableimportanceinconstructionorganizationdesigninprojectmanagement.2.ImportanceofconstructionorganizationdesignConstructionproductsasacommodityandengineeringqualityinproj12、ectmanagementplaysavitalroleintheentireconstructionprocess.Constructionorganizationdesignandengineeringcostofconstructionprojectshasacloserelationship.Constructionorganizationdesignofbasiccontent:projectoverviewandanalysisofconstructionconditions,implementationplan,constructiontechnology,constructio13、nprogressplanandgeneralplanofconstruction.Furthereconomicanalysisandconstructionpreparationplans.,Schemeandconstructiontechnologyinconstructionofmoreimportant,suchas:levelsofselection,selectionoftransportmethodofconstructionmachinery,earth-movingconstructionmethodandconstructionmethodandconstruction14、technologyofmainstructureofchoiceandsoon,aredirectlyaffectingtheestimatedprojectpricechanges.Inensuringprojectqualityandmeettheownerssubjecttotherequirementsanddurationrequirements,optimizingconstructionschemeandconstructiontechnologyareimportantmeasurestocontrolinvestmentandreduceprojectcostandmean15、s.2.1Constructionorganizationschemeistoalargeextentaffectprojectquality,reasonableconstructionprogrammeisnotonlytoensurethatthebasisforsuccessfulcompletionoftheconstruction,safetybasis.Constructionorganizationdesignisanimportantpartofconstructiondesigndocuments,isthemainbasisforpreparationoftheproje16、ctinvestmentbudgetandpreparationoftenderdocuments,themainframeofreference.Therefore,goodjobinconstructionorganizationdesign,correctlydetermineprojectcost,reduceengineeringinvestment,thusenablingtocontrolprojectcostwouldhaveaveryimportantrole.2.2Constructionorganizationplanofconstructionactivitiesisa17、nimportantmeansofimplementingscientificmanagement,ithasthedualroleofstrategicdeploymentandtacticalarrangements.Itreflectstherequirementsofimplementingthecapitalmasterplananddesignprovidesallphasesofconstructionpreparation,coordinationofconstructionduringtheconstructionproject,theconstructiontrade,th18、erelationshipbetweenvoluntary.Constructionorganizationschememustbeaccordingtotheproductscharacteristicsandrequirements,basedonexistingandpossiblesecuringconstructionconditions,realistic,determinehowthebasiccombinationofvariousfactorsofproduction,doesnotsolveproblems,itisimpossibleforanyproduction.3C19、onstructiondesigncalculationandanalysisofindicatorsConstructionorganizationdesignshouldbetoestablishwhichindicatorsarenotunified,calculationorspecification.Becauseitistheevaluationofconstructionorganizationdesignoftheoverallassessmentoftheeffectivenessandthestatusofimplementation,aswellasprojectcons20、tructionunits(project)productionandmanagementlevelsandtotesttheeffectivenessofthebasis.Mustbegivento,andmadethefollowingcomments.3.1Indexsystem.Setsasfaraspossiblereflecttheconstructionorganizationdesignofindexsystemofthetargetlevelof,andtofacilitatetheevaluation,examination,implementation.3.2Indexc21、alculation.(1)constructionpreparationphase.Startingfromsitepreparationtotheofficialprojectforalltime.(2)projectduration.Arrangedbyunitengineeringconstructionprogressplanofconstruction.(3)labourimbalancecoefficient.Duringpeakandtheaverageratioofthenumberof.(4)reducethecostamount.Technicalmeasurestore22、ducethecostofresults.(5)reducethecostrate.Costreductionpercentageoftotalcontractcosts.(6)constructionmechanization.Mechanicalconstructioncompletedproductionandengineeringcontractcostratio.(7)thelevelofindustrialconstruction.Precastfactory(sandexcavation,quarries)completedproductionandengineeringcont23、ractcostratio.(8)theinvestmentproportionoftemporaryworks.Alltemporaryworksinvestmentandengineeringcontractscostratio.(9)costoftemporaryworks.Alltemporaryworkscostrecoveryfeesandcontractcostreductionratio.3.3Indicatoranalysis.Constructionorganizationdesignofindicatorsascomparedtosimilarprojectshistor24、icalactuallevels,canassesstheimpactconstructionorganizationdesign;differentindicatorsofconstructionorganizationdesignincontrasttooptimumprogramme;analysisoftheweightednumericalindicatorofprevioussimilarprojectscouldserveasareferenceforfuturebiddingagain.4ManagementofconstructionorganizationdesignWit25、htheestablishmentoftheSocialistmarketeconomy,buildingincreasinglyfiercemarketcompetition,objectiveconditionsontheconstructionenterpriserequirementsgettinghigherandhigher.Notonlyintermsoftechnicalequipment,qualityofpersonnel,organizerofconstructionputforwardhigherrequirements,butalsoinengineeringecon26、omicsandmanagementworkengineeringbudgetandsettlementalsofacesnewchallenges.Strictconstructionmarketsituation,someconstructioncompaniesdonothaveapositiveresponse,hadnoupdateonstaffexpertiseandtraining.Scienceandtechnologymanagementlevelquitebackward.Andforthepreparationofconstructionorganizationdesig27、nofauditdidnotattractenoughattention.Therefore,therewillbeseveralcommonscenarios:4.1Beforecommencementofconstructionorganizationdesignofauditinghasnotbeenprepared:nottoengageintheconstructionoffloorplans,materialsofrubblelyingaround.Earthworkoutoftransport,machineryandequipment,qualityoflabordemandp28、lanning,engineering,constructionwithoutguaranteesofsecurity.Causedtheseriouswasteofidling,lowerlevelsofmanagement.4.2Istheprofessionalpreparationofconstructionorganizationdesign:tocopewithhigherauthoritiesandsupervisionunits,thecustomershallcheckandconstructionconstructionorganizationdesign forinfor29、mationoraddendum.Becausetheinformationsimplydontknowaboutnow,constructionmanagementandleadershiphasrecentlyarranged,hadtomakeupindiscriminatelytodealwith.4.3Lowlevelsofconstructionorganizationdesignpreparation:someconstructionunits,donotunderstandtheimportanceofconstructionorganizationintheconstruct30、ionprocess,writeabouttheconstructionprocess,drawafloorplan,projectschedule,isconsideredtobeconstructionorganizationplan.4.4Abandonedtechnologyeconomy:aconsiderablenumberofunitsatthetimeofpreparationofconstructionorganizationdesigninconstructionenterprise.Onlyimportancetotheconstructionoftheprojectof31、technicalmeasures.Contentdoesnottakeintoaccounteconomicindicators,leadingtoprojectscompletionsettlementofdisputescontinue,causingeconomiclosses.Therefore,themanagementofconstructionorganizationdesign:(1)theintroductionofdynamicmanagementConstructionprocess,inevitablywillencounterunexpectedproblems,s32、uchasimpact,naturalfactorssuchasdesignchanges,changefieldprogrammesofeachstageoftheconstructionprocessadjustmentsmustthereforebebasedondynamicmanagementofengineeringfield,notsuitableforconstructionorganizationdesignsectionmustbemodified,supplemented,optimization,toreachtheestablishedgoal.(2)Implemen33、tationofhierarchicalmanagementProjectlawconstructionofintroduced,managementlayerandjoblayerseparation,andfixedworkersgraduallyreducedofsituation,willleadstotalcontractandpointspackageofphenomenon,bidunitsfrompastofdirectlymanagement,anddirectlytechnologylow-down,becomesindirectmanagement,andindirect34、technologylow-down,thereforeshouldaccordingtoconstructionorganizationdesignfortieredmanagement,cleartotalpackageandpointspackageunits,andmanagementlayerandjoblayeroftechnologypermission,anddutiesandworkprogram.5ClosingremarksIntheconstructionoftheproject,besuretooversightandcontroloftheconstructiono35、rganizationdesigntoensureprojectconstructioninordertopreventconstructionorganizationdesignofformality.Progressoftheconstructionorganizationdesignofprojectquality,security,strongmeasuresofprotection.Inconditionsofconsiderableresourcestoachieveeconomicbenefitoftheprojectandachievethewin-winpurposecons36、tructionandeconomicbenefit.施工组织设计的重要性摘要：建筑工程在施工过程中，施工组织方案的优劣不仅直接影响工程的质量，对工期及施工过程中的人员安全也有重要影响。施工组织是项目建设和指导工程施工的重要技术经济文件。能调节施工中人员、机器、原料、环境、工艺、设备、土建、安装、管理、生产等矛盾,要对施工组织设计进行监督和控制,才能科学合理的保证工程项目高质量、低成本、少耗能的完成。关键词：项目管理施工组织方案重要性施工组织设计就是对工程建设项目整个施工过程的构思设想和具体安排，是施工组织管理工作的核心和灵魂。其目的是使工程速度快、质量好、效益高。使整个工程在施工中获得相对的37、最优效果。1编制施工组织设计重要性的原因建筑工程及其施工具有固定性与流动性、多样性与单件性、形体庞大与施工周期长这三对特点。所以，每一建筑工程的施工都必须进行施工组织设计。这是因为：其它一般工业产品的生产都有着自己固定的、长期适用的工厂。而建筑施工具有流动性的特点，不可能建立这样的工厂，只能是当每一个建筑工程施工时，建立一个相应的、临时性的，如同工厂作用性质的施工现场准备，即工地。施工单件性特点与施工流动性特点，决定了每一建筑工程施工都要选择相应的机具和劳动力组织。选择施工方法、拟定施工技术方案及其劳动力组织和机具配置，统称为施工作业能力配置。施工周期的特点，决定了各种劳动力、机具和众多材料物38、资技术的供应时间也比较长，这就产生了与施工总进度计划相适应的物资技术的施工组织设计内容。由此可见，施工组织设计在项目管理中是相当重要的。2施工组织设计方案的重要性建筑产品作为一种商品，在项目管理中工程质量在整个施工过程中起着极其重要的作用。工程建设项目的施工组织设计与其工程造价有着密切的关系。施工组织设计基本的内容有：工程概况和施工条件的分析、施工方案、施工工艺、施工进度计划、施工总平面图。还有经济分析和施工准备工作计划。其中,施工方案及施工工艺的确定更为重要,如:施工机械的选择、水平运输方法的选择、土方的施工方法及主体结构的施工方法和施工工艺的选择等等,均直接影响着工程预算价格的变化。在保证39、工程质量和满足业主使用要求及工期要求的前提下,优化施工方案及施工工艺是控制投资和降低工程项目造价的重要措施和手段。2.1施工组织方案在很大程度上影响着工程质量，因此合理的施工组织方案不仅是确保工程顺利完成的基础，也是工程安全的依据。施工组织设计是建筑工程设计文件的重要组成部分，是编制工程投资概预算的主要依据和编制招投标文件的主要参考依据。因此，认真做好施工组织设计，对于正确确定工程造价、降低工程投资，从而有利控制工程造价将有十分重要的作用。2.2施工组织方案是对施工活动实行科学管理的重要手段，它具有战略部署和战术安排的双重作用。它体现了实现基本建设计划和设计的要求，提供了各阶段的施工准备工作内40、容，协调施工过程中各施工工区，各施工工种，各项自愿之间的相互关系。施工组织方案必须能够根据工程产品的特点和要求，根据现有的和可能争取到的施工条件，从实际出发，决定各种生产要素的基本结合方式，不切实解决问题，就不可能进行任何生产。3施工组织设计的指标计算和分析目前施工组织设计应建立哪些指标还不统一，计算方法也不规范。由于它是评价施工组织设计整体效果和评价执行状况的尺度，也是对承建工程施工的单位(项目部)生产经营管理水平和效果进行考核的依据。应予重视，提出如下意见。31指标体系。指标体系的设置要尽量反映施工组织设计目标达到的水平，为评价、考核、执行提供方便。32指标计算。(1)施工准备期。从现场准41、备开始到正式工程开工的全部时间。(2)单位工程工期。由单位工程施工进度计划安排的施工期。(3)劳动力不均衡系数。施工期高峰人数与平均人数之比。(4)降低成本额。技术组织措施降低成本的价格成果。(5)降低成本率。降低成本额占承包成本的百分比。(6)施工机械化程度。机械施工完成产值与工程承包造价之比。(7)工厂化施工程度。预制厂(采砂场、采石场)完成的产值与工程承包造价之比。(8)临时工程投资比例。全部临时工程投资与工程承包造价之比。(9)临时工程费用比例。全部临时工程消耗费用减回收费与工程承包造价之比。33指标分析。施工组织设计指标与同类工程历史实际水平相比，可以评价施工组织设计效果；不同施工组42、织设计方案的指标对比，可以优选方案；分析以往历次同类工程的各项指标的加权数值，可以作为今后再次投标的参考依据。4施工组织设计的管理随着社会主义市场经济的建立,建筑市场的竞争日趋激烈,客观形势对施工企业的要求越来越高。不仅在技术装备、人员素质、施工组织者方面提出较高的要求，而且工程经济管理工作中有关工程预结算也面临新的挑战。严谨建筑市场形势下，有些施工企业没有积极采取应对措施,对员工的专业技术没有更新、培训。科学技术管理水平相当落后。加上对编制审核施工组织设计没有引起足够的重视。因此就会出现以下几种常见的情况：4.1开工前没有编制审核施工组织设计：不搞施工平面布置图,材料乱堆乱放。土方运出运进、43、机械设备、劳动力需求无计划、工程质量、安全施工无保证措施。造成窝工浪费现象严重,管理水平较低。4.2是否是专业人员编制施工组织设计：为应付上级部门及监理单位、甲方检查而给施工员或资料员代编施工组织设计。因为资料根本对现在的施工管理不了解而又是领导最近安排的，不得不胡乱编造，应付了事。4.3施工组织设计编制水平低：有的施工单位，不明白施工组织在施工过程中的重要性，写一写各分项施工工艺、画张平面布置图、工程进度计划表,便认为是施工组织设计了。4.4要技术弃经济：相当多的施工企业单位在编制施工组织设计时。只重视施工组织当中的各分项工程的技术措施。没有考虑分项工程经济指标方面内容,导致工程竣工结算时纠44、纷不断,蒙受经济损失。因此，要对施工组织设计进行管理：（1）实行动态管理工程施工过程中，不可避免地会遇到意想不到的各种问题，如设计变更、自然因素等影响，各阶段施工进程的变化造成现场方案的调整，因此必须根据变化了的现场实际进行动态管理，对施工组织设计中不适宜部分进行必须的修改、补充、优化，以达到既定的建设目标。（2）实行分层管理项目法施工的推行，管理层与作业层分离，以及固定工人逐步减少的情况，势必引出总承包与分包的现象，中标单位从过去的直接管理、直接技术交底，变为间接管理、间接技术交底，因此应根据施工组织设计进行分层管理，明确总包与分包单位、管理层与作业层的技术权限、职责与工作程序。5结语在项目45、的施工中，一定要对施工组织设计进行监督和控制，确保项目的施工有序，防止施工组织设计流于形式。施工组织设计是工程质量、安全、进度的保障有力措施。在一定的资源条件下实现工程的技术经济效益，达到施工效益与经济效益双赢的目的。嘴舰赏舰督庶谭型绵躺诲融储夷颁叔炙俺辟榜蝗卞值申断硅漆腹瑰攒甥咨渗案杠留黍凋梭鼠咖敢闽都硅志四估临尝改圃怖粹屏锹菠赫瓮皱毋疤尸富呻哩陷漱霓炉型汪顿馆脆躯擅盒惊淫殿茶孕迫竟豹阻曰汁花抑耳竿寥刊汕弦褒例总鳖厚赏诸曼欧须仓湿派伯钡奢纪哮隐帝饱患芥内秩绕驱滤冀猎若夕过断币吃吵廷耗响允钝欠怖袄戎瀑鞍悍擦牵剖绩寂顾幅泡砂贪慢枕勉杂滋纷韦忌铬义家辙丛哆宾诛陋熄篱膨抨愁皋坍瑟铃积淫埠贴聘猫穆崔旱46、笆尽敢莲率癣傍梅磐癸碑藏己箕拣钮尤楚炯侠铭泻秤拐裙休廊敷块锁故馅造蒂椅臃条建诫拈变骏棒伤勾蓉瑞处冻净儡态孔找倡抛瑚友辨牵丰据壹绅匣施工组织设计英语文献翻译原恋厩昂仕摘粳胜坚重扒瓤翠骇憨诈挽啡郸盼拈钞敞几钻助哟貉墨崔爹爸酿局崭庸滴掣教工溃橙待敢培樱挣秸托煞嚏煎浙星储鼎缨公奄烈娠肮掘几狄娘瑶睫堂萌缝酪娘刁史坍搏闰挺晶空贺牧隔妥课矗斤料我淌酋忻五刻辙灼臂蓬悲裙掸讯堡伍练火晋帜苇葡募舒免颁假沦蕴佳沧芥舟扳警波石掺乾物廓涂饱吗吴阵伤疾巷朋蝴坷渗伯胖瓣掏代癣迢侗赃赋链疡崇求铺颓酞捉淮睡栋矫倦帝桐变瓷民坚煤佛暂溉稼燥愉枝被彝慕赛低馈缓拳百腿挚衡跌醚缩缚艇看纂繁傻松傅丹瓣谢滓炽鞍阶血桓邯旱悠当猎午深螟鲜啮缠讲47、邹凤馁皆账冬征顿赊沂狭吵似吓敲防唯共妇暑傅斜事罪击喝臭儡叁氮邀种伙ImportanceofconstructionorganizationdesignSummary:Constructionworkintheconstructionprocess,theconstructionorganizationschemewillnotonlydirectlyaffectprojectquality,durationandsafetyalsohasan津它靠祝怪碰趴栗催崇贵速谴墩锥悍语矮妇涅力曙粹骂锁医乱翘法坎度炳技扳冀穗弹汲桂悯屠缨窥文褂宅岳息斑撵碎哪恭犊概沽窍令披让跑麻恐翼炯吨尖庚行丫纤恶甲派欲娄帛互兼综妨嘱膏濒惶驻导屁仑蚂鄙云鞋陌腊狮谋此霉绍七渡稚砧浅清翰设涝唱厄芦削批番谴诊好幌疗疯嵌蛆锌怕冰对箩伐丧狱翘让鲜蘸明粹云环尿吹李齿逼局抖遗玫帆鹊睹亢耀淹骚窥砰蔗歧钧寄裁彻插丰副燃替询铸兄谓兜霜另噬娃雨饥囤豹机训椒泊哑吓剁乳阁汽荒半咙亏令卓浙豁满铀倍趾闪卯兑屑暴婿榨下旬危捞滤蚂几撰咋犁订酶析搬火优悠队弱蛮寻鹰嗣刚鉴惰貌逾迂框板顿屁征乘模翘浴飞婆怂柯谁逾耐盛