1、安全技术经济分析及评价,职业安全卫生费用模型Occupational Safety and Health Expense Model,Expense,Safety level,全部费用被扭曲的费用模型Total-expense-distortion Expense Model,Expense,Safety level,安全-效益曲线 Safety-benefit Curve,Efficiency,Safety Status,Accident Frequencies,Safety Investment,Safety investment,Time T,Diagram 1,Diagram 2,Di2、agram 3,安全投资内容 Safety Investment Content,(一)企业建设阶段的安全投入 Safety Investment at the Enterprise Construction Stage(二)企业运营期间的安全投入 Safety Investment in the Enterprise Operations Period,(一)企业建设阶段的安全投入Safety Investment at the Enterprise Construction Stage,1.对生产要素进行的安全投入。企业在投产之前的生产计划阶段,安全投资涉及到人员、机具、物料、方法、环境各3、个生产要素。1.Safety investment in factors of production.In the production planning phase before operation,safety investment involves various factors of production,such as personnel,machine tools,materials,method and environment.,(一)企业建设阶段的安全投入Safety Investment in the Enterprise Construction Phase,2.对可能发生4、的事故投入的预防费用。在生产计划阶段,为防止在一些预料之中的事故中如生产故障使设备停止运转,或进行有危险性的修理作业时发生人身伤害,企业需要配备复杂且价格昂贵的控制系统、储存备件、配备个体防护设施等等;遇到事故和紧急状态,要制定应急计划、添置应急设备。2.Preventive expenses invested in contingent accidents.At the production planning stage,to prevent some expected accidents that production difficulty shuts the equipment down5、,enterprises need to be equipped with complex and expensive control system,storage of spare parts,individual protective facilities,etc.;Facing accidents and emergency,enterprises shall formulate contingency and replenish emergency equipment.,(一)企业建设阶段的安全投入Safety Investment at the Enterprise Construc6、tion Stage,3.对环境保护和公共安全的投入。法律规定企业不能破坏周边社区的环境和公共安全,企业对有害废物、振动、噪声等危害进行控制,而且在投产有责任之前就应当采取措施,这必然会导致前期投入成本增加。3.Investment in environmental protection and public Safety.The law stipulates that the company cant destroy environment and public safety of Communities,but bears the responsibility to control har7、ms,such as hazardous waste,vibration,Noise.Furthermore,it shall take measures before responsible operation,which Will inevitably lead to the increase of prophase investment costs.,(二)企业运营期间的安全投入Safety Investment in the Enterprise Operations Period,企业运营期间的安全投入包括固定费用、变动费用和特殊费用。Safety investment in the8、 enterprise operations period includes fixed expense,variable expense and special expense.1.固定费用。固定费用主要是计划内的企业日常职业安全卫生管理活动所发生的费用,体现在有关部门如安全管理部门、医疗部门、防火部门、培训部门、人事部门、劳资或福利部门及车间等进行的职业安全卫生管理活动上,包括:1.Fixed expense.fixed expense is mainly the expense arisen from companys occupational safety and health man9、agement activities within plans and is embodied in occupational safety and health management activities of relevant departments,such as,safety management department,medical department,fire protection department,training department,personnel department and Labor or welfare department and workshop,etc10、.It includes,(二)企业运营期间的安全投入Safety Investment in the Enterprise Operations Period,(1)对硬件厂房、设备、物料、个体防护设施等的管理费用和预防措施费用,包括付给外部顾问或审计人员的费用;(2)企业内职业安全卫生活动使企业管理者和有关工作人员(领导者、监督人、安全、医疗、防火、培训、人事等部门人员,文书、记录、统计人员、工会代表等)花费的时间费用,即企业付给这些人员的工作报酬。(1)Management fees and prevention costs of hardware-plants,equipment,ma11、terials,Individual protective facilities,together with fees paid to external consultants or auditors;(2)Time cost made by enterprise managers and relevant officers(leaders,supervisors,staff of safety,health,fire prevention,training,personnel department,clerk,recorder,Statistical,steward,etc.)for occ12、upational safety and health activities within enterprises.That is,salary allowance paid to these staff by enterprises.,(二)企业运营期间的安全投入Safety Investment in the Enterprise Operations period,2.变动费用。变动的预防费用主要是计划外的预防措施费用和安全活动(宣传、检查、调查、训练、研究、报告等)费用。2.Variable expense.Variable preventive cost mainly is,unsc13、heduled prevention costs and expenses of safety activities(propaganda,inspection,investigation,training,research,report,etc.).,(二)企业运营期间的安全投入Safety investment in the companys operations period,3.特殊费用。针对在设计阶段(设计生产程序,设计或购买机器等)未曾予以考虑的危险,需要在固定的正常预防费用之外,增加特殊的预防费用,包括:(1)更新设备、设置新工序的费用;(2)对原设备改进防护装置的费用。3.Sp14、ecial expense,refers to unconsidered hazards in the design stage(design production procedure,design or purchasing machines,etc.),and needs to increase special preventive costs,beyond fixed normal preventive costs.It includes,(1)expenses to upgrade new equipment,set new process;(2)expenses to improve15、 safe guard on original equipment.,事故经济损失分析Analysis on the accidental economic loss,health care卫生保健,sickness absence因病缺勤,early retirement提前退休,Financial and socio-economic costs of(work-related)illness-Denmark,Deaths死亡,Productivity生产率,equipment damages设备的损害,employer,worker,public,insurance,grief and 16、suffering,Expense,Safety Level,Perceived and Real Accident Expense Model(Brody，1999),事故费用的构成 Constitute of Accident Expenses,事故费用的构成 Constitute of Accident Expenses,Accident Expenses,Insurance Expenses,Non-insurance Expenses,Fixed Insurance Expenses,Variable Insurance Expenses,Medical,Subsidy and Ot17、her Expenses Paid by Enterprises,Non-productive Salary,Property Loss Expenses,Production Loss Expenses,Other Loss Expenses,Intangible Loss,国外事故经济损失的类型Type of Economic Loss of Overseas Accidents,直接经济损失:由保险公司支付的费用为直接经济损失Direct economic loss:expenses paid by insurance companies.间接经济损失:其他由企业承担的经济损失为间接经济18、损失。Indirect economic loss:other economic losses borne by enterprises.,我国事故经济损失的类型Type of Economic Loss of Chinese Accidents,直接经济损失:因事故造成人身伤亡及善后处理所支出的费用,以及被毁坏的财产的价值。Direct economic loss:expenses paid for personal Injuries and ability in aftercare arisen from accidents.间接经济损失:因事故导致的产值减少、资源的破坏和受事故影响而造成19、的其它损失。Indirect economic loss:output decrease arisen from accidents,resources destruction and other losses caused and affected by accidents.企业职工伤亡事故经济损失统计标准Statistical standard of economic loss in casualty accidents of enterprise staff and workers,事故费用的计算方法Calculation Methods of Accident Expenses,直间系20、数比值法:Ratio method of direct inter-coefficient 事故总损失=K 直接经济损失 Total accidental loss=K direct economic loss K:直间系数比值 Direct inter-coefficient ratio事故生命损失的计算:Calculation of accidental life loss 生命价值=一生工作年数劳动生产率 Life value=Life-time working years*Labor productivity 生命损失价值=生命损失年数劳动生产率 Life loss value=lif21、e loss years*labor productivity 平均生命损失价值=平均生命损失年数劳动生产率 Average life loss value=Average life loss years*Labor productivity,HEINRICH(1930)Calculate the direct costs and multiply them for a parameter,For the American industry in the 20s the indirect costs were 4 times higher than the direct costs.,The 22、total cost of the accidents would be calculated:,F.Bird,Economic analysis methods经济分析方法,Cost of Illness(C-O-I):疾病成本核算Cost-Benefit Analysis(CBA):成本效益分析 Cost-Effectiveness(C/E):成本效率,安全投资与安全度的关系 Relationships between Safety Investment and Safety Degree,Safety Investment,Safety Degree,成本效益分析 Cost-benefi23、t Analysis,安全经济效益E=安全产出量B/安全投入量C;Safety cost effectiveness E=Safety output B/Safety input C;安全经济效益E=安全产出量B一安全投入量C。Safety cost effectiveness E=Safety output B-Safety input C;安全产出B=减损产出B1+增值产出 B Safety output B=Depreciation output B1+Appreciation output B安全的减损产出B1=损失减少增量=安全措施前损失一安全措施后损失 Safety depreci24、ation output B1=Decreased loss increment=pre-loss of safety measures-post-loss of safety measures,成本效益分析 Cost-benefit Analysis,损失项目包括伤亡损失职业病损失事故的财产损失危害事件的经济消耗损失 Loss project includes casualty loss Loss of occupational diseasesproperty loss of accidents economic consumption loss of hazardous occurren25、ces 增值产出项目包括通过创造良好的工作条件,提高劳动生产率,从而增加产值与利税,通过安全、舒适的劳动和生存环境,满足人们的安全需求实现良好的社会环境,从而创造社会效益.Appreciation output project includes improving labor productivity to increase output,taxes and profits,by establishing favorable work conditions,satisfying peoples safety needs and realizing favorable society environment,hence to create social effects,through safe,comfortable labor and living environment.,Techniques of economic analysis,28,谢谢!THANKS!,