1、but very clearly as well. The porter, however, could not understand me; I repeated my question several times and at last he understood. He answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. I am a foreigner, I said. Then he spoke slowly, but I could not understand him. My teacher never spoke Engl2、ish like that! The porter and I looked at each other and smiled. Then he said something and I understood it. Youll soon learn English! he said. I wonder. In England, each man speaks a different language. The English understand each other, but I dont understand them ! Do they speak English ?lesson26 3、The best art critics 最佳美术评论家I am an art student and I paint a lot of pictures. Many people pretend that they understand modern art. They always tell you what a picture is about. Of course, many pictures arc not about anything. They are just pretty patterns. We like them in the same way that we like 4、pretty curtain material. I think that young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else. They notice more. My sister is only seven, but she always tells me whether my pictures are good or not. She came into my room yesterday. What are you doing ? she asked. Im hanging this pict5、ure on the wall, I answered. Its a new one. Do you like it ? She looked at it critically for a moment. Its all right, she said, but isnt it upside-down ? I looked at it again. She was right! It was!Lesson27 A wet night 雨夜Late in the afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field. As 6、soon as this was done, they cooked a meal over an open fire. They were all hungry and the food smelt good. After a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the camp fire. But some time later it began to rain. The boys felt tired so they pet out the fire and crept into their tent. Their sl7、eeping-bags were warm and comfortable, so they all slept soundly. In the middle of the night, two boys woke up and began shouting. The tent was full of water! They all leapt out of their sleeping-bags and hurried outside. It was raining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field. T8、he stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent!Lesson28 No parking 禁止停车Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with motorists. when he returns h9、ome at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. Jasper has put up No Parking signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. I10、t is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. Jasper hopes that she will turn motorists to stone. But none of them has been turned to stone yet!Lesson29 Taxi! 出租汽车！Captain Ben Fawcett has bought an unusual taxi and has begun a 11、new service. The taxi is a small Swiss aeroplane called a Pilatus Porter. This wonderful plane can carry seven passengers. The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere: on snow, water, or even on a ploughed field. Captain Fawcetts first passenger was a doctor who flew fr12、om Birmingham to a lonely village in the Welsh mountains. Since then, Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places. Once he landed on the roof of a block of flats and on another occasion, he landed in a deserted car park. Captain Fawcett has just refused a strange request from a busin13、essman. The man wanted to fly to Rockall, a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean, but Captain Fawcett did not take him because the trip was too dangerous.Lesson30 Football or polo? 足球还是水球？The Wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my home. I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons14、. It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual. Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards a passing boat. Some people on the bank called out to the ma15、n in the boat, but he did not hear them. The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water. I turned to look at the children, but there werent any in sight: they had all run away! The man laughed when he realized what had happened. He called out to the children and threw the ball back t16、o the bank. Lesson31 Success story 成功者的故事Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man. Frank is now the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. It was his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fou17、rteen hours a day. He saved money for years and in 1938 he bought a small work-shop of his own. During the war Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes. At that time he had two helpers. By the end of the war, the small work-shop had become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty18、-eight people. Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. She wanted him to repair their sons bicycle! Lesson32 Shopping made easy 购物变得很方便People are not so honest as they once were. The temptation19、 to steal is greater than ever before-especially in large shops. A detective recently watched a well-dressed woman who always went into a large store on Monday mornings. One Monday, there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman came in, so it was easier for the detective to watch her20、. The woman first bought a few small articles. After a little time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible. Then the woman simply took the parcel and walked out of the shop without paying. When she was ar21、rested, the detective found out that the shop-assistant was her daughter. The girl gave her mother a free dress once a week !lesson33 Out of the darkness 冲出黑暗Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat an22、d was caught in a storm. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea. Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. During that time she covered a distance of eight miles. Early next morning, she saw a light ahead. She knew she was near the shor23、e because the light was high up on the cliffs. On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen. That was all she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.Lesson34 Quick work 破案“神速”Ted Robinson has been worried all the week. Last24、 Tuesday he received a letter from the local police. In the letter he was asked to call at the station. Ted wondered why he was wanted by the police, but he went to the station yesterday and now he is not worried any more. At the station, he was told by a smiling policeman that his bicycle had been 25、found. Five days ago, the policeman told him, the bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred miles away. It is now being sent to his home by train. Ted was most surprised when he heard the news. He was amused too, because he never expected the bicycle to be found. It was stolen twenty yea26、rs ago when Ted was a boy of fifteen !Lesson35 Stop thief! 捉贼！Rov Trenton used to drive a taxi. A short while ago, however, he became a bus-driver and he was not regretted it. He is finding his new work far more exciting. When he was driving along Catford Street recently, he saw two thieves rush out27、 of a shop and run towards a waiting car. One of them was carrying a bag full of money. Roy acted quickly and drove the bus straight at the thieves. The one with the money got such a fright that he dropped the bag. As the thieves were trying to get away in their car, Roy drove his bus into the back 28、of it. While the battered car was moving away, Roy stopped his bus and telephoned the police. The thieves car was badly damaged and easy to recognize. Shortly afterwards, the police stopped the car and both men were arrested. Lesson36 Across the Channel 横渡海峡Erna Hart is going to swim across the Engl29、ish Channel tomorrow. She is going to set out from the French coast at five oclock in the morning. Erna is only fourteen years old and she hopes lo set up a new world record. She is a strong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure to succeed. Ernas father will set out with her in a small boat.30、 Mr Hart has trained his daughter for years. Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England. Erna intends to take short rests every two hours. She will have something to drink but she will not eat any solid food. Most of Ernas school friends will be waiting for 31、her on the English coast. Among them will be Ernas mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl.Lesson37 The Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years time. As a great many people will be visiting the country, the government will be building new hot32、els, an immense stadium, and a fine new swimming pool. They will also be building new roads and a special railway-line. The Games will be held just outside the capital and the whole area will be called Olympic City. Workers will have completed the new roads by the end of this year. By the end of nex33、t year, they will have finished work on the new stadium. The fine modern buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter. Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up. We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this34、 country.Lesson38 Everything except the weather 惟独没有考虑到天气My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before he returned to England. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country. He had no sooner returned than he bought a fine ho35、use and went to live there. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold. After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. He acted as if he had never lived in England before. In the end, it36、 was more than he could bear. He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country. The dream he had had for so many years ended there. Harrison had thought of everything except the weather.Lesson39 Am I all right? 我是否痊愈？While John Gilbert was in hospital, he asked his d37、octor to tell him whether his operation had been successful, but the doctor refused to do so. The following day, the patient asked for a bedside telephone. When he was alone, he telephoned the hospital exchange and asked for Doctor Millington. When the doctor answered the phone, Mr Gilbert said he w38、as inquiring about a certain patient, a Mr John Gilbert. He asked if Mr Gilberts operation had been successful and the doctor told him that it had been. He then asked when Mr Gilbert would be allowed to go home and the doctor told him that he would have to stay in hospital for another two weeks. The39、n Dr Millington asked the caller if he was a relative of the patient. No, the patient answered, I am Mr John Gilbert. Lesson40 Food and talk 进餐与交谈Last week at a dinner-party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs Rumbold. Mrs Rumbold was a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress. She did not 40、even look up when I took my seat beside her. Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. I tried to make conversation. A new play is coming to The Globe soon, I said. Will you be seeing it ? No, she answered. Will you be spending your holidays abroad this year ? I aske41、d. No, she answered. Will you be staying in England? I asked. No, she answered. In despair, I asked her whether she was enjoying her dinner. Young man, she answered, if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner ! lesson41 Do you call that a hat? 你把那个叫帽子吗？Do you call that a hat ? I42、 said to my wife. You neednt be so rude about it, my wife answered as she looked at herself in the mirror. I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited. We had been in the hat shop for half an hour and my wife was still in front of the mirror. We mustnt buy things we dont nee43、d, I remarked suddenly. I regretted saying it almost at once.You neednt have said that, my wife answered. I need not remind you of that terrible tie you bought yesterday. I find it beautiful, I said. A man can never have too into the cave hoping to find buried treasure. The leader of the party was e44、xamining the soil near the entrance to the cave when the machine showed that there was gold under the ground. Very excited, the party dug a hole two feet deep. They finally found a small gold coin which was almost worthless. The party then searched the whole cave thoroughly but did not find anything45、 except an empty tin trunk. In spite of this, many people are confident that The Revealer may reveal something of value fairly soon.Lesson56 Faster than sound! 比声音还快！Once a year a race is held for old cars. A lot of cars entered for this race last year and there was a great deal of excitement just b46、efore it began. One of the most handsome cars was a Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost. The most unusual car was a Benz which had only three wheels. Built in 1885, it was the oldest car taking part. After a great many loud explosions, the race began. Many of the cars broke down on the course and some drivers 47、spent more time under their cars than in them ! A few cars, however, completed the race. The winning car reached a speed of forty miles an hour-much faster than any of its rivals. It sped downhill at the end of the race and its driver had a lot of trouble trying to stop it. The race gave everyone a 48、great deal of pleasure. It was very different from modern car races but no less exciting. Lesson57 Can I help you, madam? 你要买什么，夫人？A woman in blue jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop. Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window. T49、he assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. She returned to the shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handb50、ag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. After seeking out the rude assistant she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time with great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to get the dress. As soon as she saw it, the woman said51、 s many ties.And a woman cant have too many hats, she answered.Ten minutes later we walked out of the shop together. My wife was wearing a hat that looked like a lighthouse !Lesson42 Not very musical 并非很懂音乐As we had had a long walk through one of the markets of Old Delhi, we stopped at a square to h52、ave a rest. After a time, we noticed a snake-charmer with two large baskets at the other side of the square, so we went to have a look at him. As soon as he saw us, he picked up a long pipe which was covered with coins and云南国资水泥剑川水泥有限公司2000t/d新型干法水泥生产线技改工程可行性研究报告设计号：0605成都建筑材料工业设计研究院有限公司二六年二月院 长： 焦 53、烽主 管 院 长： 吴 宏主管总工程师： 钟 文 浩工程总设计师： 吴 东 业成都建筑材料工业设计研究院有限公司二00六年二月but very clearly as well. The porter, however, could not understand me; I repeated my question several times and at last he understood. He answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. I am a foreigner, I said. Then he spoke slow54、ly, but I could not understand him. My teacher never spoke English like that! The porter and I looked at each other and smiled. Then he said something and I understood it. Youll soon learn English! he said. I wonder. In England, each man speaks a different language. The English understand each other55、, but I dont understand them ! Do they speak English ?lesson26 The best art critics 最佳美术评论家I am an art student and I paint a lot of pictures. Many people pretend that they understand modern art. They always tell you what a picture is about. Of course, many pictures arc not about anything. They are j56、ust pretty patterns. We like them in the same way that we like pretty curtain material. I think that young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else. They notice more. My sister is only seven, but she always tells me whether my pictures are good or not. She came into my room 57、yesterday. What are you doing ? she asked. Im hanging this picture on the wall, I answered. Its a new one. Do you like it ? She looked at it critically for a moment. Its all right, she said, but isnt it upside-down ? I looked at it again. She was right! It was!Lesson27 A wet night 雨夜Late in the afte58、rnoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field. As soon as this was done, they cooked a meal over an open fire. They were all hungry and the food smelt good. After a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the camp fire. But some time later it began to rain. The boys felt tir59、ed so they pet out the fire and crept into their tent. Their sleeping-bags were warm and comfortable, so they all slept soundly. In the middle of the night, two boys woke up and began shouting. The tent was full of water! They all leapt out of their sleeping-bags and hurried outside. It was raining 60、heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field. The stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent!Lesson28 No parking 禁止停车Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he61、 moved in, he has had trouble with motorists. when he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. Jasper has put up No Parking signs outside his gate, but these have not had62、 any effect. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. Jasper hopes that she will turn motorists to stone. But none of them has been turned to stone yet!Lesson29 Taxi! 出租汽车！63、Captain Ben Fawcett has bought an unusual taxi and has begun a new service. The taxi is a small Swiss aeroplane called a Pilatus Porter. This wonderful plane can carry seven passengers. The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere: on snow, water, or even on a ploughed f64、ield. Captain Fawcetts first passenger was a doctor who flew from Birmingham to a lonely village in the Welsh mountains. Since then, Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places. Once he landed on the roof of a block of flats and on another occasion, he landed in a deserted car park. 65、Captain Fawcett has just refused a strange request from a businessman. The man wanted to fly to Rockall, a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean, but Captain Fawcett did not take him because the trip was too dangerous.Lesson30 Football or polo? 足球还是水球？The Wayle is a small river that cuts across the pa66、rk near my home. I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons. It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual. Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towar67、ds a passing boat. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them. The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water. I turned to look at the children, but there werent any in sight: they had all run away! The man laughed when he realized what had ha68、ppened. He called out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank. Lesson31 Success story 成功者的故事Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man. Frank is now the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. It was 69、his job to repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day. He saved money for years and in 1938 he bought a small work-shop of his own. During the war Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes. At that time he had two helpers. By the end of the war, the small work-shop had70、 become a large factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people. Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. She wanted him to repair their sons bicycle! Lesson32 Shopping made easy 购物71、变得很方便People are not so honest as they once were. The temptation to steal is greater than ever before-especially in large shops. A detective recently watched a well-dressed woman who always went into a large store on Monday mornings. One Monday, there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the72、 woman came in, so it was easier for the detective to watch her. The woman first bought a few small articles. After a little time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible. Then the woman simply took the pa73、rcel and walked out of the shop without paying. When she was arrested, the detective found out that the shop-assistant was her daughter. The girl gave her mother a free dress once a week !lesson33 Out of the darkness 冲出黑暗Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to h74、er. One afternoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea. Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. During that time she covered a distance of eight miles. Early next75、 morning, she saw a light ahead. She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs. On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen. That was all she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.Lesson34 Qu76、ick work 破案“神速”Ted Robinson has been worried all the week. Last Tuesday he received a letter from the local police. In the letter he was asked to call at the station. Ted wondered why he was wanted by the police, but he went to the station yesterday and now he is not worried any more. At the station77、, he was told by a smiling policeman that his bicycle had been found. Five days ago, the policeman told him, the bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred miles away. It is now being sent to his home by train. Ted was most surprised when he heard the news. He was amused too, because he n78、ever expected the bicycle to be found. It was stolen twenty years ago when Ted was a boy of fifteen !Lesson35 Stop thief! 捉贼！Rov Trenton used to drive a taxi. A short while ago, however, he became a bus-driver and he was not regretted it. He is finding his new work far more exciting. When he was dri79、ving along Catford Street recently, he saw two thieves rush out of a shop and run towards a waiting car. One of them was carrying a bag full of money. Roy acted quickly and drove the bus straight at the thieves. The one with the money got such a fright that he dropped the bag. As the thieves were tr80、ying to get away in their car, Roy drove his bus into the back of it. While the battered car was moving away, Roy stopped his bus and telephoned the police. The thieves car was badly damaged and easy to recognize. Shortly afterwards, the police stopped the car and both men were arrested. Lesson36 Ac81、ross the Channel 横渡海峡Erna Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow. She is going to set out from the French coast at five oclock in the morning. Erna is only fourteen years old and she hopes lo set up a new world record. She is a strong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure 82、to succeed. Ernas father will set out with her in a small boat. Mr Hart has trained his daughter for years. Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England. Erna intends to take short rests every two hours. She will have something to drink but she will not eat an83、y solid food. Most of Ernas school friends will be waiting for her on the English coast. Among them will be Ernas mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl.Lesson37 The Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years time. As a great many people will b84、e visiting the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a fine new swimming pool. They will also be building new roads and a special railway-line. The Games will be held just outside the capital and the whole area will be called Olympic City. Workers will have com85、pleted the new roads by the end of this year. By the end of next year, they will have finished work on the new stadium. The fine modern buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter. Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up. We are all very excited and are looking forward to the86、 Olympic Games because they have never been held before in this country.Lesson38 Everything except the weather 惟独没有考虑到天气My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before he returned to England. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in 87、the country. He had no sooner returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold. After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. He a88、cted as if he had never lived in England before. In the end, it was more than he could bear. He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country. The dream he had had for so many years ended there. Harrison had thought of everything except the weather.Lesson39 Am I all 89、right? 我是否痊愈？While John Gilbert was in hospital, he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful, but the doctor refused to do so. The following day, the patient asked for a bedside telephone. When he was alone, he telephoned the hospital exchange and asked for Doctor Milli90、ngton. When the doctor answered the phone, Mr Gilbert said he was inquiring about a certain patient, a Mr John Gilbert. He asked if Mr Gilberts operation had been successful and the doctor told him that it had been. He then asked when Mr Gilbert would be allowed to go home and the doctor told him th91、at he would have to stay in hospital for another two weeks. Then Dr Millington asked the caller if he was a relative of the patient. No, the patient answered, I am Mr John Gilbert. Lesson40 Food and talk 进餐与交谈Last week at a dinner-party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs Rumbold. Mrs Rumbold w92、as a large, unsmiling lady in a tight black dress. She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her. Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. I tried to make conversation. A new play is coming to The Globe soon, I said. Will you be seeing it ? No, she answere93、d. Will you be spending your holidays abroad this year ? I asked. No, she answered. Will you be staying in England? I asked. No, she answered. In despair, I asked her whether she was enjoying her dinner. Young man, she answered, if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner ! lesso94、n41 Do you call that a hat? 你把那个叫帽子吗？Do you call that a hat ? I said to my wife. You neednt be so rude about it, my wife answered as she looked at herself in the mirror. I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited. We had been in the hat shop for half an hour and my wife was95、 still in front of the mirror. We mustnt buy things we dont need, I remarked suddenly. I regretted saying it almost at once.You neednt have said that, my wife answered. I need not remind you of that terrible tie you bought yesterday. I find it beautiful, I said. A man can never have too into the cav96、e hoping to find buried treasure. The leader of the party was examining the soil near the entrance to the cave when the machine showed that there was gold under the ground. Very excited, the party dug a hole two feet deep. They finally found a small gold coin which was almost worthless. The party th97、en searched the whole cave thoroughly but did not find anything except an empty tin trunk. In spite of this, many people are confident that The Revealer may reveal something of value fairly soon.Lesson56 Faster than sound! 比声音还快！Once a year a race is held for old cars. A lot of cars entered for this98、 race last year and there was a great deal of excitement just before it began. One of the most handsome cars was a Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost. The most unusual car was a Benz which had only three wheels. Built in 1885, it was the oldest car taking part. After a great many loud explosions, the race beg99、an. Many of the cars broke down on the course and some drivers spent more time under their cars than in them ! A few cars, however, completed the race. The winning car reached a speed of forty miles an hour-much faster than any of its rivals. It sped downhill at the end of the race and its driver ha100、d a lot of trouble trying to stop it. The race gave everyone a great deal of pleasure. It was very different from modern car races but no less exciting. Lesson57 Can I help you, madam? 你要买什么，夫人？A woman in blue jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop. Though she hesitated for a moment, she fin101、ally went in and asked to see a dress that was in the window. The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. She returned to the102、 shop the following morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. After seeking out the rude assistant she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time with great difficulty, he climbed into the shop103、 window to get the dress. As soon as she saw it, the woman said s many ties.And a woman cant have too many hats, she answered.Ten minutes later we walked out of the shop together. My wife was wearing a hat that looked like a lighthouse !Lesson42 Not very musical 并非很懂音乐As we had had a long walk throu104、gh one of the markets of Old Delhi, we stopped at a square to have a rest. After a time, we noticed a snake-charmer with two large baskets at the other side of the square, so we went to have a look at him. As soon as he saw us, he picked up a long pipe which was covered with coins and参与编制人员专业 编写 审核 105、审定综合 吴东业 钟文浩 吴 宏工艺 黄向东 廖泽君 徐以华总图 田天培 李雅丽 贺顺荣结构 王亚维 邓亚南 蒋敦凤给排水 方 斌 刘其云 印光贞电气 张 炳 周 尊 张 雄自动化 张 炳 周 尊 张 雄概算 吕 欢 韩春娥 宋 立经济 雎菊蓉 黄 平 宋 立环保 党剑飞 黄向东 张 勤暖通 戴力立 方 斌 杨建辉机械 付绍徳 黎 娟 陈泽瑜目 录第一章 总论11.1 项目名称及建设地点1.2 建设单位1.3 编制单位1.4 项目建设的必要性和合理性1.5 编制依据1.6 建设规模及产品品种1.7 研究范围1.8 可研报告编制原则1.9 建设条件1.10 主要技术方案1.11 主要技术经济指标106、1.12 综合评价及结论第二章 水泥市场分析2.1 市场定位2.2 水泥工业现状2.3 市场需求预测2.4 历史机遇2.5 市场分析结论第三章 建设条件3.1 厂址及外部运输条件3.2 石灰石矿山3.3 辅助原料与燃料3.4 电源3.5 水源第四章 技术方案4.1 原料配料4.2 生产工艺4.3 总图运输4.4 电气及生产过程自动化4.5 建筑及结构4.6 给水排水4.7 采暖通风与空调4.8 机修第五章 节约与合理利用能源5.1 能耗指标分析5.2 工艺节能措施5.3 电气节能措施5.4 总体设计第六章 环境保护6.1 设计依据和采用的环境保护标准6.2 主要污染源及污染物6.3 工程设计防107、治污染的方案6.4 环境绿化6.5 环境保护管理机构6.6 环境保护设施投资估算6.7 小结第七章 劳动安全7.1 设计依据和采用的主要技术标准7.2 生产过程中危险、危害因素分析7.3 劳动安全措施7.4 安全设施投资7.5 管理机构7.6 结论第八章 职业卫生8.1 设计依据和采用的主要技术标准8.2 设计标准及规范8.3 生产过程中可能产生的职业病危害因素分析8.4 设计中对各种职业危害因素采取的主要防范措施8.5 职业病危害警示标识8.6 辅助生活卫生用室8.7 职业卫生设施投资8.8 管理机构第九章 消防9.1 设计依据9.2 火灾危险性定类9.3 火灾自动报警系统9.4 消防设计9108、.5 防爆9.6 防雷及防静电第十章 企业组织和劳动定员10.1 组织机构10.2 劳动定员10.3 职工来源及培训计划第十一章 项目建设进度安排设想第十二章 投资估算12.1 编制范围12.2 编制依据12.3 投资构成12.4 投资分布12.5 投资估算第十三章 技术经济分析13.1 评价依据及评价原则13.2 项目建设投资、流动资金及资金筹措13.3 成本和费用13.4 财务评价基础数据13.5 损益分析13.6 盈利能力分析13.7 清偿能力13.8 不确定性分析13.9 财务评价结论附 图 目 录（另册） 附图1. 厂区总平面布置图（方案一） 附图2. 厂区总平面布置图（方案二） 附109、图3. 工艺流程图 附图4. 供电系统图 附图5. 中控室设备及DCS系统配置图 附图6. 给排水系统图but very clearly as well. The porter, however, could not understand me; I repeated my question several times and at last he understood. He answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. I am a foreigner, I said. Then he spoke slowly, but I c110、ould not understand him. My teacher never spoke English like that! The porter and I looked at each other and smiled. Then he said something and I understood it. Youll soon learn English! he said. I wonder. In England, each man speaks a different language. The English understand each other, but I don111、t understand them ! Do they speak English ?lesson26 The best art critics 最佳美术评论家I am an art student and I paint a lot of pictures. Many people pretend that they understand modern art. They always tell you what a picture is about. Of course, many pictures arc not about anything. They are just pretty 112、patterns. We like them in the same way that we like pretty curtain material. I think that young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else. They notice more. My sister is only seven, but she always tells me whether my pictures are good or not. She came into my room yesterday. 113、What are you doing ? she asked. Im hanging this picture on the wall, I answered. Its a new one. Do you like it ? She looked at it critically for a moment. Its all right, she said, but isnt it upside-down ? I looked at it again. She was right! It was!Lesson27 A wet night 雨夜Late in the afternoon, the 114、boys put up their tent in the middle of a field. As soon as this was done, they cooked a meal over an open fire. They were all hungry and the food smelt good. After a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the camp fire. But some time later it began to rain. The boys felt tired so they 115、pet out the fire and crept into their tent. Their sleeping-bags were warm and comfortable, so they all slept soundly. In the middle of the night, two boys woke up and began shouting. The tent was full of water! They all leapt out of their sleeping-bags and hurried outside. It was raining heavily and116、 they found that a stream had formed in the field. The stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent!Lesson28 No parking 禁止停车Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, 117、he has had trouble with motorists. when he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. Jasper has put up No Parking signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect118、. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was and he told me that it was Medusa, the Gorgon. Jasper hopes that she will turn motorists to stone. But none of them has been turned to stone yet!Lesson29 Taxi! 出租汽车！Captain Ben119、 Fawcett has bought an unusual taxi and has begun a new service. The taxi is a small Swiss aeroplane called a Pilatus Porter. This wonderful plane can carry seven passengers. The most surprising thing about it, however, is that it can land anywhere: on snow, water, or even on a ploughed field. Capta120、in Fawcetts first passenger was a doctor who flew from Birmingham to a lonely village in the Welsh mountains. Since then, Captain Fawcett has flown passengers to many unusual places. Once he landed on the roof of a block of flats and on another occasion, he landed in a deserted car park. Captain Faw121、cett has just refused a strange request from a businessman. The man wanted to fly to Rockall, a lonely island in the Atlantic Ocean, but Captain Fawcett did not take him because the trip was too dangerous.Lesson30 Football or polo? 足球还是水球？The Wayle is a small river that cuts across the park near my 122、home. I like sitting by the Wayle on fine afternoons. It was warm last Sunday, so I went and sat on the river bank as usual. Some children were playing games on the bank and there were some people rowing on the river. Suddenly, one of the children kicked a ball very hard and it went towards a passin123、g boat. Some people on the bank called out to the man in the boat, but he did not hear them. The ball struck him so hard that he nearly fell into the water. I turned to look at the children, but there werent any in sight: they had all run away! The man laughed when he realized what had happened. He 124、called out to the children and threw the ball back to the bank. Lesson31 Success story 成功者的故事Yesterday afternoon Frank Hawkins was telling me about his experiences as a young man. Frank is now the head of a very large business company, but as a boy he used to work in a small shop. It was his job to 125、repair bicycles and at that time he used to work fourteen hours a day. He saved money for years and in 1938 he bought a small work-shop of his own. During the war Frank used to make spare parts for aeroplanes. At that time he had two helpers. By the end of the war, the small work-shop had become a l126、arge factory which employed seven hundred and twenty-eight people. Frank smiled when he remembered his hard early years and the long road to success. He was still smiling when the door opened and his wife came in. She wanted him to repair their sons bicycle! Lesson32 Shopping made easy 购物变得很方便People127、 are not so honest as they once were. The temptation to steal is greater than ever before-especially in large shops. A detective recently watched a well-dressed woman who always went into a large store on Monday mornings. One Monday, there were fewer people in the shop than usual when the woman came128、 in, so it was easier for the detective to watch her. The woman first bought a few small articles. After a little time, she chose one of the most expensive dresses in the shop and handed it to an assistant who wrapped it up for her as quickly as possible. Then the woman simply took the parcel and wa129、lked out of the shop without paying. When she was arrested, the detective found out that the shop-assistant was her daughter. The girl gave her mother a free dress once a week !lesson33 Out of the darkness 冲出黑暗Nearly a week passed before the girl was able to explain what had happened to her. One aft130、ernoon she set out from the coast in a small boat and was caught in a storm. Towards evening, the boat struck a rock and the girl jumped into the sea. Then she swam to the shore after spending the whole night in the water. During that time she covered a distance of eight miles. Early next morning, s131、he saw a light ahead. She knew she was near the shore because the light was high up on the cliffs. On arriving at the shore, the girl struggled up the cliff towards the light she had seen. That was all she remembered. When she woke up a day later, she found herself in hospital.Lesson34 Quick work 破案132、“神速”Ted Robinson has been worried all the week. Last Tuesday he received a letter from the local police. In the letter he was asked to call at the station. Ted wondered why he was wanted by the police, but he went to the station yesterday and now he is not worried any more. At the station, he was to133、ld by a smiling policeman that his bicycle had been found. Five days ago, the policeman told him, the bicycle was picked up in a small village four hundred miles away. It is now being sent to his home by train. Ted was most surprised when he heard the news. He was amused too, because he never expect134、ed the bicycle to be found. It was stolen twenty years ago when Ted was a boy of fifteen !Lesson35 Stop thief! 捉贼！Rov Trenton used to drive a taxi. A short while ago, however, he became a bus-driver and he was not regretted it. He is finding his new work far more exciting. When he was driving along 135、Catford Street recently, he saw two thieves rush out of a shop and run towards a waiting car. One of them was carrying a bag full of money. Roy acted quickly and drove the bus straight at the thieves. The one with the money got such a fright that he dropped the bag. As the thieves were trying to get136、 away in their car, Roy drove his bus into the back of it. While the battered car was moving away, Roy stopped his bus and telephoned the police. The thieves car was badly damaged and easy to recognize. Shortly afterwards, the police stopped the car and both men were arrested. Lesson36 Across the Ch137、annel 横渡海峡Erna Hart is going to swim across the English Channel tomorrow. She is going to set out from the French coast at five oclock in the morning. Erna is only fourteen years old and she hopes lo set up a new world record. She is a strong swimmer and many people feel that she is sure to succeed.138、 Ernas father will set out with her in a small boat. Mr Hart has trained his daughter for years. Tomorrow he will be watching her anxiously as she swims the long distance to England. Erna intends to take short rests every two hours. She will have something to drink but she will not eat any solid foo139、d. Most of Ernas school friends will be waiting for her on the English coast. Among them will be Ernas mother, who swam the Channel herself when she was a girl.Lesson37 The Olympic Games 奥林匹克运动会The Olympic Games will be held in our country in four years time. As a great many people will be visiting 140、the country, the government will be building new hotels, an immense stadium, and a fine new swimming pool. They will also be building new roads and a special railway-line. The Games will be held just outside the capital and the whole area will be called Olympic City. Workers will have completed the 141、new roads by the end of this year. By the end of next year, they will have finished work on the new stadium. The fine modern buildings have been designed by Kurt Gunter. Everybody will be watching anxiously as the new buildings go up. We are all very excited and are looking forward to the Olympic Ga142、mes because they have never been held before in this country.Lesson38 Everything except the weather 惟独没有考虑到天气My old friend, Harrison, had lived in the Mediterranean for many years before he returned to England. He had often dreamed of retiring in England and had planned to settle down in the country143、. He had no sooner returned than he bought a fine house and went to live there. Almost immediately he began to complain about the weather, for even though it was still summer, it rained continually and it was often bitterly cold. After so many years of sunshine, Harrison got a shock. He acted as if 144、he had never lived in England before. In the end, it was more than he could bear. He had hardly had time to settle down when he sold the house and left the country. The dream he had had for so many years ended there. Harrison had thought of everything except the weather.Lesson39 Am I all right? 我是否痊145、愈？While John Gilbert was in hospital, he asked his doctor to tell him whether his operation had been successful, but the doctor refused to do so. The following day, the patient asked for a bedside telephone. When he was alone, he telephoned the hospital exchange and asked for Doctor Millington. When146、 the doctor answered the phone, Mr Gilbert said he was inquiring about a certain patient, a Mr John Gilbert. He asked if Mr Gilberts operation had been successful and the doctor told him that it had been. He then asked when Mr Gilbert would be allowed to go home and the doctor told him that he would147、 have to stay in hospital for another two weeks. Then Dr Millington asked the caller if he was a relative of the patient. No, the patient answered, I am Mr John Gilbert. Lesson40 Food and talk 进餐与交谈Last week at a dinner-party, the hostess asked me to sit next to Mrs Rumbold. Mrs Rumbold was a large,148、 unsmiling lady in a tight black dress. She did not even look up when I took my seat beside her. Her eyes were fixed on her plate and in a short time, she was busy eating. I tried to make conversation. A new play is coming to The Globe soon, I said. Will you be seeing it ? No, she answered. Will you149、 be spending your holidays abroad this year ? I asked. No, she answered. Will you be staying in England? I asked. No, she answered. In despair, I asked her whether she was enjoying her dinner. Young man, she answered, if you ate more and talked less, we would both enjoy our dinner ! lesson41 Do you 150、call that a hat? 你把那个叫帽子吗？Do you call that a hat ? I said to my wife. You neednt be so rude about it, my wife answered as she looked at herself in the mirror. I sat down on one of those modern chairs with holes in it and waited. We had been in the hat shop for half an hour and my wife was still in f151、ront of the mirror. We mustnt buy things we dont need, I remarked suddenly. I regretted saying it almost at once.You neednt have said that, my wife answered. I need not remind you of that terrible tie you bought yesterday. I find it beautiful, I said. A man can never have too into the cave hoping to152、 find buried treasure. The leader of the party was examining the soil near the entrance to the cave when the machine showed that there was gold under the ground. Very excited, the party dug a hole two feet deep. They finally found a small gold coin which was almost worthless. The party then searched153、 the whole cave thoroughly but did not find anything except an empty tin trunk. In spite of this, many people are confident that The Revealer may reveal something of value fairly soon.Lesson56 Faster than sound! 比声音还快！Once a year a race is held for old cars. A lot of cars entered for this race last 154、year and there was a great deal of excitement just before it began. One of the most handsome cars was a Rolls-Royce Silver Ghost. The most unusual car was a Benz which had only three wheels. Built in 1885, it was the oldest car taking part. After a great many loud explosions, the race began. Many of155、 the cars broke down on the course and some drivers spent more time under their cars than in them ! A few cars, however, completed the race. The winning car reached a speed of forty miles an hour-much faster than any of its rivals. It sped downhill at the end of the race and its driver had a lot of 156、trouble trying to stop it. The race gave everyone a great deal of pleasure. It was very different from modern car races but no less exciting. Lesson57 Can I help you, madam? 你要买什么，夫人？A woman in blue jeans stood at the window of an expensive shop. Though she hesitated for a moment, she finally went i157、n and asked to see a dress that was in the window. The assistant who served her did not like the way she was dressed. Glancing at her scornfully, he told her that the dress was sold. The woman walked out of the shop angrily and decided to punish the assistant next day. She returned to the shop the f158、ollowing morning dressed in a fur coat, with a handbag in one hand and a long umbrella in the other. After seeking out the rude assistant she asked for the same dress. Not realizing who she was, the assistant was eager to serve her this time with great difficulty, he climbed into the shop window to 159、get the dress. As soon as she saw it, the woman said s many ties.And a woman cant have too many hats, she answered.Ten minutes later we walked out of the shop together. My wife was wearing a hat that looked like a lighthouse !Lesson42 Not very musical 并非很懂音乐As we had had a long walk through one of t160、he markets of Old Delhi, we stopped at a square to have a rest. After a time, we noticed a snake-charmer with two large baskets at the other side of the square, so we went to have a look at him. As soon as he saw us, he picked up a long pipe which was covered with coins and第一章 总论1.1 项目名称及建设地点全称：云南国资161、水泥剑川有限公司2000t/d新型干法水泥生产线技改工程。简称：剑川公司2000t/d技改工程。建设地点：云南省大理州剑川县梅园建材工业园区。1.2 建设单位1.2.1 建设单位名称：云南国资水泥剑川有限公司。1.2.2 项目的性质为响应国家最新产业政策，适应国家实施的新的环保标准，并根据市场发展及企业实施技术装备和产品结构战略调整的需要，采用当今先进的新型干法水泥生产技术，在云南国资水泥剑川有限公司现有600t/d水泥生产线旁建设一条2000t/d水泥生产线。项目的性质为技改。1.2.3 业主概况本项目业主云南国资水泥剑川有限公司，公司前身即剑川县水泥厂，于1987年建成投产，初建时设计生产162、能力为4.4万吨年；1992年通过技改，形成年产水泥8.8万吨的生产能力；2001年为了公司的发展及响应国家产业结构调整政策，经云南省经贸委批准，依托原有生产设施，投资7900万元，建成一条日产600吨熟料的新型干法旋窑生产线，在2004年底完成了年产30万吨水泥粉磨系统的配套工程。干法旋窑水泥熟料生产线的建成投产对调整水泥产品结构，促进滇西北地区水泥工业的技术进步、服务西部大开发具有重要的意义。产品除满足本县建设外，还远销大理、丽江、迪庆、四川、西藏等地，深受用户好评和青睐，并且具备了开发、生产新品种、特种水泥的能力。目前用户不断增加，市场进一步拓宽。随着水泥销售量的不断提高，使我公司在剑川163、县培植建材支柱产业中发挥了较好的龙头作用。剑川公司现有固定资产原值1.1亿元，在职员工244人，各类专业技术人员82人。相关岗位操作工人均受过国家相关部门的专业技术教育及培训，严格持证上岗。现公司拥有3.2（7+1.8）m尾卸烘干磨、3.352m预热器窑、3.338m单筒冷却机、2.24.4m风扫式煤磨、311m水泥磨，工艺设备先进，技术力量雄厚。目前，公司现已稳定生产P042.5R、P042.5、P032.5R、P032.5强度等级的、采用国际标准生产的普通硅酸盐水泥及PC32.5强度等级的复合硅酸盐水泥等优质高性能产品，还可以根据用户的要求生产各种施工需要的专用水泥。公司配套设备均属国内先164、进，生产工序过程中均采用自动化微机系统控制，生产工艺先进，检测手段完备，生产控制点遍布各车间岗位，形成了严密的质量保证网络体系。公司始终坚持“质量第一，用户至上”的经营指导思想，狠抓基础管理，大力推行现代管理方法，严格按国家标准和高于国家标准的内控标准组织生产，对内有严格的管理制度，有向需方提供优质产品的严密的质量保证体系。所生产的“老君山”牌水泥性能优良，质量稳定。产品的三个合格率一直保持100。1.3 编制单位成都建筑材料工业设计研究院有限公司。工程咨询资格证书：中华人民共和国国家发展和改革委员会颁发 工咨甲2031328001号。1.4 项目建设的必要性和合理性1.4.1 项目的实施，是165、国家西部大开发战略决策的需要在新世纪初，党中央、国务院作出了具有重大意义的西部大开发战略决策。这项决策对于优化生产力布局，缩小地区发展差距，加强民族团结，推进改革和发展，保持国家长治久安具有重大的政治、经济和社会意义。西部大开发的重点一是解放思想，引进新思想、新方法、新机制；二是要重点开发基础设施，加快能源、交通和通讯等基础设施建设，加快东西部人员、物质和信息的交流，大力改善西部地区的投资环境；三是要加强生态平衡建设和环境保护，根据各地区的优势和特点，依靠科技进步，发展优势产业，发挥资源优势，增强经济实力，培育和形成新的经济增长点。国家制定了一系列鼓励投资和发展的优惠政策，为中西部地区的发展奠166、定了良好基础。作为国家经济建设的先行军建材工业尤其是大水泥工业，为适应我国经济发展的步伐，必须加快技术进步、技术更新和技术改造，采用先进成熟的水泥生产工艺，为我国的经济建设提供优质高性能水泥作出更大的贡献。随着国家西部大开发战略的实施，近年来西部地区国家和省级重点工程的建设项目越来越多，西电东输、西气东送、南水北调等工程先后开工，如：小湾电站、金安桥电站等大型水利电力工程建设，澜沧江、金沙江流域梯级水电站的建设对大水泥需求量在不断增加，尤其是大坝中热水泥等特种水泥的供不应求局面会更加突出。受原材料、区域位置等因素限制，许多水泥企业产品主要以普通硅酸盐水泥为主，对专用于大型水利电力、交通工程建设167、的特种水泥涉足较少，因此，本项目的建设对于弥补该部分市场空缺是完全必要的。随着大（理）丽（江）铁路、214国道大理（下关）香格里拉（松源桥）段一级路改造等交通基础设施的建设、开发区建设、城镇和住宅建设等，对水泥也将形成旺盛的需求，尤其对高标号水泥的需求量将会越来越大，为西部地区水泥企业的发展提供了广阔的市场前景。本项目的建设符合西部大开发的需要。1.4.2 贯彻落实国家产业政策，推进产业结构优化升级的需要水泥工业作为我国的基础原材料工业，近二十多年来有了长足的进步和发展。然而其产品结构、技术结构、规模结构和布局结构仍然很不合理，尽管总产量多年位居世界第一，但整体发展水平相对较低，形成了“多而不168、强”的局面。各地水泥产量的增长往往是在低水平的重复建设中发展起来的，从整体上讲技术含量低、产品质量差、环境污染严重、能耗高的立窑水泥占有很大比重，而高质量的旋窑水泥却长期短缺。这种不合理的产业结构已明显制约了我国经济建设的发展和水泥工业整体进步的步伐。为了实现我国建材工业“由大变强、靠新出强”的战略转变和加快水泥工业结构调整的步伐，国家发改委等部门为此提出了“控制总量、调整结构、提高质量、保护环境”的建材工业发展方针，重点支持在有资源的地方建设4000t/d（西部地区2000t/d）及以上规模新型干法熟料基地项目，发展新型干法水泥；对现有水泥生产企业要严格执行污染物排放许可证制度。对超过国家和169、地方规定污染物排放标准以及污染物排放总量控制指标的水泥生产企业，要实行限期治理，限期治理到期后仍然达不到要求的，必须停产整治，直至关闭或取缔；明确在2005年前要淘汰大批落后的地方小水泥企业，大幅度提高优质旋窑水泥，淘汰落后的生产工艺和装备，达到调整结构，提高产品质量，实现产业升级的目的。云南省也制订了相关的政策，加速淘汰立窑生产线，并出台重点项目必须使用旋窑水泥等具体措施，限制小水泥的发展，小水泥的关闭为大水泥的发展腾出了市场空间。国家水泥新标准的颁布和实施，特别是水泥强度检验采用国际ISO方法后，对水泥产品实物质量提出了更高的要求，势必使水泥市场形成优胜劣汰的竞争局面。由于传统生产方法受煅170、烧工艺的影响，水泥实物质量远不如新型干法生产工艺。而以高强度、低碱含量、中低发热量为代表的新型干法高性能水泥，早已成为国际市场上的主流产品并即将成为国内市场的主导产品。因此本项目的实施，能有效地填补当地新型干法水泥的市场需求缺口，加大对落后小立窑水泥厂的淘汰力度，将资源优势转化为经济优势和科技优势，有利于推动地方经济的良性发展，并能达到增强企业实力、提高产品质量、降低能耗、减少污染、提高效益、增强市场竞争能力的目的，实现显著的企业经济效益和社会效益，对优化云南省水泥工业的产业结构和产品结构将起到积极的作用。1.4.3 “发展规模经济，实现规模效益”是企业自身发展的需要云南国资水泥剑川有限公司多171、年来以科技为先导，不断致力于扩大规模经营和优化产品结构，努力增强经济实力，公司于2001年建成投产的日产600吨水泥生产线，获得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。因此，企业为了自身的发展需要，必须从根本上实现企业的技术更新，采用先进生产工艺，加快生产设施的更新换代，充分发挥企业的规模优势。本项目拟采用先进的新型干法水泥生产工艺，其熟料质量较湿法生产工艺有较大的提高，整条生产线充分体现出技术起点高、产品质量优、经济效益好的特点，可以大幅度提高产品质量，降低能耗，降低成本，具有明显的经济效益和社会效益，为企业的发展壮大注入新的活力，使企业在改革发展中迈出关键的步伐。1.4.4 采用新技术新工艺，是建设资172、源节约型、环境友好型社会的要求采用新型干法水泥生产技术，可最大限度对资源的有效利用，节省大量的煤炭资源和电力资源。2005年1月1日实施的水泥工业大气污染物排放标准，对水泥生产过程中的粉尘、废气、噪音控制提出了更严格的要求，对进一步规范水泥工业的环保行为具有重大意义。然而绝大多数水泥厂的粉尘排放均未达到排放标准；国家发改委等部门明文规定“对超过国家和地方规定污染物排放标准以及污染物排放总量控制指标的水泥生产企业，要实行限期治理，限期治理到期后仍然达不到要求的，必须停产整治，直至关闭或取缔”。本项目的建设将以高新技术的环保水平生产优质水泥熟料，同时对现有企业的环保改造提供可借鉴的经验，对区域环境173、质量改善具有积极意义。1.4.5 构建和谐社会，推进地方经济社会的发展剑川地区是石灰质和粘土质原料、电力等资源丰富的地区，云南国资水泥剑川有限公司自诞生以来对本地区的经济发展做出了十分显著的贡献。本工程的建设对当地充分发挥资源优势、综合利用本地区的工业废渣、进一步促进地方经济可持续发展都将起到积极的推进作用。综上所述，本项目的建设对于推动产业结构优化、多元化、促进区域经济建设和企业自身今后的发展都是十分必要的。1.5 编制依据1.5.1 可行性研究报告编制委托书。1.5.2 云南省剑川水泥厂原料矿山地质工作报告书。1.5.3 建设单位提供的其他基础资料。1.6 建设规模及产品品种1.6.1 建174、设规模拟建设一条日产2000吨硅酸盐水泥生产线。1.6.2 生产方法采用带分解炉的五级旋风预热器新型干法窑外分解生产工艺。1.6.3 产品纲领日产普通硅酸盐水泥熟料2000吨年产普通硅酸盐水泥熟料620000吨年产42.5级普通硅酸盐水泥506675吨年产52.5级普通硅酸盐水泥217146吨1.7 研究范围1.7.1 从原燃材料进厂到水泥出厂的生产车间和辅助生产车间。1.7.2 外部输电线路改造及取水等厂外工程。1.7.3 必要的辅助生产设施。1.8 可研报告编制原则1.8.1 本项目将以实现滇西地区水泥生产结构调整，满足地方及周边地区道路工程、大中型水利电力工程对高质量特种水泥的需要，技术175、先进、节省投资、保护环境、节能降耗为指导原则。1.8.2 总结和借鉴国内外先进水泥生产企业在设计、建设和管理方面的经验，在总体规划、设备选型、自控水平和环境保护等多方面充分体现出二十一世纪水泥工业的先进性及全新的新型干法工厂风貌。1.8.3 通过多方案比较，优化工艺设计方案，从设计角度最大限度地降低工程造价。在设计中简化工艺流程和布置，用最简单的生产流程达到最佳的工程效果。1.8.4 应特别重视吸取我院已设计投产的多条新型干法水泥生产线的成功经验，保证辅机设备的可靠性，规格和能力要适当留有余地，以避免由于辅机设备故障而影响系统产量和运转率。1.8.5 要特别重视节能，应采用节能的工艺技术和国家176、推荐的节能机电设备，以降低生产成本。1.8.6 部分关键设备和关键部件进行国际招标采购，以提高工厂的整体装备水平和可靠运行程度。1.8.7 充分结合当地的自然条件，在满足工艺条件的前提下，进一步优化建筑结构设计，能露天布置的尽量露天布置（同时兼顾对周边环境的影响），减少土建工程量，以降低建筑工程的造价。1.8.8 主要生产车间采用先进、可靠的计算机控制系统，实现优化操作，最大限度地减少操作岗位定员，降低运营成本。1.8.9 本项目本身有其特定的原燃材料的具体条件，工程的设计方案首先要针对项目的技术特点进行设计，发挥我院在新型干法水泥生产技术和装备的研究、开发以及工程设计方面取得的成熟经验，在设177、计中贯彻我院“精心设计，质量第一，创新优化，全程服务，使顾客获得最佳投资效益”的质量方针，实现“生产可靠、技术先进、节省投资、提高效益”的设计指导思想，力争把本项目建设成为一流的新型干法生产线。1.9 建设条件1.9.1 石灰石原料石灰石原料采用工厂自备矿山的石灰石，矿山位于厂址南侧约500米。矿区分布范围约0.3平方公里，长约3600米，出露宽度约800米。该矿石质量好，路天开采条件优越，其有益成份含量高，质量稳定，有害成份含量低，符合水泥原料的质量控制要求。全矿平均化学成分见表1-1。石灰石平均化学成分表（%）表1-1LossSiO2Al2O3Fe2O3CaOMgOK2ONa2OSO3Cl178、41.863.061.040.8251.630.950.060.060.200.0071.9.2 硅质原料本项目选用石羊芩砂岩作硅质校正原料。该砂岩主要化学成分SiO2为7080%，Al2O3为8%左右，硅酸率高，有害成分含量低，是较好的硅质校正原料，可满足新型干法水泥生产的要求。砂岩平均化学成分见表1-2。砂岩化学成分（%）表1-2LossSiO2Al2O3Fe2O3CaOMgOK2ONa2OSO3Cl-5.0877.747.962.483.230.930.350.360.010.0031.9.3 粘土质原料粘土质原料采用剑川县甸南蝴蝶坪粘土矿的粘土。该矿粘土为粉砂岩风化形成，质量优良，化学179、成分稳定。粘土平均化学成分见表1-3。粘土化学成分（%）表1-3LossSiO2Al2O3Fe2O3CaOMgOK2ONa2OSO3Cl-6.6770.6513.244.260.331.251.710.340.250.0081.9.5 铁质校正原料采用丽江县九河白族乡甸尾坪铁矿的尾铁矿，尾铁矿Fe2O3含量在59%以上。该铁矿石质量和数量都能满足水泥生产的要求，有长期供货保证。其化学成份见表1-5。铁矿石平均化学成份（%）表1-5LOSSSiO2Al2O3Fe2O3CaOMgOSO3K2ONa2OCl-8.9515.276.7659.812.711.14-1.9.6 燃煤本工程所用燃料拟选用华180、坪煤矿烟煤。该地区煤矿资源丰富、煤质良好，发热量高，低位热值达25380kJ/kg，挥发份27.10%，灰份较低为20.82%，是新型干法水泥煅烧的理想燃料。煤的工业分析见表1-6，煤灰的化学成分见表1-7。煤的工业分析表1-6Mad（%）Vdaf（%）FCad（%）Aad（%）Stad（%）Qnet.ar（kJ/kg）4.0127.1050.0120.820.4225380煤灰的化学成分表（）表1-7LossSiO2Al2O3Fe2O3CaOMgOK2ONa2OSO3Cl-52.7234.016.432.121.32-1.9.7 缓凝剂石膏缓凝剂拟采用剑川县马登乡石花坪石膏矿的石膏作缓凝剂，181、该矿石膏储量丰富，其中SO3含量为45%。汽车运输进厂，运距80公里，供货有保障。石膏品质符合国家标准GB548396要求。1.9.8 混合材本项目拟采用距公司27km处的铁矿冶炼厂排出的尾矿水淬矿渣，该矿渣货源充足，供货有保证。1.9.9 电源电源由距厂5km的城北变电站35kV单回路架空专线引来，厂区建一座35kV /10kV总降压站供本工程生产生活用电，该电源能满足本工程生产线及辅助设施用电。1.9.10 水源距拟建厂址约2000m有一双河水库，水源充足，水位变化较小，本工程拟取水库水作为生产、生活和消防用水水源。1.9.11 厂址本工程拟建厂址位于大理州剑川县梅园建材工业园区内，紧靠滇182、藏公路（214国道），距剑川县城6公里，位于大理州北部，处于大理、丽江、迪庆、怒江四地州交界处，南去大理135公里，昆明532公里，北距丽江75公里，中甸178公里，西至兰坪129公里，县境内有滇藏、剑兰公路穿越，交通运输较为便利。该厂址场地开阔，交通顺畅，水电便利，工程地质状况尚好，具备建设大中型水泥厂的基本条件。1.9.12 气象拟建厂址所在地为高海拔地区，属高原季风气候，年平均气温12.2，最高33.5，最低-10.7，年平均降雨量750mm，年最大降雨量928.3mm，历年最大积雪深度27cm，常年主导风向为南西风，最大风速22m/s，年平均大气压582mmHg。1.9.13 地震烈度183、厂区地震抗震设防烈度为8度，设计基本地震加速度值为0.30g，地震分组为第一组。1.10 主要技术方案1.10.1 生产工艺方法采用新型干法窑外分解水泥生产技术。1.10.2 主要技术方案简述1.10.2.1 石灰石破碎石灰石破碎系统采用露天半固定破碎站，采用PCF2018单段锤式破碎机破碎，生产能力为450t/h。1.10.2.2 石灰石预均化在相同储量的情况下，圆形预均化堆场占地面积较矩形堆场少40%以上，节省投资约3040%，且堆料和取料均连续作业，无堆锥效应。根据现场场地的地形条件，本项目采用60m圆形预均化堆场。堆场储量10200吨。1.10.2.3 砂岩破碎及粘土破碎砂岩破碎及粘土184、破碎考虑同时满足新建生产线和原有生产线的砂岩需求量，砂岩破碎选用一台PCF1412锤式破碎机，生产能力为90t/h。粘土破碎选用一台CJ2型12501000mm冲击式粘土碎机，生产能力为90t/h。1.10.2.4 联合预均化设置一座4372m侧堆侧取长型预均化堆场对进厂辅助原料进行预均化处理，粘土堆场为4336m，储存量6000；砂岩堆场为4327m，储存量4800；尾铁矿堆场为439m，储存量1000。1.10.2.5 生料粉磨生料粉磨采用立磨方案。其技术参数为：当入磨物料粒度70mm、入磨水分8%、出磨粒度0.08mm筛余12%时，系统产量为190t/h。1.10.2.6 生料均化设计采185、用集生料储存、均化于一体的1548.5mIBAU库，生料储量7620t，储存期2.42d。1.10.2.7 烧成系统熟料烧成采用单系列五级CDC预分解系统、460m回转窑和第三代新型空气梁篦式冷却机等设备组成的窑外分解煅烧系统，日产熟料2000吨，硅酸盐水泥熟料热耗3178kJ/kgcl（760kcal/kgcl），入窑生料的碳酸钙分解率大于92%。系统废气余热用于烘干原料。1.10.2.8 熟料储存熟料储存拟采用两座1842m圆筒库储存熟料，总储量20000t，储期10d。为方便熟料外运，库侧设有汽车散装系统。1.10.2.9 煤预均化煤预均化设置一座3980m矩形预均化堆场，总储量2320186、0t，总储期20.48d。1.10.2.10 煤粉制备煤粉制备拟采用辊式磨系统。利用窑头篦冷机热风作为磨机烘干热源。当原煤水分10%、入磨原料粒度40mm、出磨水分0.5%、出磨细度0.08mm筛余810%时，系统生产能力为22t/h。1.10.2.11 石膏破碎采用一台PFC1609锤式破碎机破碎进厂石膏，当入料粒度600mm、出料粒度25mm时，生产能力为5070t/h。1.10.2.12 水淬渣烘干采用一台2.418.35m回转式烘干机对水淬渣进行烘干，当初水分20，终水分10时，生产能力为20t/h。1.10.2.13 水泥粉磨水泥粉磨拟采用一套CDG140-80辊压机+V型选粉机+3187、.811m球磨机+O-SepaN-3000选粉机组成的联合粉磨系统。根据各水泥品种的比例，该系统综合生产能力为105t/h。1.10.2.14 水泥储存及散装设4座IBAU型储存兼均化1545m圆形水泥库，总储量20000t，为方便水泥散装，库底设有4套汽车散装系统。1.10.2.15 水泥包装及成品库水泥包装采用两台8嘴回转式包装机包装水泥，台时生产能力90t/h。成品库2478，储量2500吨。1.10.2.16 空压机站厂区设两座空压机站，每一站内设四台20m3/min螺杆式空压机，分别向全厂气动元件、收尘器和窑尾吹堵系统等处供气。1.10.2.17 电气自控方案本工程采用技术先进、性能188、可靠的计算机控制系统（即DCS系统）。对主生产线进行集中监视、操作和分散控制，可有效地提高电控设备的可靠性和可维护性，实现控制、监视、操作的现代化。通过中央控制室操作站与工厂管理计算机的网络连接，使管理人员能随时掌握工厂生产的实际情况，实现管理现代化。1.10.3 技术装备水平本设计的设备选型主要立足于国内成熟的技术装备，对国内暂不过关的设备采取引进技术来图加工或引进国外关键件。1.11 主要技术经济指标主要技术经济指标见表1-8。主要技术经济指标表表1-8序号指 标 名 称单 位数 量备 注1建设规模硅酸盐水泥熟料t/d2000万t/a62P.O42.5级普硅水泥万t/a50.67P.O52189、.5级普硅水泥万t/a21.712设备重量t5080工艺设备3装机容量kW184304年耗电量万kWh66855日耗水量生产m3/d1310辅助生产m3/d1786循环水利用率%96.57总平面图指标工程占地面积ha13.98含部分共用建构筑物占地面积m235000含部分共用道路及广场占地面积m234500投资强度万元/ha2229容积率%53.86建筑系数%39.70行政办公及生活服务设施所占比重%0.00绿化系数%10.808资金总额静态投资万元17435.35建设期利息万元348.15铺底流动资金万元528.00合计万元18311.509投资构成建筑工程万元4519.7225.42%设备190、万元10158.8357.12%安装工程万元1842.2010.36%其他万元1262.757.10%10全员劳动定员生产工人人139管理人员人26合计人16511劳动生产率全员tcl /人a4387生产工人tcl /人a520712能耗指标单位熟料热耗kJ/kg3178单位熟料标准煤耗kg/t108.57单位熟料实物煤耗kg/t156.27工艺过程水泥电耗kWh/tcl9513吨产品指标单位产品固定资产投资元/t245.70吨水泥设备重量kg/t7.02吨水泥装机容量kW/t0.026水泥平均单位成本费用元/t140.3714企业经济指标年平均销售收入万元17496年平均总成本费用万元125191、05年平均销售税金及附加万元126年平均利润总额万元486415经济效益全部投资财务内部收益率%22.51税后全部投资投资回收期a5.41税后借款偿还期a4.48投资利润率%24.89投资利税率%33.60资本金净利润率%50.8516三材用量水泥t11150钢材t5240木材m36801.12 综合评价及结论1.12.1 本项目建设条件落实，原料资源丰富，水源电源有保证，交通运输条件具备，集团公司领导班子坚强有力，并建立了完善的原燃材料供应和产品销售体系，拥有一批生产经营和技术管理人才，具有多年的水泥生产和经营管理的成功经验。1.12.2 本项目的建设符合国家及本行业的技术及产业政策。采用新192、型干法窑外分解生产技术，技术先进可靠，能耗低，污染少，产品质量稳定，熟料标号高。项目建成后，可充分利用当地丰富的矿产资源，生产满足市场紧缺的高标号硅酸盐水泥，促进当地的经济发展和企业的技术进步，市场前景广阔。1.12.3 项目的技术方案和装备达到国内先进水平，吨产品投资仅245.70元，财务评价指标好，具有较强的盈利能力和抗风险能力，投资效益明显。1.12.4 本项目的建设不仅是必要的，也是可行的。建议尽快审批，早日组织实施建成投产。 16 第一章 总论第二章 水泥市场分析2.1市场定位云南国资水泥剑川有限公司位于大理州剑川县梅园建材工业园区内，紧靠214国道，距剑川县城6公里，位于大理州北部193、，处于大理、丽江、迪庆、怒江四地州交界处，交通便利，通信便捷。公司现有一条600t/d新型干法熟料生产线，配有1000t/d水泥粉磨系统，主导产品为“老君山”牌PO32.5、PO42.5水泥。“老君山牌”水泥分别已通过ISO9002质量管理体系以及产品质量认证。产品畅销大理、怒江、丽江、香格里拉、西藏昌都部分地区和四川甘孜州部分地区。公司拟建一条2000 t/d新型干法水泥生产线，年产水泥约70万吨，届时，公司水泥生产能力将达到100万吨，项目建成后市场仍将定位于以上地区。2.2 水泥工业现状2.2.1 云南省水泥工业现状云南省现有水泥企业约173家，进入“十五”以来，由于固定资产投资持续增长194、，在市场需求拉动下，云南省水泥产量一直保持较快的增长速度。2004年水泥产量2151万吨，其中新型干法水泥827万吨，占38%。2002年全省新增新型干法水泥熟料62万吨，2003年新增248万吨；2004年新型干法水泥生产线达到20条，熟料生产能力725万吨，全国排名第11位，平均规模1170t/d，（仅2004年新增新型干法生产线7条，新增熟料生产能力292万吨）。从水泥工业结构看，2003年云南省淘汰立窑工艺285万吨，已经累计有80条小立窑被肢解，淘汰落后生产能力近450万吨。一批新型干法水泥线相继建成和开工建设，使全省水泥生产技术跃升到新的发展平台。但是，全省水泥工业目前仍存在着一些195、突出问题，主要表现在： 企业规模小，生产集中度低。2003年底水泥产量前五位的企业：昆明水泥股份有限公司、开远水泥股份有限公司、云南红塔滇西水泥股份有限公司、大理红山水泥有限公司、云南省壮山实业股份有限公司。五家企业总产量为303万吨，比重占14.76%。企业平均规模小，除云南东骏水泥有限公司、云南红塔滇西水泥股份有限公司、开远水泥股份有限公司、云南水泥有限公司、昆钢华云水泥公司等少数几家大中型水泥企业外，生产规模小的立窑企业占绝大多数，省内最大水泥企业规模也仅有200万吨。 技术水平偏低、产品结构不够合理。多数企业工艺装备落后，技术含量低。多数是湿法回转窑和小干法回转窑， 在占总能力60%以196、上的立窑中，多数是年产量低于5万吨的小窑，质量不够稳定，劳动生产率低，能耗高，粉尘污染严重。水泥品种单一，以32.5等级品种为主，高标号水泥、特种水泥生产能力严重不足，42.5及以上高标号水泥和中热水泥、道路水泥等特种水泥极少。代表目前先进水平的新型干法窑外分解窑水泥的发展滞后，优质旋窑水泥缺口很大，新型干法水泥更是极为短缺。 重点水泥企业技术、装备水平仍较落后。全省大中型水泥企业目前仍以湿法回转窑生产工艺为主，生产技术及装备水平比较落后，能耗高、污染大，经济效益普遍较差，特别是国有大中型企业，历史包袱沉重，自我发展能力较差，技术改造面临较大困难。 代表先进生产力的新型干法水泥发展速度缓慢，机197、立窑水泥快速扩张。由于项目投资较大，企业筹资能力差，批准建设的新型干法水泥项目多数还处于前期工作阶段，实际开工建设的不多，发展速度不够快，而许多立窑水泥企业，为了逃避淘汰落后工艺的产业政策，适应水泥新标准的实施，加大了扩径改窑的速度，先后进行了程度不同的扩径扩能改造，这部分新增水泥产量占全省近两年新增产量的相当部分，使水泥工业结构性矛盾突出。虽然2000年以来云南省新型干法水泥生产线发展较快，水泥工业产业升级取得进展，但新型干法水泥产量仍很低，水泥总量主体仍是落后的立窑水泥，而且近两年建成投产的新型干法窑大部分都是日产2000吨以下的生产线，日产4000吨的生产线仅有一条，具有规模经济的大型和198、特大型的新型干法生产线比例偏低。1996-2005年云南省的水泥总产量见表2-1。1996-2005年云南省的水泥总产量表2-1 年 份19961997199819992000总产量（万吨）11521341155916231512年 份20012002200320042005总产量（万吨）16411841205321512780针对这种状况，国家和云南省对水泥工业已经部署了重大调整战略，国家经贸委发布的建材工业“十五”规划中，明确提出了“控制总量、调整结构、淘汰落后”的建材工业发展方针，水泥工业结构调整的核心是技术结构、产品结构和规模结构的调整，并在实施细则中明确了在2005年前要淘汰大批落后199、的地方小水泥企业，大幅度提高优质旋窑水泥，淘汰落后的生产工艺和装备，达到调整结构、提高产品质量，实现产业升级的目的。国家经贸委对水泥工业已经部署了重大调整战略，在“十五”规划和2010年远景发展目标中制定了两项重大措施，第一是对建材工业实施“控制总量、调整结构、淘汰落后小水泥厂”，为发展“大水泥”腾出空间，落实建材工业“由大变强，靠新出强”的跨世纪发展战略；第二是2001年4月1日起废除沿用二十多年的旧水泥标准，实施同国际标准（ISO）接轨的水泥标准，提高水泥产品的实物质量和档次，以适应经济建设和国内外市场竞争的要求。通过上述重大措施的实施，势必使水泥市场形成优胜劣汰的竞争局面，立窑小水泥的市200、场空间日趋狭小，大水泥尤其是新型干法水泥的发展前景十分光明，水泥工业的整体格局将演变为大力发展大水泥基地，由大水泥基地向市场提供高性能优质水泥，从根本上改变水泥工业的面貌。云南省水泥工业在执行国家战略部署的基础上，也出台了关于全省小水泥工业进行结构调整的实施意见，提出要以产品和技术结构为中心，以节能降耗提高质量为重点，以技术改造为途径，以提高规模效益为目的，大力发展大中型回转窑水泥，尤其是先进的新型干法水泥。2.2.2 大理州及滇西地区水泥工业现状大理州共有水泥企业19家，年生产能力340万吨，实际产量仅171.52万吨。随着大理州以及周边地区电站的开工建设、交通运输、基础设施、旅游资源开发、201、以及住房等建设的迅速发展，对高性能优质水泥的需求正日益增长，为发展高性能、高标号水泥创造了必要的市场空间。2.3 市场需求预测水泥产品市场与国家经济增长速度、固定资产投资以及国家产业政策密切相关。从目前国家实行积极的财政政策，大力实施西部大开发战略以及国家产业政策几个方面分析预测，云南省的优质大水泥市场前景十分看好。2.3.1 固定资产投资的增长将拉动水泥需求的快速增长云南省委六届十一次全会提出的：“抓住西部大开发的重要机遇，紧紧围绕实现绿色经济强省、民族文化大省和中国连接东南亚、南亚大通道的三大目标”以及实施西电东送、基础设施建设、机场建设、中小城镇建设等都将会给云南的经济建设和建材工业的发202、展带来新的机遇和巨大的市场空间。“十一五”、“十二五”期间是国民经济快速发展的时期，水泥工业必须保持快速发展才能满足国民经济发展的需求，才能适应日益提高和变化的市场需求，尤其是对优质、高性能水泥的需求。公司位于剑川县梅园建材工业园区，东南距大理135km，西距兰坪129km，北距丽江75km，距香格里拉178km，距西藏芝康590km，距四川乡城400km，巴塘560km。西邻214国道，交通便利，运输成本较低，区位优势比较明显。国家实施西部大开发战略，将从政策、资金、资源开发和基础设施建设等方面加大对西部地区的支持力度，必将给滇西北区域的发展注入新的活力，一大批基础建设项目已相继启动。周边地203、区正在建设或准备建设的项目：铁路： 大理丽江铁路，2004年底动工，2005年、2006年是用水泥高峰期，2007年下半年完工，约需水泥80万吨。 2007年完工后建设丽江香格里拉铁路，工程量将超过大丽铁路，同时大理瑞丽的铁路也将动工。公路： 2006年2007年214国道大理（下关）香格里拉（松源桥）段一级路改造； 214线国道香格里拉佛山段二级路改造，近期开工建设。 正在测绘中的攀枝花六库一级公路。电站：金沙江梯级电站，丽江金安桥正在开工建设，其余大型电站也在准备之中； 澜沧江梯级电站，正在建设中的小湾电站，其余大型电站也都在准备之中；丽江、迪庆、西藏、怒江等地区的小水电开发也相继动工建设204、。 怒江水利水电的综合开发项目。以上大型水电项目的开工建设，工期都将超过10年，投资大，水泥需求很大。214国道进入西藏境内的控制性工程盐井附近的角笼坝大桥今年内完工通车，这将决定着214国道西藏段可在近期内动工，物质将顺利进藏。随着人民生活水平的不断提高，本县水泥用量将逐年增加，2005年剑川县内销售量约7万吨，按每年8%增长速度，水泥用量也随之遂年增加。公路、铁路建设需大量水泥，水电开发也需要大量水泥，项目建成投产后，水泥市场需求增大，前景看好。2.3.2 国家产业政策对水泥市场的影响为实现国家和云南省的水泥工业结构调整战略，根治环境污染，国家和云南省决定加大水泥产业优化升级的力度。国家经205、贸委1997年即已下达“国经贸1997367号”文，要求“限期淘汰土（蛋）窑和窑径2.2米以下即年生产能力4.4万吨以下的水泥机立窑生产工艺与设备”。“九五”期间，我国水泥工业主要做好产业结构调整，控制总量，淘汰落后，从调整情况来看，此目标已基本实现。目前全国累计关闭淘汰小水泥厂3894户，压减生产能力9450万吨。云南省亦出台了水泥工业“控制总量、调整结构”的实施意见和有关坚决制止新建、扩建、改建水泥机立窑生产线的通知。根据云南省云政发1999112号关于云南省建材工业控制总量调整结构实施意见和省建材工业行管办、省环保局云建材联发（1998）10号文云南省小水泥企业淘汰严重污染环境（大气）工206、艺与设备的总体安排计划，云南省2000年关闭小企业19家，淘汰落后生产线20条；2001年取缔关闭小水泥生产线33条，减少生产能力90万吨。2000-2005年期间，关闭88条，减少生产能力277万吨，2005-2010年期间，将关闭27条，减少生产能力106万吨。至2010年，关闭机立窑共计171条，减少生产能力523万吨。其中，主要消费城市昆明、曲靖、玉溪市关闭立窑生产能力总计250万吨。详见表2-2。在淘汰落后工艺设备的同时，国家还对各地实行总量控制，严格禁止新建水泥项目，新增能力多少，必须淘汰多少。小水泥厂的关闭势必为大水泥的发展腾出市场空间。计划立窑关闭情况见表2-2。计划立窑关闭情207、况一览表表2-2 地区年份全 省昆 明曲 靖玉 溪关闭生产线（条）减少生产能力（万吨）关闭生产线（条）减少生产能力（万吨）关闭生产线（条）减少生产能力（万吨）关闭生产线（条）减少生产能力（万吨）2000年前561401025215811272000-200588277624135216642005-201027106小 计17152316493511427912.3.3 国家修订水泥质量检验标准对水泥产品市场的影响国家为了提高产品质量，按国际标准ISO制订了水泥强度检测方法的新标准。新标准已于2001年4月1日起强制执行。现有的机立窑目前生产的普42.5级水泥若按新标准检验，标号将大幅度下降，208、大量的小水泥厂将因无法满足新标准要求进行生产而关停。湿法窑生产的水泥按照新标准检验，强度也会有较大降幅，甚至有的企业将无法再生产普52.5级水泥。而新型干法水泥则完全能满足和适应新标准生产52.5级、62.5级高标号高品质水泥。所以新型干法水泥必将因其能耗低、质量高、劳动生产率高、污染小而具有压倒优势。新型干法水泥生产技术把当代科学技术发展的最新成果广泛应用于水泥工业生产全过程，它代表着我国水泥工业的发展方向。发展新型干法水泥生产是我国水泥工业进行产业结构调整、加速实现我国水泥工业现代化的重要内容。随着与国际接轨的水泥新标准的实施，新型干法水泥的实物质量将呈现出优于其他旋窑水泥的突出优势。20209、04年全国建成的新型干法水泥生产线499条，熟料产能达到32880万吨，2004年全国水泥总产量9.7亿吨，新型干法水泥产量30272万吨，占全国水泥产量的31.21%，云南省新型干法水泥生产线总的来说规模不大，仅有一条日产4000吨生产线，本技改项目实施后，对于优化云南全省水泥工业技术结构、产品结构、规模结构都具有明显推动作用，无疑具有广阔的发展空间和市场前景。也使云南国资水泥剑川有限公司的水泥生产规模再上档次，为公司长期的持续健康发展创造有利条件。2.4 历史机遇“全面建设小康社会”为云南省的发展带来了新的历史机遇，党的十六大提出了全面建设小康社会的奋斗目标，在优化结构和提高效益的基础上，210、国内生产总值到2020年力争比2000年翻两番，综合国力和国际竞争力明显增强。基本实现工业化，建成完善的社会主义市场经济体制和更具活力、更加开放的经济体系。全面建设小康社会最基本的是坚持以经济建设为中心，不断解放和发展生产力。走新型工业化道路，大力实施科教兴国战略和可持续发展战略，积极推进西部大开发，促进区域经济协调发展，重点抓好基础设施和生态环境建设，争取十年内取得突破性进展。国家要在投资项目、税收政策和财政转移支持等方面加大对西部地区的支持，逐步建立长期稳定的西部大开发资金渠道，西部地区要进一步解放思想，增强自我发展能力，在改革中走出一条加快发展的新路。为实现这一目标，云南省提出要以高于全211、国平均水平的发展速度，缩小云南与发达地区的差距，这就为云南省建材工业的发展提供了新的历史机遇。2.5 市场分析结论从上述分析可以看出，目前云南省水泥市场供需总量基本趋于平衡，主要问题是产品结构不合理，造成目前高性能水泥供不应求，而立窑水泥和小水泥销售不畅，随着我国经济建设和社会发展水平的日益提高，这种局面将日趋突出，而淘汰小水泥，发展新型干法水泥则是解决这一问题的根本所在。由此可见，云南国资剑川水泥有限公司拟建设的一条具有先进工艺水平的2000t/d新型干法水泥生产线，其产品市场是有保证的。该项目建成后，对适应今后水泥需求的增长，尤其是缓解云南省优质水泥的供需矛盾，调整全省水泥工业结构，改善水212、泥工业布局具有积极作用。因此，建设本项目是云南国资剑川水泥有限公司实现规模扩大、走可持续健康发展道路的重大战略部署。 24 第二章 市场分析第三章 建设条件3.1 厂址及交通运输条件3.1.1 厂址云南国资水泥剑川水泥有限公司2000t/d新型干法水泥生产线技改工程厂址位于大理州剑川县梅园建材工业园区内，地理位置为东经9951，北纬2635。公司前身即剑川县水泥厂，位于大理州北部，处于大理、丽江、迪庆、怒江四地州交界处，本次2000t/d新型干法水泥生产线技改工程围绕原600t/d水泥生产线（一期工程）布置。厂区场地经一期工程地质勘探得知，建设场地内未发现不良工程地质现象，适宜建厂。3.1.2213、 交通运输厂区紧临214国道，距剑川县城6公里。厂区南去大理135公里，西至兰坪129公里，北至丽江75公里，至迪庆中旬178公里，东距昆明532公里。处于迪庆、丽江、大理开发区和兰坪工业区中心。滇藏公路（214国道）从厂区的西侧通过，该县境内还有剑兰公路穿越。地理位置优越，交通运输条件便利。3.2 石灰石原料石灰石原料采用工厂自备矿山的石灰石，矿山位于厂址南侧约500m。矿区分布范围约0.3平方公里，长约3600m，出露宽度约800m，灰岩分布稳定，地表裸露，地形比高中等。石灰岩分布区为一单斜构造。F断裂将区内灰岩切割成两块；该断裂走向NNE陡立，倾角大于70，可见长度达650m，大致呈一弧214、型，所通过地段，岩石破碎，裂隙发育，多形成悬崖陡壁，地层倾角亦有变化，近断裂附近6080，远离断裂附近倾角变缓，仅2040。主要地层为T2b中三叠统北衙组下段，上部为黄褐色细中粒砂岩，中夹泥灰岩透镜体。下部为青灰灰白色厚层纯灰岩，夹泥灰岩。1983年西南有色地质勘查局310队对矿区进行了地质勘探工作，圈定石灰岩五个块段（即IV），石灰石化学成分见表3-1。石灰石化学成分（%）表3-1块段编号矿石类型LossSiO2Al2O3Fe2O3CaOMgOSO3K2ONa2OI石灰石2.401.110.7752.060.17II泥灰岩32.6821.683.182.6139.050.4000.9181.215、125III石灰石41.632.861.651.2353.110.500.0740.110.042IV石灰石42.662.520.830.2651.951.260.280.0570.28V石灰石42.292.210.720.2654.470.140.2340.0730.2341984年8月西南有色地质勘查局310队提交云南省剑川水泥厂原料矿山地质工作报告书经云南省建筑材料工业局（85）云建材地字第005号文审查。批准III号块段首采储量C+D级171.14万吨。为配合本次技改工程1998年2月西南有色地质勘查局310队对石灰石矿和粘土矿进行了远景评估工作，并提交了剑川县水泥厂技改项目矿石原料远216、景评价地质说明书。根据远景评价地质报告书，石灰石保有储量1093.9万吨。据调查该石灰石矿附近还有大量的石灰石矿出露，建议业主尽快委托地质勘探单位开展地质勘探工作，落实石灰石矿山资源。该矿石灰石工厂已使用多年，石灰石质量好，成分稳定，CaO标准偏差1.37%。近年进厂石灰石化学成分见表3-2。进厂石灰石化学成分（%）表3-2日 期LossSiO2Al2O3Fe2O3CaOMgO2005.1.41.443.871.351.3649.611.72005.242.123.181.050.9550.991.292005.339.835.761.671.4949.461.042005.441.522.5217、00.951.0551.411.082005.540.964.131.401.0950.261.062005.640.973.271.591.0151.870.442005.740.973.961.881.0949.741.562005.840.434.371.681.2650.280.962005.941.154.231.261.1250.531.152005.1040.704.601.781.1150.210.702005.1140.804.041.271.0650.751.162005.1240.994.961.320.7750.351.271999.141.543.581.060.59218、51.061.101999.242.632.010.660.5952.990.681999.342.821.710.600.6053.620.491999.442.522.460.590.7651.621.401999.542.421.541.040.4853.340.391999.642.101.640.690.8852.960.661999.742.322.160.580.6253.060.521999.842.411.850.560.4853.010.411999.942.532.200.670.5052.470.601998.1.41.074.551.450.9950.651.1219219、98.241.315.121.280.7350.161.111998.341.095.281.731.1649.221.161998.442.093.360.990.6451.001.261998.543.231.310.380.2553.720.781998.642.961.940.830.7451.741.681998.742.861.480.060.7853.260.721998.843.480.630.230.2654.560.391998.943.371.210.470.3653.960.541998.1042.661.980.960.4753.090.691998.1141.593220、.341.221.0050.821.301998.1242.482.750.910.6752.170.97平均41.863.061.040.8251.630.95 3.3 辅助原料及燃料3.3.1 粘土粘土质原料采用剑川县甸南蝴蝶坪粘土矿的粘土。该矿粘土为粉砂岩风化形成，质量优良，化学成分稳定。根据西南有色地质勘查局310队提交的远景评价地质报告书，粘土储量达121万吨。粘土由汽车运输进厂，运距17公里。进厂粘土平均化学成分见表3-3。粘土化学成分（%）表3-3LossSiO2Al2O3Fe2O3CaOMgO6.6770.6513.244.260.331.253.3.2 砂岩采用羊芩的砂岩，汽221、车运输进厂，运距24公里。砂岩储量大，质量稳定。进厂砂岩平均化学成分见表3-4。砂岩化学成分（%）表3-4LossSiO2Al2O3Fe2O3CaOMgO5.0877.747.962.483.230.933.3.3 铁质校正原料采用丽江县九河白族乡甸尾坪铁矿的尾矿，铁矿石Fe2O3含量在59%以上。汽车运输进厂，运距5km。铁矿石化学成分见表3-5。铁矿石化学成分（%）表3-5LossSiO2Al2O3Fe2O3CaOMgO8.9515.276.7659.812.711.143.3.4 石膏采用剑川县马登乡石花坪石膏矿的石膏作缓凝剂，SO3含量为45%。汽车运输进厂，运距80km。3.3.5 222、混合材混合材采用距公司27km的铁矿冶炼厂排出的尾矿水淬矿渣，该矿渣活性好，适宜作水泥混合材。3.3.6 燃料投产初期选用云南省华坪县龙洞煤矿的烟煤，该煤矿烟煤质量好，储量大。汽车运输进厂，运距221公里。生产正常后掺入部分本地双河烟煤和鹤庆马厂无烟煤。华坪县龙洞煤矿烟煤的工业分析和煤灰的化学分析见表3-6、表3-7。煤的工业分析（%）表3-6品种水分灰分挥发分固定碳全硫低热值（kJ/kg）华坪烟煤4.0120.8227.1050.010.4225380煤灰的化学分析（%）表3-7品种SiO2Al2O3Fe2O3CaOMgOSO3华坪烟煤52.7234.016.432.121.321.143.223、4 电源电源由距厂5公里的城北变电站35kV单回路架空专线引来，厂区建一座35kV/10kV总降压站和五座车间电气室提供本工程生产生活用电。另设一台500kW柴油发电机作为生产线一级负荷保安电源。3.5 水源距离厂址约2000m有一双河水库。水源充足，水位变化较小，可直接抽取经给水装置处理并消毒后供全厂生产、生活和消防用水。水源水量满足全厂生产、生活和消防用水需求。 30 第三章 建设条件第四章 技术方案4.1 原料配料4.1.1 配料设计4.1.1.1 配料用原、燃材料成分数据本项目配料方案采用的原料为：石灰石、砂岩、粘土、尾铁矿。燃料用华坪县龙洞煤矿的烟煤。配料用原、燃材料化学成分数据见表224、4-1。配料用各种物料化学成分（%）表4-1物料LOSSSiO2Al2O3Fe2O3CaOMgOK2ONa2OSO3Cl-石灰石41.863.061.040.8251.630.950.060.060.200.007砂岩5.0877.747.962.483.230.930.350.360.010.003粘土6.6770.6513.244.260.331.251.710.340.250.008尾铁矿8.9515.276.7659.812.711.14-煤灰52.7234.016.432.121.32-4.1.1.2 熟料率值的选择根据国内外新型预分解窑生产的实践经验，结合本工程的原、燃材料的特性，225、并按GB175-1999硅酸盐水泥、普通硅酸盐水泥标准对水泥熟料的要求，本设计建议水泥熟料的矿物组成为：C3S为60%左右，C3S+C2S=75%85%。熟料率值取值如下：KH：0.900.02 LSF：93.50.1SM：2.600.1IM：1.600.14.1.1.3 熟料热耗及煤灰掺入量根据新型干法工艺的特点，以及全国新型干法生产线的具体生产情况，加上本项目地处高海拔的一些特殊性，确定本项目热耗指标为：熟料烧成热耗3178kJ/kg.cl（760kcal/kg.cl），煤灰掺入量为3.77%。4.1.1.4 配料计算结果配料计算结果见表4-2、表4-3、表4-4、表4-5。原料配合比（%226、）及生料消耗定额表4-2物料名称石灰石砂岩粘土尾铁矿生料理论消耗定额(kg/kg.cl)配比84.164.959.571.321.5291生料及熟料率值表4-3LSFKHSMIM生料1.041.0272.8881.306熟料0.9370.902.601.60生料、熟料的化学成分（%）表4-4LOSSSiO2Al2O3Fe2O3CaOMgOK2ONa2OSO3Cl-生料36.2413.392.632.0143.680.980.23150.10090.19270.0068熟料22.195.243.2866.001.5290.34930.15220.33390.0103熟料的矿物组成（%）表4-5C227、3SC2SC3AC4AFC3S+C2SC3A+C4AFC3A+C3SL1400L145059.2218.968.369.9678.17818.3267.5824.7125.13 原、燃料带入的钾、钠、氯、硫等挥发性组份在预热器窑系统内处于闭路循环状态，它在高温下挥发后到低温区又重新凝集，凝集后可使物料熔点降低，引起预热器内结皮、堵塞、料流不畅，此种已富集钾、钠的生料进入熟料中，如果超过一定限量时,也会影响熟料的质量，使砼发生碱-集料反应。因此对生料中的挥发性组份加以适当控制限量是非常重要的。一般控制生料中的碱含量（K2O+Na2O）不大于1.0%，氯含量（Cl-）应不大于0.015%，水泥熟料228、中要求MgO5%，窑内硫碱摩尔比(molS/molR2O)应不大于1.0。因业主提供的原料中有害成分不全，配料计算结果中的有害成分含量不具有代表性，所以对生料和熟料中的有害成分不进行分析评述。4.1.2 原燃料评述4.1.2.1 工厂使用的主要原燃材料来源落实，储量丰富，故本设计在原燃材料的供应品质和数量上是可行的。4.1.2.2 由于工厂除石灰石以外的原燃料是外购，无法在开采时严格控制其质量及成分波动，工厂对进厂原燃料品质应严格把关，使新建生产线能稳定高产。4.1.2.3 原燃料的成分波动对新型干法生产工艺影响非常巨大，故各种原燃料设置预均化设施是非常必要的。4.1.3 配料方案简析、评述4229、.1.3.1 所提供的原燃料化学成分中缺有害成分的资料，建议在下一阶段对拟采用的原燃材料进行化学全分析，以便对有害成份带来的影响作出评价。4.1.3.2 在生产初期建议使用烟煤以便于生产调试。为降低生产成本及综合利用资源，本设计考虑烟生产正常后掺入部分本地双河烟煤和鹤庆马厂无烟煤搭配使用。4.1.3.3 由于石灰石、砂岩、粘土矿未做地质勘察工作，本报告所采用的资料不够全面，建议业主尽快补做资源勘察工作。4.2 生产工艺4.2.1 生产方法根据国家经贸委关于印发建材工业“总量控制、结构调整”若干意见的通知和建材工业“支持发展日产2000吨水泥熟料及以上规模的新型干法生产线”的精神，本项目采用最先230、进的新型干法水泥生产工艺，建设一条日产2000吨硅酸盐水泥熟料的新型干法水泥生产线，并有达日产2200吨硅酸盐水泥熟料的目标。熟料煅烧设备采用4.060m回转窑与我院自行开发的CDC二代带五级旋风预热器和分解炉的预热预分解系统，熟料烧成热耗3178kJ/kg.cl（760kcal/kg.cl），烧成系统年运转310天。4.2.2 工厂规模与产品品种熟料：2000t/d，620,000t/aP.O52.5水泥：217,146 t/aP.O42.5水泥：506,675 t/a水泥合计：723,821t/a项目实施后，在实际生产中可根据市场需求调整产品结构，生产中热水泥、道路水泥等其它品种水泥。4.231、2.3 水泥袋、散装比例袋装：30，散装：70，但设计能力均各按100考虑，以满足不同形式集中供货的需求。4.2.4 物料平衡物料平衡见表4-6。 81 第四章 技术方案全厂物料平衡表表4-6天然干基生产每吨熟料消耗定额（kg/t）物料平衡量（t）物料名称水分配比损失干燥的含水的干燥的含天然水分的（%）（%）（%）理论实际实际每小时每天每年每小时每天每年石灰石1.0084.161.001270.141282.971295.93106.912565.95795443107.992591.86803478粘土18.009.571.00144.43145.89177.9112.16291.78904232、5114.83355.83110307砂岩8.004.951.0074.7175.4682.026.29150.92467856.84164.0450853尾铁矿3.001.321.0019.9220.1220.751.6840.25124761.7341.4912862生 料1509.2131.383153.23977500熟 料83.332000620000PO42.5用石膏5.05.01.0060.8564.053.474283.38258483.657187.7727209PO52.5用石膏5.05.01.0056.7559.731.488935.73110781.567337.621233、1661石膏合计4.96119.12369265.22125.3838869PO42.5用水淬渣20.012.01.00146.04182.558.3381200.116203510.4226250.1477544PO52.5用水淬渣20.06.01.0068.1085.121.786742.88132932.233453.6016617水淬渣合计10.12243.007532912.66303.7494161PO42.5普通水泥70.01.0068.101634.43506675PO52.5普通水泥30.01.0029.19700.47217146水泥合计100.097.292334.917234、23821烧成用煤10.03.00136.42140.64156.2711.7200281.288719713.0222312.5396885注：1.干生料烧失量：36.24 2.煤灰掺入量：3.773.回转窑运转率：84.93 （310d/a）4.燃料低位热值：23297.9kJ/kg (5572kcal/kg)5.熟料热耗：3178kJ/kg (760kcal/kg) 6.各品种水泥消耗熟料量：PO52.5 : 217146 t PO42.5 : 506675t 4.2.5 工艺设计原则和装备水平工艺设计以性能可靠、技术先进、节省投资、节能降耗为原则,以“国产化、低投资”、方便施工、加快工235、程进度为指导思想。工艺设计原则：设备选型贯彻生产可靠、技术先进、价格合理、节能降耗、重视环保的原则，确保生产线长期稳定、安全、高效运转。精心优化设计方案，降低投资，采用先进成熟的工艺技术和生产方法，使本项目投产后能尽快达产达标，取得良好的经济效益。装备水平：本项目全部采用国产化装备，并达到国内先进水平。优先选用引进技术、国内制造的节能设备，节省投资，获得最佳的投入产出比。露天化布置：为了节省基建投资，从当地气象条件的实际出发，在满足生产要求的条件下，将设备尽量露天化布置，既节约土建费用，也方便工厂在今后生产过程中进行设备维修。4.2.6 主机设备选型及主要生产设施配置4.2.6.1 石灰石破碎236、石灰石破碎拟选用PCF20.18单段锤式破碎机，该类型破碎机已在国内大、中型水泥厂广泛使用，适用于破碎中等强度的脆性矿石，入料粒度大，可一次性将大块原矿破碎到符合入磨粒度。此外，由于本机采用顺向排料篦子，对矿石中的水分和泥土有更强的适应性。本机具有特殊的进铁保护，对混入机内不能破碎的金属异物，将反弹到给料机上，操作人员可根据异样金属声停机处理。本机的工作原理是矿石由给料机正面喂入破碎机的进料口，被高速回转的转子上的锤头打击或抛起，被抛起的矿石撞击到反击板上受到进一步的破碎，同时在上腔内矿石之间相互碰撞也起到破碎作用。上述破碎过程还将继续在转子和破碎板之间进行，上腔完成粗破后，物料被转子带到下腔237、，在转子和篦板形成的工作区进一步破碎，直到能通过篦缝被排到机外。本项目石灰石破碎采用PCF20.18单段锤式破碎机，给料粒度100010001000mm，生产能力450t/h，年利用率20.38%。4.2.6.2 石灰石预均化本工程所用石灰石原料矿山质量有一定的波动，同时为充分利用矿产资源，减少剥离量，搭配使用不同品位的原料，解决覆盖土不均匀地混入造成的石灰石成分波动，增加矿山服务年限和降低入磨石灰石成份波动，本方案考虑设置预均化堆场。预均化堆场有矩形和圆形两种方式可供选择：圆形堆场为连续堆料、取料，堆料为环线连续布料，端面取料、中心卸料；矩形堆场则为一堆一取，直线连续布料，端面取料。矩形预均238、化堆场的优点是布料均匀，对周期长成分波动大的原料容易调整，对粘湿物料适用性强，易于设备的检修和维护，便于扩建；缺点是存在端堆效应，两个料堆之间的成分也存在差异，占地面积较大。圆形预均化堆场，其料堆内外圈有差异，物料分布较不均匀，但由于连续堆料和取料，没有端堆效应，均化效果能满足生产要求。在容量相同的条件下，圆形预均化堆场占地面积少，堆取料设备合二为一，设备投资降低3040%，操作方便，有利于自动控制。结合本工程实际情况考虑采用一座60m圆形预均化堆场，储存量10200t，储存期3.94d。4.2.6.3 砂岩破碎砂岩破碎考虑可以满足新建生产线和原有生产线的砂岩需求量，因此，砂岩破碎选用一台PC239、F1412锤式破碎机，最大给料粒度为600mm，出料粒度为70mm时，生产能力为90t/h，年利用率9.68%。4.2.6.4 粘土破碎粘土破碎考虑可以满足新建生产线和原有生产线的粘土需求量，因此，粘土破碎选用一台CJ2型12501000mm冲击式粘土碎机，最大给料粒度为800mm，出料粒度为30mm时，生产能力为90t/h，年利用率20.99%。4.2.6.5 联合预均化设置一座4372m侧堆侧取长型预均化堆场对进厂辅助原料进行预均化处理，粘土堆场为4336m，储存量6000t，储存期12.97d；砂岩堆场为4327m，储存量4800t，储存期22.51d；尾铁矿堆场为439m，储存量100240、0t，储存期18.54d。4.2.6.6 原煤破碎原煤破碎选用一台PCH0808环锤式破碎机用于原煤的破碎，当进料粒度200mm，出料粒度30mm时，生产能力75t/h，在原煤破碎机前设有波动筛煤机，小于筛孔尺寸的颗粒，可不进原煤破碎。4.2.6.7 煤预均化燃煤成分的波动对生产操作及熟料质量都有很大的影响，稳定烧成用煤的煤质、煤量，是能否生产优质熟料的关键之一。本项目由于使用原煤需要依靠外购，同时考虑采用烟煤与无烟煤搭配使用，质量无法控制，煤质波动较大，为减少煤质波动，设置一座矩型3980m预均化堆场对煤进行预均化处理，储存量23200t，储存期210.24d。4.2.6.8 生料粉磨对20241、00t/d生产线而言，生料粉磨有4.610+4m中卸烘干管磨系统和辊式生料磨系统两种方案可供选择。管磨系统工艺流程复杂、噪音大、设备多导致影响生产的环节多、能耗高、厂房占地面积大导致土建费用高，而且关键的是目前管磨系统一磨配一窑的难度极大，如果选用两套管磨粉磨系统，必将导致生料成分波动增加、质量控制难度加大。与管磨系统相比，辊式磨系统具有系统设备少,流程简单，土建费用低、电耗低、噪音小、烘干能力强、允许入磨物料粒度大等优点。辊式磨系统因其显著的节电优势已被广泛采用，尤其是在生产规模较大时，每年节省的电费更是可观。因此，在原料条件适宜的情况下，应优先考虑辊式磨方案。两种方案的技术经济对比见表4-242、7。生料粉磨系统方案比较表4-7磨机类型进口立磨国产立磨中卸管磨规格（m）4.610+4产量（t/h）190190180主电机功率（kW）180018003550循环风机功率（kW）160016001000系统装机功率（kW）35503550磨机设备重量（t）（不含传动、油站）345345352研磨体重量（t）无无191系统设备总重（t）613613727磨机设备购置（全套）（万元）25501350855其中：国外2200无无系统设备购置（全套）（万元）285015701135+134（球）建筑工程（万元）110110173安装工程（含非标）（万元）145145160总造价（万元）310518243、251602其中：国外2200系统电耗（kWh/t）151520年耐磨材料消耗（t）两年换一副耐磨衬两年换一副耐磨衬200注：1.按人民币计价，单位：万元。2.不含变配电的设备和给排水费用。从上述比较可以看出，管磨对原料适应性强，设备维护费用低，缺点是电耗较高、流程复杂。立式磨系统集粉磨、烘干、选粉等工序于一体，系统设备少，流程简单，易于管理维护，烘干能力强，单位产品的装机功率低于中卸磨方案，粉磨电耗低、节能优势明显、噪音小，对原料的水份、粒度的适应性强，是较理想的节能粉磨设备，立磨还可露天布置，厂房简单，占地面积小，土建费用低。另外立式磨允许入磨物料粒度大，增大入磨物料粒度将有利于增加石灰石244、破碎机的吃土能力和破碎能力，减少破碎机的年运行时间。因此，本项目推荐采用立磨方案。其技术参数为：入磨物料粒度70mm占98%，入磨水分8%，出磨粒度0.08mm筛余12%，系统产量190t/h，磨机年利用率56.73%。4.2.6.9 生料均化与储存本设计采用一座1548.5m IBAU型生料均化库，生料储量7620t，储存期2.42d。该库为集生料储存、均化、喂料于一体的连续式生料均化库，具有均化效果好、电耗低、系统简单、易操作管理等优点。在库底中心设有充气均化仓，库壁和中心室之间的环形区分为六个充气区，由六个流量控制阀门控制卸料量。卸料时，两对角区同时充气下料。每个卸料区在卸料过程中都形成245、漏斗状料流，切割料层，产生重力混合均化作用，保证出库生料的CaCO3标准偏差小于0.25%，系统均化值大于7。生料均化仓设在库底，集均化、喂料为一体，不再单独建设喂料楼，减少了占地，节省了投资。4.2.6.10 烧成系统熟料烧成采用一套五级CDC预分解系统、4.060m回转窑和第三代新型空气梁篦式冷却机等设备组成的窑外分解煅烧系统。日产熟料2000t，硅酸盐水泥熟料热耗3178kJ/kg（760kCal/kg.熟料），入窑生料的碳酸钙分解率大于92%。系统废气余热用于烘干原料和原煤，窑尾窑头废气净化处理采用袋收尘器，排出废气含尘浓度均在50mg/Nm3以下。（a） CNC型旋风预热器具有如下结246、构特点： 旋风筒采用三心270包角、大偏心的蜗壳形式，将气流平稳引入旋风筒，兼顾高效与低阻； 在C1锥体和涡壳中分别设有反射锥和导流板，减少系统外循环量； 旋风筒锥体部分设计成斜锥，减少因气流折向而造成锥体底部物料的二次飞扬； 进风口采用等角度变高度的切角五边形，顺应流体运动方向，减少进口气流与回流相撞，降低流体阻力损失，提高分离效率。 出风口设置“脉动”风管，避免低风速下物料短路，增强物料的分散和换热。（b） 第二代CDC分解炉充分考虑了炉内三维流场的合理性，使入窑前的物料表观分解率达到92%以上，对煤质的适应性强。其主要特点有以下几点： CDC分解炉采用喷腾流（窑气）与旋流（三次风）形成的247、复合流兼具喷腾流与旋流的特点，二者强度的合理配合促使物料在分解炉锥体处充分分散。 分解炉中部设置缩口，可以增大缩口下部物料的回流量并改善上部物料的分布，有利于延长物料停留时间。 在分解炉与C5之间设置较长的鹅颈管，补充分解炉功能，延长气体和物料的停留时间。 分解炉具备低氮功能。使燃料在氧含量低的窑气中燃烧，形成较强的还原气氛，促使NOx在还原气氛中还原为N2。第二代的CDC预热预分解系统总体结构设计合理：旋风预热器结构优化，系统阻力低，节能效果显著；分解炉具有较大炉容，物料停留时间长，适应煤质能力强。（c） 回转窑本工程回转窑采用4.060的回转窑，三挡支承，斜度3.5%，主电机功率315kW248、，直流调速。固定窑头罩采用大窑头罩设计，窑头罩内风速比较低，本身还起沉尘室的作用。设有两扇窑门，方便检修工作。窑头罩上设有三次风抽风口，这样可抽取较高温度的三次风供给预热器分解炉。（d） 空气梁篦冷机熟料冷却机采用新型第三代空气梁篦冷机LBTF2500，篦床有效面积为61.8m2，三段篦床，液压传动。出冷却机的熟料温度为环境温度65。第三代篦冷机，在熟料冷却、二、三次风温和炽热熟料在篦床上的均匀分布以及杜绝“吹穿”、“红河”、“雪人”现象等方面做了很大的改进，进一步改善稳定性、可操作性，改善热回收性能和提高热效率。与Fuller第二代篦冷机相比，每公斤熟料可节约热耗125170kJ，冷却空气量249、可减少2040%，具有单位篦床面积负荷高,篦床面积小，设备重量轻等优点；克服了老式篦冷机因冷机区域划分不够小，而存在的中向料层阻力分布不均，造成局部篦床过热损坏的缺点；篦板的高阻力性，增强了抗料层的稳定性；篦板的高穿透性，有利于料层内的气固换热，特别是能有效控制红细料的“红河”现象，增加了三次风温度,提高了热能回收。4.2.6.11 熟料储存及散装熟料储存采用2-1842m圆库，有效储存量为20000t，储存期10.0天。库底由扇形阀卸料，经胶带输送机输送至熟料配料仓。为方便熟料外运，库侧设置两套熟料汽车散装系统。4.2.6.12煤粉制备煤粉制备有辊式磨系统和风扫管磨系统两种方案可供选择，方案250、对比见表4-8。煤粉制备系统方案比较表4-8序号比较内容辊式磨风扫式管磨1规格ZGM80DG2.8（53）m2生产能力(t/h)22203煤粉细度（80m筛筛余）810%810%4入磨粒度(mm)30255烘干能力强较强6磨机功率(kW)2805007总装机容量（kW）108212008单位产品装机容量(kW/t)49.18609噪音低高10工程总投资高低辊式磨虽具有较强的烘干能力，系统操作简单，粉磨效率高，工艺流程简单，电耗低等特点；但是风扫式球磨机具有耐用、可靠、对煤质适应性强、操作维护简便、投资省等优点。结合本项目实际情况选用ZGM80DG辊式磨，当入磨粒度40mm，煤粉细度为80m筛筛251、余810%，入磨水分10%，出磨水分0.5%时，生产能力为22t/h，年利用率45.25%。利用窑头篦冷机热风作为磨机烘干热源。4.2.6.13 石膏破碎采用一台PFC1609锤式破碎机破碎进厂石膏，当入料粒度600mm、出料粒度25mm时,生产能力为5070t/h，年利用率8.87%。4.2.6.14 水淬渣烘干采用一台2.418.35回转式烘干机对水淬渣进行烘干，当初水分20，终水分10时,生产能力为20t/h，年利用率53.75%。4.2.6.15 水泥粉磨水泥粉磨系统形式较多，对于较大规模的水泥厂，目前采用的粉磨系统主要有：管磨机与高效选粉机组成的一级闭路粉磨系统、辊压机V型选粉机+管252、磨机系统组成的联合粉磨工艺系统等，两种方案。闭路球磨系统工艺流程简单，操作容易，便于维护和管理，但电耗较高。辊压机V型选粉机+管磨机的联合粉磨系统，工艺先进，生产效率高，能耗低。V型选粉机使分选气流在选粉机中作“V”型折向运动，通过简单的处理过程对辊压机的出料实施打散、烘干和预分选，作为静态分选设备，其结构非常简单；由于没有运动部件，V型选粉机可运转多年不需检修。该生产工艺因V型选粉机与新型辊压机的使用，同等产量下大幅降低了系统装机容量，节能效果非常明显。辊压机作为一种新型的粉磨设备，与其它粉磨设备相比（如球磨机等），做功的集中程度最高、能量利用率最大、节能效果最好。辊压机作为预粉磨和半终粉磨253、过程的主机设备，由于其节能优势和高运转率的特点，在我国的水泥行业得到迅速的普及应用。与闭路球磨系统相比，联合粉磨系统每生产1t水泥可节电8kWh，一次性投资联合粉磨系统虽然比闭路球磨系统贵，但一年多即可收回投资。我院在浙江江山和云南壮山的水泥粉磨系统改造中使用该联合粉磨流程，从使用情况看，云南壮山原配备3.411m管磨+N-1500选粉机闭路粉磨系统，磨机产量为45吨，单位产品电耗39kWh，改造后磨机生产PO42.5普硅水泥产量8590t/h，生产能力翻了一番，单位产品下降为电耗29kWh，每吨水泥可节电约10度，节能效果十分显著，设备运行稳定。根据江山、壮山的实践经验，辊压机对矿渣的敏感性254、较强，当矿渣掺量小于5%时，表4-10中系统的生产能力为125t/h，当矿渣掺量达到11%时，该系统的生产能力约为115t/h，当矿渣掺量达到29.2%时，该系统的生产能力约为85t/h。结合本工程的实际情况，原有一台水泥磨的能力存在富裕，因此本工程水泥粉磨拟采用一套CDG140-80辊压机+V型选粉机+3.811m球磨机+O-SepaN-3000选粉机组成的联合粉磨系统。根据各水泥品种的比例，该系统综合生产能力为105t/h，磨机年利用率为62.96%。4.2.6.16 水泥储存及散装设4座IBAU型储存兼均化1545m圆形水泥库，总储量20000t，储期10.71d，为方便水泥散装，库底设255、有4套汽车散装系统。4.2.6.17 水泥包装及成品库选用2套回转式八嘴包装机包装出库水泥，每套包装能力为90t/h，年利用率36.72%（按100%包装计）。成品库2478，储量2500吨。储存期1.34天。4.2.7 生产工艺设计的特点设备选型贯彻生产可靠、技术先进、价格合理、节能降耗、重视环保的原则，确保生产线长期稳定、安全、高效运转。精心优化设计方案，降低投资，采用先进成熟的工艺技术和生产方法，使本项目投产后能尽快达标达产，取得良好的经济效益。装备水平：关键设备如包装机、库底流量调节阀、窑头及分解炉燃烧器等采用进口设备；其余采用九十年代末国内开发和引进国外先进技术、国内转化制造的节能设256、备，达到目前国内先进水平。露天化布置：为了节省基建投资，从当地气象条件的实际情况出发，在满足生产要求的条件下，将设备尽量露天化布置，既节约土建费用，又省掉了一些利用率很低的检修设备，方便设备的检修维护。4.2.7.1 设备选型的主要特点如下：a. 选用本院开发的第二代改进型CDC预热预分解系统。b. 熟料冷却采用第三代充气梁篦式冷却机，具有单位面积冷却能力大、单位熟料冷却风量少、出料温度低、二、三次风温高设备重量轻等优点。c. 生料入库和窑尾生料入窑均采用机械输送，可节省大量的电耗。d. 工艺生产线上物料重量计量水平先进。采用了定量给料机、菲斯特秤、电子皮带秤等。e. 各扬尘点均按照各自的特点257、设有性能先进的除尘器。4.2.7.2 优化设计主要特点如下：a. 设备露天化布置：为了节省基建投资，从当地气象条件的实际情况出发，在满足生产要求的条件下，将设备尽量露天化布置，既节省土建费用，省掉了一些利用率很低的检修设备，又有利于设备的检修维护。b. 生料磨采用立磨：立磨具有系统设备少、流程简单、土建费用低、电耗低、噪音小、烘干能力强、入磨物料粒度大等特点。c. 总图布置尽量利用地形。d. 生料入窑计量仓：充分利用均化库库底倒锥结构形式，生料计量仓设在生料均化库底，既可节省投资，又减少电耗。e. 窑尾、生料均化库和生料磨废气处理之间布置紧凑，热风管道短，减少了热量损失和节省基建投资。4.2.258、8 全厂主机设备工艺主机设备见表4-10。主机设备表表4-10序号项目名称设备名称、规格及技术性能生产能力（t/h）台数年利用率(%)备注1石灰石破碎重型板式喂料机规格：B200011500给料粒：110011001150mm功率：60 kW设备重量：116t200-800120.38单段锤式破碎机型号：PCF20.18给料粒度：100010001000mm功率：630 kW设备重量：89t450120.382石灰石预均化堆场堆料机形式：回转式悬臂堆料机堆料层数：401层堆料半径：16.25m堆料角度：38500120.38取料机形式：端面取料刮板宽度：1200 mm设备重量： 100t总装机259、容量：180 kW300130.573粘土破碎及输送冲击式粘土破碎机型号：CJ2转子直径宽度：12501000 mm最大进料粒度：800mm出料粒度（筛余10）：030mm物料水分：25%电机功率：75kW60-90120.99*4砂岩破碎及输送反击式破碎机型号：PCF1412转子直径：1250 mm进料粒度：600 mm出料粒度：70 mm电机功率：132kW909.68*5辅助原料预均化堆料机形式：悬臂侧式悬臂长度：17.5m堆料角度：38150113.24取料机形式：悬臂侧取式刮板型号：CQ130/23刮板臂长度：23 m 取料机构：轨距4m行走速度：0.22m/min130115.28260、6原煤破碎环锤式破碎机型号：PCH-0808进料粒度：200mm出料粒度：30mm电机功率：45kW75114.757煤预均化堆场侧式悬臂堆料机悬臂长度：17.5m堆料角度：3815017.37桥式刮板取料机轨距：26m总装机容量：90 kW80113.828生料粉磨立磨入磨水分：8%入磨粒度：70mm占98%出磨水分：0.5%出磨粒度：0.08mm筛余12%电机功率：1850kW190158.73国产选粉机型号：SLS3750电机功率：75kW158.73循环风机处理风量：450000m3/h全压：11000Pa电机功率：1800kW158.739窑磨废气处理高温风机处理风量：580000m261、3/h全压：7500Pa电机功率：1600kW184.93增湿塔规格：8.534m处理风量：580000m3/h喷水量：8-26t/h1窑尾袋收尘器处理风量：580000m3/h工作温度：200进口浓度：100g/Nm3出口浓度：50mg/Nm31废气风机处理风量：620000m3/h全压：3500Pa电机功率：900kW110窑尾五级旋风预热器及分解炉系统C1：2-4700mmC2：1-6700mmC3：1-6700mmC4：1-7300mmC5：1-7300mm分解炉：5600m83.33184.9311窑中回转窑规格：460m 斜度：3.5%转速：0.40-4.05r/min电机功率：3262、15kW(DC)83.33184.9312窑头熟料冷却篦冷机篦床有效面积：61.8m2出料温度：环境温度+6583.33184.93窑头废气处理窑头袋收尘器处理风量：380000m3/h工作温度：150进口浓度：80g/Nm3出口浓度：50mg/Nm3184.93废气风机处理风量：400000m3/h全压：3500Pa电机功率：630kW184.9313煤粉制备立磨入料水分：10%入料粒度：40mm出磨水分：0.5%出磨粒度：0.08mm筛余8-10%主电机功率：355kW22145.2514水淬渣烘干烘干机规格：2.418.35m 斜度：4.0%转速：0.40-4.0r/min电机功率：45263、kW(DC)20153.7513石膏破碎锤式破碎机型号：PFC-1609最大进料粒度：600 mm出料粒度：25 mm转子转速：745 r/min电机功率：132 kW507018.8716水泥粉磨辊压机型号：CDG 140-80辊子规格：1400800 mm电机功率：2560kW105162.96V型选粉机选粉风量：165000 m3/h1球磨机规格：3.811 m比表面积：3400cm2/g生产能力：105 t/h主电机功率: 2240 kW1循环风机进口流量：165000 m3/h全压：3000 Pa电机功率：220 kW1选粉机型号：O-Sepa N-3000风量：3000 m3/mi264、n主电机功率：132 kW1气箱脉冲袋收尘器处理风量：180000 m3/h进口含尘浓度：1000 g/Nm3出口含尘浓度：30 mg/Nm31排风机处理风量：195000 m3/h全压：5800 Pa电机功率：450 kW117水泥包装八嘴回转式包装机计量精度：+0.3kg90236.7218空压机站螺杆式空压机排气量：20m3/min排气压力：0.8MPa电机功率：132kW884.934.2.9 全厂物料储存生产车间储库一览表见表4-11。生产车间储库一览表表4-11序号物料名称储 库 形 式储存量(t)储存期(d)备注1石灰石1-60m预均化堆场102003.941-815m配料仓89265、00.342砂 岩1-612m配料仓3001.83预均化堆场25x27m480022.51考虑一线堆棚300018.293粘 土1-612m配料仓2700.76预均化堆场25x36m600012.97考虑一线堆棚600016.864尾铁矿1-612m配料仓3007.23预均化堆场259m100018.54考虑一线堆棚180043.385生 料1-1548.5m均化库76202.426熟 料616.5m配料仓4500.22*2-1842m熟料库20000107原 煤堆棚2480m540017.17预均化堆场3980m23200210.248水淬渣堆棚1830m210016.75616.5m配料仓266、2701.04*9石 膏露天堆场1840m250019.94616.5m配料仓4003.75*10水 泥4-1545m圆库2000010.71*2478m成品库25001.34*注：上表带*储期以普硅水泥PO42.5计。4.2.10 车间工作班制厂区生产车间工作制度见表4-12。生产车间工作制度表4-12序号车间名称工作制度班制工作制度(h/dd/w)1石灰石破碎不连续周1862石灰石预均化堆场堆料不连续周186石灰石预均化堆场取料连 续 周32473砂岩破碎不连续周1754粘土破碎不连续周1755石膏破碎不连续周1756联合预均化堆场堆料不连续周276联合预均化堆场取料连 续 周32477原267、煤破碎不连续周1658原煤预均化堆场堆料不连续周165原煤预均化堆场取料连 续 周32479原料配料库及输送连 续 周324710生料粉磨连 续 周324711窑磨废气处理系统连 续 周324712生料均化库及窑喂料连 续 周324713烧成系统连 续 周324714窑头熟料冷却及输送连 续 周324715熟料储存连 续 周324716煤粉制备连 续 周324717水淬渣烘干连 续 周224718水泥粉磨连 续 周324719水泥包装不连续周212720空压机站连 续 周32474.2.11 工艺流程简述4.2.11.1 石灰石破碎及输送石灰石破碎站设在厂区，采用单段破碎系统。其工艺流程为：矿268、区开采的石灰石由汽车直接倒运至卸料仓，也可卸入露天堆场堆放，再由装载机倒运至破碎站内的石灰石料仓，经仓下可调速的重型板式给料机喂入PCF20.18锤式破碎机进行破碎，当进料粒度110011001000mm，出料粒度65mm，破碎机能力为450t/h，年利用率20.38%。破碎后的石灰石矿石由出料带式输送机送入一座60m圆形预均化堆场储存。车间内设有气箱脉冲袋收尘器，抽取破碎机及带式输送机下料处的含尘气体，经收尘器净化后的气体由排风机排入大气。4.2.11.2 石灰石预均化及输送设计一座60m石灰石圆形预均化堆场，用于进厂石灰石的均化及储存，储存量10200t，储存期3.94d。带式输送机送至预269、均化堆场中心的石灰石，由悬臂堆料皮带机进行连续人字形堆料，由刮板取料机横切取料。皮带机堆料能力为500t/h，年利用率20.38%。取料机能力为300t/h，年利用率30.57%。预均化后的石灰石从堆场中心漏斗卸出，经带式输送机输送至8m石灰石配料库。堆场内下部设有备用卸料坑，由棒闸控制。当堆场检修或取料机发生故障时，可由此旁路暂时卸料。为避免粉尘污染，各带式输送机下料处均设有袋收尘器处理含尘气体，净化后的气体由风机排入大气。4.2.11.3 砂岩破碎及输送砂岩由汽车运入厂区，由汽车直接卸入卸料仓，也可卸入堆棚内堆放，再由装载机倒运至破碎站内的砂岩料仓，经仓下可调速的板式给料机喂入PCF141270、2锤式破碎机进行破碎，当进料粒度600mm，出料粒度70 mm时，生产能力90 t/h。破碎机年利用率9.68。破碎后的砂岩经带式输送机输送至辅助原料联合预均化堆场。4.2.11.3 粘土破碎及辅料输送粘土由汽车运入厂区，由汽车直接卸入卸料仓，也可卸入堆棚内堆放，再由装载机倒运至破碎站内的砂岩料仓，经仓下可调速的板式给料机喂入CJ2型12501000mm冲击式粘土碎机，最大给料粒度为800mm，出料粒度为30mm时，生产能力为90t/h，年利用率20.99%。破碎后的粘土经带式输送机输送至辅助原料联合预均化堆场。尾铁矿由汽车运入厂区，由汽车直接卸入卸料仓，也可卸入堆棚内堆放，再由装载机倒运至尾271、铁矿料仓，经带式输送机输送至辅助原料联合预均化堆场。4.2.11.4 联合预均化及输送设置一座4372m侧堆侧取长型预均化堆场对进厂辅助原料进行预均化处理，粘土堆场为4336m，储存量6000，储存期12.97d；砂岩堆场为4327m，储存量4800，储存期22.51d；尾铁矿堆场为439m，储存量1000，储存期18.54d。粘土、砂岩、尾铁矿进入堆场后，由一台侧式悬臂堆料机在堆场内来回运动进行分层人字形堆料，堆好的物料由一台侧式刮板取料机取出后经带式输送机送入各自原料配料站储存。4.2.11.5原料配料及输送配料站设一座815m和三座612m带称重传感器的钢仓，分别储存石灰石、粘土、砂岩、272、尾铁矿，石灰石、粘土、砂岩、尾铁矿仓储量分别为890t、270t、300t、300t；储存期分别为0.34d、0.76d、1.83d、7.23d。仓下设定量给料机喂料，用于配料的石灰石、粘土、砂岩、尾铁矿分别由库底调速定量给料机按设定比例卸出，经带式输送机送至生料磨。为了防止仓内物料下料不畅，在石灰石仓下设有板式喂料机，强制卸料。由在线分析仪和微机组成的质量控制系统，可自动分析入磨原料成份，并根据分析结果和目标值对比自动调节定量给料机控制各原料的喂料量，确保出磨生料成份合格。4.2.11.6生料粉磨按设定比例配合后的原料经磨头三道闸门锁风阀进入生料磨内粉磨，生料磨采用带有外循环、集烘干和粉磨、273、选粉于一体的辊式磨系统，利用窑尾废气作为烘干热源。原料在磨机内的磨盘上，被磨辊碾压粉碎成细粉，并被通入磨内的热风烘干。当入磨粒度70mm占98%，入磨水分8%，出磨水分0.5%，成品细度为0.08mm筛筛余12%时，生产能力为190t/h，年利用率58.73%。磨内粉磨后的物料被上升的热气流带起，经磨内上部的选粉机分选后，合格的生料粉随热气流逸出立磨。通过调节选粉机转子的速度来控制生料成品的细度。出磨的高浓度含尘气体随后进入旋风分离器，进行料气分离。收下的成品经生料入库输送系统中的空气输送斜槽、提升机送入生料库内。出旋风分离器的气体经过循环风机后，一部分废气作为循环风重新回到磨内，其余的含尘气274、体则进入窑、磨废气处理系统。生料磨设有外循环，即由生料磨吐出的外循环物料经振动胶带输送机、提升机送至小仓，经电子皮带秤计量后入磨重新粉磨。系统采用外循环，可降低立磨内风环风速，从而减少了系统能耗、增加系统产量。为了保证辊式磨安全运转，在入磨皮带机上设有电磁除铁器和金属探测器，防止铁块等金属进入磨内。若金属探测器探测到原料中有金属，立即由设在胶带输送机头部的气动三通排向旁路卸出。系统烘干热源来自窑尾高温风机排出的部分废气。4.2.11.7 窑、磨废气处理从窑尾预热器出来的高温废气先经8.534m增湿塔作降温调质处理，降至适宜温度以满足生料烘干或窑尾袋收尘器工作温度的要求。正常生产情况下，出窑尾的275、高温废气经增湿塔、窑尾高温风机后，全部流向生料制备系统作为烘干热源。出生料粉磨系统循环风机的含尘废气经过窑尾袋收尘器净化处理后，经烟囱排入大气。由袋收尘器、增湿塔收下的粉尘，经链运机、空气输送斜槽，随同合格生料一起由提升机送进生料均化库内，或由链运机、提升机与出库生料一起直接入窑。生料磨停开而烧成系统运转时，出窑尾的高温废气经增湿塔降温处理后，经高温风机、生料粉磨系统的循环风管，直接流向窑尾袋收尘器。此时，这条循环风管成为由预热器直通收尘器的旁路风管。为保护袋收尘器的滤袋不受损伤，进袋收尘器前的管道上设有冷风阀，以确保入袋收尘器的气体温度不超过210。当增湿塔工作不正常，或生产中需大幅度降低废276、气温度，收下的窑灰水分过大时，增湿塔下面的螺旋输送机可反转将湿窑灰排出。在系统布置上，窑、磨废气处理系统与生料磨和预热器塔架呈环状矩形布置，排废气的钢烟囱依附在预热器塔架上，不但布置紧凑、占地少，而且废气管道短，节省投资。4.2.11.8 生料均化及窑尾喂料系统设置一座储量为7620吨（有效储期2.42d）的1548.5m伊堡（IBAU）均化库储存、均化生料。从生料磨来的合格生料由提升机送至均化库顶，经库顶生料分配器分流后呈放射状从库顶多点下料，使库内料层几乎呈水平状分层堆放，库内分六个卸料区，出料则由库底充气系统分区供给松动空气，竖向取料后进入库底混合室。卸料时，向两个相对的料区充气，生料受277、气力松动并在重力作用下在各卸料点上方形成小漏斗流，生料在自上而下的流动过程中进行重力混合的同时，分别由各个卸料区卸出进入搅拌仓进行搅拌，在流动过程中进行着径向混合，进入搅拌仓的生料在充气的作用下再获得一次流态化混合，均化后的合格生料经仓下冲板流量计计量后用斜槽和斗式提升机直接喂入窑尾的单系列五级旋风预热器的一、二级旋风筒之间的上升管道中。库底计量仓上带有荷重传感器、充气装置。计量仓内料面的波动将直接影响冲出仓的流量阀物料的稳定，因此根据计量仓的荷重传感器计的仓重信号来调节出库的流量阀，以使仓内维持一个稳定的料面，通过冲板流量计测量出的流量，调节流量阀以实现喂料量的调节。称重仓设有两个出料口。一278、个正常的生料入窑计量出料口；第二个是生料入窑备用出料口。入窑尾提升机前设有取样器，通过对出库生料的取样、制样分析，来实现对烧成系统的操作指导。均化所用高压空气由库底罗茨风机提供。4.2.11.9 窑尾预分解及熟料煅烧系统熟料烧成采用一套单列五级CDC预分解系统、4.060m回转窑和第三代新型空气梁篦式冷却机等设备组成的窑外分解煅烧系统。熟料烧成热耗3178kJ/kg.cl，日产水泥熟料2000t（最大可达2200t），年运转率84.93%。来自均化库的合格生料计量后进入预热器，逐级预热进入分解炉，预分解后的生料进入回转窑内煅烧。分解炉所用的三次风来自窑头罩；为了达到良好的煅烧操作和保证熟料质量279、的稳定，窑头煤粉燃烧器采用多通道喷煤管，具有一次风用量少、风煤混合充分、火焰易调整、对劣质煤适应性强等优点，有利于提高熟料质量，降低烧成热耗。为防止预热器系统结皮堵塞，除在旋风筒下设有膨胀仓外,还配有独特的自动控制喷吹系统以及必要的空气炮，以保证预热器系统的正常运行。出预热器气体经窑尾高温风机排出，进入生料磨作为烘干热源。熟料冷却采用第三代充气梁式篦冷机，篦床有效面积为61.8m2，冷却能力2500t/d，熟料出冷却机的温度为环境温度+65。为破碎大块熟料，冷却机出口处设有锤式破碎机，保证出冷却机熟料粒度25mm。出篦冷机的熟料经链斗输送机送至熟料库。出篦冷机高温废气一部分作为窑用二次空气入窑280、；一部分由三次风管送到分解炉作为燃烧空气；另一部分送入煤磨作为烘干热源；剩余废气经窑头多管冷却器降温后，进入袋收尘器净化处理后排入大气。多管冷却器、袋收尘器收下的粉尘经链运机送到熟料链斗机上入熟料库。4.2.11.10 熟料储存熟料储存设置2-1842m圆库，总储量20000t，储期10.0d；熟料由库底喂料设备卸出后，经带式输送机送入水泥粉磨磨头仓。为方便熟料外运，储存库侧设有两套熟料散装系统。4.2.11.11 煤粉制备原煤经磨头原煤仓下皮带秤计量，喂入立磨进行烘干和粉磨，烘干用热风来自窑头热废气。出磨煤粉由煤磨专用高浓度防爆袋收尘器收集，收下的煤粉送入煤粉仓，煤粉仓下设有2台环状天平秤，281、一台计量去窑头煤粉，另一台计量去分解炉煤粉。至窑头的煤粉直接用罗茨风机输送，送入分解炉的煤粉则采用F-K泵输送。经袋收尘器收尘净化后的气体排入大气。为保证系统的安全运转,煤粉制备系统设置有严格的安全措施，如防爆阀、CO2灭火系统、消防水系统等。4.2.11.12 石膏破碎及输送设一台PFC1609锤式破碎机用于石膏破碎，当进料粒度 0.92全厂年耗电量：66,850,000 kwh综合电耗约：95 kwh/t4.4.1.4 供配电系统 总降压站厂区内建35kV/10kV总降压站一座，内设一台16MV，35kV/10kV主变压器。总降压站建筑形式采用户内双层布置。总降压站35kV配电设备布置在二282、层平面。10kV开关柜及电容器柜布置在底层平面。控制室内安装有监控计算机、直流电源柜、交流配电柜等设备。10kV开关柜采用单母线接线方式，总降压站10kV中压采用放射式向各电气室供电。总降压站操作电源选用100Ah/220VDC免维护蓄电池。总降压站供配电系统继电保护采用微机综合自动保护装置，保护装置具有保护、测量、监控、报警、通讯功能。设在控制室的保护装置用监控计算机，可对总降压站进线、主变压器及各馈线的电气参数进行监视及对配电设备进行带权限的分闸/合闸操作，可对配电回路的各种电气参数，故障状态进行监视、记录、打印；当保护动作或发生故障时可在监控计算机上显示开关跳闸的性质和故障类型以及故障录283、波画面，操作人员可根据显示的内容及时分析，排除故障。通过与中央控制室的联网，中控室可对总降压站的各种电气参数，故障状态进行监视、记录、打印。 电气室根据工艺流程及负荷分布情况，全厂设：原料电气室、生料磨及窑尾电气室、窑头电气室、水泥磨电气室、包装电气室。各电气室分别安装10kV开关柜、车间变压器、低压配电柜、计算机控制系统I/O现场站。各电气室根据需要设置免维护直流电源装置，提供电气室10kV配电柜操作控制电源。各电气室供电范围如下：原料电气室：石灰石破碎及输送，石灰石预均化及输送，粘土破碎及输送，砂岩破碎及输送，辅助原料联合预均化堆场，原料配料及输送，循环水泵房。生料磨及窑尾电气室：原料配料284、及输送，生料粉磨，生料均化及窑尾喂料；窑尾，窑磨废气处理，窑中，空压机站。窑头电气室：窑头，熟料冷却及输送，窑头废气处理，熟料库顶；原煤破碎及输送，原煤预均化及输送，煤粉制备，中央化验室。水泥磨电气室：熟料库底，水泥粉磨，水泥库顶，石膏混合材破碎及输送，矿渣烘干；空压机站。包装电气室：水泥库底，水泥包装及成品库。4.4.1.5 无功功率补偿本工程供配电系统功率因数补偿分就地补偿、集中补偿两种方式。容量大于630kW的中压电机采用单机就地补偿，其电容补偿柜放在相应的电气室或机旁，尽可能减少厂区配电线路损耗。各电气室0.4kV侧采用集中补偿，其电容补偿柜放在电气室内，根据低压负荷的变化情况分组自动285、投入或切除补偿电容，使变压器低压侧的功率因数达到0.92以上。总降压站10KV侧设集中中压自动补偿，根据全厂负荷的变化情况自动投入或切除补偿电容，保证本工程总降压站35kV进线侧的功率因数大于0.92，以满足供电部门的要求。4.4.1.6 电力拖动 电动机型式及其起动调速装置 无变速要求的低压鼠笼型电动机，一般采用直接起动，经计算起动时间过长，起动压降超过规定时，采用软启动器起动。篦冷机、选粉机、板喂机等需调速的低压鼠笼型电动机采用变频器调节速度。中压鼠笼型电动机，采用直接起动；中压绕线型电动机，采用液体电阻器起动。回转窑主传动采用直流调速装置调节速度。窑尾高温风机采用液力耦合器调节速度。 电286、动机的保护装置10kV电动机：采用微机综合自动保护装置采集电压、电流参数并完成速断、反时限过电流、低电压、接地保护；2000kW以上电动机设差动保护。380V电动机：短路保护采用自动开关的电磁脱扣器，过负荷及缺相保护采用适用于电动机保护的热继电器。4.4.1.7 控制水平及控制方式主生产线从石灰石破碎到水泥包装采用计算机控制系统在中央控制室及现场站操作和控制。由控制系统控制的每一台电气设备，在机旁均设置按钮盒或控制箱，并装有控制方式选择开关，设有集中、零位、机旁三种控制方式。在集中控制方式时，由控制系统进行程序逻辑控制。根据工艺流程及设备保护的要求，将电气设备分为若干组，各组内电气设备按设定的287、时间间隔联锁起动或停车。各设备的运行状态、备妥状态、故障状态均可在中控室控制系统操作站上显示。在机旁控制方式时，可在机旁单机起、停设备，以利于单机试车。在零位时，集中和机旁方式均不能开车，以确保检修设备时人身安全。4.4.1.8 电缆敷设本工程室外电缆采用电缆桥架敷设，车间内电缆则根据实际情况采用电缆沟、电缆桥架、穿保护管相结合的敷设方式。4.4.1.9 照明生产车间的照明与动力共用变压器，采用中性点接地的380V/220V系统。检修照明根据工作环境一般采用24V移动式照明变压器。照明灯具选型原则：一般车间照明采用配照型或广照型节能灯具，高大厂房则采用卤素灯与高压钠灯混合照明；中央控制室、化验288、室、电气室、办公楼等采用荧光灯照明；煤磨厂房的照明选用符合Q-2级防爆要求的防爆灯具；厂区道路照明采用单侧排列或双侧排列的高效节能灯，按时间自动控制开启（亦可手动控制）。4.5.1.10 防雷和接地建构筑物防雷接地根据国家规范进行设计，总降压站按二类防雷设计，设独立避雷针保护；其余建构筑物按三类防雷设计，高度在15米及以上的建构筑物采用避雷网保护。接地装置优先采用自然接地体，在自然接地体不能满足规程要求时外加人工接地体。35kV、10kV系统采用接地保护，0.4kV系统采用接零保护(TN-C-S)。计算机控制系统接地以保证系统安全可靠运行为目的(按设备厂家的要求设置)。4.4.2 自动化4.4289、.2.1 设计原则为满足现代化水泥生产线的工艺要求，保证工艺设备可靠运行，稳定工艺参数，保证产品质量，节约能源，提高生产线的运转率。本工程采用技术先进，性能可靠的分布式计算机控制系统（以下简称DCS），对主生产线集中监视、操作和分散控制，可有效提高电控设备的可靠性和可维护性，实现控制、监视、操作的现代化。通过中控室操作站与工厂管理计算机的网络连接，使管理人员可随时掌握工厂的实际情况，实现管理现代化。4.4.2.2 计算机控制系统配置系统由现场控制站，高速通信网络，数据服务器和操作站四部分组成。控制范围为石灰石破碎至水泥包装的整个生产线。全厂设中央控制室。监控系统采用服务器/客户机方式。全厂设6290、个现场控制站、中控室设4台操作站、一台编程站（运行时兼服务器）、一台服务器。根据生产车间的布置情况，系统的高速通信网络采用星形网络结构。为便于日后系统扩展，网络必须有很高的传输速度和开放性良好的通信协议，网络传输协议定为以太网。为保证控制系统通信网络的可靠和便于维护，网络通信介质采用光纤通信电缆。原料电气室、生料磨及窑尾电气室、窑头电气室、水泥磨电气室10kV配电柜采用微机保护装置，根据需要微机保护装置可将配电柜的运行参数及保护数据送入DCS控制系统供中控室操作站监控。中央控制室设15kVA的UPS电源一套，供中控室操作站用，保证生产线的数据不会因掉电而丢失。 现场控制站现场控制站完成现场信号的采集，完成工艺设备电机的顺序逻辑控制，完成工艺过程参数的监测及过程回路的自动调节等，并通过通信网络与操作站及其它现场站进行数据通讯。在各现场控制站设UPS一套，供现场控制站使用。各现场控制站的控制范围为：一号现场控制站设在原料电气室内，控制范围为石灰石破碎及输送，石