1、目录第一章 砼钢材的物理力学性质指标1第一节 砼的物理力学性质指标1一、砼强度标准值（N/mm2）1二、砼强度设计值（N/mm2）1三、砼弹性模量（104N/mm2）1第二节钢筋的物理力学性质指标2一、普通钢筋强度标准值、设计值2二、预应力钢筋强度标准值、设计值2三、钢筋弹性模量（105N/mm2）3四、钢绞线公称直径、截面面积、理论重量3五、钢筋公称直径、截面面积、理论重量4第三节 水泥搅拌桩物理力学指标5一、水泥土抗剪强度与抗压强度关系表5二、水泥土的变形模量5三、水泥土抗压强度6四、水泥土龄期与抗压强度的关系6第二章 基坑规范摘录7一、基坑变形控制值7二、锚杆安全系数7三、支护结构基底摩2、擦系数7四、岩土与锚固体间的粘结强度8五、锚管、锚杆水平刚度系数9六、圆桩配筋表10七、基坑支护设计的基本概念12第三章 型钢钢管截面面积及单位重量15第一节 水、煤气输送钢管（YB234-63）15第二节 电焊钢管（YB242-63）16第三节 热扎无缝钢管(YB231-70)19第四节 槽钢23第五节 工字钢24第六节 等边角钢25第四章 岩土工程地质参数26第一节 岩石分类26第二节 地质年代表28第三节 土的物理性质指标29第五节 广东省常见土质的物理力学性质指标经验值30第五章 常用灌浆材料配制31第一节 浆材配制计算公式31第二节 粘土浆材配制34第三节 水泥、水玻璃浆材配制36第3、六章 常用计算公式和计量单位38第一节 常用计算公式38一、体积38二、钢管砼竖向承载力设计值38第二节 常用法定计量单位与法定计量单位的关系39第三节 灌浆压力换算关系45第七章 坝基帷幕的建议防渗标准46第一节 试段透水率计算46第二节 渗透系数计算46第三节 试段透水率与单位吸水量的关系47第四节 岩土渗透性分级表48第五节 岩石帷幕防渗标准48第一章 砼钢材的物理力学性质指标摘自混凝土结构设计规范GB 50010-2002。第一节 砼的物理力学性质指标一、砼强度标准值（N/mm2）强度种类符号砼 强 度 等 级C7.5C10C15C20C25C30C35C40C45C50C55C60C4、65C70C75C80轴心抗压fck56.71013.416.720.123.426.829.632.435.538.541.544.547.450.2抗 拉ftk0.750.91.271.541.782.012.202.392.512.642.742.852.932.993.053.11二、砼强度设计值（N/mm2）强度种类符号砼 强 度 等 级C7.5C10C15C20C25C30C35C40C45C50C55C60C65C70C75C80轴心抗压fc3.75.07.29.611.914.316.719.121.123.125.327.529.731.833.835.9抗 拉ft0.5505、.650.911.11.271.431.571.711.81.891.962.042.092.142.182.22注:1、计算现浇砼轴心受压及偏心受压构件时,如截面的边长或直径小于300时,则表中强度设计值乘以系数0.8。三、砼弹性模量（104N/mm2）砼强度等级C7.5C10C15C20C25C30C35C40C45C50C55C60C65C70C75C80EC1.451.752.202.552.803.003.153.253.353.453.553.603.653.703.753.80说明：C7.5、C10砼的力学指标摘自GBJ 10-89。第二节 钢筋的物理力学性质指标一、普通钢筋强度6、标准值、设计值种 类符号FykfyFy热轧钢筋HPB 235（Q235）235210210HRB 335（20MnSi）335300300HRB 400（20MnSiV、20MnSiNb、20MnTi）O400360360RRB 400（K20MNSI） OR400360360注：Fyk强度标准值 fy抗拉强度设计值 Fy 抗压强度设计值二、预应力钢筋强度标准值、设计值种 类符号FptkFpyFpy钢绞线13s186013203901720122015701110171860132039017201220消除应力钢丝光 面螺旋肋pH177012504101670118015701110刻 痕I7、15701110410热处理钢 筋40Si2MnHT1470104040048Si2Mn45SiCr三、钢筋弹性模量（105N/mm2）种 类EsHPB 235级钢筋2.1HRB335级钢筋、HRB400级钢筋、RRB400级钢筋、热处理钢筋2.0消除应力钢丝（光面钢丝、螺旋肋钢丝、刻痕钢丝）2.05钢绞线1.95四、钢绞线公称直径、截面面积、理论重量序 号种 类公称直径（mm）公称截面面积（mm2）理论重量（kg/m）1138.637.40.29810.859.30.46512.985.40.6712179.554.80.43211.174.20.58012.798.70.77415.2138、9.01.101注：多股钢绞线截面面积和单位重量可根据实测值调整。一般情况下15.2mm钢绞线的实测截面积为140mm2，每延米重量为1.125 kg/m。五、钢筋公称直径、截面面积、理论重量直径（mm）计算截面面积（cm2）理论质量（kg/m）直径(mm）计算截面面积（cm2）理论质量（kg/m）2.50.0490.039192.8352.23030.0710.055203.1422.46640.1260.099213.4642.72050.1960.154223.8012.98460.2830.222234.1553.26070.3850.302244.5243.55180.5030.399、5254.9093.8590.6350.499265.3094.17100.7850.617275.7264.495110.9500.750286.1534.83121.1310.888307.0695.55131.3271.040328.0436.31141.5391.208349.0797.13151.7671.390359.6207.50162.0111.5783610.1797.99172.2701.7804012.5619.865182.5451.998第三节 水泥搅拌桩物理力学指标一、水泥土抗剪强度与抗压强度关系表试验方法无侧限抗压强度fcu (KPa)抗剪强度C/f (%)粘聚力10、c (KPa)内摩擦角（0）直剪快剪3151332342.262316126.525.811242713124.113152893222.0三轴不排水剪2801001635.75201702132.66231902730.513153002729.714303602225.120104802323.821205102624.026407402128.025707602529.532108602726.7419011602327.6二、水泥土的变形模量试件编号无侧限抗压强度fcu (KPa)破坏时应变f (%)变形模量E50 (KPa)E50 / fcu42761.43345001255482111、.367090014764931.065360010975360.866620012386941.008360012099181.14117700128109701.001169001201111641.281369001181213991.001750001251314361.141865001301419421.072942001521525131.203306001311630360.904743001561734501.004207001211835180.80541200153三、水泥土抗压强度土的性质水泥土试验结果成因土名含水量W(%)容重(KN/m3)孔隙比e液性指数IL塑性指数12、Ip水泥标号掺入量(%)龄期(d)抗压强度(KPa)滨海相淤泥50.017.301.391.2122.8325#10901096淤泥质亚粘土36.418.301.031.2616.4425#8901415溺谷相淤泥68.415.601.801.7121.8425#14901097三角洲相淤泥质亚粘土47.417.401.291.6316.0425#10120998河漫滩相淤泥质粘 土56.016.701.311.1821.0525#1030880湖沼相泥碳土448.010.408.060.85341.0425#2590155泥碳化土58.016.301.480.6526.0425#15907113、4四、水泥土龄期与抗压强度的关系fcu3（0.260.50）fcu90fcu7（0.300.629）fcu90fcu28（0.60.75）fcu90第二章 基坑规范摘录一、基坑变形控制值基坑变形控制值（广东省标准DBJ/T15-20-97）安全等级基坑支护结构水平位移周围地面沉降变形备 注一级0.002H且不大于30mm0.0015H且不大于20mm二级0.004H且不大于50mm0.003H且不大于40mm三级0.025H且不大于150mm0.02H且不大于120mm二、锚杆安全系数序号安全等级临时（基坑）锚杆K永久锚杆KJGJ120-99DBJ/T15-20-97CECS22:90YB9214、58-97CECS22:90锚固体杆 体(设计值)锚固体杆体锚固体、杆体锚固体、杆体锚固体、杆体1一级1.7161.321.61.51.81.82.22二级1.6251.251.61.51.61.62.03三级1.4631.1251.61.51.41.41.84岩锚1.41.5三、支护结构基底摩擦系数支护结构基底摩擦系数（广东省规范DBJ/T15-20-97）序号土的类别摩擦系数（）序号土的类别摩擦系数（）1淤泥0.106粉、细砂0.30.42淤泥质土0.157中、粗砂0.43软塑可塑粘土0.200.258碎石土0.54硬塑坚硬粘土0.39软质岩0.40.65粉土0.30.410硬质岩0.6015、.7四、岩土与锚固体间的粘结强度岩土与锚固体间的粘结强度极限值qs(Kpa)序号岩土种类土的状态JGJ120-99DBJ/T15-20-97CECS22:90地基CECS96:97土钉锚杆土钉锚杆1填 土1620162030602淤 泥101610163淤泥质土1620162020254粘性土IL1183018305软塑0.75IL130403040304015306可塑0.5IL0.7540534053405030507硬塑0.25IL0.553655365506050708坚硬0.0IL0.2565736573607070909IL07380738010粉 土e0.90224420401016、015050100110.75e0.904464406012e0.7564100609013粉细砂稍密2242204014中密4263406015密实6385608016中 砂松散17稍密5474406018中密7490607019密实90120709020粗 砂松散901407090稍密9013060901602009012021中密1301709012022025012016022密实17022012015027040016020023砾 砂中密、密实19026013016024泥岩、页岩微风化岩、M30砂浆11020025白云岩、石灰岩、泥质砂岩微风化岩、M30砂浆33026砂岩、花岗岩17、大理岩微风化岩、M30砂浆500五、锚管、锚杆水平刚度系数锚管水平刚度系数表（KN/m）钢管规格面积(mm2)每米重量（kg）长 度 (m)6789101112131415483.00424.1203.33228371957417127152251370212456114181054097879134483.25456.6743.592459021077184421639314754134121229511349105389836603.25579.1344.5531184267292338820789187101700915592143931336512474603.50620.9354.18、8333435286592507622290200611823716717154321432913374603.75662.3445.2035665305702674823776213991945317832164611528514266604.00703.3605.5237873324632840525249227242065818937174801623115149604.50784.2156.1642227361953167028151253362303321113194891809716891锚管水平刚度系数表（KN/m）钢管规格面积(mm2)每米重量（kg）长 度 (m)16171819、19202122232425483.00424.1203.338564806076127212685165256228595757095481483.25456.6743.599221867981967765737770256706641561475902603.25579.1344.551169411006103959848935589108505813577967484603.50620.9354.84125381180111145105581003095539119872283598024603.75662.3445.2013374125881188811263106991019097220、7930489168560604.00703.3605.5214202133671262411960113621082110329988094689090604.50784.2156.1615835149041407613335126681206511516110161055710134钢绞线水平刚度系数表（Km/m）钢绞线面积（mm2）每延米总重量（kg）长 度 （m）15182022252830323538402索2862.25661847674290390034323065286026812451225821453索4293.375992771506435585054184596429021、40223677338732174索5724.501323695338580780068646129572053624902451642905索7155.62516545119171072597508580766171506703612956455362六、圆桩配筋表单边配筋时截面容许弯矩设计值M (KNm)桩径(mm)M钢筋400500600700800900100012004167397418901214201081461852232612983364115181091485201301794222212673133584044955221522124252783383984575176322、462015121026832638344049761062217524731838845852759673362521030539848958067075993772024082026834742450157765380572228182231340950459769078296672534482538150763075287399312311020_5186157118069961022_61373184796311941025_7629161068121915181220_72584195611851222_8591000114014181225_1071125514381799142023、_968110213701422_1148131216371425_164920721620_124615521622_147918531625_23401820_17321822_20641825_26022020_1909系 数C250.970.980.980.980.980.98as600.980.980.980.990.990.990.9fcm0.970.970.980.990.990.99均匀配筋时截面容许弯矩设计值M (KNm)桩径mmM配筋4005006007008009001000120081681882082282510181020102210251220122212251424、20142214251620162216251820182218252020202220252220222222252420242224252620262226252820282228257288106107128151150177220981211451471772092082453062382803502673153931852202762262683372673163953063624533444075093814515644184956184552252683382763284133263874863744445584225006284695566975156107645616648325、1605716897650769_316400326388490385459578444527664501595748557661831613727913667792994722855107377591911528289811230_5306705136117715806908706467689687118451064775921115883999612529021070134596411441436_694878659785992734875110580996312158831051132595611371433102912231540110013081645_12011521109913126、216601192142117971283153019381374163820685386724915807255276227775626638299626946211027系 数C250.970.980.980.980.980.98as600.980.980.980.990.990.990.9fcm0.970.970.980.990.990.99七、基坑支护设计的基本概念第三章 型钢钢管截面面积及单位重量第一节 水、煤气输送钢管（YB234-63）公称口径钢 管管 螺 纹(mm)英寸外径(mm)普 通 管加 厚 管基面处外 径(mm)每吋牙数螺纹长度（mm）壁厚(mm)不计管接头的理论重量（27、kg/m）壁厚(mm)不计管接头的理论重量（kg/m）圆锥形管螺纹圆柱形管螺纹61/810.002.000.392.500.4681/413.502.250.622.750.73103/817.002.250.822.750.97151/221.252.751.253.251.4420.956141214203/426.752.751.633.502.0126.44214141625133.503.252.424.002.9133.250111518325/442.253.253.134.003.7741.912111720403/248.003.503.844.254.5847.80511128、92250260.003.504.884.506.1659.616112224705/275.503.756.644.507.8875.18711232780388.504.008.344.759.8187.8871132301004114.004.0010.855.0013.44113.0341138361255140.004.5015.045.5018.24138.4351141381506165.004.5017.815.5021.63163.836114542注：1、公称口径是钢管的规格称呼，它不一定等于钢管外径减2倍壁厚之差。2、钢管分：不镀锌钢管（黑管）和镀锌钢管；带螺纹钢管和不带29、螺纹钢管。3、镀锌钢管比不镀锌钢管重8。4、钢管长度：不带螺纹的黑管，412米；带螺纹的黑管和镀锌管，46米。第二节 电焊钢管（YB242-63） 外 径(m m)壁 厚 (mm)0.50.60.81.01.21.41.51.61.82.02.22.5理 论 质 量 （kg/m）（6）0.0680.0800.1030.123（7）0.0800.0950.1220.148（8）0.0920.1100.1420.1730.202（9）0.1050.1250.1620.1970.231100.1170.1390.1820.222(0.261)（11）0.1290.1540.2010.2470.29030、20.1420.1690.2210.2710.3200.365(0.388)0.411（3）0.1840.2410.2960.3490.4000.4250.451（4）0.1990.2600.3210.3790.4340.4620.49050.2140.2800.3450.4090.468(0.499)0.529（6）0.2280.3000.3700.4380.503(0.536)0.568（7）0.2440.3200.3950.4680.5370.5730.60880.2580.3400.4190.4970.5720.6100.6470.7170.798（9）0.2740.3590.444031、.5270.6060.6470.6870.7620.838200.2880.3790.4690.5560.6420.6840.7260.8060.888（21）0.4930.5860.6750.7210.7670.8510.937220.5180.6160.7100.7580.8060.8950.986（23）0.5430.6450.7450.7950.8460.9401.041.131.26240.5670.6740.7790.8320.8850.9841.091.181.33250.5920.7030.8130.8690.9251.031.131.241.39（26）0.6170.734032、.8490.9060.9631.071.181.291.45（27）0.6410.7620.8820.9431.001.121.231.341.51280.6660.7920.9160.9801.041.161.281.401.57290.6910.8230.9511.021.081.221.331.471.64300.7150.8510.9861.051.121.261.381.511.70（31）0.7400.8811.021.091.151.301.431.561.76320.9101.051.131.201.341.481.621.82（33）0.9411.091.171.231.3933、1531.671.88（34）0.9681.121.201.281.431.581.721.94（35）0.9981.161.241.321.471.631.782.00（36）1.031.191.281.361.521.681.832.07 续 表 外径（mm）壁 厚 (m m)1.21.41.51.61.82.02.22.52.83.03.23.5理 论 质 量 （kg/m）(37)1.061.231.311.401.561.731.892.13381.091.261.351.441.611.781.942.19（39）1.291.391.471.651.821.992.26401.33134、.421.521.691.872.052.31(41)1.361.461.551.741.922.102.37421.411.501.601.791.972.162.44431.431.541.631.822.022.212.5044.51.481.591.651.882.102.292.592.893.07451.511.611.711.912.122.322.622.913.11(46)1.541.651.751.962.172.372.68-(47)1.571.681.792.002.222.432.74-(48)1.611.721.832.052.272.482.813.113.33335、.84511.711.831.962.182.422.642.993.323.553.794.10531.781.912.032.272.512.763.113.463.703.944.27(54)1.821.942.072.312.562.813.183.533.774.024.36571.922.052.182.452.712.973.363.744.004.254.62602.022.162.312.582.863.133.553.944.224.494.8363.52.142.292.442.733.033.323.764.194.484.755.18702.372.532.703.036、23.353.684.164.634.965.285.74762.572.762.943.293.654.004.535.025.405.756.26 续 表 外径（mm）壁 厚 (m m)1.82.02.22.52.83.03.23.53.84.04.24.54.85.05.5理 论 质 量 （k g / m）7 03.023.353.684.164.634.965.285.747.887 63.293.654.004.535.025.405.756.266.767.107.437.938 33.604.004.374.965.525.926.316.867.427.798.168.718 37、94.294.705.335.946.366.777.387.988.388.789.389.969 54.595.025.706.366.817.267.908.54-1 0 24.935.406.136.847.327.818.509.209.6710.1210.8211.5011.961 0 87.778.299.029.7610.26-1 1 48.218.749.5410.2210.8511.3712.1512.9213.441 2 18.739.2910.1410.9811.5412.09-1 2 79.179.7710.6611.5412.1312.7113.5914.4615.38、041 3 311.1812.1012.73-14.6215.1715.781 4 0 11.7812.7613.4214.0615.0416.0016.6518.241 5 212.8213.8814.6015.3016.3717.4218.1319.78注：1.钢管长度：外径30毫米者，26米；外径3070毫米者，310米；外径70毫米者，410米。2括号内的外径或质量的钢管应经过冷拔。第三节 热扎无缝钢管(YB231-70)外径(mm)壁 厚 (mm)2.533.544.555.566.577.5理 论 质 量 (kg/m)321.822.152.462.763.053.333.593.39、854.094.324.53382.192.592.983.353.724.074.414.745.055.355.64422.442.893.353.754.165.564.955.335.696.046.38452.623.113.584.044.494.935.365.776.176.566.94502.933.484.014.545.055.556.046.516.977.427.86543.774.364.935.496.046.587.107.618.118.60574.004.625.235.836.416.997.558.108.639.16604.224.885.526.1640、6.787.397.998.589.159.7163.54.485.185.876.557.217.878.519.149.7510.36684.815.576.317.057.778.489.179.8610.5311.19704.965.746.517.278.018.759.4710.1810.8811.56735.186.006.817.608.389.169.9110.6611.3912.11765.406.267.107.938.759.5610.3611.1411.9112.67836.867.798.719.6210.5111.3912.2613.1213.96897.388.41、389.3810.3611.3312.2813.2214.1615.07957.908.9810.0411.1012.1413.1714.1915.1916.181028.509.6710.8211.9613.0914.2115.3116.4017.4810810.2611.4912.7013.9015.0916.2717.4418.5911410.8512.1513.4414.7215.9817.2318.4719.7012111.5412.9314.3015.6717.0218.3519.6320.9912712.1313.5915.0416.4817.9019.3220.7222.10142、3312.7314.2615.7817.2918.7920.2821.7523.2114015.0416.6518.2419.8321.4022.9624.5114615.7017.3919.0620.7222.3624.0025.6215216.3718.1319.8721.6023.3225.0326.7315917.1518.9920.8222.6424.4526.2428.0216820.1022.0423.9725.8927.7929.6918021.5923.7025.7527.7029.8731.9119423.3125.6027.8230.0032.2834.5020329.143、431.5033.8336.1621931.5234.0636.6039.1224538.2341.0943.8527342.6445.9249.1029953.91 （续表）外径（mm）壁 厚 （mm）88.599.5101112131415理 论 质 量 （kg/m）324.74385.92426.717.027.327.607.88457.307.657.998.328.63508.298.709.109.499.86549.089.549.9910.4310.8511.67579.6710.1710.6511.1311.5912.4813.3214.116010.2610.8011.344、211.8312.3313.2914.2115.0715.8863.510.9511.5312.1012.6513.1914.2415.2416.1917.096811.8412.4713.1013.7114.3015.4616.5717.6318.6419.617012.2312.8913.5414.1714.8016.0117.1618.2719.3320.357312.8213.5214.2114.8815.5416.8218.0519.2420.3721.467613.4214.1514.8715.5816.2817.6318.9420.2021.4122.578314.8015.6245、16.4217.2218.0019.5321.0122.4432.8225.158915.9816.8717.7618.6319.4821.1622.7924.3725.8927.279517.1618.1319.0920.0320.9622.7924.5626.2927.9729.5910218.5519.6020.6421.6722.6924.6926.6328.5330.3832.1810819.7320.8621.9723.0824.1726.3128.4130.4632.4534.4011420.9122.1223.3124.4825.6527.9430.1932.3834.533646、.6212122.2923.5824.8626.1227.3729.8432.2634.6236.9439.2112723.4824.8426.1927.5328.8531.4734.0336.5539.0141.4313324.6626.1027.5228.9330.3333.1035.8138.4741.0943.6514026.0427.5729.0830.5732.0634.9937.8840.7243.5046.2414627.2328.8230.4131.9833.5436.6239.6642.6445.5748.4615228.4130.0831.7433.3935.0238.247、541.4344.5647.6550.6815929.7931.5533.2935.0336.7540.1543.5046.8150.0653.2716831.5733.4335.2937.1338.9742.5946.1749.6953.1756.6018033.9335.9537.9539.9541.9245.8549.7253.5457.3161.0419436.7038.8941.0643.2345.3849.6453.8658.0362.1566.2220338.4740.7743.0545.3347.5952.0856.5260.9165.9469.5421941.6344.12448、6.6149.0851.5456.4361.2666.0470.7875.4624546.7649.5652.3855.1757.9563.4868.9574.3879.7683.08 （续表） 外径(mm)壁 厚 （mm）88.599.5101112131415理 论 质 量 （kg/m）27352.2855.4558.6061.7364.8671.0777.2483.3689.4295.4429957.4160.8964.3767.8371.2778.1384.9391.6998.40105.0632562.5466.3570.1473.9277.6885.1892.63100.0310749、.38114.6835167.6771.8075.9180.0184.1092.23100.32108.36116.35124.2937781.6886.1090.5199.29108.02117.00125.33133.9140287.2191.9596.67106.06115.41124.71133.94143.1542692.5597.57102.59112.58122.52132.41142.25152.0445097.87103.20108.50119.08130.61140.09150.52160.90(465)101.10106.48112.20123.15134.05144.950、0155.70166.46480104.52110.22115.90127.22139.49149.71160.88172.00500108.96114.91120.83132.65145.41156.12167.79179.40530115.62121.94128.23140.78154.29165.74178.14190.50(550)120.07126.62133.10146.21159.20172.15185.05197.90560122.28128.97135.63148.92163.16175.36188.50201.60600131.17138.34145.50159.7817551、.00188.18202.31216.39630137.81145.36152.89167.91183.88197.80212.67227.49(续表)外径（mm）壁 厚 （mm）161718192022(24)25(26)28理 论 质 量 （kg/m）6820.527021.317322.4923.4824.4125.307623.6824.7425.7526.718326.4427.6728.8529.998928.8030.1931.5232.8034.0336.3538.479531.1732.7034.1835.6136.9939.6142.0210233.9335.6437.2952、38.8940.4443.4046.1710836.3038.1539.9541.7043.4046.6649.7251.1752.5855.2411438.6740.6742.6244.5146.3649.9153.2754.8756.4359.3812141.4343.6045.7247.7949.8253.7157.4159.1960.9164.2212743.8046.1248.3950.6152.7856.9760.9662.8964.7668.3613346.1748.6351.0553.4255.7360.2264.5166.5968.6172.5014048.9351.575453、.1656.7059.1964.0268.6670.9073.1077.3414651.3054.0856.8259.5162.1567.2772.2174.6076.9481.4815253.6656.6059.4862.3265.1170.5975.7678.3080.7985.6215956.4359.5362.5965.6068.5674.3379.9082.6285.2890.4616859.9863.3166.5969.8273.0079.2185.2388.1691.0596.6718064.7168.3471.9175.4478.9285.7292.3395.5678.741054、4.9619470.2474.2178.1382.0085.2893.32100.62104.19107.72114.6320373.7877.9782.1286.2190.2698.20105.94109.74113.49120.8321980.1084.6989.2393.7198.15106.88115.42119.61123.75131.8924590.3695.59100.77105.90110.98120.99130.80135.64140.42149.84273101.41107.33113.20119.02124.79136.18147.38152.90158.38169.1655、299111.67118.23124.74131.20137.61150.29162.77168.93175.05187.13325121.93129.13136.28143.38150.44164.39178.15184.96191.72205.09351132.19140.03147.82155.56163.26178.50193.54200.99208.39223.04377142.44150.93159.36167.75176.08192.61208.93217.02225.06240.99402152.30161.40170.45179.45188.40206.16223.7223256、.42241.08258.24426161.78171.47181.11190.71200.25219.19237.93247.23256.48274.84450171.24181.52191.76201.94212.08232.20252.12262.01271.85291.38(465)177.16187.81198.41208.97219.47240.34261.00271.26281.47301.74480183.08194.10205.07216.00226.87248.47269.88280.51291.09312.10500190.97202.48213.95225.37236.57、74259.32281.72292.84303.91325.91530202.80215.06227.27239.42251.53275.60299.47317.50323.14346.62(550)210.70223.44236.14248.80261.40286.45311.31323.66335.97360.43560214.64227.64240.58253.48266.33291.88317.23600230.42244.40258.34272.22286.06313.58340.90630242.26256.98271.66286.28300.85329.85358.66第四节 槽58、钢型号尺寸 (MM)载面面积(cm2)理论质量（kg/m）高度H腿宽度B腰厚度D平均腿厚度10100485.38.512.74810.00712.6126535.59.015.69212.31814 A140586.09.518.51614.53514 B140608.09.521.31616.73316 A160636.510.021.96217.24016160658.510.025.16219.75218 A180687.010.525.69920.17418180709.010.529.29923.00020 A200737.011.028.83722.63720200759.011.59、032.83725.77722 A220777.011.531.84624.99922220799.011.536.24628.43525 A250787.012.034.91727.41025 B250809.012.039.91731.33525 C2508211.012.044.91735.26028 A280827.512.540.03431.42728 B280849.512.545.63435.82328 C2808611.512.551.23440.21932 A320888.014.048.51338.08332 B3209010.014.054.91343.10732 C3260、09212.014.061.31348.13136 A360969.016.060.91047.81436 B3609811.016.068.11053.46636 C36010013.016.075.31059.11840 A40010010.518.075.06858.92840 B40010212.518.083.06865.20840 C40010414.518.091.06871.488第五节 工字钢型号尺寸 (mm)载面面积(cm2)理论质量（kg/m）高度h腿宽度b腰厚度d平均腿厚度10100684.57.614.34511.26112.6126745.08.418.11814.61、22314140805.59.121.51616.89016160886.09.926.13120.51318180946.510.730.76524.11320 a2001007.011.435.57827.92920 d2001029.011.439.57831.06922 a2201107.512.342.12833.07022 b2201129.512.346.52836.52425 a2501168.013.048.54138.10525 b25011810.013.053.54142.03028 a2801228.513.755.40443.49228 b28012410.513.62、761.00447.88832 a3201309.515.067.15652.71732 b32013211.515.073.55657.74132 c32013413.515.079.95662.76536 a36013610.015.876.48060.03736 b36013812.015.883.68065.68936 c36014014.015.890.88071.34140 a40014210.516.586.11267.59840 b40014412.516.594.11273.87840 c40014614.516.5102.11280.15845 a45015011.518.63、0102.44680.42045 b45015213.518.0111.44687.48545 c45015415.518.0120.44694.550第六节 等边角钢型号尺寸(mm)理论质量(kg/m)bd圆角半径220343.50.8891.1452.525341.1241.459330344.51.3731.7863.6363451.6562.1632.65444034551.8522.4222.9764.54534562.0882.7363.3693.98555034565.52.3323.0593.7704.4655.656345862.6243.4464.2516.5686.36364、45681073.9074.8225.7217.4699.1517704567884.3725.3976.4067.3988.373型号尺寸(mm)理论质量(kg/m)bd圆角半径7.57556781095.8186.9057.9769.03011.0898805678106.2117.3768.5259.65811.8749906781012108.3509.65610.94613.47615.9401010067810121416129.36610.83012.27615.12017.89820.61123.257第四章 岩土工程地质参数第一节 岩石分类 岩石坚硬程度的定性划分名称单轴抗压65、强度Rc(MPa)定性鉴别代表性岩石硬质岩坚硬岩60锤击声音清脆，有回弹，震手，难击碎。浸水后，大多无吸水反应。未风化微风化的：花岗岩、正长岩、闪长岩、安山岩、辉绿岩、玄武岩、片麻岩、石英岩、石英片岩、石英砂岩、硅质板岩、硅质胶结的砾岩、硅质石灰岩等。较坚硬岩6030锤击声音较清脆，有轻微回弹，稍震手，较难击碎。浸水后，有轻微吸水反应。1、 弱风化的坚硬岩；2、 未风化微风化的：烧结凝灰岩、板岩、白云岩、石灰岩、钙质胶结的砂岩。软质岩较软岩3015锤击声音不清脆，无回弹，较易击碎。浸水后，指甲可刻出印痕。1、 强风化的坚硬岩；2、 弱风化的较坚硬岩；3、 未风化微风化的：凝灰岩、千枚岩、粉砂岩66、页岩、泥灰岩、砂质泥岩、泥质砂岩。软岩155锤击声哑，无回弹，有凹痕，易击碎。浸水后，手可掰开。1、强风化的坚硬岩；2、弱风化强风化的较坚硬岩；3、弱风化的较软岩；4、未风化的泥岩等。极软岩5锤击声哑，无回弹，有较深凹痕，手可掰开。浸水后，可捏成团。1、 各种全风化岩石；2、 各种半成岩。 岩石名称分类一级分类二级分类三级分类四级分类火成岩超基性岩橄榄岩辉岩类纯橄榄岩、橄榄岩、辉岩基性岩辉长岩玄武岩类辉长岩、苏长岩、辉长苏长岩、橄长岩、斜长岩、辉绿岩、辉绿玢岩、辉长辉绿岩、玄武岩、细碧岩中性岩闪长岩安山岩类闪长岩、石英闪长岩、辉长闪长岩、花岗闪长岩、安山岩、玢岩正长岩粗面岩类正长岩、二正长岩67、粗面岩、正长斑岩碱性岩霞石正长岩响岩类霞石正长岩、粗粒霞石正长岩、云石正长岩、磷霓霞石岩、响岩、正长响岩酸性岩花岗岩流纹岩类花岗岩、黑云、白云母花岗岩、二云母花岗岩、花岗斑岩、流纹岩、石英斑岩、松脂岩、黑曜岩、浮石脉岩 细晶岩、伟晶岩、煌斑岩沉积岩碎屑岩正常沉积碎屑岩角砾岩、砾岩、砂岩、粉砂岩、页岩火成碎屑岩凝灰岩、火山角砾岩、层凝灰岩、凝灰质岩、化学岩及生物化学岩铁质沉积岩、锰质沉积岩、铝土矿、磷灰岩、盐类、石灰岩、白云岩、白垩、泥灰岩、板状矽藻土、泥矽岩、矽华可燃性有机岩泥碳煤、油页岩或沥青页岩、石油变质岩片麻岩黑云母片麻岩、白云母片麻岩、二云母片麻岩、矽线片麻岩、堇青片麻岩、蓝晶片麻岩68、十字石片麻岩、石榴石片麻岩、绢云母钠长石片麻岩、石墨片麻岩结晶片岩云母片岩、石英片岩、石墨云母片岩、黑云母片岩、白云母片岩、二云母片岩、千枚岩、绿泥片岩、滑石片岩角闪岩、大理岩、石英岩角闪岩凝灰岩石墨大理岩、绿色大理岩石英岩片麻石英岩、云母石英岩、绢云母及铁质石英岩角页岩、碧玉交代蚀变的岩石矽嘎岩云英岩黄铁细晶岩蛇纹岩滑石菱、镁片岩次生石英岩第二节 地质年代表界（代）系（纪）统（世）符号经历年数（万年）距今年数（万年）地壳运动时代新生界（代）第四系（纪）全新统上更新统中更新统下更新统Q4Q3Q2Q1100100喜马拉雅运动人类时代第三系（纪）上新统中新统渐新统始新统古新统RN2N1E3E2E69、159006000兽类时代中生界（代）白垩系（纪）上白垩统（世）下白垩统（世）K2K1700013000燕山运动爬行动物时代恐龙时代侏罗系（纪）上侏罗统（世）中侏罗统（世）下侏罗统（世）J3J2J1250015500三迭系（纪）上三迭统（世）中三迭统（世）下三迭统（世）T3T2T1300018500古生界(代)上古生界(代)二迭系(纪)上二迭统(世)下二迭统(世)P2P1250021000海西运动成煤时代石炭系(纪)上石炭统(世)中石炭统(世)下石炭统(世)C3C2C1550026500泥盆系(纪)上泥盆统(世)中泥盆统(世)下泥盆统(世)D3D2D1550032000鱼时代古生界(代)下古生70、界(代)志留系(纪)上志留统(世)中志留统(世)下志留统(世)S3S2S1400036000加里东运动无脊椎动物时代奥陶系(纪)上奥陶统(世)中奥陶统(世)下奥陶统(世)O3O2O1800044000寒武系(纪)上寒武统(世)中寒武统(世)下寒武统(世)321800052000元古界(代)震旦系(纪)下震旦统(世)中震旦统(世)下震旦统(世)Z3Z2Z16000011200吕梁运动原始单细胞生物时代太古界(代)五台系(纪)ArAr2Ar190000202000五台运动无生物时代秦山系(纪)第三节 土的物理性质指标土的物理性质指标表名称符号表达式单位常见值换算公式密度重度=m/v，=10G/cm71、3KN/m31.62.21622=d(1+w)=d(1+w)比重GsGs=ms/vs砂土2.652.69粉土2.72.71粘性土2.722.75含水量wW=100%砂土(040)%粘性土(2060)%W=(-1)100%孔隙比ee=vv/vs砂土0.51.0粘性土0.51.2e=n/(1-n)孔隙度nn=100vv/v%(3050)%n=（）100%饱和度SrSr=vw/vv01干密度干重度ddd=ms/vd=10dG/cm3KN/m31.321320饱和密度satsat=G/cm31.82.3饱和重度satsat=10satKN/m31823砂性土的相对密实度Dr=Dr砂土的相对密实度ema72、x最大孔隙比emin最小孔隙比e砂土天然状态的孔隙比第五节 广东省常见土质的物理力学性质指标经验值 土 类 型容重(kN/m3)天然含水量W(%)天然孔隙比e抗剪强度变形模量E0（Mpa）压缩系数1-2(kPa-1)泊松比内聚力C(kPa)内摩擦角()杂填土砂质粘土类8121015建筑垃圾类粉细砂类淤泥15-1740-100410480.61.51200-3500淤泥质土101581248粉质粘土软塑1525162215220.35可塑0.30硬塑3550242635600.25坚硬粘土软塑0.40可塑0.35硬塑0.30坚硬0.25细砂稍密024282030中密密实0.30中砂稍密0283273、3545中密密实0.25粗砂稍密032344060中密密实0.20强风化岩泥岩(软岩)80120263080150硬质岩中风化岩泥岩(软岩)200300323610002000硬质岩第五章 常用灌浆材料配制第一节 浆材配制计算公式（一）、黏土浆、水泥浆1、按浆材设计重度配制Wn=式中： Wn每配1m3黏土浆所需黏土（风干）质量 Gn黏土或水泥的相对重度（比重） nj所配浆液的重度（t/m3） w水的重度 Vnj所配浆液的体积，Vnj=1m3(1).水泥浆液MC=GCWVCJ(1+GC)W=C式中：MC 水泥（干）量（t） MW 水量（m3） GC 水泥相对密度（约3.03.2），425#水泥取74、3.1。 w 水的密度（1.0t/m3） VCJ 欲配水泥浆液体积（m3） 水灰比 cj 水泥浆液的密度cj =GCw(1+)/(1+GC)VCj =(1+C)/Cw2、按水土比配制Wn=Ww=Wn式中： Ww每配1m3黏土浆所需的水质量 水土比3、浓浆变稀（1）、按浆材重度改变 Ww=式中：Ww降低浓度时的加水量 y原浆液的重度 j要配浆液的重度 Vy原浆液的总体积（2）、按水土（灰）比改变 Ww=式中：1原水土（灰）比 2改变后水土（灰）比4、稀浆变浓（1）、按浆材重度改变Wn=式中：Wn增大浓度时的加土量（2）、按水土（灰）比改变Wn=5、浆材重度和体积计算cj=Vcj=（二）、水泥黏土75、浆 Wc=ncwV(nc/Gc+nn/Gn+nw) Wn=nnwV(nc/Gc+nn/Gn+nw) Ww=nwwV(nc/Gc+nn/Gn+nw)式中：Wc:Wn:Ww=nc:nn:nw为水泥：黏土：水的百份比。己知浆材重度及水泥和黏土的比例，求各材料的用量：cj=Wc+Wn+WwWc+Wn+Ww第二节 粘土浆材配制黏 土浆 配 料 表（黏土密度G2=2.6 t/m3）浓度等级序号水土比用水量(kg)黏土用量 (kg)配成浆量(L)黏土含量（kg/L）浆液密度（kg/cm3） 2.5:1250100288.50.3471.2132:1200100238.40.4191.2581.5:1150176、00188.50.5311.3261.4:1140100178.50.5601.3461.3:1130100168.50.5931.3651.2:1120100158.50.6311.3881.15:1115100153.50.6511.4011.1:1110100148.50.6731.4141.05:1105100143.50.6971.4291:1100100138.50.7221.4440.9:190100128.50.7781.4790.8:180100118.50.8481.5190.7:1140200216.90.9221.5680.6:1120200196.91.0161.6277、5 配1m3黏土浆的水和黏土用量土密度用量浆密度加水量（kg）加土量（kg）2.42.52.62.72.42.52.62.71.109299339379411711671631591.208578678758823433333253181.258218338448534294174063971.307868008128245145004884761.357507677817946005835695561.407147337507656866676506351.456797007197357717507317151.506436676877068578338137941.55607633656678、769439178948741.60571600625647102910009759531.655675946181083105610321.7056358811381112第三节 水泥、水玻璃浆材配制 水 泥 浆（帷 幕 灌 浆）配 料 表（水泥密度G1=3.1 t/m3）浓 度 等 级 序 号水灰比水泥含量（kg/L）相邻比级水泥量（kg/L）浆液密度（kg/cm3）每搅拌桶情况水泥(kg)浆量(L)5:10.1881.12750265.963:10.3010.1131.20475249.172:10.4310.1301.291100232.021.5:10.5490.1181.3721279、5227.691.3:10.6160.0671.417150243.511.2:10.6570.0411.445150228.301.1:10.7030.0461.476175249.931:10.7560.0531.512175231.480.9:10.8180.0621.554200244.500.8:10.8910.0731.603200224.470.7:10.9780.0871.662250255.620.6:11.0840.1061.734250230.630.55:11.1460.0621.776250218.150.5:11.2160.0701.824250205.590.4580、1.2940.0781.877300231.84浆液水灰比、c/s值、水玻璃浓度对浆液性能的影响水玻璃浓度40Be水泥浆与水玻璃体积比（c:s=1:1）W/c C/S凝结时间(min:s)抗压强度（Mpa）水玻璃浓度Bew/c抗压强度(Mpa)7d28d7d14d28d0.61:11:4617.621.6350.5017.420.020.21:0.81:2119.823.80.7514.413.214.81:0.61:0021.823.71.007.38.514.01:0.40:3714.018.31.253.24.05.80.751:11:5812.716.61.501.22.02.81:081、.81:2916.021.0400.5020.424.424.81:0.61:0.617.921.80.7511.617.718.51:0.41:4414.115.81.004.410.611.31.01:12:102.212.81.250.94.49.01:0.81:409.413.01.500.50.92.31:0.61:1511.516.0450.5024.525.025.31:0.40:5211.814.80.758.216.919.21.51:13:550.65.21.002.96.911.31:0.82:581.57.01.250.52.65.81:0.62:0.86.88.31.82、500.30.60.81:0.41:287.610.3第六章 常用计算公式和计量单位第一节 常用计算公式一、体积1、球体体积 V=R3.4/32、圆锥体积V=R2h/33、棱锥 V=Sh/34、棱台 V=（S1S2S1S2）h/35、拟柱体 V=（S1S24S0）h/66、圆台 V=（R12R22R1 R2）.h/3二、钢管砼竖向承载力设计值 钢管砼结构设计与施工规程CECS 2890NO=fcAc(1+)=faAa/fcAcNO 竖向承载力设计值套箍系数fc砼抗压强度设计值fa钢管抗压强度设计值Ac砼截面积Aa钢管截面积第二节 常用法定计量单位与法定计量单位的关系 国际单位制(SI)的基本单83、位量的名称单位名称单位符号长度质量时间电流热力学温度物质的量发光强度米千克（公斤）秒安培开尔文摩尔坎德拉mKgSAKMolcd国际单位制(SI)的辅助单位量的名称单位名称单位符号平面角立体角弧 度球 面 度radsr用于构成十进倍数和分数单位的词头所表示的因数词头名称词头符号所表示的因数词头名称词头符号1018艾可萨 E10-1分D1015拍它P10-2厘C1012太拉T10-3毫M109吉咖G10-6微106兆M10-9纳诺n103千k10-12皮可P102百h 10-15飞母托f101十da10-18阿托a国际单位制(SI)中具有专门名称的导出单位量的名称单位名称单位符号其它表示式例频率赫84、兹Hzs-1力;重力牛顿N压力;压强;应力帕斯卡PaN/m2能量;功;热焦耳JN.m功率;辐射通量瓦特WJ/s电荷量库仑CA. s电位;电压;电动热伏特VW/A电容法拉FC/V电阻欧姆V/A电导西门子SA/V磁通量韦伯WbV.s磁通量密度,磁感应强度特斯拉TWb/m2电感亨利HWb/A摄氏温度摄氏度C光通量流明lmcd.sr光照度勒克斯lxlm/m2放射性活度贝可勒尔Bqs-1吸收剂量戈瑞GyJ/kg剂量当量希沃特SvJ/kg国家选定的非国际单位制单位量的名称单位名称单位符号换算关系和说明时间分小时天日minhd1min=60s1h=60min=3600s1d=24h=86400s平面角角秒角85、分度()()()1=(/648000)rad(为圆周率)1=60=(/10800)rad1=60=(/180)rad=0.0174533rad旋转速度转每分r/min1r/min=(1/60)s-1长度海里N mile 1n mile=1852m(只用于航程)速度节kn1kn=1n mile/h=(1852/3600)m/s(只用于航行)质量吨原子质量单位tu1t=103kg1u1.660565510-27kg体积升L,(l)1L=1dm3=10-3m3能电子伏eV1eV1.602189210-19J级差分贝dB线密度特克斯tex1tex=1g/km用于构成十进倍数和分数单位的词头所表示的因数86、词头名称词头符号所表示的因数词头名称词头符号1018艾可萨 E10-1分D1015拍它P10-2厘C1012太拉T10-3毫M109吉咖G10-6微106兆M10-9纳诺n103千k10-12皮可P102百h 10-15飞母托f101十da10-18阿托a计量单位符号的常见错误量的名称单位名称正确的符号错误或不恰当的符号长度千米米毫米英寸kmmmminKM,KMSMMM()面积平方公里平方码平方英寸km2yd2in2sqkmsqydsqin体积立方米立方厘米毫升立方英尺m3cm3mL,mlft3cumcc,c.c.MLcuft时间年小时分秒ah minsy,yrhr()sec,S,()速度千米87、每秒英寸每秒英尺每秒英里每小时km/sin/sft/smile/hkmpsipsfpsmph压力、压强、应力巴磅力每平方英寸barlbf/in2bpsi转速转每分钟r/minrpm常见非法定计量单位换算系数单位名称单位符号换算系数备注单位名称单位符号换算系数备注直角L1.57080rad0.5rad磅达pdl0.138255N1lb.ft/s2冈(g),gon,gr0.0157080rad0.9磅力lbf4.44822N码yd0.9144m3ft千磅力kip4448.22N英尺ft0.3048m12in千克力每平方厘米kgf/cm298.0665kPa1at英寸in0.0254m2.54cm千88、克力每平方米kgf/m29.80665Pa平方码yd20.836127m29ft2工程大气压at98066.5Pa1kgf/cm2平方英尺ft20.0929030m2144in2标准大气压atm101325Pa760mmHg平方英寸in26.45110-4m2磅力每平方英寸lbf/in26894.76Pa144lbf/ft2立方码yd30.764555m327ft3磅力每平方英尺lbf/ft247.8803Pa0.04788kPa立方英尺ft30.0283168m31728in3巴bar100kPa0.1MPa立方英寸in31.63810-5m3千磅力每平方英尺kip/ft247880.3Pa89、英吨(长吨)(long ton)ton1016.05kg2240lb英吨力每平方英寸tonf/in21.5443107Pa2240lbf/in2短吨shton907.185kg2000lb英吨力每平方英尺tonf/ft21.0725105Pa2240lbf/in2克力gf9.806610-3N短吨力每平方英尺shtonf/ft295760.5Pa2000lbf/ft2千克力kgf9.80665N磅每立方英寸lb/in327679.9kg/m3吨力tf9806.65N磅每立方英尺lb/ft316.0185kg/m3短吨力sh tonf8896.44N2000lbf千克力每立方米kgf/m39.890、0665N/m3英吨力tonf9964.02N2240lbf吨力每立方米tf/m39.80665kN/m3法定计量单位与习用非法定计量单位换算关系量的名称法定计量单位习用非法定计量单位单位换算关系名 称符 号名 称符 号力牛顿N千克力kgf1kgf=9.80665N10N,1N=0.1019716kgf千牛顿kN吨力tf1tf=9.80665kN10kN线分布力牛顿每米N/m千克力每米kgf/m1kgf/m=9.80665N/m10N/m千牛顿每米kN/m吨力每米tf/m1tf/m=9.80665kN/m10kN/m面分布力牛顿每平方米N/m2千克力每平方米kgf/m21kgf/m2=9.8091、665kN/m210N/m2千牛顿每平方米kN/m2吨力每平方米tf/m21tf/m2=9.80665kN/m210kN/m2重力密度千牛顿每立方米kN/m3克力每立方厘米gf/cm31gf/cm3=9.80665kN/m310kN/m3力 矩、弯 矩牛顿米N.m千克力米kgf.m110N.m千牛顿米kN.m吨力米tf.m110kN.m压 强帕斯卡Pa(N/m2)千克力每平方米kgf/m21kgf/m2=9.80665Pa10Pa千帕斯卡kPa吨力每平方米tf/m21tf/m2=9.80665kPa10kPa兆帕斯卡MPa(N/mm2)标准大气压atm1atm=0.10325MPa0.1MPa92、帕斯卡Pa毫米汞柱mmHg1mmHg=133.332Pa130Pa应力、强 度兆帕斯卡MPa千克力每平方毫米kgf/mm21kgf/mm2=9.80665MPa=10MPa兆帕斯卡MPa千克力每平方厘米kgf/cm21kgf/cm2=0.0980665MPa0.1MPa千帕斯卡kPa吨每平方米tf/m21tf/m2=9.80665kPa10kPa弹 性模 量兆帕斯卡MPa千克力每平方厘米kgf/cm21kgf/cm2=0.0980665MPa0.1MPa=100kPa压 缩模 量千帕斯卡kPa千克力每平方厘米kgf/cm21kgf/cm2=98.0665kPa100kPa功、能、热 量焦耳J千93、克力米kgf.m1kgf.m=9.80665J10J千焦耳kJ吨力米tf.m1tf.m=9.80665kJ10kJ焦耳J国际蒸气表卡cal1cal=4.1868J4.2J功 率瓦特W千克力米每秒kgf.m/s1kgf.m/s=9.80665w10w瓦特W千卡每小时kcal/h1kcal/h=1.163w1.16w瓦特W米制马力1马力=735.499w740w发热量千焦耳每立方米kJ/m3千卡每立方米kcal/m31kcal/m3=4.1868kJ/m34.2kJ/m3汽化热千焦耳每千克kJ/kg千卡每千克kcal/kg1kcal/kg=4.1868kJ/kg4.2kJ/kg热负荷瓦特W千卡每小94、时kcal/h1kcal/h=1.163w1.16w传 热系 数瓦特每平方米开尔文W/(m2.k)千卡每平方米小时摄氏度kcal/(m2.h.c)1kcal/(m2.h.c)=1.163w/(m2.k)1.16w/(m2/k)导 热系 数瓦特每米开尔文W/(m.K)千卡每米小时摄氏度kcal(m.h.c)1kcal/(m.h.c)=1.163w/(m.k)1.16w/(m.k)第三节 灌浆压力换算关系主单位换算单位换算单位换算单位名称量值、符号名称量值、符号名称量值、符号名称量值、符号兆帕斯卡1MPa千帕斯卡1000KPa帕斯卡1000000Pa兆帕斯卡1 N/mm2牛/cm2100N/cm295、牛/m21106N/m2千牛/m21000KN/m2兆帕斯卡1 N/mm2吨力/ mm2110-4tf/mm2吨力/ cm2110-2tf/cm2吨力/ m2100tf/m2兆帕斯卡1 N/mm2公斤力/ mm20.1kgf/mm2公斤力/ cm210kgf/cm2公斤力/ m2100000kgf/m2兆帕斯卡1 N/mm2克力/ mm2100gf/mm2克力/ cm210000gf/cm2克力/ m21108gf/m2千帕斯卡1KPa牛/mm20.001 N/mm2牛/cm20.1N/cm2牛/m21000N/m2千帕斯卡1KPa吨力/ mm2110-7tf/mm2吨力/ cm2110-5t96、f/cm2吨力/ m20.1tf/m2千帕斯卡1KPa公斤力/ mm2110-5kgf/cm2公斤力/m20.1kgf/m2公斤力/ m2100kgf/m2千帕斯卡1KPa克力/ mm20.1gf/mm2克力/ cm210gf/cm2克力/ m2100000gf/m2帕斯卡Pa牛/mm20.000001 N/mm2牛/cm20.0001N/cm2牛/m21N/m2帕斯卡Pa公斤力/ mm2 110-7kgf/mm2公斤力/cm2110-5kgf/cm2公斤力/m20.1kgf/m2帕斯卡Pa克力/ mm2110-4gf/mm2克力/cm2110-2gf/cm2克力/m2100gf/m2注：1、97、1标准大气压=10米水头0.1MPa=100KPa。 2、1米水头0.01MPa=10KPa。第七章 坝基帷幕的建议防渗标准第一节 试段透水率计算岩体渗透性用试段透水率来表示，透水率的单位用吕荣值（Lu）来表示，当试验压力为1MPa,每米试段的压入流量为1L/min时，定义为1Lu。试段透水率采用第三（最大）压力阶段的压力值和流量值按以下公式计算：式中 q试段透水率（Lu），取两位有效数字； L试段长度（m）； Q3第三（最大）压力阶段的压入流量（L/min）; p3第三（最大）压力阶段的试验压力(MPa)。每个试段的试验成果，用试段透水率和pQ曲线类型（加括号）来表示，如0.23(A),1298、(B),8.5(C)等等。对于只做一个或两个压力阶段，不能确定pQ曲线类型的试段，只用试段透水率来表示，最后把一个孔的试验成果表和原始资料装订成册。第二节 渗透系数计算国外的规程、手册和教科书中，一般都推荐下式计算岩体渗透系数：式中 k岩体的渗透系数（m/d）； Q压入流量（m3/d）; H试验水头（m）； L试段长度（m）； r0钻孔半径（m）。上述公式是假定渗流服从达西定律，且为水平放射流，影响半径为R=l的前提下推导出来的。如果试验成果不符合线性关系，则不能应用上述公式计算岩体渗透系数，否则误差较大。第三节 试段透水率与单位吸水量的关系根据定义，吕荣值是在1MPa（或10kg/cm2）压99、力下每米试段的漏水量，单位吸水量是在0.01MPa(或1m水柱)压力下每米试段的漏水量，据此两者之间的关系应当是试段透水率为1Lu相当于单位吸水量为0.01。实际上，两者之间的关系并不都是如此简单，它取决于岩体的渗透类型。当pQ曲线为A（层流）型时，两者之间符合线性比例关系；当pQ曲线为B（紊流）型时，两者不符合线性比例关系，单位吸水量大于1/100吕荣值，大的程度取决于曲线的非线性度m。当m=2时，按水利电力部标准水利水电工程钻孔压水试验规程SDJ1678计算，单位吸水量为1/100吕荣值的1.8倍；当pQ曲线为C（扩张）型时，单位吸水量小于1/100吕荣值，小的程度取决于岩体的弹性变形的大100、小；当pQ曲线为D（冲蚀）型时，单位吸水量小于1/100吕荣值，具体情况取决于裂隙充填物的变化情况；当pQ曲线为E（充填）型时，单位吸水量和吕荣值的关系取决于升压曲线的形状。根据统计资料，当岩体渗透性较小时，大约有88%的试段单位吸水量和试段透水率之间符合线性关系，也就是说，大体上在通常采用灌浆标准（15Lu）范围内，两者之间服从1/100的比例关系，当渗透性较大时，单位吸水量和试段透水率的关系比较复杂，要根据pQ曲线的类型来确定。 库兹纳尔（C.Kutzner）10归纳以往的试验成果，提出了渗透系数和试段透水率的近似对应关系（见下表）。试段透水率和渗透系数近似对应关系表试段透水率(Lu)30101、20535渗透系数（cm/s）10-3510-4510-510-5但多数国家直接采用1Lu10-5cm/s。因此：1Lu=0.01=10-5k1=100Lu=10-3k1k=1000=105Lu吕荣值，渗透系数K=cm/s，单位吸水量。第四节 岩土渗透性分级表渗透性等 级标准岩体特征土类渗透系数K(cm/s)透水率q(Lu)极微透水K10-6q0.1完整岩石，含等价开度0.025mm裂隙的岩体粘土微透水10-6K10-50.1q1含等价开度0.0250.05mm裂隙的岩体粘土-粉土弱透水10-5K10-41q10含等价开度0.050.1mm裂隙的岩体粉土-细粒土质砂中等透水10-4K10-21102、0q100含等价开度0.10.5mm裂隙的岩体砂-砂砾强透水10-2K10-0q100含等价开度0.52.5mm裂隙的岩体砂砾-砾石、卵石极强透水K100含连通孔洞或等价开度2.5mm裂隙的岩体粒径均匀的巨砾第五节 岩石帷幕防渗标准部位岩性坝高（m）坝 底 面 附 近深 部 及 岸 边软弱岩石坚硬岩石软弱岩石坚硬岩石高于1001Lu5Lu5Lu10Lu低于1005Lu10Lu10Lu25Lu第八章 基坑支护常用方法的材料用量第一节 高压旋喷桩一、水泥用量计算公式 1、体积法QKH（1）D2/42、喷量法QHq（1）/v式中：Q浆材用量（m3）；K土层填充系数，粘土层一般取0.750.80，砂层103、取0.80.9；H旋喷桩长度（m）；损失系数，取0.10.2；D旋喷桩桩径（m）；q喷射流量（m3/min）；v提升速度（m/min）。二、各种桩径每延米水泥用量（kg/m）参考表体积法每延米水泥用量（kg/m）参考表水灰比400450500550600650700750800砂 层土 层砂 层土 层砂 层土 层砂 层土 层砂 层土 层砂 层土 层砂 层土 层砂 层土 层砂 层土 层0.80111991401251941722091862492222932603393023903474413921.009480119106147131178158212188248221288256367294104、3743331.20827310392128113154137184163216192250222319256325289用2.8mm喷嘴时喷量法每延米水泥用量（kg/m）参考表水灰比18.0Mpa,44L/min20.0Mpa，46L/min22.0Mpa，49L/min25.0Mpa，53L/min提速mm/min提速mm/min提速mm/min提速mm/min1501802002202502803001501802002202502803001001251501802002202502803001001251501802002202500.802742292061871651471372105、872392151961721541444583673052552292081831641534723973312752482251981.002331941751591401251162432031831661461301223893112592161951771561391304213362802342101911681.20202169152138122108101212176159144127113106338270225188169154135121113366292244203183166146用3mm喷嘴时喷量法每延米水泥用量（kg/m）参考表水灰比18.0Mpa,50L/min106、20.0Mpa，53L/min22.0Mpa，57L/min25.0Mpa，63L/min提速mm/min提速mm/min提速mm/min提速mm/min1501802002202502803001501802002202502803001001251501802002202502803001001251501802002202500.803122602342131871681493312752482251981771655334273562962662422131901785894723933272952682361.002652211981811591421262802342101911681501404523623022512262061811621515004003332782502272001.20230192172157138124110244203183166146130122393315262218194179158140131434348290241217198174注：粘土层指流塑软塑的土层，当为可塑以上的粘土层时水泥用量可参考砂层的用量。