1、中文缩写三通阀TWV检修通道缓冲罐酸洗酸性密封油槽粘合剂可调的气袋铝镇静钢合金钢AS铝AL铝箔渗铝钢ALS固定支架角阀AV外观附录APPX审核人APPD大约APP电弧割引弧端电弧焊AW氩气石棉石棉垫片AG装配ASSY大气(压)ATM奥氏体不锈钢AUST.SS自动AUTO平均AVG轴向的落球式止回阀球旋塞阀球阀BAV钢带裸管基线母材基础工程设计数据BEDD装置边界BL焊珠风箱弯管斜齿轮传动坡口端面BE材料表BOM,LOM盲板BLK法兰盖(盲法兰)BF毡排污阀气孔吹扫孔阀体螺栓B螺栓分布图BC螺栓冷紧BCT螺栓热紧BHT栓接阀盖阀盖凸台梁底BOB管底BOP支架底BOS支架支管分管支管补强支管焊黄铜2、BRS硬钎焊呼吸阀BV布氏硬度BH青铜BRZ桶式过滤器STB建筑物BLDG埋地管道内外螺纹接头BU对焊BW蝶阀BUV丁基橡胶带旁路电缆沟电缆槽架硅酸钙校定管帽(封头)CP护罩铅封关CSC铅封开CSO碳钢CS铸铁CI/CAS低合金铸钢CLAS填隙泡沫玻璃保温块中心线CL,C管中心COP中心到中心CTC中心到端部CTE中心到面CTF链条操作CHOP链轮止回阀CHV校对人CHKD化学清洗CC氯丁橡胶土建支架等级SL清洗口CO静距CL涂敷围堰COFF盘管冷弯保冷C冷弹簧色标CM塔柱号匹配法兰压制石棉板隐蔽工程集中荷载同心异径管(同心大小头)CR锥形过滤器连杆台架恒定的施工图COD建北CN连续焊CW调节3、阀CV紫铜CU腐蚀腐蚀裕度CA平衡锤支架管箍CPL焊条CE裂纹试验牛皮纸四通跨越管道低温阀减振器穿越管道静荷载脱脂设计压力破坏检验详图DTL详细工程设计数据DEDD直径D隔膜阀DV尺寸DIM阀芯排出口DIS碟形管帽换向阀平行双闸板特强XXS双面埋弧焊双层排液DR排液漏斗DF图号DWG.No.制图人DRWD倒淋环球墨铸铁DI假管支架动力荷载吊耳东E偏心异径管(偏心大小头)ER经济保温厚度喷射器弹性弯头加强管接头EWOL弯头 EL电熔焊EFW电阻焊ERW电拌热ET电动的标高EL椭圆形封帽EC地脚螺栓埋入深度事故淋浴器ES紧急切断阀端到端ETE环氧树脂平衡液体管道安装焊接EW塌陷激振力胀接膨胀系数膨4、胀节(补偿器)EJ球形膨胀节套管形膨胀节旋转形膨胀节膨胀环延伸的延伸杆蒸汽外(内)拌热EST(IST)加强XS事故洗眼器EW面到面FTF远端FS紧固件凹面(法兰密封面)LF现场F现场制造F/F现场焊接FW角焊细玻璃棉面漆防火间距阻火器FA法兰FLG法兰端面FEF法兰连接火炬全平面法兰密封面FF平锁紧缝金属平垫片FMG全平面FF底平FOB顶平FOT平缝柔性挠性金属软管柔性支架浮球式疏水器浮球式视镜浮环楼板FL流体现场发泡发泡密封剂底阀低合金锻钢FLAS锻钢FS模板基础FDN双承口管箍全孔闸阀双头管箍FCPL双头螺纹短节FNIP全嘴全视视镜熔焊电化学腐蚀镀锌六角铁丝网镀锌管GP镀锌钢GS镀锌铁箍带5、镀锌铁皮镀锌铁丝气割气体保护电弧焊GSAW气焊GW垫片G气液两相流管道闸板闸阀JV齿轮万向的压盖压盖填料玻璃布玻璃珍珠岩玻璃棉截止阀GLVA级管道坡口槽面(法兰密封面)GF地平GRD地面坡度地面铺砌定位环导向支架单承口管箍单头管箍HCPL单头螺纹短节HNIP手柄手轮栏杆吊架吊杆硬度试验HADT主管净空热处理HT重载固定支架六角螺帽六角头螺栓高点HP高压高温阀高强张拉螺栓HTB铰链铰接支架吊车梁水平的H软管软管接头HC软管嘴软管架软管站HS热流体保温H有隔块防冻保温挂越管道液压的水压试验HYDT夹杂物未焊满注射孔内径ID内螺纹仪表槽板隔热层保温支撑环连锁晶间腐蚀断续焊单线图ISO位号夹套球阀保护6、层工号JOB NO跨线索引平面图未熔合未焊透搭接封口搭接焊LW松套法兰LJ大头LE侧向的斜三通LT斜接加强管接头LOL布置图焊脚透镜面透视面LF透镜垫透镜式金属环垫LER升降式止回阀轻微腐蚀管线索引管道混合器LM管线跨距线性的衬里的渗透探伤LPI/T活荷载局部腐蚀锁闭LC锁开LO长半径弯头 ELL回路低合金钢LAS低点LP低压机制螺栓磁粉探伤MPI/T主凸凹面法兰密封面MFF凸面(法兰密封面)LM可锻铸铁MC工时MHR手动/工MNL玛璃脂玛璃脂涂层接续分界线ML相连管线材料汇总MTO材质检查最大MAX中等腐蚀中压烧穿金属焊条惰性气体保护焊MIG金属保护层金属软管MH金属包覆垫片MJG最小MIN7、零星配管MISC斜接弯头(虾米腰弯头)MEL混合孔板MO模制聚氨脂防潮层多层美国标准直管螺纹NPS美国标准锥管螺纹NPT近端NS针形阀NV短节NIP公称直径DN公称压力PN有色金属非冲击止回阀非金属正常关NC正常开NO北N螺母NU八角垫八角形金属环垫OCR加强管接头OL明火地点明沟外径OD外螺纹椭圆形金属环垫OVR顶配管（塔罐顶）架空管道搭接焊瘤填料垫板油漆焊道铝油性能试验防烫保温固定过滤器PSR防烫伤隔热P针孔管子 P管卡管壳管廊PR管子表号管托导向管托滑动管托止推管托固定管托管礅管架PS管螺纹管道和仪表流程图PID管道静距管道组成件管道挠度管带沿地管道管道支耳穿墙（楼板）管道管道跨距管道喘8、振柱塞阀凹坑间距平端头+A428PE平端头PE平平面图装置坐标等离子切割塑性变形平台PF图管堵(丝堵)PL旋塞阀PV气压试验PNET气动的多层牛皮纸防潮层聚氨脂泡沫胶合板焊后热处理PWHT预制预热PH压力P,PRESS.减压阀PRV压力密封阀盖耐压测试一次压力底漆工艺流程图PED工艺管道地脚螺栓甩出深度聚四氟乙烯包覆垫片TEG脉动脉冲式疏水器泵入口平衡管道吹扫接头数量QTY快速接头QJ射线探伤RI/T凸台面法兰密封面RF压力等级RTG比值补偿器弹力减载固定支架异径管(大小头)R异径管箍RCPL异径弯头 REL异径法兰RED异径三通RT加强的RF补强板RP泄压阀RV可拆壳补焊残余的共振限流孔板R9、O来回弯版次REV.NO筋板刚性支架环连接面法兰密封面RJ环槽式垫圈环形接头RTJ环槽面明杆铆钉洛氏硬度RC滚动支架圆钢圆拉杆橡胶接头橡胶垫片RG总管爆破片(爆破膜)RD除锈安全阀SV取样点SC取样冷却器SC计划SCH螺纹的SCD封扣密封罐密封带密封试验压力锥管螺纹密封焊密封焊 SEW有缝钢管无缝的SMLS阀座次二次压力自锁螺母自攻螺丝半自动半嘴气液分离器SPR序号固定螺栓棚SHEL保护气体运输螺栓短半径弯头 ELS视镜SJ消声器SIL单层夹渣套筒式的滑动支架平焊法兰SO插板阀SGV承插焊SW承插焊法兰SW承插焊加强管接头SWOL软钎焊电磁阀齿形金属垫片SMSG楔形单闸板防凝南S隔块散发火花地10、点八字盲板SB螺旋焊缝钢管缠绕式垫片SWG楔形双闸板短管接头喷嘴弹簧弹簧吊架弹簧支架弹簧垫圈SWSR正齿轮传动方螺母不锈钢SS白钢带静电接地蒸汽膜过热器蒸汽吹扫（口）SO疏水阀ST蒸汽夹套拌热SJT硬质合金阀杆图案平管托架节流止回阀止推支架等径三通稳流器过滤器SR强度试验压力应力消除SR强腐蚀结构构架、构筑物STRU翻边短节SE螺柱SB填料箱吸入口SUC现场决定SF适用介质支撑圈表面处理表面温度 堆焊SFG异径短节SNIP旋启式止回阀对称的SYM安装螺栓点焊TW图号号头切线TL罐区取压孔引压阀三通 T警告TT温度T,TEMP.临时过滤器TSR试压流程图热补偿热切割隔热INS热应力热动力式疏水器11、壁厚THK螺纹THR螺纹法兰THR螺纹加强管接头TOL三通阀TWV节流阀牵制系数焊趾公差榫槽面法兰密封面TG榫面(法兰密封面)TF梁顶TOB管顶TOP支架顶TOS焊炬拌热管T/TRP拌热（冷)T经纬仪管沟管道真北桁架T型过滤器SRT夹钨钨极惰性气体保护焊TIG花篮螺母TB超声探伤UI/T咬边地下UG均布荷载活接头UN公用工程UTL公用工程接点UC真空箱真空破坏器真空管道阀门夹套阀可变的放空VT排气孔放空丝堵铅直的V振动视图外观检查VE垫圈WSR水锤注水喷嘴楔形闸板泄水孔重量WT焊缝焊接裂纹焊接缺陷焊接W单面焊焊接梯子WS对焊法兰WN双面焊焊接工艺评定WPS焊丝WW焊件焊接加强管接头WOL西W翼12、形封扣金属网随机器来W/E随仪表来W/I木块作业点WP工作压力Y型过滤器SRY英文3-way valveaccess/cat walkaccumulatoracid cleaningacid seal oil trapadhesiveadjustableair pocketAl-killed steelalloy steelaluminiumaluminium foilaluminum impregnated steelanchor supportangle valveappearanceappendixapprovedapproximatearc cuttingarc endarc weld13、ingargonasbestosasbestos gasketassemblyatmosphereAustenic stainless steelautomaticaverageaxial ball check valveball cock valveball valvebandbare pipebase linebase material/metalbasic engineering design databattery limitbeadbellowbendbevel gearingbeveled endbill/list of materialblankblank flangeblank14、etblow down valveblowholeblowing holebodyboltbolt circlebolt cold tightbolt hot tightbolted bonnetbonnet/coverbossbottom of beambottom of pipebottom of supportbracket/yoke/C719supportbranchbranch pipebranch reinforcementbranch weldbrassbrazingbreather valveBrinnel hardnessbronzebucket type strainerb15、uildingburied pipingbushingbutt weldingbutterfly valvebutyl rubber tapeby-passcable ductcable tray/duct/traycalcium silicatecalibrationcapcapcar seal closecar seal opencarbon steelcast ironcast low alloy steelcaulkingcellular glass blockcenter linecenter of pipecenter to centercenter to endcenter to16、 facechain operatedchain wheelcheck valvecheckedchemical cleaningchloroprene rubbercivil supportclassclean outclearancecoatingcofferdamcoilcold bendingcold insulationcold springcolor markcolumncolumn Npanion flangecompressed asbestos sheet concealed workconcentrated loadconcentric reducercone type s17、trainerconnecting rodconsoleconstantconstruction drawingconstruction northcontinuous weldingcontrol valvecoppercorrosioncorrosion allowancecounterweight supportcouplingcovered electrodecracking testcraft papercrosscross-over pipingcryogenic service valvecushioncut-cross pipingdead loaddegreasingdesi18、gn pressuredestructive testdetaildetail engineering design datadiameterdiaphragm valvedimensiondisc/plugdischargedish capdiverting valvedouble disc/parallel seatdouble extra strongdouble submerged arc weldingdouble-layerdraindrain funneldrawing numberdrawndrip ringductile cast irondummy supportdynam19、ic loadear(lug)easteccentric reducereconomic insulation thicknessejectorelasticityelboletelbowelectric fusion weldingelectric resistance weldingelectric tracingelectrically operatedelevationellipsoid capembededemergency showeremergency shut down valveend to endepoxyequilibrium liquid pipingerection 20、weldexcessive penetrationexciting forceexpanded jointexpansion coefficientexpansion jointexpansion joint ballexpansion joint dresserexpansion joint swivel expansion loopextendedextension spindleexternal(internal)steam tracingextra strongeye washerface to facefar sidefastenerfemale facefieldfield fab21、ricatedfield weldingfillet weldingfine fiber glassfinishing coatfire protection spacingflame arresterflangeflange end faceflanged jointflareflat faceflat lock seamflat metallic gasketflat of full faceflat on bottomflat on topflat seamflexibilityflexible metal tubeflexible supportfloat trapfloating b22、all sight glassfloating ringfloorfluidfoamed in placefoamsealfoot valveforged low alloy steelforged steelformworkfoundationfull bell couplingfull bore gate valvefull couplingfull nipplefull nozzlefull view sight glassfusion weldinggalvanic corrosiongalvanized hexagonal wire nettinggalvanized pipegal23、vanized steelgalvanized steel bandgalvanized steel sheetgalvanized steel wiregas cuttinggas shielded arc weldinggas weldinggasketgas-liquid flow pipinggategate valvegeargimbalglandgland packingglass cloth fabricglass perliteglass wool/fiberglobe valvegrade A pipinggroovegroove facegroundground grade24、ground pavingguide ringguide supporthalf bell couplinghalf couplinghalf nipplehand leverhand wheelhandrailhangerhanger rodhardness testingheaderheadroomheating treatmentheavy loading anchor supporthexagon nuthexagon socket bolthigh pointhigh pressurehigh temperature valvehigh tensile bolthingehinge 25、supporthoist beamhorizontalhosehose couplerhose nozzlehose rackhose stationhot fluidhot insulationhot insulation for wintering with spacerhung-over pipinghydraulichydraulic testinclusionincompletely filled grooveinjection holeinside diameterinside screw instrument ductinsulation(lagging)insulation s26、upport ringinter lockinter-crystalline corrosionintermittent weldingisometric drawingitem No.jacket ball valvejacketingjob numberjump-over connectionkey plantlack of fusion/incomplete fusionlack of penetration/incomplete penetrationlap sealerlap weldinglapped joint(flange)large endlaterallateral tee27、latroletlayoutleglens facelens facelens ringlens ring gasketlift check valvelight corrosionline indexline mixerline spanlinearlined liquid penetrant inspection/testlive load localized corrosionlock closelock openlong radius elbowlooplow alloy steellow pointlow pressuremachine/mechanical boltmagnetic28、 particle inspection/testmainmale&female facemale facemalleable ironman hourmanualmasticmastic weatherproof coatingmatch linematch linematerial take-offmaterial testmaximummedium corrosionmedium pressuremelt-thru/burn throughmetal inert gas weldingmetal weatherproofmetallic hosemetallic jacket gaske29、tminimummiscellaneousmitre elbowmixing orificemodeled polyurethanemoisture resistant lagging/vapor barrier tapemultilayernational standard straight pipe threadnational standard taperpipe threadnear sideneedle valvenipplenominal diameternominal pressurenon-ferrous non slam check valvenon-metallicnorm30、ally closenormally opennorthnutoctagonal ringoctagonal ring gasketO-letopen fireopen trenchoutside diameteroutside screwoval ring gasketoverhead pipingoverhead pipingoverlapoverlappackingpadpaintpasspasteperformance testperipheral protectionpermanent strainerpersonnel protection insulationpin holepi31、pepipe clamp/strappipe coveringpipe rackpipe schedule numberpipe shoepipe shoe guidepipe shoe slidingpipe shoe stop pipe shoe tightpipe sleeperpipe supportpipe threadpiping&instrument diagrampiping clearancepiping componentpiping deflectionpiping group/waypiping installed along groundpiping lugpipin32、g passing through wall(floor)piping spanpiping surgingpiston type valvepitpitchplain endplain endplain/planeplanplant coordinateplasma cuttingplastic deformationplatformplotplugplug valvepneumatic testpneumatically operatedpolycraft moisture barrierspolyurethane foampolywoodpost weld heating treatme33、ntprefabricationpreheatingpressurepressure reducing valvepressure seal bonnetpressure testprimary stressprime coat/primerprocess flow diagramprocess pipingprojectionPTFE envelope gasketpulsationpulse steam trappump inlet balancing pipingpurge connectionquantityquick jointradiographic inspection/test34、raised faceratingratioreacting force from expansion jointreduced loading anchor supportreducerreducing couplingreducing elbowreducing flangereducing teereinforcedreinforcing padrelief valveremovable foamrepair weldingresidualresonancerestriction orificereturn bendrevision numberribrigid supportring 35、joint facering joint gasketring type jointring type joint facerising stemrivetRockwell hardnessrolling supportround barround rodrubber connectorrubber gasketrun pipe rupture diskrust removalsafety valvesample connectionsample coolerschedulescrewedseal seal potseal tapeseal test pressureseal welded t36、aper pipe threadseal weldingseamed steel pipeseamlessseatsecondarysecondary stressself locking nutself-tapping screwsemi-automaticsemi-nozzleseparatersequential No.set boltsheltershielded gasshipping boltshort radius elbowsight glasssilencersingle layerslag inclusionsleeve typesliding supportslip on37、(flange)socket gate valvesocket weldingsocket welding(flange)socket weldoletsolderingsolenoid operated(electro magnetic)valvesolid metal serrated gasketsolid wedgesolidification preventationsouthspacerspark-sending-out placespectacle blank(blind)spiral welded steel pipespiral wound gasketsplit wedge38、spool piecespray(nozzle)springspring hangerspring supportspring washerspur gearingsquare nutstainless steelstainless steel bandstatic grounding10.28steam desuperheater3.42steam out13.7steam trap98.4steam-jacket tracing112.1stellite672.6230stem/spindlestencilstoolstop check valvestop supportstraight 39、teestraightenerstrainerstrength test pressurestress reliefstrong corrosionstructurestructurestub endstud boltstuffing boxsuctionsuit in fieldsuitable mediumsupport ring surface preparationsurface temperaturesurfacingswaged nippleswing check valvesymmetricaltack bolttack weldingtake off codetangent l40、inetank farm/yardtap holetap valveteetell taletemperaturetemporary strainertest flow sheetthermal compensationthermal cuttingthermal insulationthermal stressthermodynamic trapthicknessthreadthreaded(flange)thredoletthree-way valvethrottletie-up coefficienttoe of weldtolerancetongue and groovetongue 41、facetop of beamtop of pipetop of supporttorchtracer/tracing pipetracingtransittrench pipingtrue northtrussT-type strainertungsten inclusiontungsten-inert-gas arc weldingturnbuckleultrasonic inspection/testundercutundergrounduniform loadunionutilityutility connectionvacuum boxvacuum breakervacuum pip42、ingvalvevalve with jacketvariableventvent holevent plugverticalvibrationviewvisual inspectionwasherwater hammerwater injection nozzlewedgeweep holeweightweldweld crackweld defectweldingwelding by one sidewelding ladderwelding neck(flange)welding on two sides+C537welding procedure specification weldi43、ng wireweldmentweldoletwestwing tape holewire meshwith equipmentwith instrumentwooden blockworking pointworking pressureY-type strainer中文英 文1.项目建议1.1 项目建议概况资格qualification预备资格prequalification商务条款与条件commercial terms and condition商务commercial技术technical技术说明technical specification建议书proposal book资料费inf44、ormation price估价estimated price报价quoted price报价书quotation1.2报价资料工艺说明process description工艺特点process feature经验记载experience record工艺性能process performance设备表equipment list说明.规定.规格specification简要说明short specification条件图sketch drawing流程图flow diagram平衡图balance diagram方框图block diagramP和I图P and I diagram单线图s45、ingle line diagram布置图layout平面布置图plot plan总图general plot plan附件appendix资料.文件documentation1.3合同技术用语保证guarantee性能保证performance guarantee时间保证time guarantee交货保证delivery guarantee建造保证workmanship gurantee生产能力capacity质量qulity消耗量consumption原材料feedstock原料raw material辅助原料sub-raw material产品product付产品by-product中46、间产品intermediate公用工程utility燃料fuel化学品chemical界区battery limits（界 区）进料incoming（界 区）出料outgoing界区条件battery limits condition（配管图）分界线match line工厂.装置plant设备equipment关键设备critical equipment专利设备propritary equipment有位号设备itemized equipment无位号设备non-itemize equipment散装材料bulk material施工材料material of construction仪表in47、strument备品备件spare parts建筑工具construction aid（现场）居住设施accommodation现场派遣expatriate运转率on stream factor运转天数stream day系列train试车trial operation初次试车initial operation开车start up注 油oil in投料feed in首次出料first drop保证试运转guarantee test run装置验收plant acceptance移交turnover议定书protocol1.4估算估算estimate概算budgetary estimate推算s48、lide冥指数power term（费用）分类，分项价格breakdown外汇foreign currency当地货币local currency可兑换货币convertible curency专利费licence fee专利权税royalty变动专利权税running royalty专有技术费knowhow fee基础设计费basic engineering fee代理费agent fee手续费commission不可预见费contingency外汇风险exchange risk易货补偿compensation直接费用direct cost间接费用indirect cost项目管理费proj49、ect expense现场管理费field expense一般管理费overhead利润profit生活费living expense出勤津贴daily allowance（出差）准备费outfit allowance劳务费labor cost基本工资base wage补偿费payroll burden福利费fringe beneft1.5可行性研究可行性feasibility现场选定site selection（现场）位置location市场markting可获利润率profitability生产成本production cost经营费operation cost可变成本variable c50、ost不变成本fixed cost总投资total investment cost流动资本working capital固定资产fixed capital cost总资本total capital cost折旧费depreciation现金流量cash flow折现现金流量discounting cash flow工况研究case study产权资本.自有资金equity建设资本利息interest during construction1.6业务范围现场勘测site survery工艺设计process design基础设计basic engineering基础设计包basic engine51、ering package详细设计detail engineering采购procurement海运ocean transportation陆运inland transportation安装erection work土建工作civil work施工construction work投料试车commissioning培训training（现场）指导supervisory servive顾问advisory servive初步设计preliminary project最终设计final project基础设施infrastructure上部结构superstructure软件sofeware硬件h52、ardware1.7工厂分类设计处女地工厂grass root plant总厂integral plant分厂single plant成套装置package plant翻版（设计）厂copy plant生产厂commercial plant中试工厂pilot plant实验室规模装置bench scale unit石化总厂petrochemical complex下游（厂）downstream（工业）放大scale-up扩建expansion改建.更改modification镜像布置mirror image设计余量overdesign降负荷运转turndown消除瓶颈debottlenecki53、ng工厂模型plant modle1.8设备工艺装置process plant装置区内on site装置区外off site界区内insidy battery limit界区外outside battery limit公用工程设施utulity facility贮存设施storage faciity辅助设施auxiliary facility衔接interconnection主变电所main substation发电设施power genneration facility事故发电设备emergerncy power generation facility水处理装置water treatment54、 facility冷却塔cooling water抽水设备water intake facility海水淡化装置desalination facility蒸汽发生装置steam generation facility仪表空气发生装置instrument air generation facility惰性气发生装置inert gas generation facility空分装置air separation facility罐区tank yard散装贮存设备bulk storage facility包装机械bagging facility制袋设备bag making facility装瓶设备bo55、ttling facility装货设施loading facility卸货设施unloading facility铁路侧线railway siding栈桥jetty行政办公楼administration buidling维修车间maintenance shop中央化验室central laboratory内部通信设施intercommunication facility广播系统public address system询呼设施paging facility消防设施fire fighting facility安全器具safety equipment生活设施colony工用设施townshop娱乐56、设施recreation facility1.9相关企业承包商contractor主承包商prime contractor分包商subcontractor直接雇佣direct hire专利商licenser转专利者sub-licenser专利使用者license专利拥有者patent owner竞争者competitor国际财团consortium合作者collaborator买方（1）buyer（2）purchaser卖方seller厂方vendor制造商（1）makermanufacturer业主owner顾问consultant技术顾问technical adviser用户user最终用57、户end user客户（1）customer（2）client代理商agent挂名人dummy2投标.合同2.1投标概况询价inquiry报价.估价书quotation estimation投标.投标书bid.tender投标资料bid documents预审pre-qualification意向书letter of intent2.2 合同用语协议书agreement合同.契约contract注销cancellation约定consideration合同转让assignment of contract不可抗力force majeure仲裁arbitration基本法governing law58、秘密条款（1）secrecy clause（2）non-disclosure clause预定损坏赔偿liquidated damages总赔偿额度total liability连带（债务）joint and several优先债权lien免除waiver保证guaranty担保warranty赔偿indemnity定义definition增额escalation罚款penalty支付条款terms of payment税金tax and duties侵犯专利patent infrigemetn最高限额ceiling委任书power of attorney保证金bond2.3合同形式招标合同c59、ompetitive bid contract议付合同negotiated contractFOB合同FOB-type contract成套承包合同（1）turnkey contract（交钥匙合同）（2）chef montage contract总付合同lump sum price contract单价契约unit price contract正价加附加费合同cost plus fee contract预投标协议pre-bid agreement产品抵债products sharing互购交易counterpurchase transaction3.支付.金融.财务3.1支付.金融支付条款.60、支付条件payment terms延期付款deferred payment留存款项retention money定期付款schedule payment施工分期付款progressive payment付款交单D/Pdocuments against payment承兑交单调D/Adocument against acceptance信贷，信用credit卖方信贷，供应商信贷suppliers credit买方信贷buyer s credit银行借贷bank loan财政、金融finance借款、借贷loan偿还reimburse reimbursement保证书letter of guara61、ntee信用证，信贷书letter of credit外汇兑换率exchange rarte兑换单，汇票单据documentary bill of exchange汇款，汇兑基金remittance3.2财务自然增长基数accrual basis资产负债表，决算表balance sheet损益报表P&Lproit and loss statement4.采购,运输,保险4.1进出口手续出口许可证export license出口许可证变更E/L amendCOCOMcoordinating committee标准结算方法standard payment非标准结算方法Non-standard pa62、yment出口申报银行export declaration bank E/D出口申报单export declaration custom进口许可证import license保税区域bonded area原产地证明书certificate of origin发票invoice4.2 运输装箱单packing list提单bill of lading(B/L)指示提单order bill of lading直接提单straight B/L装运提单Shipped B/L备运提单received B/L不附带条件的提单clean B/L不洁提单dirty B/L直运提单direct B/L联运提单t63、hrough B/L船上收货单matesrecerpt装货通知单shipping order交货单delivery order空运货单airway bill海上运费ocean freight海上运费同盟freight cinference目的地付款freight payable at destination出港前付款freight prepaid码头工人搬运费stevedorage空载运费dead freight船到港预定时间expected time of arrival船离港预定时间expected time of departure海关快速发货custom quick despatch滞64、船费demurrage码头搬运商stevedore超尺寸运输over-dimension cargo4.3保险海上保险marine cargo insureance现场指导失误保险supervisors risk insurance4.4贸易条件出厂价EX worksEX factoryEX mill海上交货FOB-named port of shipment含保险海上交货CIF-named fort of destimation国境交货条件franco frontier4.5采购采购procurement厂家vendor厂家一览表vendor list市场价market price黑市价da65、rk price现价up-to-date price level报价quotation偏差表deviation list到货时间time of delivery支付方式terms of paymentpayment termspayment conditions延缓支付deferred payment现金支付cash on delivery分期支付instalment payment预先支付down payment发货前支付advance payment到货后支付progress payment计划支付scheduled payment购买条件terms and conditions of p66、urchase折价discount谈判，交涉negotiation澄清clarification购买意向intent to purchase比较表tabulation凭标evaluation价格分析value analysis订购单purchase order变更订购单change order支付方式method of payment现金cash支票check期票promissory note催货exediting跟踪系统follow-up system包装防锈包装packing防潮湿包装rust-proof packing防水包装moisture-proof packing软包装shrink67、 packing木箱wooden box板条箱crate框架箱framed box滑橇底座skid base码垛盘pallet侧板side plate吊具sling fitting花篮螺丝turnbuckle钢带steel strapping角保护带edge protecter closure plate防护角corner protecter板board合板plywood缓冲材料cushioning material通气孔盖ventilation cover超载superimposed load开包unpacking船上标志shipping mark注意标志care mark5.1项目执行总图68、会议kick-off meeting项目研究会议project study meeting开工会议launching meeting项目报告project reporting审查会议screeting meeting进展报告progress report协调过程coordination procedure变更指示change order认可approval复阅review5.2工程项目完工报告job close-out report项目执行报告job performance report完工汇编close-out book反馈系统feed back system项目设计条件project de69、sign information会签inter-department check工程设计engineering design工艺条件确认engineering review工艺条件校核engineering checking项目完成指标审核表project performance check sheet施工版approved for construction设计变更error report技术文件technical data book管道材料工艺条件process data for piping material载荷条件loading data关键路径法critical path method70、关键路径进度表critical path schedulingprogram evaluation and reviewtechnique5.3费用及工时管理工程预算project control budget工时man-hour工日man-day人月man-month考勤表time sheet工作号work number项目号job number前期项目号proposal number改进工作improvement work闲滞idle工时报告man-hour report项目工时汇总job man-hours performance report5.4费用分类费用分类code of aco71、unt主帐major account分帐sub-account设备位号item number5.5组织指定assign借调on-loan项目成员project member项目经理project manager项目经理助理assistant project manager现场经理site manager施工经理construction manager开车经理operation manager现场指挥field manager项目前期经理proposal manager估算员estimator原始采购员originator协调员coordinator项目设计协调员project design c72、oordinator6标准化，资料管理，法规，规格6.1标准化标准化standardization标准，规格standard工程规定engineer specification项目特殊要求specific job requirement工程手册engineering manual标准图standard drawing工程用表格engineering form法规law and regulation法律law6.2资料管理情报管理information and documenation信息中心information center调研（追述）retrospective searching信息选择服73、务selective dissemination of information情报跟踪current awareness检索效率retrieval efficieney资料documents原文献primary sources文献摘抄secondary sources连载刊物serials定期刊物periodieals（学会）纪要memoirs会报transactions会议论文conference paper会议记录proceedings索引期刊index journal文摘期刊abstract journal情报摘要informative abstracts指示文稿indicative a74、bstracts图书目录book catalog标题目录title catalog总目录union catalog标准目录standard catalog关键词keyword省略词stopwordKWIC索引keyword-in-context indexKWOC索引keyword-our-of-context index顺序索引permuted index相关索引coordinate index主题分析subject analysis统计分类statistical classification国际十进制分类法Universal decimal classification借阅卡片visibl75、e card书卡book card档案系统filing system微缩复制microcopy微缩系统micro-system维缩片夹aperture card维缩卡片fiche film6.3法规高压气体取缔法high pressure gas control law消防法fire service law劳动安全卫生法industrial safety and health law建筑基本法building standard law单位制system of units国际单位制international system of units系统图，设备布置图，配管图及材料统计7.1图纸，条件表工艺76、流程图process flow diagram管道仪表流程图process piping&instrument flowdiagram公用工程流程图utility flow diagram框图block flow diagram公用 工程介质平衡图utility balance diagram平面布置图plot plan立面布制图general arrangement总图general plot plan规划图planning drawing管道研究图piping study drawing管道布置图（配管图）piping arrangement drawing分区图key plan管道走向研77、究图piping routing study drawing地下管道图underground piping drawing管道特殊管件图piping specisl psrts drawing管架祥图piping handing drawing预制图prefabrication drawing参考图referce drawing通用图typical drawing制造厂图vendorsdrawing管道轴侧图isometric piping drawing竣工图as-built drawing模型model管线表line schedule计算书calculation sheet图纸目录draw78、ing schedule发图阶段issue stage版次revision number编号体系numbering system比例scale工厂北向plant north海平面标高over-sea mean level(osl)标高elevation(el)已有钢结构existing structure装货区loading area公用工程站utility station柱号column number净空headroom通道access way小通道cat way钢结构顶部标高top of structure elevation管底标高bottom of piping elevation主管79、口径run size顶平偏心异径管eccentric reducer top flat中心到面的距离center to face工作点标高working point elevation管架标注hanging marking冷拉cold spring管线记号line symbol管线接口line connection物流号stream NO.管线号line NO.管道等级号(1)class designation(2)spec designation阀门号valve NO.等级分界specification break重要管道critical piping总管header pipe仪表管道ins80、trument piping排放管道blowdown piping火炬气管道flare piping输送管线transfer piping入口管线suction line排水管effluent line旁通管bypass line吹扫系统purge system放空接口vent connection软管接口hose connection双切断阀及排水阀double block and bleeder污水沟sewer ditch冷凝液池condensate pit积水坑sump box漏斗dirp funnel管段spool piece垫环spacer ring限流孔板restriction o81、rifice流量喷咀flow nozzle液体混合用三通mixing tee喷头spray nozle粗滤器strainer临时粗滤器temporary strainer疏水阀steam trap爆破膜rupture disk蒸汽伴热管道steam-traced piping夹套管道jacketed piping底下管道underground piping7.2管道要素钢管steel pipe螺纹端管threaded pipe法兰端管flange pipe锻制的swage光滑弯管smooth bendU型弯管U-bend弯管bending pipe波纹管膨胀节expansinon bellow82、s柔性管flexible pipe管件接头pipe fitting joint机械连接mechanical joint活套连接lapped joint环形垫连接ring type joint扩口接头flare type joint非扩口连接flareless type joint承插连接bell and spigotVICTAULIC接头victaulic joint弯头eblow异径管reducer管接头coupling活接头union短管nipple法兰flange配对法兰companion flange法兰盖blind flange异径法兰reducing flange八字盲板(1)sp83、ectactle blind(2)reversible blind平板式法兰plate flange带颈法兰hubbed flange对焊法兰welding neck flange松套法兰loose flange管端突缘stub end法兰面flange face垫片沟槽gasket groove满平面full face突面raised face大准槽面large tongue and groove face双凹凸面double male&female face大凹凸面large male&female face金属垫片metallice gasket非金属垫片Non-metallice ga84、sket半金属垫片semi-metallice gasketO型环O-ring透镜垫lens ring对焊buut weld承插焊接socket weld滑套焊接slip-on weld焊接支管台weldlet插入环insert ting管帽cap材料表bill of material材料统计take-off管段表line bill of material估算汇总表eatimation summary sheet备品备件表spare parts list报价单quotation sheet定货表purchase order schedule材料汇总表bil of material summar85、y状态报告status report分布报告distribution report价格，重量一览表cost&weight summary价格，重量汇总表cost&weight total定货管理表ordor control管道材料管理表piping material control sheet元件代码item number标记号tag number标准形态standard shape轴测图isometric drawing管线号line reference批号batch reference管子下料表piping cuting list制作件表fabrication parts list组装件表86、erection part list固定架anchor滑动架resting support导向架guide限位架directional stop减震架dampener支架support管托shoe保冷管托cradle鞍座saddle耳轴trunnion吊架hanger刚性吊架rigid hanger弹簧吊架constant hanger恒力吊架sping hanger阀门valve截止阀globe valve闸阀gate valve针形阀needle valve球阀ball valve止回阀check valve隔膜阀diaphragm valve三通阀three-way valve角阀ang87、le valve碟阀buutterfly valve旋塞阀cock伸长杆操作extension stem-operation链操作chain-operated齿轮操作gear-operated扳手操作wrench-operated电动操作motor-operated阀 芯tirm阀盖bonnet焊接支管weld branch偏置offset焊缝根部间隙weld root gap现场调整后在下料和焊接cut and weld after adjusting坡度slope工作点working point管架说明notes for piping hanging部门间校核版interdepartmen88、tal check print平端plain end破口端beveled end管道连接图piping hook-up drawing管道图说明notes for piping drawing标题栏title block询价单piping requisition sheet8 配管及一般设备设计8.1保温，保冷绝热insulation设备绝热表equipment insulation schedule绝热符号insulation code保温设计design of cold insulation正常操作所用的保温insulation for stable operating人身防护person89、nel protection放火层fire-proofing防结露anti-sweat防冻winter izing防音sound protection保温材料hot insulation material保冷材料cold insulation material石棉asbestos硅藻土diatomaceous earth岩棉rock wool玻璃棉glass wool碳酸镁magnesium carbonate硅酸铝calcium carbonate珍珠岩perlite软木版cork boards毛毡hair felt泡沫聚氨酯foam polystyrene硬泡沫氨基甲酸乙酯rigid fo90、am urethane硬泡沫橡胶rigid foam rubber玛碲脂mastic耐磨损材料anti-abrasion coating material管壳lagging cloth铁丝网hexagonal wire netting填缝材料caulking material保护层(1)jacketing sheet(2)cover sheet波纹铝板corrugated aluminum sheet有色镀钢板precoated galvanized sheet搭板butt strapZ型接头Z-jiont8.2防腐，涂料色标colour-code孟塞尔色系Munsell notation管道91、识别色identification of piping system防腐层external coating油漆paint清漆varnish防腐漆(1)anti-corrosive paint(2)rush-proof paint含铝漆aluminum paint底漆primer耐酸漆acid-proof paint耐碱漆alkali-proof paint耐热漆heat-resisting paint测热漆thermo-paint绝缘漆insulating varnish表面处理surface preoaration涂漆painting阴极保护cathdic protection8.3振动解析92、机械振动mechanical vibration自由振动free vibration强制振动force vibration自励振动self-excited vibration固有频率natural frequency固有周期natural peirod波谷loop波峰node正弦振动sinusoidal oscillation非线性振动non-linear oscillation阻尼振动damped vibration临界阻尼critical damping衰减系数(1)attenuation constant(2)decay coefficient(3)decay factor共振reson93、ance扭曲振动torsional vibration挠性振动flexural vibration极限速度critical speed固有值characteristic value临界条件boundary condition弹簧系数spring constant惯性矩moment of inertia回转半径radius of gyration振动吸收装置dynamic vibration absorber液压减振器hydraulic damper弹簧减振器(1)spring damper(2)spring dampener油压缩定oil lock8.4耐震设计固有振动方式natural fr94、equency mode卓越周期predominant period基本周期first natural frquency横波transverse wave纵波longitudinal wave相对位移relative displacement质量比mass ratio静解析法static method修正静解析法corrected static method动解析法modal analysis时历响应解吸法time history respone analysis设计响应光谱design response spectrum加速响应光谱acceleration response spectrum95、地板响应光谱floor response spectrum标准响应光谱standard response spectrum加速响应增幅比acceleration response amplitude ratio刚性结构rigid struture柔性结构fiexible structure长周期结构long-period structure刚性框架Rahmen rigid frame地震波earthquake accelerogram位移量记录displaquake accelerogram设计地震design earthquake设计震度design seismic coefficient地96、震earthquake震源距离 distance to centrun震中距离distance to epicenter震吸magnitude地震波显示仪seisomscope地震仪seimograph耐震等级seismic class基岩base rock8.5应力分析外力external force内力internal force反作用力reaction force力偶coupe of force弯矩bending moment扭矩twisting moment应力stress弯曲应力bending stress扭曲应力torsional stress圆周应力hoop stress峰值应力97、peak stress一次应力primary stress二次应力secondary stress轴向应力axial stress重复应力repeated stress脉动应力pulsating stress交变应力alternating stress应变strain应变能strain energy主应力principal stress主应力理论principal stress theory最大减切应力理论maximum shearing stress theory残余应力residual stress theory热应力thermal stress热破坏thermal shock疲劳fati98、gue疲劳曲线S-N diagram疲劳极限(1)fatigue limit(2)endurance limit腐蚀疲劳corrosion fatigue蠕变creep蠕变疲劳creep fatigue尺寸效应size sffect应力集中系数coefficient of stress concentration形状系数shape coeffcient缺口系数notch factor应力强度系数stressintensity factor几何惯性矩geometricalmoment of inertia断面系数modulus of section断面极惯性矩polar moment of in99、ertia of area杨氏模量youngs modulus横向弹性系数modulus of transverse elasticity体积弹性系数modulus of volumetric elasticity泊松比poissor ratio弹性极限elastic limit屈服点yield point拉伸强度tensile strength伸长elongation永久变形permanent set弹性flexibility弹性分析elastic analysis弹性屈服elastic buckling塑性plasticity塑变滞后plasticity hysteresis极限分析lim100、it analysis弹塑性分析elastic-plastic analysis疲劳分析fatigue analysis有限元法finite element method静载荷dead load8.6流体流动水锤water hammer急关rapid closure缓关slow closure冲击波shock closure液压振动acoustic vibration of liquid flow脉动pulsaion flow两相流two-phase flow气压振动acoustic vibration卡门涡街karman eddies颤动fluttering气蚀cavitation8.7噪音101、噪音(1)noise(2)undesired sound听力范围auditory sensation area掩蔽masking背景噪音background noise声强sound intensity声压sound pressure声压值sound pressure level噪声值(1)noise level(2)sound level噪声计听觉矫正回路weighting network音平loundness level音能sound power音能值sound power level总体 值overall level90%范围90%range中间值medianNR数noise ratin102、g number频率分析器frequency analyzer倍频带octave band1/3的倍频带1/3 octave band波段值band field音场sound field方向性directivity方向系数directivity factor衍射diffration声源sound source房间常数room constant吸音律sound absorption coefficient穿透率transmission coefficient穿透损失trasmission looss质量原理mass law8.8设计条件操作压力operating pressure最高操作压力ma103、ximum operating pressure操作温度operating temperature最高操作温度maximum operating temperature温度基准base temperature腐蚀温度corrosion allowance许容应力allowable stress安全系数safety factor地理条件geological conditions9塔.槽.换热器.3加热炉9.1图面用语设备表vessel schedule工程图engineering drawing管口表(1)nozzle chart(2)nozzle schedule管口方向nozzle orie104、ntation予焊件图clip schedule切线tangent line(TL)焊缝 线weld line(WL)参照线work line(WL)基准线base line(BL)9.2容器容器vessel塔tower自支承塔self-supported tower板式塔tray tower填料塔packed tower喷淋塔spray tower槽.罐drum贮罐tanke球罐spherical tankball tank浮顶罐floating roof tank锥顶罐cone roof tank拱顶罐dome roof tank双壁罐double wall tank湿式气柜wet gas105、 holder干式气柜dry gss holder料仓(1)silo(2)bin漏斗hopper9.3内件内件internals塔盘tray tower泡罩塔盘bubble cap tray筛板塔盘perforated tray浮阀塔盘valve tray单留向式塔盘uni-flux tray波纹塔盘ripple tray塔盘板deck溢流郾weir降液管downcomer密封槽seal pot取液槽draw-off pot密封盘seal pan塔盘支承环tray support ring鲍尔环Pall ring泪孔weep hole填料packing拉希环rasching ring矩鞍形填料106、intalox saddle分布器distributor除沫器demister进料挡板feed deflector防涡流挡板vortex breaker内筒cartridge9.4主要附属品壳体shell变颈段reducing section封头head椭圆形封头ellipsoidal head碟形封头(1)dished head(2)torispherical head半球形封头hemispherical head锥形封头conical head平封头flat head加强圈reinforcing ring夹套jacket人孔manhole手孔hand hole检查孔insoection h107、ole接管nozzle凸缘pad nozzle锻制接管forged nozzle补强板reinforcing pad信号孔tell-tale hole容器支座vessel support裙座skirt支腿leg支耳support lug底座base block基础环base ring筋板gusset plate压环compression ring鞍座saddle摸板template通道access opening套管pipe sleeve连接板lug予焊件clip schedule接地板earth lug吊耳lifting lug平台platform梯子ladder保温支承insulation108、 support吊柱davit人孔绞链manhole hinge放空口vent nozzle呼吸口breather valve计量口gauge hatch9.5换热器换热器heat exchanger换热面积heat transfer area总传热系数overall heat transfer coefficient境膜传热系数film coefficient对数平均温差logarithmic mean temperaturedifference(LMD)平均温差mean temperature difference(MID)污垢系数fouling factor布管图tube arrange109、ment三角形排列triangular arrangement转角三角形排列rotated triangular arrangement正方形排列square arrangement转角正方形排列roated square arrangement最大布管图outside tube limit管壳式换热器sheet and tube heat exchanger固定管板换热器fixed tube sheet heat exchanger浮头式换热器floating head type heat exchangerU型管换热器U-tube type heat exchanger釜式换热器kettl110、e type heat exchanger套管式换热器double tube type heat exchanger冲洗式冷却器irrigation cooler蛇管式换热器coil type heat exchanger插管式换热器bayonet type heat exchanger板式换热器palte type heat exchanger螺旋板式换热器spiral heat exchanger夹套式换热器jacket type heat exchanger石墨换热器graphite heat exchanger空冷式换热器air-cooled heat exchanger换热管tube111、 arrangement折流板baffle plate管箱channel分程隔板pass partition plate浮头式换热器floating head防冲挡板impingement baffle管束tube bundle管板tube sheet管子与管板的连接tube-to-tube sheet joint管接头ferrule9.6加热炉加热炉direct-fired heater热负荷(1)heat duty(2)heat release热损失heat loss加热炉效率efficiency of heater热流率hear flux管壁温度tube skin temperature112、体积热负荷volumetric heat release辐射段radiant section对流段convection section屏蔽段shield wall坝墙bridge wallex暴露墙exposed wall屏蔽墙shielded wall管支撑tube support炉管(1)heater tube(2)furnace tube扩大表面管extended surface tube联箱(1)heater(2)heater box回管头return bend管群间连接管crossover通风draft烟道flue（烟道）挡板damper烟囱stack烧嘴burner过量空气exce113、ess air风箱wind box观察孔(1)observation door(2)peep door检修孔access door防爆门explosion door吹灰器soot door油漆清车导轨painter trolley陶瓷纤维ceramic fiber耐火砖fire brick保温耐火砖insulation fire brick保温板insulation board可铸耐火材料castable衬里支承lining anchor炉壁横梁lintel膨胀节expansion joint10.转动机械10.1转动机械轴shaft轴承bearing轴承箱bearing housing联轴节114、shaft coupling滑轮pulleyV形皮带（三角皮带）v-belt转动设备turning equipment润滑lubrication润滑油(1)lubrication oil(2)lube oil密封seal轴封shaft seal填料函packing填料箱stuffing box油膜密封oil film seal油封seal oil机械密封mechanical seal齿轮gear曲轴crankshaft连杆connecting rod十字头crosshead汽缸cylinder缸套cylinder liner汽缸阀cylinder value活塞piston金属填料metall115、ic packing予埋板soleplate基座baseplate柱塞plunger箱体（壳体）casing转子rotor平衡活塞balance piston迷宫密封labyrinth 叶轮impeller轴套sleeve耐磨环wearing ring灯笼环(1)lantern ring(2)seal cage10.2转动机械能轴动力(1)shaft power(2)brake horsepower额定制动马力rated brake horsepower齿轮传动损失gear loss机械效率mechanical efficiency机械损失mechanical loss额定转数rated sp116、eed最大连续转数maximum continuous speed旋转油膜oil whirl临界速度critical speed转矩clockwise启动转矩torque性能performance特性charateristics压头head液压功率hydraulic horsepower活塞位移piston displacement体积效率volumetric efficiency显示图indicator diagram压力脉冲率pressure pulsation ratio10.3泵泵pump泵效率pump efficiency气蚀cavitation气蚀系数cavitation coef117、ficient净正吸入压头net positive suction head离心泵centrifugal pump混流泵（斜流泵）mixed-flow pump轴流泵axial pump容量泵displacement type pump往复泵（活塞泵）rotary pump旋转泵rotary pump再生泵regenerative pump底阀foot valve10.4压缩机.风机等压缩机compressor压缩机效率compressor efficiency往复式压缩机reciprocating compressor间隙容积clearance volume隙囊clearance pocke118、t减压器unloader离心式压缩机centrifugal compressor轴面压缩机axial compressor涡论压缩机turbocompressor鼓风机blower风机fan涡论式鼓风机turboblower涡轮风机turbofan旋浆式风机multi-blade fan罗茨鼓风机(1)roots blower(2)two-lobe blower螺杆式压缩机screw compressor湍震surging中间冷却器intercooler 后冷却器（二冷却器）aftercooler缓冲器snubber10.5透平透平turbine冲动式透平impulse turbine反作用式119、透平reaction turbine凝汽式透平condensing turbine抽气式透平extraction turbine肯压式透平back pressure turbine透平效率turbine efficiency调速器governor速度范围speed range速度调节阀speed governing valve应急调速器emergency governor跳闸速度（应急速度限）trip speed应急阀trip valve操纵阀sentinel valve10.6冷冻机冷冻机refrigerator制冷剂refrigrerant11.其他机器11.1搬运起重机运输设备mater120、ial handling输送机conveyor带式输送机belt conveyor链式输送机chain conveyor平盘输送机pan conveyor粉体输送机continous flow conveyor气力输送机pneumatic conveyor混合比weight rayio of solid to gas螺旋输送机screw conveyor振动输送机vibrating conveyor滚轴输送机roller conveyor斗式提升机bucket elevator平台给料机table feeder定量给料机(1)constant feeder(2)constant feed we121、igher地平scale包装机packing machine缝袋机sewing machine热封口机heat sealer卷扬机hoist倒链，葫芦chain block天车overhead crane悬臂起重机jib crane龙门起重机gantry crane倾倒卸货机car dumper手推车hand cart储存场装卸输送机recluimer铲式装料机shovel loader起运卸货机ship loader堆积机ship unloader码垛机stacker卸垛机palletizer叉车depalletizer鹤管loading arm11.2粉碎粉碎crushing粉碎机crus122、her碾磨机mill破碎机disintegrator比粉碎能力specific crushing capacity粉碎比crushing ratio粉碎性grindability筛网screen切裁尺寸cut size丝网mesh集尘器dust collector空气过滤器(1)air cleaner(2)air filter旋风分离器cyclone多管式旋风分离器multiclone集趁效率dust collecting efficiency再飞散re-entrainment11.3化学机械离心分离机centrifuge澄清器decanter过滤器filter过滤介质filter mediu123、m滤饼filter cake板框式压滤机filter press叶滤机leaf filter转鼓过滤机drum filter带式过滤机belt filter盘式过滤机pan filter预涂助滤剂的过滤机precoat filter干燥器dryer转盘式干燥器rotary dryer流化床干燥器fluidized bed dryer气流干燥器pneumatic dryer带式干燥器band dryer喷雾干燥器spray dryer平衡含水率equilibrium moisture content临界含水率critical moisture content体积传热系数volumetric he124、at transfer cofficient热效率thermal efficient回转炉rotory kiln刨片机flacker包裹筒coating drum混料机blender混合器mixer圆筒式混合器drum mixer捏土混合器pug mixer捏和机kneader捏和搅拌机kneader mill搅拌机(1)agitator(2)stirrer造粒机pelletizer圆筒式造粒机drum granulator平板式造粒机pan granulator压缩成型briquetting造粒机pastillator挤压机extruder成型机molding machine燃烧装置flar125、ing equipment火炬烟囱elevated flare地面燃烧ground flare分子筛密封molecular seal液封fluidic seal12.公用工程12.1锅炉、蒸汽及给水系统锅炉boiler水管锅炉water tube boiler废热锅炉waste heat boiler排气锅炉exhaust gas boiler混合燃料锅炉multi-fuel fired boiler过热器superheater减温器desuperheater再热器reheater省煤器economizer空气预热器air preheater煤粉燃烧装置pulverized coal firi126、ng equipment燃料油燃烧装置fuel oil firing equipment助燃烧嘴（长明灯）stabilizing buener点火器(1)pilot torch(2)igniter(3)lighter起动用轻油烧嘴(1)warm-up light oil burner(2)start-up light oil burner一次空气primary烟道气再循环风机gas reirculating fan回火(1)back fire(2)blowback(3)puff不连续燃烧discontinuous combustion脉动燃烧pulsating combustion负荷调整范围127、(1)turn-down ratio(2)load ratio(3)load rang低过量空气操作low excess air operation加压燃烧pressurized combustion吹灰器soot blower锅炉自动控制系统automatic boiler control system(ABC)气体置换联锁系统purge interlok燃料油添加剂fuel oil additives灰处理装置ash hangling equipment灰沉淀池ash settling pond锅炉效率boiler efficiency循环比circulation ratio安全阀起跳试验128、safety valve operation test负荷试验排污load test排污blowdown排污罐blowdown tank蒸汽集气罐steam accumulator蒸汽转化器steam converter锅炉给水泵boiler feed water pump开车给水泵start-up feed water pump给水加热器feed water heater锅炉给水处理boiler feed water treatment锅炉内水处理internal treament发泡foaming汽水并发priming过量夹带，沸腾延迟carryover化学清洗chemical clean129、ing碱洗alkali cleaning酸洗acid cleaning12.2蒸汽轮机额定输出rated output节流调速throttle governing喷嘴增减调速nozzle cutout governing负荷限制器load limiter调速操作speed governing operation自动负载调节器automatic load regulator稳态转速变化率steady state speed regulation最大转速变化率maximum momentary speed variation调速器试验(1)governor test(2)dump test机体温度130、匹配metal matching手动停车优先master trip燃料停车优先master fuel trip锅炉随动控制boiler following control透平随动控制turbine following control锅炉、透平平行控制boiler turbine parallel control油净化器oil purifier事故用柴油发电机emergency diesel generator12.3燃气轮机燃气轮机gas turbine开式燃气轮机open cycle gas turbine闭式燃气轮机closed cycle gas turbine单轴燃气轮机single-131、shaft gas turbine平行双轴式燃气轮机straight compound gas turbine交叉双轴式燃气轮机cross-compound gas turbine气体发生器gas generator燃烧室(1)combustor(2)combustion chamber压缩机清洗设备compressor washing equipment标准额定输出standard rated output峰值输出peak output燃烧负荷combustion load自运转self-sustaining12.4电厂热电厂thermal power plant负荷系数load facto132、r内耗率auxiliary power ratio利用率utilization factor有效率availability可靠性reliabity基本负荷base load峰值负荷peak load中间负荷middle load短周期负荷fringe load长周期负荷sustained load自起动black start最小负荷操作minmum load operation冷却塔cooling tower温差approach夹带损失drift loss蒸发损失evaporation loss12.5水处理自然沉淀sedimentation凝聚coagulation沉淀settling絮凝器133、flocculator浓缩器thickener沉淀池clarifier砂滤器sand filter旁路过滤器side stream filter浓缩比concentration ratio饱和指数saturation index防腐剂corrosion inhibitor分散剂dispersant化学药品注入chemical dosing软化装置softener脱盐装置demineralizer离子交换树脂ion exchange resin处理能力breakthrough capacity树脂交换能力exchange capacity再生效率regenerative efficiency再生134、能力regernrative level2床3塔two beds three towers纯水器polisher反渗透reverse osmosis(RO)电渗析electrodialysis(ED)活性污泥alctivated sludge曝气aeration返送污泥return sludge剩余污泥excess sludge污泥消化sludge digestion滴滤池trickling filter浮法(1)floatation(2)flotation甲烷发酵methane fermentation笑话nitrification脱氮denitrification混合液中挥发性mixed 135、liquor volatile悬浮物质suspended solids絮凝体flocculator浮渣scumBDD负荷BOD loading污泥膨胀bulking12.6水质水质quality of water碱性alkalinity硬度hardness暂时硬度temporary hardness永久硬度permanent hardness硬水hard water软水soft water电导率electric conductivity残留氮residual chlorine溶解固体dissolved solids灼烧损失ignition loss水垢量evaporation residue灼136、烧残渣ignition residue浊度turbidityBDD（生化需氧量）biochemical oxygen demandCDD（生化需氧量）chemical oxygen demand高锰酸钾消耗量permanganate consumption溶解氧dissolved oxygen(DO)大肠杆菌数most probable number of coliformgroup(MPN)13.化工操作及工厂装置名称13.1反应化学反应chemical reation反应器reactor聚合釜polymerizer裂解cracking重整reforming重整炉reformer歧化disp137、roportionatiom烷基化alkylation脱烷基化dealkylation烷基转移transalkylation氢化（加氢）hydrogenation脱氢dehydrogenation加氢脱硫hydrodesulfurization加氢处理hydrotreating氢化裂解hydrocracking脱沥青deasphalting焦碳罐coke drum（CO）转换器shift converter甲烷转换器methanator分解器decomposer再生塔regenerator13.2吸收、吸付、分离吸收塔absorber洗涤塔scrubber脱CO2塔decarbonator吸附138、塔adsorber脱气器degasifier干燥器dryer空气干燥器air dryer减湿装置dehumidifier汽提塔stripper萃取塔extractor净化器purifier深冷分离low temperature separation蒸馏塔(1)distillatior(2)fractionator精馏塔rectifier常压蒸馏topping常压蒸馏塔topper稳定器stabilizer浓缩器concentrator结晶器crystallizer闪蒸罐flash drum分离器separator湿气分离器mist separator缓冲罐knock-out drumAPI分离139、器API separator油分离器OIL separator油水分离器decanter沉淀器settler13.3热交换换热器heat exchanger在线换热器transfer heat exchanger加热炉furnace预热器preheater再热器reheater冷却器cooler深冷器chiller再沸器reboiler热虹吸再沸器thermosiphon reboiler蒸发器evaporator气化器vaporizer冷凝器condenser尾气冷凝器vent condenser省煤器economizer融解槽melter浸没燃烧submerged combustion废热140、锅炉waste heat boiler辅助锅炉auxilialy boiler13.4其他接受器receiver贮槽(1)reservoir(2)holder集气罐accumulator缓冲器buffer脉冲衰减装置pulsation damper计量罐(1)measuring tank(2)metering tank急冷塔quencher喷射器ejector升压器booster循环器recirculator加料器feeder焚化炉incinerator火炬（烟囱）flare stack惰性气体发生器inert gas generator空分装置air separation apparatus141、流化床操作fluid-bed operation造粒塔prilling tower海水淡化装置desalination plant14.流化名称及流体的性质14.1流体名传热介质heat transfer media载热体（热媒）heating medium冷却介质cooling meadium盐水brine催化剂catalyst聚合引发剂polymerization initiator促聚剂polymerization promoter活化剂activator聚合调整剂polymerization modifier阻聚剂polymerization inhibitor防腐剂corrosion142、 inhibitor抑制剂inhibitor稳定剂stabilizer单体monomer聚合物polymer均聚物homopolymer共聚物copolymer母料master power溶液solution乳浊液emulsion悬浊液suspension胶乳latex淤浆slurry母液mother liquor石脑油naphtla重油heavy oil芳香BTXP-P馏分P-P fractionC3馏分C3 fractionB-B馏分B-B fraction常压残渣atomospheric residue久沸残渣long residuum减压残渣vaccum residue蒸馏残渣shor143、t residuum轻馏分light-end重尾馏分heavy end溶剂solvent贫溶剂lean solvent富溶剂rich solvent萃取extract提余液raffinate重整产品reformate液化天然气LNG(liquefied natural gas)液化石油气LPG(liquefied petroleum gas)干气dry gas酸性气sour gas无硫气sweet gas氮氧化物NOx硫氧化物SOx合成气synthesis gas转换气converted gas分子筛molecular gas活性铝（氧化铝）(1)activated alumina(2)act144、ive alumina14.2流体的性质蒸汽压vapor pressure临界温度critical temprature临界点critical point临界压力critical pressure比热specific heat潜热latent heat湿度humidity密度density比重specific gravityAPI重度API gravity粘度viscosity动力粘度kinetic viscosity粘度指数viscosity index比粘度specific viscosity倾点pour point云点cloud point凝固点freezing point融点melti145、ng point浓度concentrationcontent颜色huecolor气味ordersmell闪点flash point引火点ignition point热值heating value辛烷值octane numberO-valueO-rating特性系数characterization factorPONA分析PONA analysis博士法试验doctor test碘值iodine numberI-value溴值bromine number焦碳残渣carbon residue铜板腐蚀核试验copper corrosion test蒸馏曲线distillation curave14.146、3粉体特征安息角angle of repose壁面摩擦系数coefficient of wall friction颗粒密度particle density粉体密度powder density粘度分布particle size distribution末端速度terminal velocity15.操作15.1操作，维护操作说明书operating instruction标准操作程序standard operating procedure开车start-up试车running-in在操作中（在运转中）on stream装载laod up装罐（产品）run-down停车shut-down预防修理（147、小修）turn-down正常停车normal shutdown运转周期run length冲洗flushing喷射清洗jet cleaning化学清洗chemical cleaning大修overhaul盘车barring研磨lapping干燥dry out电干燥electric drying运转中检查（在线检查）on-stream inspection在线维修on-stream maintenance生产保全productive maintenance间歇操作batch operation半间歇操作semi-batch operation连续操作continuous operation制备p148、reparation补充make-up回收recovery再生regeneration循环circulation再循环recycle除焦decoking放空vent蒸汽吹扫steaming out吹扫purge抽真空evacuation吹出blow-off排污blowdown息火blow-out事故排放emergency vent安全放空conservation vent阻火器flame arrester防爆膜（爆破片）rupture disc安全泄气阀safty valve事故切断阀emergency valve过流防止阀excess flow valve排放阀discharg valve破149、真空vaccum breaker大气腿barometric leg锁开locked open锁关locked closed铅封开（未经允许不得关闭）car sealed open旁路by-pass操作管线on-steam line备用stand-by15.2操作状态污染contamination波动fluctuation操作稳定性operating stability溢流、液泛flooding沟流channeling停留时间(1)residence time(2)retention time滞留量hold-up界面interface飞沫priming物沫夹带entrainment漏液weepi150、ng发泡foaming回火back-fire净正吸入压头NPSH回流reflux转化率conversion进料feed输入intake冷凝液condensate放净drain塔顶流出物overhead釜液bottoms饱和蒸汽saturated steam过热蒸汽superheated steam直接蒸汽live steam窒息蒸汽smothering steam鼻烟蒸汽snuffing steam雾化蒸汽atomizing steam16.防灾和环保16.1消防设备水龙头fire hose水管接口water nozzle消防栓hydrant供水口siamese connection泡沫灭火剂151、foam空气泡沫发生器air foam chamber上升管过滤器riser strainer消防软管接口fire hose connection泡沫接口foam nozzle水枪monitor喷头head喷头、喷嘴spray水喷淋（罐顶）deluge水喷淋（罐壁）drencher洒水器sprnkler雾化fog水喷淋wateringCO2灭火器CO2 extinguishing system灭火器fire extinguisher干粉灭火器dry chemical powder消防水泵fire pump稳压泵jockey pump消防车fire fighting truck急救车、救护车am152、bulance car16.2火灾报警设备自动火灾报警系统autpmatic fire alarm system监视器detecor发送器、变送器transmitter接收器receiver转送器(1)translater(2)repeater火灾监视区fire watching zone火灾检测区fire sending zone漏电报警器leak alarm device16.3其它防火设备阻火器flame arrester紧急切断阀emergency isolation valve安全（泄气）阀safty valve爆破片（膜）rupture disc联锁inter lock防护堤dik153、e防爆墙explosion proofing wall避雷器lighting arrester避难指示灯emergency diretional light避难路标emergency diretional indication航空标识灯(1)aircraft warning light(2)aircraft obstruction light静电保护protection of static electricity线桥bonding地耳earth lug气体检测器gas detector噪音累积器noise exposure meter16.4电气防爆防爆结构explosion-protecte154、d construction增安型increased safety type隔爆型flameproof type本质安全型(1)intrinsically safety type(2)intrinsic safety type正压通风型pressurizzed type浸油型oil-immersed type特殊型special type允许温升时间permissible locjed-rotor time本安回路intrisically safe circuit本安连接回路associated circuit of intrinsically safesystem非本安回路non-intri155、nsically-safe circuit本安电器设备intrinsically safe apparatus安全栅barrier正压通风室pressuried room密封sealing防爆容器enclosure vessel16.5危险场所、火灾、爆炸危险区(1)hazardous area(2)hazardous location爆炸气体环境危险区hazardous areas for explosive gasatmosphere粉尘危险区hazardous area for dust爆炸气体explosive gas粉尘dust危险源source of hazard爆炸等级explo156、sion class引燃温度组别ignition point引燃点(1)ignition point(2)fire point闪点flash point爆炸极限(1)limit of explsion(2)explosive limits蒸汽密度vapor density点火源ignition source静电static electrification爆炸explosion气体爆炸gas explosion粉尘爆炸dust explosion蒸汽爆炸vapor explosion最小点火能minmum ignition energy自燃spontaneous ingition燃烧热heat 157、of combustion燃烧波combustion wave燃烧速度speed of combustion爆轰detonation爆轰波detonation wave火球fire ball一次灾害primary disaster二次灾害secondary disater16.6化学设备、危险物、有害物允许浓度acceptable concentrations缺氧want of oxygen听力下降hearing loss16.7安全安全工程safety engineering人类工程学human engineering人机系统man-machine system定期维修preventive 158、maintenance维修率maintainability利用率availability可靠性reliability持续性redundancy故障率failure rate故障分类failure mode故障间隔平均时间mean time between failures故障分类及影响分析failure mode and effect analysis故障数分析fault tree analysis安全性safety减灾对策fail-safe防止误操作fool-proof安全评价safety assessment工业事故industrial accident工业安全industrial saf159、ety安全管理safety management生产事故labor accident人身伤害personal injury事故统计accident statistics事故费accident cost伤害原因injury source人身防护用具personal protective equipment急救first aid劳动环境labor environment16.8公害环境评估environmental assessment环境标准environmental standard大气污染air pollution水污染water pollution噪音noise土壤污染soil conta160、minationsoil pollution地基下沉land subsidence18 电气（含通信）18.1 图面电气用图例符号graphical symbol for electricalapparatus室内配线用符号graphical symbol for interior wiringdiagram for architectural单线图single line diagram电力分布图power distribution diagra总接线图overall connection diagra顺序接线图，原理图(1)sequence diagram(2)schematic diagr161、am盘后接线图panel-back connection diagram装置内部接线图device-inside connection diagram连锁框图inter lock block diagram继电器整定一览表replay setting schedule电机一览表motor schedule危险区域图hazardous area plan防爆设备一览表list of explosion-protetion for electricalequipment in hazarous areas单元配置图electrical equipment layout电动机控制中心柜表electr162、ical equipment schedule主电缆走向图main cable route plan配线布置图wiring layout电缆布置图detail drawing for cable arrangement电缆支架布置图cable rack layout电缆一览表cable schedule接地线布图(1)grounding layout(2)earthing layout照明回路一览表lighting panelboard circuit schedule照明灯具一览表lighting fixture schedule通信系统布置图communication system lay163、out火警系统布置图fire alarm system layout电气工程典型详图typical detail drawing for electricalwork外形尺寸图outline dimension drawing端子箱详图terminal box detail drawing电气材料一览表list of construction material of electricalwork18.2电气一般直流direct current(d-c)交流alternating current(a-c)脉动电流pulsating current电功率electric power有效功率(1)p164、ower frequency(2)effective power频率frequency市电频率(1)power frequency(2)commerical frequency高次谐波higher harmonics有效值，均方根值(1)effective value(2)root-mean-square value最大值maximum value峰值(1)crest value(2)peak value平均值mean value波形系数wave-form factor失真率distorsion factor相位phase相序(1)phase sequence(2)order of phase165、 rotation efficiency效率efficiency损失loss功率因数power factor功率因数补偿power factor improvement接线方式connection中性点neutral point中性线(1)neutral line(2)neutral condutor配电线路方式distribution line system电压voltage低压low toltage高压high voltage特别高压extra-high voltage超电压ultra-high voltage标准高压standeard voltage公称电压nominal valtage166、最高电压maximu voltage额定电压rated voltage线电压(1)line-to-line voltage(2)line voltage相电压phase voltage外加电压(1)applied voltage(2)impressed voltage对地电压(1)line-to-ground voltage(2)voltage to ground终端电压terminal voltage剩余电压residual voltage反常电压abnormal voltage冲击电压impluse voltage电涌电压surge voltage开闭异常电压swiching abnorm167、al voltage接触电压touch voltage阶越电压step voltage绝缘强度dielectric strength漏电距离creepage distance绝缘距离insulation clearance电压调节、稳压voltage regulation电压降voltage drop瞬间电压降voltage dip电流current额定电流rated cuurent许用电流allowable curent启动电流starting current冲流、涌流(1)rush current(2)inrush current短路电流short-circuit current接地电流(168、1)ground-fault current(2)earth-fault current激磁电流exciting current充电电流charging current放电电流discharging current短时电流short-time current断路电流(1)interrupting current(2)breaking current断路时间(1)iterrupting time(2)breaking time接通电流making current接通时间(1)making time(2)closing time操作时间、工作时间operating time启动时间starting169、 time阻抗电压impendance voltage负荷burden导体conductor半导体semiconductor绝缘体(1)insulator(2)insulating material电阻resistance电阻率(1)resistivity(2)specific resistance内阻internal resistance电抗reactance阻抗impedance磁感应magnetic induction电磁力electromagnetic force电磁感应electromagnetic induction电感inductance静电static electrcity静电170、力electrcitic induction静电感应electrcitic force电容(1)electrcitic capacity(2)capacitance感应干扰electrical interference effect气体放电gaseous discharge无照电流dark current火花放电spark discharge电晕放电crona discharge电弧放电arc discharge辉光放电glow discharge集肤效应skin effect电蚀electrohytic corrosion电防蚀、阴极效应cathodic protection触电electr171、ic shock漏电leak18.3电源和配电电源power source市电电源(1)commercial power(2)purchased power自备电源(1)generated power(2)in plant generated power正常电源normal power supply备用电源stand-by power supply应急电源emergency power supply不停电电源uninterruptible power supply发电power generation发电厂(1)power station(2)power plant受电站receiving st172、ation变电所substation配电室switch room配电所switch yard功率通量power flow输电power transmission输电线transmission line输电系统transmission system输电端sending end输电电压trabsmission voltage输电端电压sending end voltage交叉换位transposition受电站(1)power distribution(2)power reception接受端receving end受电电压receving voltage配电power distribution配173、电线 disribution line干线(1)main line(2)trunk line支线branch line电源线feeder配电系统distribution system配电电压distribution voltage模拟母线mimic bus母线(1)bus(2)busbar接地母线(1)grounding bus(2)earthing bus责任分界点responsibility transfer point用电户eiectric power consumer最大需用电力maximum demand最大电负荷(1)maximum load(2)maximum power电消耗p174、ower consumption安装负荷installed load需用率demand factor负荷率laod factor盐腐salt contamination停电(1)power failure(2)service interruption接地故障(1)ground fault(2)earth fault断线breaking of wire短路short-circuit过载电流over current过载电压overvoltage欠压undervoltage带电电线hot-line18.4电气设备电气设备electrical equipment直流发电机d-c generator交流175、发电机(1)a-c generator(2)alternator同步发电机synchronous genetor感应发电机induction gemerstor发电机generator set发电机电动机generator-motor直流电动机d-c motor同步电动机synchronous motor感应电动机induction motor鼠笼式感应电动机squirrel-cage induction motor饶线感应电动机wound-rotor induction motor交流感应电动机a-c commutator motor转子rotor定子stator电枢armature整流子c176、ommutator磁场field励磁excitation励磁电流exciting current励磁机exciter阻尼线圈(1)damper winding(2)amortisseur winding同步synchronism同步速度synchronous speed牵入pull-in牵出pull-out同步化synchronization振动、猎振hunting启动starting起动电流starring current起动时间starting time起动器startor起动变阻箱starting rheostat启动补偿器(1)starting compensater(2)auto-t177、ransformer starting直接启动direct-on line starting星三角启动(1)star-delta starting(2)auto-transformer starting补偿器启动(1)compensator starting(2)auto-transformer starter部分绕组启动part-winding starting电抗器启动reactor starting短路环shading coil旋转方向direction of rotation满负载速度full-load speed变速电动机(1)variable speed motor(2)adjus178、table speed motor速度调节装置speed control equipment转矩torquue满负荷转矩full-load torque转矩-速度曲线torque-speed curve反向制动plugging发电制动dynamic braking再生制动regenerative braking微动inching短路系数short-circuit ratio轴承电压shaft voltage涡流cross current回转磁场revolving magnetic field磁场中心magnetic center轴向间隙end play推力thrust轴承bearing机座号f179、rame number外壳enclosure变压器tranformer匝数比turn ratio最大效率maximum efficiency极性polarity保油箱conservator接地屏蔽grounded shield抽头转换开关tap changer滑线调压器slide voltage regulator交流不停电电源装备（UPS）(1)uninterruptible a-c power supplysystem(2)non-breaking a-c power supplysystem电动发电机组motor-generator set蓄电池(1)storaye battery(2)180、accumulator铅蓄电池lead-acid battery碱性蓄电池alkaline battery放电率discharge rate放电终了电压final discharge voltage充电器battery charger补充电initial charger浮充电floating hcarge整流器equalizing charge静电电容器rectifier(1)power capacitor(2)static condenser电感式调压器induction voltage regulator自动调压器automatic voltage regulator自动同步机selsyn181、 配电板switchboard封闭式配电盘metla-enclosed switchboard单元封闭式配电盘unit metal-enclosed switchboard开启式配电盘open type switchboard密封配电盘cubicle铠装配电盘metalclad switch board负荷中心柜load center cubicle电力中心柜power center cubicle电动机控制中心柜(1)control center cubicle(2)motor control center拼式配电盘mosac switchboard照光配电盘luminated switch182、board配电板panels grouped to form a switchboardpanel-back wiring(1)distrbution board(2)panel board开关装置switchgear断路器circuit breaker(CB)18.5控制，运行保持holding复位、重置reset设定setting释放release脱离drop-out激磁energized跳闸tripping中断、切断(1)interruption(2)interrupting(3)breaking断路(1)disconnecting(2)isolating继电器relay延时继电器tim183、e relay控制开关control switch接点、触点contact指示灯pilot lamp试验端子testing terminal运行、操作、运转running,operating,working关闭closing自清理作用(1)self-cleaning effect(2)self-wiping effect反跳(1)chattering(2)bouncing潜动creeping浮动、漂浮floating熔和融点welding of contact烧毁(1)burning(2)burn-out连续运行continuous duty短时间运行short-time duty间歇运行in184、termittent duty周期运行，定期运行periodic duty操作系数operating facror连续运行定额continuous rating短时间运行定额short-time rating18.6接地接地(1)grounding(美)(2)earthing (英)静电接点保护grounding for static-electricityprotection避雷接地grounding for lightning protection系统接地system grounding有效接地系统effectively grounded system连续接地inter-connected185、 grounding接地母线grounding bus接地贿赂grounding circuit接地阻抗(1)grounding resistance(2)resistance to ground接地装置grounded conductor中性点接地装置neutral grounding device接地导（线）体grounded conductor避雷针（器）(1)lightning rod(美)(2)lightning previnter(英)架空地线overhead ground wire雷(1)lightning(2)thunder雷击lightning stroke18.7照明照明l186、ighting照明illumination照明器具(1)lighting fixture schedule(2)luminaire(3)lighting fitting光源luminous source光通量luminous flux光强度luminous intensity照度(1)illuminance(2)intensity of illumination辉度luminance光强度分布曲线(1)luminous intensity distribution curve(2)light distribution curve等照度曲线(1)isoluxcurve(2)isophoto cu187、rve照度标准(1)standard level of illumination(2)standard illumination intensity照明利用率(1)coefficient of utilization(2)utilization factor维修率maintenance factor房号指示room index作业面working plane发光率(1)luminaire efficiency(2)light output ratio of fitting光照效率(1)efficiency of luminous source(2)luminous efficiency of 188、lamp复色性color rendering properties荧光luminescence电加热electric heating电阻加热resistance heating电弧加热arc heating感应加热induction heating电感加热dieletric heating红外线加热infrared radiation heating管线电伴热electric heating of pipe line绝缘电线sheathed wire电炉electric furnace18.8通信通信系统(1)intercommunication system(2)communication 189、system清晰度(1)articulation(2)percent articulation可懂度(1)intelligibility percent(2)intelligility噪音、杂音noise听觉范围auditory sensation area音强sound intensity音压sound pressure音压等级sound pressure level噪音等级(1)noise level(2)sound level响度loudness level输出声音功率sound power of source功率等级power level增益gain信噪比signal-to-noise190、 ratio周波特性frequency characterisitic方向特性directivity characteristic阻抗匹配impehdance matching衰减器attenuator放大器amplifier电话(1)telephone(2)telephony电话机电话交换机(1)telephone exchange(2)telephohe exchanger内部交换机private branch-exchange(PBX)内部中转台attendant board分散式中转系统subsciber-attended PABX system电话中转器(1)telephone re191、peater(2)repeater局内线指示箱trunk line indication box夜间转送装置night transfer set寻呼系统pulic address system自动寻呼交换机automatic exchange with pulicaddressing fuction传呼系统(1)paging system(2)paging equipment听筒handset音响、喇叭(1)speaker(2)loud speaker按纽式对讲机press-to-talk conversation电话会议conference talk对讲机interphone记时系统cloc192、k system工业用电视interphone监视器(1)monitor television(2)picture monitor无线通讯设备(1)radio communication equipment(2)wireless communication equipment固定台fixed station移动台mobile sation天线antenna（美）aerial（英）发射机transmitter接收机receiver收发机无线话筒transmitter-receiver调制modulation解调selectivity选择性sensitivity灵敏度sensitivity保真度f193、idelity18.9配线材料电线(1)electric wire(2)wire绝缘电线insulated wire聚氯乙烯绝缘电线(1)polyvinyl-chloride insulated wire户外用聚氯议席绝缘电线outdoor weather-proof polyvinyl-chloride insulated wire(OW-wire)架空滑触线trolley wire软导线cord导线截面积conductor cross-section area心线cord电缆(1)cable(2)electric cable电视摄象机television camera护套sheath铠装a194、rmor橡皮绝缘线(1)cabtyre cable(2)flexible insulated cable无机绝缘电缆mineral insulated cable组合槽电缆combined duct cable屏蔽电缆(1)shielded cable(2)fliexible tough cable充油电缆oil-filled cable电缆头cable headcable pot-head电缆沟cable trench电缆槽cable trough电缆管cable duct电缆支架，托架(1)cable rack(2)cable tray地下槽(1)floor duct(2)under fl195、oor duct电线管raceway悬缆线messenger wire导线管conduit tube刚性金属电线管rigid steel conduit铝电线管aluminum conduit硬聚氯乙烯电线管hard polyvinyl-chloride conduit柔性电线管flexible conduit电线管附件(1)conduit fittings(2)condulets接线箱junction box穿线盒pull box（电线）地盒floor box电源插座盒outlet box插座（孔）(1)receptacle(2)socket outlet压线板crimp terminal夹196、紧端子compression terminal铜管端子copper pipe terminal夹子接线端clamp terminal线夹cleat绝缘胶带adhesive tape自粘胶带self-bonding tape紧固线binding wiretie wire绝缘膏compound绝缘子insulator18.10电气施工配线wiring暗配线concealed wiring明配线exposed wiringopen wiring电缆铺设cable laying地下线路underground line地上线路on-ground line架高线路overhead line接头connec197、tionjoint端头处理terminationcable end treatment铝热焊thermit welding母线槽配线工作bus duct wiring work绝缘线架线工作insulator-supported wiring work18.11测定、试验接地电阻试验grounding resistance testearth resistance test绝缘电阻试验insulation resistance test绝缘耐压试验dielectric strength testhigh-voltage withstand test极性测试polarity checking t198、est绝缘油试验insulation oil checking test温度上升试验temperature rose test继电器试验relay checking test机构动作试验mechanism operating test动作顺序试验(1)sequence test(2)verification of operational function旋转方向测试check of direction of rotation无负荷试验no-load test负荷试验actual loading test导通试验continuity test通电试验energizing test点灯试验ligh199、ting on-off test精度等级accuracy class精度precision双功率表法two-wattmeter method电压降法fall-of-potential method仪用变压器instrument transformer分流器shunt multiplier增倍器current tranformer(CT)零序电流互感器Zero-phase seuqence currenttranformer(ZCT)电压互感器(1)potentical transformer(2)voltage transformer探测线圈search coil动圈式仪表moving-coi200、l type meter电力测功计electrodynamometer type meter广角式测量仪wide angle type meter扩展刻度盘extended seale电流表ammeter电压表voltmeter电子电压表electronic voltmeter功率表wattmeter电度表(1)watt-hour meter(2)integrating power meter最大需用量maximum demand meter功率因数表power-factor meter频率表frequency meter磁通量表fluxmeter电流表galvanometer电位差计pote201、ntionmeter单臂（惠斯登）电桥wheatstone bridge双电桥double bridge双交流桥a-c bridge接地电阻计(1)grounding-resistance meter(2)earthing-resistance meter兆欧表(1)insulation resistance meter(2)megger耐电压试验器withstand voltage tester绝缘油耐压试验器withstand voltage tester for insulationoil介质损耗仪dielectric loss tangent meter继电器试验仪relay test202、er电路测试仪(1)circuit test(2)tester电路电流计line current tester相序指示器phase rotation indicator周陡计数器cycle counter频闪仪stroboscope测速器tachometer照度计illumination meter19.仪表19.1图面仪表盘布置图instrument arrangement on panel模拟盘尺寸图flow plan for graphic panel仪表供电及接地系统图instrument power supply groundingdiagram连锁系统图inter lock blo203、ck diagram仪表回路图instrument loop diagram仪表导压管连接图instrument pressure piping hook-up仪表蒸汽伴热管连接图instrument steam tracing hook-up分析仪器管连接图analyzer piping hook-up控制室内仪表盘布置图layout of instrument panel in controlroom控制室内管线布置图layout of instrument wiring piping incontrol room仪表主电缆桥架布置图layout of instrument main ca204、ble duct仪表主电缆布置图layout of instrunebt main cable仪表接线图layout of instrument wiring仪表空气配管图（信号）layout of instrument air piping-signal air仪表空气配管图（供气）layout of instrument air piping-supplyair仪表公用工程管线布置图layout of utility piping for instrument仪表接地布置图grounding layout for instrument现场仪表布置图polt plan of field in205、strument仪表配管、配先区域划分图key plan for instrument layout drawing仪表安装图typical drawing for insrumentation fieldwork预制件制作图typical drawing for instrumentfabrication仪表管线连接端子表instrument wiring tubing connectionlist控制市内管先连接端子表instrument wiring tubing connectionlist in control room仪表施工材料表material list for instrum206、ent19.2仪表控制模拟信号analog signal数字信号digital signal反馈控制feedback control串级控制casecade control超驰控制override control分配控制bath control顺序控制sequence control比例控制proportional control action积分控制intergral control action微分控制derivative control action两位控制on-off control action正作用direct action反作用reverse action报警装置annuncia207、tor联锁系统inter lock system计数器data logger巡回检测器scanner演算器computing element力平衡force balance位移平衡motion balance变送器transmitter仪表保温伴热一览表heating schedule仪表设备一览表instrument schedule19.3测试仪器热电器thermocouple热电阻resistance thermometer bulb双金属温度计bimetallic type dial thermometer温度计保护管thermowell冷端(1)reference junction(208、2)cold junction熔断burn-out补偿导线extension wire孔板orifice圆心孔板concentric orifice偏心孔板eccentric orifice圆缺孔板segmental orifice文丘里管venturi tube流量喷嘴blow nozzle取压方式orifice taps法兰取压flange taps1D，1/2D取压1D and 1/2D taps角接取压corner taps毕托管pitot tube面积式流量计variable area flow meter容积式流量计positive displacement flow meter透209、平流量计turbine meter电磁流量计magnetic meter压力开关pressure switch差压变送器differential pressure transmitter压力计manometer玻璃管液位计tubular type gage glass反射式玻璃板液位计reflex type gage glass透光式液位计through-vision type gage glass浮子式液位计displacer19.4控制阀和安全阀saunders阀门saunders valve自立式阀门self-acting control valve阀门定位器valve position210、er分程split range故障保持failure lock阀门流量特性曲线flow characteristic of valve幅度变化范围rangeablityCV值CV value阀门驱动器valve actuator安全阀safety valve微起式low lift全起式high lift直通式full bore valve驰放阀relief valve设定压力set pressure累计压力accumulation超压over pressure19.5其他全模拟盘full-graphic panel半模拟盘semi-graphic panel操作柜console panel仪表211、盘安装形式flush mount工业用气象色谱仪process gas chromatograph红外线分析仪infrared analyzer 热导分析仪thermal conductivity analyzer采样系统sampling system微型阀门miniature valve空气过滤减压器air filter regulator三阀组3-valve manifold隔离罐seal pot冷凝罐condensate pot排放罐drain pot虹吸管(1)siphon pipe(2)siphon tube脉动阻尼器pulsation dempener接线箱junction box212、隔板bulkhead支座管pipe stachion底座channel base分析计屋analyzer shed升压继电器booster relay记录仪辅助继电器trend recorder辅助继电器pilot relay20.土建20.1图面、计算、规定工程图engineering drawing工厂制造图shop drawing施工图working drawing大样图full-size drawing最终图、竣工图as-built drawing平面布置图plan立面详图framing elevation剖面详图section detail配筋图bar arrangement长期荷载213、(1)permament load(2)long-time load(3)long-term load(4)sustained load短期荷栽(1)temporary load(2)short-time load(3)short-time load静荷载、恒载dead load活荷载(1)live load(2)superimposed load动力荷载dynamic load风荷载wind load雪荷载snow load地震荷载(1)seismic load(2)earthquake load土压力earth pressure轴向荷载axle load轮压wheel load允许压力al214、lowable unit stress28天强度four-week age strength地基承载力、地耐力bearing capacity of soil桩承载力bearing capacity of pile建筑面积building area楼层面积floor area建筑总面积tatal floor area檐高eaves height确认申请application for confirmation一层(1)1st floor(美）(2)ground floor（英）二层(1)2nd floor(美）(2)1st floor（英）地下室basement雨蓬penthouse静力荷载st215、atic load20.2调查室外温度(1)outdoor temperature(2)ambient temperature风速wind velocity主导风向most frequent wind direction降雨量(1)amount of rainfall(2)rainfall depth降雨强度rainfall intensity积雪量amount of deposited snow冻结深度(1)depth of frost penetration(2)freezing depth地震系数(1)seismic coefficient(2)seismic factor地形测量、勘察216、topographical survey水准点bench mark(BM)三角点(1)triangulation survey(2)station of triangulation基准面(1)datum plane(2)datum refernce土质调查、土质勘察(1)soil exploration(2)soil investigation钻井柱状图(1)columnar section(2)boring log地下水位ground-water level标准贯入实验standarsd penetration test(SPT)荷兰式贯注试验dutch cone penetration t217、est平板载荷试验plate loading test软弱地基poor subsoil岩石地基base rock粘性土cohesive soil沙土sandy soil黄土loam第三纪层tertiary deposit第四纪层quarternary deposit洪积土层diluvial deposit冲击土层allurrial deposit火成岩igneous roack水成岩、沉积岩sedimentary rock变质岩、变成岩metamorphic rock淤泥silt20.3建筑设计钢筋混凝土结构reinforced concrete construction钢结构steel fr218、amed construction钢骨混凝土结构steel-frame reinforced construction木结构(1)timber construction(2)wooden construction刚架rigid frame独立基础(1)individual footing(2)independent footing(3)isolated footing(4)single footing条形基础、连续基础continuous footing浮筏基础(1)mat footing(2)raft footing联合基础combined footing结构构件structure memb219、er构造用木材fixture lumber柱(1)columnar section(2)post(3)pillar(4)stud(5)strut主梁、大梁girder次梁、小梁、单梁(1)joist(2)beam支撑(1)brace(2)bracing角撑、隅撑(1)angle tie(2)angle brace檩条purlin钉板furring strip窗下墙wainscot楼板夹层(1)raised flooring system(2)access flooring system楣(1)lintel(2)lintol女儿墙parapet勒脚、踢脚板(1)plinth(2)skirting220、(3)baseboard隔墙partition wall防火门fire door天窗skylight通风顶、采光顶monitor roof水落管rain leaderconductor cross-section areadownspout檐沟eaves gutter天沟valley flashingvalley fitting门窗连接件joinerybuilding fitting百叶窗louver现浇混凝土cast-in-place concretecast-in-site concretecast-in-situ concrete预制混凝土（构件）precast concrete运输中搅221、拌混凝土ready-mixed concrete加气混凝土air-entrained concrete化学添加剂chemical admixturechemical additive早强硅酸盐水泥high-early-strength portland cement圆形钢筋round bar异形钢筋deformed bar焊接钢丝（筋）网welded wire meshwelded wire fabric耐酸材料acid-proofing material钢化玻璃tempered glass铅丝玻璃wire glass石棉水泥板asbestos cement board吸音板acoustica222、l board塑料瓷砖vinyl tile水磨石terrazzo镀锌铁皮galvanized iron sheet篦子板grating形钢rolled steel section(shapes)防火层fireproofing台面table top管廊pipe rackpipe bridgepipe bank support20.4土木设计地基处理soil improvement地基沉降consolidation不均匀沉降uneven settlementdifferential settement挡土墙retaining wall铺砌pavement柔性铺砌flexible pavement刚223、性铺砌rigid pavement路宽width of carriage wayroadway width路肩shoulder侧沟gutter缘石kerbcurb旁轨、岔线railway siding车输编组站swithchyardmashalling yard车辆装载界限car clearancecar gauge建筑红线construction gaugetrack clearance轨距gagegauge枕木tiesleeper分道岔、转辙器turnoutswithch and frog岔口。道口。平面交叉grade-crossing潮位road-crossing相对基准线tide le224、vel护岸设施counter-facility防波堤breakwater埠头jetty停泊设施mooring facility码头terminal facility锚位、停泊地berth泊岸mooring wharf（码头）栈桥landing pierquaywall系缆桩dolphin护舷材、碰垫fender清淤、挖泥dredging埋填reclamation流量系数(1)coefficient of discharge(2)ratio of run-off明渠(1)open channel(2)open culvert暗沟、涵洞(1)culvert(2)close condiut集水面ca225、tch basin集水坑sump box虹吸池siphon culvert堰坝weir20.5建筑设备设计空调（空气调节）air conditioning集中空调设施central air conditioning facility单体式空调器unit air condition facility包式空调器packaged air conditioner风管系统fan coil unit加湿器humidifier最佳温度optimum temperature室内温湿度设计值indoor design temperature andhumidity冷却负荷cooling load采暖负荷heat226、ing load湿度曲线图psychrometric chart风暖、热风采暖warm air heating水暖、热水采暖hot water heating气暖、蒸汽采暖steam heating气流调节器damper扩散管anemostat进气口fresh air inlet送气口air diffuser排气口(1)air outlet(2)exhaust循环空气return air通风ventilation自然通风natural ventilation机械通风machanical ventilation局部排气local exhaust ventilation换气频率number of 227、air changs供水设备water supply facility热水提供设备hot water supply facility室内排水house drainage卫生设备sanitary fixture污水管septic water pipe缸瓦管vitrified clay pipe清扫口cleanout曝气areation净化槽septic tank通气管vent pipe20.6工程历史设施temporary work标高及布置leveling and layout脚手架scaffolding打桩(1)piping work(2)pile driving work碎石broken 228、stone排水工程(1)drain work(2)dewatering土方工程earth work开挖(1)excavation(2)digging回填（土）backfilling填土(1)banking(2)filling强夯soil compacting场地整平grading采土场地(1)borrow area(2)borrow pit支模、拆模form work模板(1)form(2)shuttering撑（脚手架）(1)tinbering(2)suppoting护角chamfer滑模sliding form混凝土施工concrete work找平混凝土标志leveling concre229、t骨料aggregate细骨料fine aggregate粗骨料coarse aggregate采石场quarry钢筋施工reinforcement work工厂制造shop work安装、装配erection of framing安装螺栓fitting bolt砖石施工、砌砖工程masonry work半砖砌筑transverse bond一砖砌筑longitudinal bond防水施工waterproof work瓷砖贴面施工tile work木工作业(1)carpentry(2)carpenters work五金施工metal work预埋件(1)inter plate(2)embed230、ded plate膨胀螺栓hole-in-anchor抹面plaster work门窗安装joiners work铺石板工作slate work油漆施工、喷漆painting work表面处理surface preparation work内装修工程interior finish work建筑设备施工building equipment work卫生管道施工plumbing21.施工21.1一般施工安装installation组装施工modular construction碎屑scrap剩料surplus materian现场组装、装配field fabrication预制prefabrica231、tion组装施工assembling work21.2土木机械塔吊tower crane打桩机pile driver铲动机scraper抓斗式挖土机clamshell拉索挖土机dagline挖掘机power shovel挖土机backhoe推土机bulldozer铲土机shovel loader平路机、压路机motor grader挖泥船dredger轮胎式压路机tire roller三轮压路机macadam roller两轮压路机tandem roller振动式压路机、夯vibrating roller压实机、夯具(1)vibro-soil compactor(2)soil-compacto232、r蛤蟆夯rammer沥青喷洒器asphalt sprayer制造沥青装置asphalt plant制造混凝土装置concrete plant混凝土搅拌机concrete mixer混凝土搅拌车(1)truck mixer(2)concrete mixing car混凝土泵concrete pump振捣器、振动器vibrator21.3起吊、搬运抱杆gin pole门式抱杆、门式塔架gate type gin pole顶梁top beam拉索猫碇guy wire anchor拉索、幌绳guy wire anchor吊索、其重绳hoisting wire牵索夹wire clips钩环、吊环shac233、kles吊索sling wire滑轮组pulley block绞盘winch汽车吊truck crane履带式起重机crawler crane铲车、叉车forklift truck浮船吊floating crane倒链chain block千斤顶jack滑块skid枕木sleeper卷轴、滚筒、辊子roller移动式输送机portable conveyor21.4试验、检查工具水压试验泵hydrostatic test pump管道镜、光学孔径仪borescope测压器voltage detector拉伸仪tension gauge振动计、示振仪vibroscope噪音计sound level234、 meter表面温度计surface thermometer光学高温计optical pyrometer指示器indicator压力表试验机pressure gauge tester风速（力）表、气流计anemometer硬度试验机hardness tester火花试验标准片standard piece for spark test21.5通用工程器材螺栓bolt螺母nut垫圈、垫片washer弹簧垫圈spring washer机器螺丝（钉）machine screw木螺丝wood screw膨胀螺栓expansion bolt预埋板insert plate地脚螺栓anchor bolt顶丝j235、ack bolt模板template型钢shape steelsection steel钢板steel plate钢筋、圆钢round steel带钢band steelhoop iron扁钢flat barflat steel钢管steel pipe管件fitting21.6作业机械车床lathe落地车床face lathe转塔式六角车床turret lathe自动车床automatic lathe螺纹加工车床thread cutting lathescrew cutting lathe立式车床vertical lathe钻床drilling machine摇（旋）臂钻radial mill236、ing machine镗床boring machine铣床milling machine立式铣床vertical milling machine刨床planerplaning machine成形机、牛头刨床shapershaping machine立刨床、插床slotterslotting machine磨床grinding machine研磨机lapping machine镗磨机honing machine超精加工机床superfinishing machinesuperfinisher抛光机buffing machinepolishing machine插齿机gear cutting ma237、chine齿轮研磨机gear grindergear grinding machine齿轮抛光机gear finish machine剥孔机、拉床broaching machine21.木工机械带锯band saw machine圆盘锯circular sawing machine刨锯planing and moulding machine木工钻wood drilling machine制榫机hollow chisel mortiser21.8制罐、扳金机械机械夹具mechanical press曲柄夹具crank press折向点夹具crankless press摩擦螺丝夹具knuckle 238、joint press压弯成型机friction screw presspress brake弯扳机bending brake锯bending roll machine剪切机sawing machine21.9各种工程用工具shearing machine发电机engneering generator移动式空气压缩机portable air compressor潜水泵submerged pump砂轮切断机abrasive cut-off machinefriction sawing machine坡口机pipe-end facing machine电焊机welding machine涨管器tu239、be expander钢筋切断机steel bar cutter钢筋弯曲机steel bar bender弯管机pipe bender攻丝工具screw cutting stool切管机pipe cutter清管器pig膨胀螺栓hole-in-anchor电缆切断器cable cutter电缆弯曲器cable bender电缆卷轴架cable jack电缆卷盘cable roller电缆牵引线fish wire终端卷边机terminal crimping tool终端压缩器terminal compressing tool电缆剥皮机cable stripper刀具metal tool开口机lo240、ck seam opener封口机lock seamer镘刀、泥铲trowel灰耙、锄mixing hoe油脂注射器grease gun检查用灯inspection light电动便携剪切机electric hand shear轻便电钻portable electric drill风钻air drillpneumatic drill砂轮grinder钢锯、弓锯hacksaw老虎钳vise夹钳、摸dies丝锥hand taps活动扳手adjustable taps wrench绞刀、扩孔锥reamer锉、锉刀file凿子、钢钎chisel冲子punch刮刀、削刀scraper扳手、扳钳wrenc241、h管钳pipi wrench力矩扳手torque wrench扳手spanner齿轮拆卸器gear puller钳子、花钳plier镊子、夹子、小钳子nipper刀具cutter改锥driver榔头、锤子hammer铁皮剪tinners scissors21.10测量工具千分尺micrometer刻度计dial gauge块规block gauge缸径规cylinder gauge极限规limit gauge游标卡尺vernier caliper深度计depth gauge厚度计thickness gauge圆角规radius gauge螺距尺screw pitch gague坡口仪groov242、e gauge尺子rule测径规caliper直角尺square直尺、标尺straightedge水准仪level平板surface plate平面规surface gaugeV形槽板v-block磁性台座magnetic bass22.检验inspection light22.1检验及处理检验inspection light质量合格标准acceptance quality level(AQL)检验及试验报告inspetion and test record材料证明书material mill test certificatematerial mill test report批量lot公差to243、lerance允差allowable error误差error表差instrument error补正correction尺寸公差dimensional tolerance圆度out-of-roundness直线度straightness错边量alignment tolerance中间检验interim inspectioninspection during fabrication ormanufacturing最终检验final inspection再检验re-inspection预组装检验temporary assembly inspection抽样检验sampling inspectio244、n文件审查document review尺寸检查dimension inspection外观检查appearance inspectionvisual inspection性能检查performance test加载试验load test空载试验no-load test闭合回路书loop test运转试验mechanical running testCV试验Cv test设顶压力试验set pressure test回座实验blowdown test22.2压力试验压力试验pressure test水压试验hydrostatic test pump气压试验pneumatic test气密试验a245、ir tightness test泄露试验leak test卤气泄露试验halogen gas leak test氦泄露实验heliun leakage test阀门打压试验seat leakage test蒸汽试验steam test盛水试验full water test真空试验vacuum test无损检验non-destructive examination(NDT)液体渗透检验liquid penetrant examination(PT)磁粉探伤 检验magetic particle examination(MT)超声波探伤检验ultrolsonic examination(UT)涡246、流探伤eddy current examination(ET)射线探伤检验radiographic examination(RT)透度计penetrameter对比计contrast meter针孔检验pinhole meter声波发射acoustic emission(AE)22.3焊接、材料试验焊接工艺评定实验welding procedure qualification test焊接性能评定试验welding performance qualification test可焊性试验weldability test裂纹实验cracking test焊缝机械性能试验production wel247、d test式样test specimen堆焊金属式样deposited metal specimen表面弯曲式样face bend specimen根部弯曲式样root bend specimen侧面弯曲式样side bend specimen拉伸试验tension test弹性极限elastic test屈服点yield point抗拉强度tensile strength屈服强度yield strength伸长率elongation断面收缩率reduction of area弯曲试验bend test成形弯曲试验guide bend test自由弯曲试验free bend test挠曲试验248、flexure test冲击试验impact test硬度试验hardness tester蠕变试验creep test蠕变强度creep strength蠕变极限creep limit蠕变断裂强度creep rupture strength疲劳试验fatigue test压扁试验flattening test压碎试验crushing test倒换检验reverse test扩口试验flaring test腐蚀试验corrosion test钼检测molybdenum detecting宏观组织检验macrostructure detecting test金相试验、微观检验microscopi249、c test硫磺检验sulphur print断口组织试验fractography23焊接，切割23.1焊接方式和种类焊接welding熔融焊fusion welding压力焊pressure welding锻接焊forge welding电阻焊electric resistance welding(ERW)高频诱导焊接high frequency induction welding热剂焊thermit welding气焊gas welding电焊arc welding惰性气体保护焊inert gas shielded arc welding氩弧焊（钨极惰性气体保护焊，TIG）TIG weld250、inginert gas shielded tungsten arcwelding金属焊条惰性气体保护焊（MIG）MIG weldinginert gas shielded metal arc weldingCO2气体保护焊CO2 gas shielded arc welding埋弧焊submerged arc welding电渣焊electroslag welding氢原子焊atomic hydrogen welding电子束焊electron beem welding爆炸焊explosive welding钎接焊brazing锡焊soldering气割gas cutting电弧气割arc 251、cutting氧气电弧切割oxy-arc cutting刨削gouging等离子流法plasma jet process焊条welding rod填充金属filler metal包剂焊条coated electrode焊丝covered eletrod焊条钳（焊把）wire for welding焊枪electrod holder焊机torch焊剂flux保护气体shield gas铝热剂thermit mixture23.2焊接设计对接接头butt joint坡口焊groove weld单面坡口single groove双面坡口double groove坡口角度groove angle半坡角252、度bevel angle坡口深度groove depth根面root faceland根部间隙root openingroot gap根圆半径root radius搭接接头lap joint盖板接头strapped lap joint啮合接头joggled lap joint端接接头edge joint角接接头corner jointT形接头tee joint+字形接头cruciform joint填角焊、贴角焊fillet weld角焊缝尺寸size of fillet weld腰高throat脚高leg length扇形切口scallop塞焊plug welding承插焊socket we253、lding焊缝weld line焊缝轴线axis of weld融合深度welding length加强高effective length of weld现场焊root of weld密封焊、封闭焊seal welding堆焊build up welding焊接符号symbol of weld垫板backing垫板焊backing weld垫底under laying预堆边焊buttering定位焊tack welding焊珠bead焊道passrun焊层layer多层焊multi-layer welding背面焊缝、底焊back run引弧板end tab运条weaving前进焊foreha254、nd welding反向焊backstep welding分段多层焊block welding环焊boxing跳焊skip welding电弧电压arc voltage焊接电流welding current焊接速度welding speed焊接姿势welding position平焊flat position横焊horizontal position立焊vertical position仰焊overhead position磁性熄焊magenetic blow飞溅spatter弧坑crater烧穿burn-through可焊性weldability test边缘加工edge preparati255、on挑焊根chippping消除应力stress relieving预热preheating后热postheating焊后热处理postweld heat treatment喷丸硬化peening焊接转动换位器positioner焊接区weld zone母材base metalparent metal焊接金属weld metal堆焊金属deposited metal specimen热影响区heat affected zone(HAZ)接合区bond zone烧化flash熔核、点核nugget焊接缺陷weld defectsweld inperfection未焊透incomplete pen256、etration未融合lack of fusion咬边undercut焊瘤overlap弧坑pit气泡blowhole夹渣slag inclusion鱼眼、白点fish eye24.材料及其损伤24.1金属材料钢steel特殊钢special steel合金钢alloy steel低合金钢low alloy steel高合金钢high alloy steel不锈钢stainless steel马氏体钢martensitic steel奥氏体钢austenitic steel耐热钢heat-resisting steel高强度钢high tensile steel高韧性钢tough and ha257、rd steel表面渗碳钢case hardening steel铸钢case steel特殊铸钢special cast steel铁iron铸铁cast iron特殊铸铁special cast iron合金铸铁alloy cast iron高级铸铁high grade cast iron珠墨铸铁spheroidal graphite iron可锻铸铁malleable cast iron铜copper青铜bronze特殊青铜special bronze铝青铜aluminum bronze硅青铜silicon bronze磷青铜phosphor bronze黄铜brass铝黄铜alumin258、um brass镀锡黄铜tinned brass白铜copper nickel镍铜合金nickel copper alloy蒙乃尔合金Monel metal铬镍铁合金Inconel耐热镍铬铁合金Incoloy20合金20 alloy钨铬钴合金stellite铬化硼系化合物colmonoy耐摩金属anti-friction metal轴承合金bearing metal巴式合金babbit metal白色金属white metal油膜轴承合金Kelmet钎料solder银钎料silver solder24.2表面处理复合钢clad steel衬里lining镀层coating涂复层overlay镀259、面surfacing均质衬里homogen lining表面硬度hard-facing金属喷涂metallikon喷涂金属metallizing电镀plating渗入处理comentation磷酸盐被膜处理parkerizing阳极氧化处理anodizing勃母石处理Boehmite treatment钝化passivation扩散硬化diffusion hardening渗氮nitriding渗碳硬化case hardning24.3材料性质强度strength ductility延性ductility韧性toughness脆性brittlenessshortness低温脆性low temp260、erature brittleness冷脆cold shortness缺口冷脆notch brittleness热脆性red shortnessred brittleness回火脆性temper brittleness转变温度transition temperature蓝脆性blue shortnessblue brittleness加工硬化work hardning沉淀硬化precipitation hardening应变时效strain aging淬火时效quench aging敏化sensitizention24.4金相及加工石墨化处理graphitization变态transforma261、tion析出precipitation hardening结晶crystallization恒温变态isothermal transformation中间组织intermediate strucrue恒温变态曲曲线线time-temperature-transformationdiagram连续冷却相变图constant cooling transformationdiagram再结晶recrestallization偏析segregation金属 间化合物intermetallic compound非金属夹杂物non-metallic inclusion钢锭ingot钢坯billet压铸件d262、ie casting离心铸件centrifugal casting冷硬铸件chill casting塑性加工plastic working冷加工cold working热加工hot working温加工warm working锻造forging轧制rolling热轧hot rolling冷轧cold rolling拨制drawing挤压extruding24.5热处理正火normalizing退火annealing扩 散加热homogenizing完全退火full annealing消除应力热处理stress relief annealing低温退火low temperature anneal263、ing球化处理spherordizing中间退火、低温退火process annealing淬火quenching部分淬火differential quenching回火tempering调质refining恒温热处理isothermal heat treatment低温热处理sub-zero treatment时效处理again人工硬化warm hardening固熔化处理solution annealing24.6材料组织及缺陷宏观组织macrostructure微观组织、显微组织microstructure树枝状组织dendritic structure柱状组织columnar stru264、cture针状组织acicular structure层状组织lamellar structure条状裂痕streak flaw折缝wrinkle seam轧裂roll burstforge burst白点white spotflake鱼眼fish eye幼影线ghost line裂纹crack淬裂quenching crack硫裂纹sulphur crack细裂纹、发裂hair crack微裂纹microcrackmicrofissure纵向裂纹logitudinal crack横向裂纹transverse crack延迟裂纹delayed cracking季裂season cracking265、软点soft spot硬点hard spot分层lamination砂眼blister气孔blowhole针孔pin hole24.7腐蚀及其他材料损伤腐蚀corrosion全面腐蚀general corrosion间隙腐蚀crevice corrosion点蚀pitting电化学腐蚀galvanic corrosion接触腐蚀contact corrosion晶间腐蚀intergranular corrosion摩擦腐蚀fretting corrosion刀切磨蚀knife line attack侵蚀erosion侵蚀腐蚀erosion corrosion脱锌dezincification应266、力腐蚀裂纹stress corrosion cracking碱蚀致脆caustic embrittlement氢脆hydrogen embrittlement氢腐蚀hydrogen attack氢气泡hydrogen blistering环境应力裂纹environmental stress cracking高温腐蚀high temperature corrosion高温氧化high temperature oxidation硫化sulfidation硝化nitrification渗碳carburization矾腐蚀vanadium attack露点腐蚀dew point corrosion24267、.8有机材料塑料plastics合成树脂synthetic resin热塑性树脂thermo-plastic resin热固性树脂thermo-setting resin强化塑料reinforced plastics合成橡胶elastomer泡沫塑料foam天然橡胶natural rubber(NR)合成橡胶synthetic rubber硅胶silicon resin氟塑料fluoroplasticsfluorocarons聚氯乙烯树脂polyvinylchloride resin(PVC)聚乙烯树脂polyethylene resin聚丙烯树脂polypropylene resin聚脂树脂268、polyester resin尼龙Nylon环氧树脂expoxy resin呋喃树脂furan resin聚偏二氯烯树脂polyvinylidene chloride resin聚氨基甲酸脂树脂polyurethane resin 丙烯酸树脂acrylic resin醛树脂urea resin三聚氰胺树脂melaine resin24.9无机材料陶瓷ceramics陶器pottery磁器porcelain陶磁合金cermets抗渗碳impervisous carbon玻璃glass石棉asbestos岩棉rock wool硅藻土diatomaceous earth蛭石vermiculite非金269、属材料non-metallic materials复合材料composite materialcomposite黑色金属ferrous metal有色金属non-ferrous metal碳钢carbon steel合金钢alloy steel25.分析25.1 分析一般化学分析chemical analysis分析化学analytical chemistry定性分析qualitative analysis定量分析quantitative analysis仪器分析instrumental analysis自动分析automatic analysis简易分析abbreviated analysi270、s快速分析rapid analysis工业分析technical analysis测定measurement检测detection测定determination检定verification鉴定indentification含量content痕量trace滴定titration分析曲线analytical curvecalibration curve分析误差analytical erroranalysis error精度precision复验性repeatability再现性reproducibility洗涤washing洗液wahings洗瓶washing bottle静置standing过滤271、filtratrion滤液filtrate沉淀剂precipitant透析dialysis蒸煮digestion浓缩concentration稀释dilution稀释剂diluent溶解dissolution盐析salting out萃取extraction蒸馏distillation沸腾boiling加热heating加热减量loss on heatingheating loss加热干燥drying by heating恒重constant weight焚烧incineration破碎crushing缩样sample reduction脱水剂dehydrating agent干燥剂desic272、cating agentdrying agentsiccative冷冻剂freezing mixture试剂reagent标准试剂primary standard substance指示剂indicator标准液standardstandard solution标定standardization当量浓度normality当量溶度normal solution基准物质primary standard25.2分析器具天平balance液体比重计hydrometerareometer试管test tube烧杯beaker烧瓶flask（容）量瓶volumeteric flask滴定管buretbur273、ette量筒measuring cylinde移液管pipetpipette吸耳球pipettor玻璃漏斗glass funnel分液漏斗separating funnelseparatory funnel烧结玻璃过滤钳锅sintered glass filter cruiblefunnel with fritted glass filter瓷漏斗buchner funnelnutshe funnel吸气器aspirator冷凝器condenser试剂瓶reagent bottle干燥剂desiccator洗气瓶scrubbing bottlegas washing bottle气体亮管gas274、 buret燃烧舟皿combustion boat研体mortar蒸发皿evaporating dish钳锅crucible钳锅钳crucible tongs浴器bath粘度计viscosimeter25.3气体分析气体分析gas analysis吸收法absorption method燃烧法combustion method检知观管法detector tube methodindicator tube method25.4电气分析电化学分析electroanalysis电导分析法conductometry电导滴定法conductometric titration电位差滴法potentionm275、etric titrationPH玻璃电极glass electrode PH meter离子浓度计ion meter电流滴定法amperometric titration库仑滴定法coulometric titration高频滴定法high-frequency titration电解分析electrolytic analysis极谱分析polarographic analysis示波极谱法oscillographic polarography导数（微分）极谱derivative polarograph交流极谱法alternating current polarograph矩形极谱法squar276、e wave polarograph25.5光度分析光度分析photometric analysis吸光光度分析absorptiometric analysis光电光度计photolectric photometerphotoelectric colorimeter光电分光光度计photoelectric spectrometer光度滴定photometer titration红外分光分析infrared spectrochemical analysis红外气体分析计infrared gas analysis喇曼分光分析Raman spectrochemical analysis荧光分析flu277、orometric analysis荧光计fluorohpotometerfluorometer荧光分光光度计fluorospectrophotometerspectrophotofluorometer发射分光分析emission spectrochemical analysis原子吸光（分光）分析atomic absorption(spectrochemical)analysis火焰光谱法flame photo metry火焰光度计flame photo meter火焰分光光度计flame spectrophotometer化学发光分析chemiluminescence analysis浊度278、分析nephelometric analysisnephelometry tydallimetry光散射光度计light-scattering photometer浊度计turbidimetry旋光分析polarimetric analysis旋光色散分析optical rotary dispersion analysis25.6分离分析分离分析separation analysis气相色谱（法）gas chromatgraphy气相色谱仪gas chromatograph检测器detector液相色谱法liguid chromatography液相色谱仪liquid chromatograp279、hy柱色谱column chromatography纸色谱paper chromatography薄层色谱thin-layer chromatography凝胶渗透色谱gel permeation chromatography电泳分析electrophoresis analysis25.7电磁分析X射线荧光分析X-ray fluorescence spectrometricanalysisX射线衍射仪X-ray diffractometryX射线显微分析X-ray microanalyzer质谱分析mass spectrometric analysis核磁共振nuclear mangnetic280、 resonance电子自旋共振electronic spin resonance25.8热分析热分析thermal analysis差热分析differential thermal analysis差热分析仪differential thermal analyser差焓分析differential enthalpic analysis差式扫描量热法diffential scanning clorimeter热解重量分析法thermogravimetric analysis热天平thermobalance25.9其它分析放射化学分析radiochemical analysis放射化分析radi281、oactivation analysis放射滴定radiometric titration放射吸收分析radiation absorption analysis同位素稀释分析isotope dilutin analysis同位素稀释法isotope dilution method射线反散射法-ray back scattering method总有机碳量total organic carbon总氧要求量total oxygen demand26.计算机系统26.1情报处理自动化设计automated design计算机辅助设计computer aided design数据处理data proc282、essing(DP)电子数据处理electronic data processing远距离通信处理teleprocessing在线系统on-line system时间共享系统time-sharing system(TSS)数据输入系统data entry system远距离作业输入remote job entry(RJE)计算机网络computer network主计算机host computer智能终端intelligent terminal人机通信man-machine communication交互系统interactive system会话系统conversational system283、模拟simulation命令语言comman language图象处理image processing硬件hardware关键字keyword双精度double precision记录record域field文件file数据集data set主文件master file文件管理file maintenance列column溢出overflow26.2计算机语言机器语言machine language汇编语言assembler language编译compilation源语言source language问题指向语言problem-oriented languageCOBOLcommon bus284、iness-oriented languageFORTRANformula translating systemPA/1programming language程序库program library子程序subroutine文件终止符end-of-file(EOF)异常终止码abnormal end code后台处理background processing前台处理foreground processing在线实时处理on-line real time processing数据库data base(DB)数据库管理系统data base management system数据库管理员data b285、ase administrator(DBA)数据独立data independence数据保密data security主语言host language数据操作语言data manipulation language数据描述语言data description language终端用户语言end user language26.3计算机处理口令password树结构tree structure网络结构network structure卡片读入机card reader绘图机plotter行打印机line printerCRT显示装置cathode-ray tube display unit光学文286、字识别optical character recognition字符显示character display大规模集成电路large-scale integrated circuit芯片chip氧化铁半导体metal oxide semiconductor(MOS)总线bus自动扫描器auto-scanner光标cursor数字化仪digitizer光笔light pen单板机microcomputer只读存贮器read-only memory(ROM)随机存贮器random access memory(RAM)微处理器microprocessor微程序microprogram接口interfa287、ce处理性能比throughput遍历时间turnaround time响应时间response time断点、检测点check point检测debug转贮dump硬拷贝hard copy要求request登录log on故障安全系统fail safe存取方式access method顺序存取sequential access随时存取random access批处理batch processing多道处理multiprogramming位bit字节byte字节character字word实用程序utility routine算法algorithm框图block diagram流程图flow 288、chart高效编程技术improved programming technologies操作系统operating system作业job作业控制语言job control language编类程序cataloged procedure编类数据集cataloged data set连接编辑器linkage editor装截模块load module目标模块object module区域region资源分配resource allocation图解schema中央处理器Central Proccessing Unit外围设备peripheral equipment终端设备terminal equ289、ipment操作台console输入输出设备input/output unit通道channel主存贮器main memory集成电路内存IC memory磁盘存贮器disk storage磁带机magnetic tape unit卡片穿孔机card punch三通阀3-way valve地上管above ground研磨材料abrasive检修通道access/cat walk缓冲罐accumulator酸洗acid cleaning酸性密封油罐acid seal oil trap执行机构actuator接头、插座adapter粘合剂adhesive可调的adjustable通风管air d290、uct空气等离子air plasma气袋air pocket铝镇静钢Al-killed steel找正alignment合金钢alloy steel铝aluminium铝箔aluminium foil渗铝钢aluminium impregnated steel分析室analyzer house固定支架anchor support角钢angle角阀angle valve外观appearance附录appendix审核人approved大约approximate电弧割arc cutting引弧端arc end氩气保护argon seal布置、整理、调整arrange石棉asbestos石棉垫片as291、bestos gasket沥青、柏油asphalt装配assembling装配assembly大气压atmosphere奥氏体不锈钢Austenitic stainless steel自动automatic自动再循环阀automatic recirculation valve平均average轴向的axialU形管bag-shaped pipe平衡、平均balance落球式止回阀ball check valve球旋塞阀ball cock valve球阀ball valve钢带band裸管bare pipe基线base line母线base material/metal基础板base plate292、基础工程设计数据basic engineering design data充电电池，电池battery充电器battery charger装置边界battery limit焊珠bead轴承bearing风箱、波纹bellow波纹补偿器bellow expansion joint弯管bend弯曲试验bending test斜齿轮传动bevel gearing坡口端面beveled end材料表bill /list of material盲板blank,blind法兰盖blank flange,blind flange毡blanket排污阀blow down valve气孔blow hole吹扫孔293、blowing hole板board阀体body螺栓bolt螺栓分布图bolt circle螺栓冷紧bolt cold tight螺栓热紧bolt hot tight螺栓坚固bolt tithing栓接阀盖bolted bonnet粘结剂bond阀盖bonnet/cover吊杆（吊车）boom凸台boss梁底bottom of beam管底bottom of pipe支架底bottom of support支架bracket/yoke/support支管branch分管branch pipe支管补强branch reinforcement支管焊branch weld黄铜brass硬钎焊braz294、ing呼吸阀breather valve布氏硬度brinnel hardness青铜bronze桶式过滤器bucket type strainer建筑物building埋地管道buried piping内外螺纹接头bushing对焊butt welding蝶阀butterfly valve丁基橡胶带butyl rubber tape旁路by-pass电缆沟cable duct电缆槽板cable tray/duct/tray硅酸钙calcium silicate校定calibration取消、作废cancel管帽（封头）cap护罩cap流量capacity铅封关car seal close铅封开295、car seal open石墨环carbon ring碳钢carbon steel载重汽车cargo truck墨盒cartridge事故case壳体casing铸铁/钢cast iron/steel低合金铸钢cast low alloy steel催化剂catalyst填隙caulking泡沫玻璃保温块cellular glass block中心线center line管中心center of pipe中心到中心center to center中心到端部center to end中心到面center to face陶瓷ceramic链条操作chain operated链轮chain whee296、l槽钢channel止回阀check valve校对人checked化学清洗chemical cleaning氯丁橡胶chloroprene rubber土建支架civil support等级class清洗口clean out净距、间距clearance钢夹，曲别针clips涂敷coating涂敷试验coating test围堰cofferdam盘管coil冷弯cold bending保冷cold insulation冷弹簧（冷紧）cold spring色标color mark塔、柱column柱号column no.燃烧combustion普通common匹配法兰companion flan297、ge完成、竣工completion压制石棉板compressed asbestos sheet压缩机compressor隐蔽工程concealed work集中荷载concentrated load同心异径管（大小头）concentric reducer混凝土座concrete mound冷凝器condenser锥体cone锥形过滤器cone type strainer连杆connecting rod台架console恒定的constant施工图construction drawing建北construction north集装箱（料斗）container接续图continued on dra298、wing连续焊continuous welding承包单位、承包者contoactor靠模机床contour machine合同书、契约contract控制盘、插头板control panel调节阀control valve紫铜copper腐蚀corrosion腐蚀裕度corrosion allowance配重、砝码counterweight平衡锤支架counterweight support管箍、联轴节、连接器coupling管堵头、封面焊条covered electrode裂纹crack裂纹试验cracking test牛皮纸craft paper吊钩crane hook履带式吊车craw299、ler crane四通cross跨越管道cross-over piping低温阀cryogenic service valve减振器cushion穿越管道cut-cross piping风门damper数据单、技术条件data sheet静荷载dead load脱脂degreasing去雾器demister设计压力design pressure破坏试验destructive test过热蒸汽冷却器desuperheaters详图detail详细工程设计数据detail engineering design data现像液developer当量dia-inch百分表dial indicator直300、径diameter隔膜阀diaphragm valve尺寸dimension阀芯disc/plug排出口discharge碟形管帽dish cap显示单元display unit换向阀diverting valve双层double-layer平行双闸板double disc/parallel seat特强double extra strong形补偿器double offset expansion bend双面埋弧焊double submerged arc welding单击download制图、描图drafter排液drain排液漏斗drain funnel所在图号drawing identi301、fication图号drawing number制图人drawn地脚螺栓drill anchor钻头drill bit钻孔器drills倒淋环drip ring烘干箱、焊条筒dry oven干燥drying球墨铸铁ductile cast iron假管支架dummy support灰尘、垃圾dust动力荷载dynamic load吊耳ear(lag)东east偏心异径管eccentric reducer经济保温厚度economic insulation thickness效率efficiency喷射器ejector弹性elasticity弯头加强管接头elbolet弯头elbow电熔焊elec302、tric fusion welding电阻焊electric resistance welding电伴热electric tracing电动的electrically operated标高elevation椭圆形封帽ellipsoid cap事故沐浴器emergency shower紧急切断阀emergency shut down valve端到端end to end发动机、引擎engine工程师engineer环氧树脂epoxy平衡液体管道equilibrium liquid piping安装焊接erection weld证据、证明evidence探伤examination塌陷excessi303、ve penetration激振力exciting force胀接expanded joint形补偿器expansion bend膨胀系统expansion coefficient膨胀节（补偿器）expansion joint球形膨胀节expansion joint ball套管形膨胀节expansion joint dresser旋转形膨胀节expansion joint swivel膨胀环expansion loop延伸、绅长extended延伸杆extension spindle外部external蒸汽外（内）伴热external(internal)steam tracing加强extr304、a strong事故洗眼器eye shower面到面face to face远端far side坚固件fastener凹面（法兰密封面）female face现场焊接field welding文件、文件夹、锉file现场filed现场制造filed fabricated角焊fillet welding装填填料filling packing叶片fin细玻璃棉fine fiber glass面漆finishing coat,top coat防火间距fire protection spacing白点fish eye管件fitting阻火器flame arrester法兰flange法兰端面flang305、e end face法兰连接flange joint法兰密封面flange sealing face火炬flare闪耀flare闪蒸flash全平面法兰密封面flat face平锁紧缝flat lick seam金属平垫片flat metallifc gasket全平面flat of full face底平flat on bottom顶平flat on top平缝flat seam压扁试验flattening test裂纹、缺陷flaw挠性管flex tube柔性flexibility挠性金属软管flexible metal tube柔性支架flexible support浮球式疏水器floa306、t trap浮球式视镜floating ball sight glass浮环floating ring楼板floor软盘floppy disk流量计flowmeter流休fluid焊剂flux现场发泡foamed in place发泡密封剂foamseal底阀foot valve低合金锻钢forged low alloy steel锻钢forged steel钗车fork lift模板formwork基础foundation框架frame双承口管箍full bell coupling全孔闸阀full bore gate valve双头管箍full coupling双头螺纹短节full nipp307、le全嘴full nozzle全视视镜full view sight glass熔焊fusion welding电化学腐蚀galvanic corrosion镀锌六角铁丝网galvanized hexagonal wire netting镀锌管galvanized pipe镀锌钢galvanized steel镀锌铁箍带galvanized steel band镀锌铁皮galvanized steel sheet镀锌铁丝galvanized steel wire气液两相流管道gas-liquid flow piping气割gas cutting气体保护电弧焊gas shielded arc w308、elding气焊gas welding垫片gasket闸板gate闸阀gate valve仪表gauge表接头gauge connector齿轮gear发电机generator万向的gimbal压盖gland压盖填料gland packing玻璃布glass cloth fabric玻璃珍珠岩glass perlite玻璃棉glass wool/fiber手套glove截止阀glove valve风镜、护目镜goggle气刨gouging调速器governorA级管道grade A piping润滑脂grease电砂轮grinder坡口groove槽面（法兰密封面）groove face地平g309、round地面坡度ground grade地面铺砌ground paving灌浆grout定位环guide ring导向支架guide support工字钢H-beam细裂纹hair crack单承口管箍half bell coupling单头管箍half coupling单头螺纹短节half nipple冲击钻hammer drill水锤hammer ring手柄hand lever手用螺丝攻hand taps手轮hand wheel栏杆handrail吊架hanger吊轨hanger rail吊杆hanger rod硬度试验hardness testing扬程head主管header净空h310、eadroom换热器heat exchanger热处理heating treatment重载固定支架heavy loading anchor support安全帽helmet六角螺帽hexagon nut六角头螺栓hexagon socket bolt高点high point高压high pressure高温阀high temperature valve高强张拉螺栓high tensile bolt铰链hinge铰接支架hinge support电动葫芦hoist吊车梁hoist beam焊把、焊条钳holder漏斗hopper水平horizontal软管hose软管接头hose coupli311、ng软管喷嘴hose nozzle软管架hose rack软管站hose station热流体hot fluid保温hot insulation有隔块防冻保温hot insulation for wintering with spacer挂越管道hung-over piping消火栓hydrant液压的hydraulic水压试验hydraulic test冲击试验impact test叶轮、转子、涡轮impeller夹杂物inclusion未焊满incompletely filled groove信息（资料）information注射孔injedtion hole入口inlet串联inline312、内部、内侧inner输入功率input内径inside diameter内螺纹inside screw检查inspection仪表槽板instrument duct隔热层insulation(lagging)保温支撑环insulation support ring晶间腐蚀inter-crystalline corrosion连锁inter lock断续焊intermittent welding内部、内件internal发票，装货清单invoice钳工iron smith单线图isometric drawing位号item no.千斤顶jack夹套球阀jacket ball valve保护层ja313、cketing起重机臂（副杆）jib锯曲线机jigsaw工号job number跨线jump-over connection键盘key board索引平面图key plant净重kgs未熔合lack of fusion/incomplete fusion未焊透lack of penetration/incomplete penetration日光灯lamp搭接封口lap sealer搭接焊lap welding松套法兰lapped joint flange大头large end大管large size pipe侧向的lateral斜三通lateral tee斜接加强管接头latrolet布置图314、layout焊脚，腿leg透视面，透镜面lens face透镜垫lens ring透镜式金属环垫lens ring gasket书信，发函letter液面计level gauge专利商licenser救生索life line升降式止回阀lift check valve自动装卸车lift truck轻微腐蚀light corrosion限位开关limit switch管线索引line index管道混合器line mixer管线跨距line span线性的linear衬里的lined,lining液体、操作液liquid渗透探伤liquid penetrant inspenction/test材315、料表list of material活荷载live load局部腐蚀localized corrosion锁闭lock close锁开lock open锁扣装置locking device长半径弯头long radius elbow回路loop低合金钢low alloy steel低点low point低压low pressure润滑油lubricating机制螺栓machine/mechanical bolt万能笔、记号笔magic pen磁粉探伤magnetic particle inspection/test主管main凸凹面法兰密封面male&female face凸面（法兰密封面）m316、ale face可锻铸铁malleable iron人孔man hole工时man hour总管、集管manifold手动 /工manual手控manual control标记marking校对表master gauge玛璃脂mastic玛璃脂涂层mastic weatherproof coating接续分界线，相连管线match line材料汇总material take-off材质检查material test最大maximum测量值measuring单机试车mechanic test机械密封mechanical seal中等腐蚀medium corrosion集会、会议meeting烧穿317、melt-thru/burn througt目数mesh金属焊条惰性气体保护焊metal inert gas welding金属保护层metal weatherp金属垫片metallic gasket金属软管metallic hose金属包覆垫片metallic jacket gasket计量泵metering pump中压midium pressure最小minimum低限制器minimum stopper零星配管miscellaneous斜接弯头（虾米腰弯头）mitre elbow混合孔板mixing orifice模制聚氨脂modeled polyurethane改进modified防潮318、层moisture resistant lagging/vapor barrier tape监听monitor砂浆mortar马达驱动阀motor valve模型，字模mould多层multilayer美国标准直管螺纹national standard straight pipe thread美国标准锥管螺纹national standard taperpipe thread近端near side针形阀needle valve螺纹短节nipple无负荷试验no load test公称直径nominal diameter公称压力nominal pressure非破坏性试验non-destruct319、ive examination有色金属non-ferrous非金属non-metallic非金属non-metallic gasket暗杆non-rising stem不收缩浆剂non-shrink mortar非冲击止回阀non-slam check valve正常关normally close正常开normally open北north缺口、V形切口notch螺母nut加强管接头o-let义务、责任obligation八角垫octagonal ring八角形金属环垫octagonal ring gasket注油螺钉oil filling screw油冲洗oil flushing油观察孔oi320、l sight glass联机on-line主轴on shaft明火地点open fire明沟open trench操作条件operating condition选择option指令，命令order原件，原本original出口outlet外径outside diameter外螺纹outside screw椭圆形金属环垫oval ring gasket顶配管（塔罐顶）overhead piping架空管道overhead piping搭接overlap焊瘤overlap垫板pad油漆paint配电盘panel补强金属panting metal部分、局部partial部件parts焊道pass铝321、油paste专利patent性能试验performande test防烫保温peripheral protection固定过滤器permanent strainer防烫伤隔热personnel protection insulation针孔pin hole针孔试验pin hole test管子pipe管卡pipe clamp/strap管壳pipe covering管廊pipe rack管子表号pipe schedule number管托pipe shoe导向管托pipe shoe guide滑动管托pipe shoe sliding止推管托pipe shoe stop固定管托pipe sho322、e tight管礅pipe sleeper管架pipe support管螺纹pipe thread管钳子、管板子pipe wrench管道和仪表流程图piping&instrument diagram管道静距piping clearance管道组成件piping component管道挠度piping deflection管带piping group/way沿地管道piping installed along ground管道支耳piping lug穿墙（楼板）管道piping passing througe wall(floor)管道跨距piping span管道喘振piping surgi323、ng柱塞阀piston type valve凹坑pit间距pitch平plain/plane平端头plain end平面图plan装置坐标plant coordinate等离子切割plasma cutting塑性变形plastic deformation平台platform图plot管堵（丝堵）plug旋塞阀、柱塞阀plug valve(cock)气压试验pneumatic test气动的pneumatically operated多层牛皮纸防潮层polycraft moisture barriers聚氨脂泡沫polyurethane foam胶合板polywood焊后热处理post weld324、 heating treatment预制prefabrication预热preheating编制人prepared by压力pressure减压阀pressure reducing valve压力密封阀盖pressure seal bonnet耐压测试pressure test一次压力primary stress底漆prime coat/primer打印printer控制程序procedure工艺流程图process flow diagram工艺管道process piping保护器protector聚四氟乙烯包覆垫片PTFE envelope gasket脉动pulsation脉冲式疏水器p325、ulse steam trap泵房pump house泵入口平衡管道pump inlet balancing piping尾顶单punch list（氩气）充气purge吹扫接头purge connection清洗管线purge line水溶纸purging paper质量、精度quality数量quantity淬火quenching快速接头quick joint射线探伤radiographic inspection/test半径radius凸台面法兰密封面raised face量程、分部range棘轮扳手ratchet wrench压力等级、定额rating比值ratio补偿器弹力react326、ing force from expansion joint反应器reactor现成混凝土ready-mixed concrete减载固定支架reduced loading anchor support大小头reducer异径管（大小头）reducer异径管箍reducing coupling异径弯头reducing elbow大小法兰reducing flange异径法兰reducing flange异径三通reducing tee参考reference精炼厂refinery加强的reinforced补强板reinforcing pad泄压阀（对液体）relief valve遥控remote327、 control可拆壳removable foam补焊repair welding请求、要求request残余的residual树脂resin共振resonance资源、财源resourse限流孔板restriction orifice定额reted缩收retracted来回弯return bend回转数revelution per minute审查人reviewed by版次revision number筋板rib刚性支架rigid support环槽面ring joint face环连接面法兰密封面ring joint face环槽式垫圈ring joint gasket环形接头ring 328、type joint明杆rising stem铆钉rivet洛氏硬度rockwell hardness滚动支架rolling support顶roof绳rope转动设备rotary machinery回转子卷线rotor winding圆钢round bar圆拉杆round rod走向route橡胶接头rubber connector橡胶垫片rubber gasket总管run pipe爆破片（爆破膜）rupture disk除锈rust removal鞍座、滑板saddle安全带safety belt安全阀safety valve取样点sample connection取样冷却器sample329、 cooler取样罐sampling cylinder打砂sand blast脚手架scaffolding计划schedule方案scheme铁锹schop范围scope筛网screen wire螺纹的screwed封扣seal密封罐seal pot密封带seal tape密封试验压力seal test pressure锥管螺纹密封焊seal welded taper pipe thread密封焊seal welding有缝钢管seamed steel pipe无缝的seamless阀座seat次secondary二次压力secondary stress自攻螺丝self -tapping sc330、rew自卸车self-loader自锁螺母self locking nut半自动semi-automatic半金属垫片semi-metallic gasket半嘴semi-nozzle气液分离器separater序号sequential no.固定螺栓set bolt设定压力set pressure调节、设定settingU形钩shackle棚shelter保护气体shielded gas垫铁shim plate运输螺栓shipping bolt管托shoe预制厂shop短半径弯头short radius elbow停车shutdown视镜sight glass,sight flow indi331、cator招牌，安全标语牌signboard消声器silencer硅酮，密封胶silicone硅酮密封胶silicone sealant贮仓silo单层single layer单壁single wall草图、大意sketch夹渣slag inclusion枕木sleeper套筒式的sleeve type滑板sliding plate滑动支架sliding support吊装带sling web/belt平焊法兰slip on flange坡度slope小型small承插焊管帽socket-welded cap插板阀socket gate valve承插焊socket welding承插焊法兰s332、ocket welding flange承插焊加强管接头socket weldolet软件soft ware软钎焊soldering电磁阀solenoid operated(electro magnetic)valve齿形金属垫片solid metal serrated gasket楔形单闸板solid wedge防凝solidification preventation冼净液solvent放射源source南south对流加热器space heater隔块spacer活板手spanner散发火花地点spark-sending-out place火花检查spark test飞溅spatter壳333、special特殊弯管special bend特殊法兰special flange标准、规范specification试片specimen八字盲板spectacle blank(blind)无齿锯speed cut螺旋spiral螺旋焊缝钢管spiral welded steel pipe缠绕式垫片spiral wound gasket楔形双闸板split wedge分裂器splitter海棉sponge管段号spool drawing短管接头spool piece喷嘴spray(nozzle)弹簧spring弹簧吊架spring hanger弹簧支架spring support弹簧垫圈spring washer正齿轮传动spur gearing方螺母square nut平台、阶段stage不锈钢stainless steel白钢带stainless steel band手戳stamp标准