1、presented byJason Ren 任智劼Ronald Lu&Partners公交导向 综合体十策10STRATEGIESTRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT总监香港吕元祥建筑师事务所公交导向 综合体 十策TRANSIT ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT|10STRATEGIES“城市化”在发展中国家而言有着不可逆转的趋势Urbanization is Irreversible for Developing Countries Urbanization ForecastPopulation living in urban areas,%of total 102、0%80706050402001950 55 60 65 70 75 80 85 90 95 2000 05 10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45FORECASTYearIn 2011,over half of China population living in Urban AreaThe China Scenarios7050Source:CEIC;UN Population Division;The EconomistHong KongWestern EuropeChinaSouth-East AsiaIndiaBrazilUSin China20%population=2693、 million will move to cities or be urbanizedby 2038(20 years from now)未来20年 20%的中国人口（2.69亿）将会移居到城市30s40s50sEvolution of City infrastructure in LA1918 city of LA1918 plan to extend2012 city of LAforecast expansionemergingTHE LOS ANGELES MODEL HORIZONTAL EXPANSION美国洛杉矶模式 小汽车主导的城市平面扩张source:城市规划:美国(洛杉矶4、)模式urban planning:the L.A.modeLos Angeles中国的城市不应以车辆为其运输系统中枢automobile as transportation backbone shouldnt be a solution for Chinese citessource:BeijingCITIES 1 MIL.IN POPULATION人口一百万以上的城市source:http:/ DENSITY VS.ENERGY CONSUMPTION ON TRANSPORTATION城市密度与交通能耗之关系相比住在洛杉矶的人，香港人一般可以多享受3小时的余暇汽车优先的城市LA公交优先的5、城市HKCAR VS.TRANSIT ORIENTED CITIES小汽车导向的城市 vs.公交优先城市TOD 是中国城市可持续发展的最佳出路TOD Mode:the most Sustainable Solutionfor cities in China1个站；30公顷；155万平米；1个大商场；5所学校；公用配套；公交站；24,000个家庭人口：6万LOHAS Park,Hong Kong1 station;30 hectares site;1,500,000s.m.in floor areaa shopping mall;5 schools;other GICs;1 PTI；24,0006、 householdsAccommodate 60,000p香港“日出康城”20%population=269 million peopleapprox.653 cities in China=each city absorbs 405,000 people=6.75“LOHAS Park”in Hong Kong中国有653个城市 每城市只需6.75个香港的“日出康城”就可解决2.69亿的人口TOD SiteGreenfield SiteCAN WE TREAT TODS AS ANY OTHER PROJECTS可不可以用一般方法去处理 TOD 项目?公交导向 综合体 十策TRANSIT 7、ORIENTED DEVELOPMENT|10 STRATEGIES原则一:创造充满活力的生活空间Principle One:Create a vibrant hub创造以人为本的空间，而不仅是乘客聚散的公交站Create a place for people,not a mere transit point for passage创造一个有个性和活力的场所，刺激社会交往和经济互动Develop a place with character and vitality that stimulates social and economic interactions原则一:创造充满活力的生活空间P8、rinciple One:Create a vibrant hub我们设想的 HDTOD 是一个充满活力的生活空间。这样的空间是市民的家园，也是休憩场所。精心设计的公共空间因人群活动而喧闹，令社区更健康、更欢乐，更人性化。HDTOD should be a vibrant hub at which it is naturally a place for gathering.中国 广州 天环Parc Central,Guangzhou,China原则一:创造充满活力的生活空间Principle One:Create a vibrant hub上海 天荟TODTOWN,Shanghai原则二:建立9、新型社区中心Principle Two:Establish a new neighborhood rendezvous提供有吸引力的场所，让公众聚会和交往，从而建立一种新型的多层多功能的社区之“核Establish a new,multi-layered and flexible nucleus for the community by offering spaces with attractions for the public to gather and meet提供多用途的公共设施，供周边邻里使用，让他们充份融入社区日常生活Provide multi-functional public 10、facilities for the neighborhood and become an integral part of their everyday life将项目定位为社区的新形象和地标Position it as a new identity and landmark for the community华南城市 HDTOD 规划研究项目HDTODs for a City in Southern China原则二:建立新型社区中心Principle Two:Establish a new neighborhood rendezvous广场 Plaza原则二:建立新型社区中心Princi11、ple Two:Establish a new neighborhood rendezvous原则三:提供混合用途功能Principle Three:Serve a mixed-use Function neighborhood集结不同的活动，从而减少出行和增添便利Concentrate activities to reduce commuting needs andincrease convenience造就一个全天候生活的社区Facilitate the evolvement of a 24-hour lifestyle community鼓励大众使用公交，减少碳排放Reduce carb12、on emission through public transportation integration创造邻近就业机会Create local job opportunities汽车导向城市vehicle-oriented city洛杉机Los Angeles驾车 4.5 小时4.5 hrs Drive余暇 1.5 小时1.5 hrs Leisure Time余暇 4 小时4 hrs Leisure Time乘搭铁路 2 小时2 hrs by MTR香港Hong Kong公交导向城市transit-oriented city原则三:提供混合用途功能Principle Three:Serve13、 a mixed-use Function neighborhoodHDTOD 集生活、工作、学习、购物、餐饮娱乐于一体。避免城市主要日常活动的离心化而导致的长途通勤、交通拥挤、以及生活质量降低等问题。If a city is like a well-oiled machine,then a variety of transportation modes allows the machine to spread its tentacles well beyond its core.Yet decentralisationof essential daily activities has led14、 to long commutes,traffic woes and questionable quality of life.原则三:提供混合用途功能Principle Three:Serve a mixed-use Function neighborhood珠海 环宇城Unipark,Zhuhai原则四:旨在适当强度的开发Principle Four:Aim for an appropriate densification包含多种用途的 HDTOD 应有相对的高强度Demand a higher than normal overall density forHDTODs to accomm15、odate their multiple usage用增加的容积率换取 HDTOD 内更多的绿化带Consider a higher plot ratio to trade for more green space at HDTODs原则四:旨在适当强度的开发Principle Four:Aim for an appropriate densification美国 纽约市 曼哈顿 Manhattan,New York,the United States of America原则四:旨在适当强度的开发Principle Four:Aim for an appropriate densificat16、ion香港 荃湾西站车站上盖混合用途发展项目Topside Comprehensive Development at MTR Tsuen Wan Station,Hong Kong原则五:构建立体的空间系统Principle Five:Develop a three-dimensional network建立多层次的空间，联系各种公共交通方式和社区邻里Provide multi-level connections to public transportationand neighbourhood communities创造便于交往的多层公共空间而不是仅供通行的走廊Create multi-le17、vel urban spaces for interactions ratherthan a transit corridor创造富有活力的三维都市景观Enable a vibrant three-dimensional cityscape原则五:构建立体的空间系统Principle Five:Develop a three-dimensional network上海 莘庄站 TODTOWN天荟Topside Comprehensive Development at Xinzhuang Station,Shanghai原则五:构建立体的空间系统Principle Five:Develop a 18、three-dimensional network香港 港铁大围站上盖综合发展项目Topside Comprehensive Development at MTR Tai Wai Station,Hong Kong外部循环路径 External Circulation Route内部循环路径Internal Circulation Route原则六:造就无缝衔接的都市空间Principle Six:Achieve a seamless integration让周边邻里透过参与 HDTOD内的各种公共活动而集聚起来Enable the surrounding neighbourhood to c19、onnectwith events and activities in HDTODs使 HDTOD 成为所在地区的都市生活核心Make HDTODs the nerve centre of the neighbourhood自行车路径长度小于 3,200 米行人路径长度小于 800 米原则六:造就无缝衔接的都市空间Principle Six:Achieve a seamless integration华南城市 HDTOD 规划研究项目HDTODs for a City in Southern China原则六:造就无缝衔接的都市空间Principle Six:Achieve a seamles20、s integration工程前建成后上海 天荟TODTOWN,Shanghai原则六:造就无缝衔接的都市空间Principle Six:Achieve a seamless integration香港 珑门Century Gateway,Hong Kong台风“山竹”过后的大围站香港 港铁大围站TAI WAI STATION,HONG KONG原则六:造就无缝衔接的都市空间Principle Six:Achieve a seamless integration用最高效、最安全的方式无缝衔接的都市空间。To connect urban spaces with the most efficien21、t,and the safest ways.原则七:成为多种交通模式的转换中心Principle Seven:Act as an intermodal transportation interchange规划多种形式的步行动线，使换乘枢纽在多个层面上与不同的交通方式衔接Plan for a versatile pedestrian flow to allow multi-level integration from the interchange to various transport nodes提供从高速的跨地区交通线到多种慢速交通公交模式，以及穿行于社区的舒适步行环境Provide fo22、r the transition from higher speed cross-district transport to lower speed transportation modes and pedestrian-friendly environments to extend across the neighborhood原则七:成为多种交通模式的转换中心Principle Seven:Act as an intermodal transportation interchange香港 港铁大围站上盖综合发展项目Topside Comprehensive Development at M23、TR Tai Wai Station,Hong Kong原则七:成为多种交通模式的转换中心Principle Seven:Act as an intermodal transportation interchange中国 上海 天荟TODTOWN,Shanghai,China原则八:培育有利健康的生活环境Principle Eight:Nurture a salubrious living environment于轨道和道路上方重建一个地平面，回馈社区一个绿色空间Re-establish the ground level atop railways and roads,returning it24、 as green space to the community将景观绿地作为公共商业区和私家住宅区之间的缓冲带Turn the landscaped green space into a buffer between the public commercial zone and the private residential zone改善社区整体环境并倡导社区低碳生活方式Improve the overall environment and enable low carbon living for the community原则八:培育有利健康的生活环境Principle Eight:Nur25、ture a salubrious living environment香港 银湖 天峰Lake Silver,Hong Kong原则八:培育有利健康的生活环境Principle Eight:Nurture a salubrious living environment香港 御龙山The Palazzo,Hong Kong原则九:优化步行路径Principle Nine:Optimise pedestrianoriented paths尽量减少车道的伸延，增加步行走道Minimise the extent of roads and encourage externalpedestrian-de26、dicated paths减少汽车使用，增加公共交通的使用Reduce car usage;increase public transportation usage取消专用停车位并采用迭式停车系统，以减少停车库面积Implement non-dedicated parking policy or stack-parking to reduce car park footprint设计多层车道和车辆出入口以增加流动性和可达性Design multi-level roads and vehicular access pointsto enhance mobility and accessibili27、ty原则九:优化步行路径Principle Nine:Optimise pedestrian oriented paths中国 上海 天荟TODTOWN,Shanghai,China原则九:优化步行路径Principle Nine:Optimise pedestrian oriented paths香港 珑门Century Gateway,Hong Kong原则十:预先做好规划Principle Ten:Prepare for future changes with advance planning提供结构和基础设施系统的可能性，让上部建筑可继续发展Make advance structura28、l and utility provisions for futuretopside developments设计允许一定的弹性，包括荷载的冗余和备用管沟Allow flexibility for possible design or usage changes,such as spare loading and infrastructure trenches探索在设计中包含中央服务系统和能源中心的可行性，包括中央吸尘系统，区域/中央制冷或制热中心，垃圾生物处理设施，或其他智能城市的服务系统Explore possibility of centralizing services,e.g.ene29、rgy plantsfor central vacuum;district/central cooling or heating;bio-diesel plants;or other smart city provisions原则十:预先做好规划Principle Ten:Prepare for future changes with advance planning香港 日出康城LOHAS Park,Hong Kong原则十:预先做好规划Principle Ten:Prepare for future changes with advance planning香港 日出康城LOHAS Par30、k,Hong Kong原则十:预先做好规划Principle Ten:Prepare for future changes with advance planning香港 大围站Tai Wai Station,Hong KongCase Study 案例Minhang,Shanghai上海闵行TODTOWN天荟LOCATION 区位莘庄站莘庄站SITE新的城市副中心上海的西南门户核心交通节点。Thenewsub-centreshanghai,The southern west gate of Shanghai cityThe key node of urban transportations上31、海莘庄 充满活力的生活空间 建立新型社区中心 提供混合用途功能 适当强度的开发 立体的空间系统 无缝衔接的都市空间 多种交通模式的转换中心 有利健康的生活空间 优化步行路径Create vibrate hubA new neighborhood rendezvousMixed-used functionAppropriate DensityThree-dimension networkA seamless integrationAn intermodal transportation interchangeNurture a salubrious living environmentOptim32、ize pedestrian oriented pathsL2L1CinemaEventSpaceCentral GardenConcourseIce RinkSouth PlazaNorth PlazaPTIPTIEvent SpaceRoof Garden超大型商場建筑面积:133,300 m建築高度:44 m 甲级商务办公建筑面积:50,000m建築高度:144.9 mT18公寓式办公建筑面积:38,400 m建築高度:144.9 mT16T17精品酒店+公寓式办公公寓面积:7,600m酒店面积:20,000 m建筑高度:120 m公寓式办公建筑面积:39,000 m建筑高度:144.933、 mT15文体中心建筑面积:7,000 m裙房公建配套(A部分)建筑面积:19,700 m公建配套(B部份)总计:405,000 平方米住宅商务办公商场公寓式办公酒店公建T1-T3高层住宅建筑面积:56,557 m建筑高度:100 m中座住宅建筑面积:21,447 m建筑高度:45 mT5 T7低座住宅建筑面积:11,676 m建筑高度:24 mT8-T14北广场商场:沿南北路店面2007-08可行性研究/大平台技术方案2010土地招标2009总划/土地出让文件制订2014获得整体方案批文/一、二期扩初/施工许可证2011-13分期立项/修建性详规/专家论证2015获得一期地上施工许可证20134、617一期平顶/二期施工2022预计整个项目完工TIME LINE 时间节点TODTOWN天荟SITE ANALYSIS地盘分析研究项目技术可行性:交通评估从杭州从杭州从虹桥机场从虹桥机场沪沪杭杭高高速速公公路路从上诲市中心从上诲市中心从莘奉金从莘奉金从莘从莘庄庄老城老城南北路连接南北路连接2007-08可行性研究/大平台技术方案2010土地招标2009总划/土地出让文件制订2014获得整体方案批文一、二期扩初/施工许可证2011-13分期立项/修建性详规/专家论证2015获得一期地上施工许可证201617一期平顶/二期施工2022预计整个项目完工研究项目技术可行性:结构评估2007-08可行35、性研究/大平台技术方案2010土地招标2009总划/土地出让文件制订2014获得整体方案批文一、二期扩初/施工许可证2011-13分期立项/修建性详规/专家论证2015获得一期地上施工许可证201617一期平顶/二期施工2022预计整个项目完工LEGEND/TEXTLEGEND/TEXTLEGEND/TEXT北广场-改造现有建筑一期住宅入口一期穿梭大堂一期建筑平顶DESIGN CONCEPT设计概念2007-08可行性研究/大平台技术方案2010土地招标2009总划/土地出让文件制订2014获得整体方案批文一、二期扩初/施工许可证2011-13分期立项/修建性详规/专家论证2015获得一期地上36、施工许可证201617一期平顶/二期施工2022预计整个项目完工LEGEND/TEXT20222007DESIGN CONCEPT设计概念中国首个在不影响现有轨道交通正常运营前提下进行的轨道上盖TOD项目开创了国内项目“空间出让”的先河2 0 0 7-Case Study 案例Changpin,Beijing北京昌平FUTURE SCI-CITY未来科学城MASTER LAYOUT PLAN 总图北京未来科学城北区Central Core of Future Sci-CityThe node of transportations interchange科学城的中心交通转换节点。CONCLUSI37、ON总结成功的TOD需要大量的协调、铁路设计的配合Successful TODs Require MuchAdvance Planning如我们是“以人为本，当设计未来的铁路系统时我们应以“上盖发展”为重点we probably want to spend only 5%of our time on daily transits/95%at home,play or works;as such,why dont we make“Topside Developments”as the“Priority”in planning Urban Transits The Best TODs=“Transit”not visible最好的 公交导向 综合体 看不到“公交”的建筑