1、Lesson 1 A private conversation 私人谈话Last week I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at t2、he man and the woman angrily. They did not pay any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. I cant hear a word! I said angrily. Its none of your business, the young man said rudely. This is a private conversation!.Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch? 早餐还是午餐？It was Sunday. I never ge3、t up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed until lunch time.Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. What a day! I thought. Its raining again. Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. Ive just arrived by train, she said. Im coming to see you. Bu4、t Im still having breakfast, I said.What are you doing ? she asked. Im having breakfast, I repeated.Dear me, she said. Do you always get up so late ? Its one oclock!Lesson 3 Please send me a card 请给我寄一张明信片 Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in5、 public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Every day I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send any cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got 6、up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spent the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card !Lesson 4 An exciting trip 激动人心的旅行I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and7、 he has already visited a great number of different places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding8、 this trip very exciting.Lesson 5 No wrong numbers 无错号之虞 Mr James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst. Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons. Yesterday, a 9、pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst to Silbury. The bird covered the distance in three minutes. Up to now, Mr Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. In this way, he has begun his own private telephone service.Lesson 6 P10、ercy Buttons 珀西巴顿斯I have just moved to a house in Bridge Street. Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door. He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer. In return for this, the beggar stood on his head and sang songs. I gave him a meal. He ate the food and drank the beer. Then he put a piece of cheese in11、 his pocket and went away. Later a neighbour told me about him. Everybody knows him. His name is Percy Buttons. He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.Lesson 7 Too late 为时太晚 The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all m12、orning. They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamond from South Africa. A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield. T13、wo men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House. While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!Lesson 8 The best and the worst 最好的和最差的Joe Sanders has the most beautiful 14、garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for The Nicest Garden Competition each year, but Joe wins every time. Bill Friths garden is larger than Joes. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joes garden is more interesting. He has made neat paths and has built a wood15、en bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work. Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!Lesson 9 A cold welcome 冷遇On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall. It was the last day of the year and a 16、large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock. It would strike twelve in twenty minutes time. Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped. The big minute hand did not move. We waited and waited, but nothing happened. Suddenly someone shouted, Its two minutes 17、past twelve! The clock has stopped! I looked at my watch. It was true. The big clock refused to welcome the New Year. At that moment everybody began to laugh and sing.Lesson 10 Not for jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord(翼琴). It was made in Germany in 1681. Our 18、clavichord is kept in the living-room. It has belong to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. 19、Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来I was having dinner at a restaurant when Harry Steele came in. Harry worked in a lawyers office years ago, but he is now working at a bank. He gets a good salary, but he al20、ways borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. Harry saw me and came and sat at the same table. He has never borrowed money from me. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me &2. To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately. I have never borrowed any money from you, Harry said, so21、 now you can pay for my dinner!Lesson 12 Goodbye and good luck 再见，一路顺风Our ncighbour, Captain Charles Alison, will sail from Portsmouth tomorrow. We shall meet him at the harbour early in the morning. He will be in his small boat, Topsail.Tapsail is a famous little boat. It has sailed across the Atla22、ntic many times. Captain Alison will set out at eight oclock so we shall have plenty of time. We shall see his boat and then we shall say good-bye to him. He will be away for two months. We are very proud of him. He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic.Lesson 13 The Greenwood Boys23、 绿林少年The Greenwood Boys are a group of popular singers. At present, they are visiting all parts of the country. They will be arriving here tomorrow. They will be coming by train and most of the youngpeople in the town will be meeting them at the station. Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the 24、Workers Club. The Greenwood Boys will be staying for five days. During this time, they will give five performances. As usual, the police will have a difficult time. They will be trying to keep order. It is always the same on these occasions.Lesson 14 Do you speak English? 你会讲英语吗？I had an amusing exp25、erience last year. After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town. On the way, a young man waved to me. I stopped and he asked me for a lift. As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language. Apart from26、 a few words, I do not know any French at all. Neither of us spoke during the journey. I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, Do you speak English? As I soon learnt, he was English himself!Lesson 15 Good news 佳音 The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would s27、ee me. I felt very nervous when. I went into his office. He did not look up from his desk when I entered. After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad. He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. Twenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had come. Mr. 28、Harmsworth, I said in a weak voice. Dont interrupt, he Said. Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra &100 a year!Lesson 16 A polite request 彬彬有礼的要求If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it. You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. Ho29、wever, this does not always happen. Traffic police are sometimes very polite. During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: Sir, we welcome you to our city. This is a No Parking area. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder. If 30、you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!Lesson 17 Always young 青年常驻My aunt Jennifer is an actress. She must be at least thirty-five years old. In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl. Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. This time, she will31、 be a girl of seventeen. In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress. If anyone ever asked her how old she is, she always answers, My dear, it must be terrible to be grown up!l32、esson18 He often does this! 他经常干这种事！After I had had lunch at a village inn, I looked for my bag. I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasnt there ! As I was looking for it, the inn-keeper came in. Did you have a good meal ? he asked. Yes, thank you, I answered, but I cant pay the bill33、. I havent got my bag. The inn-keeper smiled and immediately went out. In a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it back to me. Im very sorry, he said My dog had taken it into the garden. He often does this.Lesson19 Sold out 票已售完The play may begin at any moment, I said. It may have begun alr34、eady, Susan answered.I hurried to the ticket-office. May I have two tickets please ? I asked.Im sorry, weve sold out, the girl said.What a pity! Susan exclaimed.Just then, a man hurried to the ticket-office.Can I return these two tickets? he asked.Certainly, the girl said.Could I have those two tick35、ets please ? I asked.Certainly, the girl said, but they are for next Wednesdays performance.I might as well have them, I said sadly.Lesson20 One man in a boat 独坐孤舟Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. 36、Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything-not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. You must give up fishing! my friends say. Its a waste of time. But they dont realize one im37、portant thing. Im not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all !Lesson21 Mad or not? 是不是疯了？Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. The airport was built during the war, but for38、 some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a large sum of mone39、y to go away, but I am determined to stay here. Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right.Lesson22 A glass envelope 玻璃信封My daughter, Jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in Holland. Last year, we were travelling across the Channel and Jane put a piece o40、f paper with her name and address on it into a bottle. She threw the bottle into the sea. She never thought of it again, but ten months later, she received a letter from a girl in Holland. Both girls write to each other regularly now. However, they have decided to use the post-office. Letters will c41、ost a litt1e more, but they will certainly travel faster. Lesson23 A new house 新居I 昆钢重型装备制造集团有限公司机械设备制造建安工程有限公司预拌混凝土搅拌站 可 行 性 研 究 报 告 武汉钢铁集团设计研究院 二0 0九年九月院 长：李小虎总工程师：王保元 编 制： 王 欣 审 核： 李志高审 定： 刘 璇1.1、 项目背景41.1.1、 项目名称41.1.2、 项目承办单位51.1.3、 承担项目可研单位51.1.4、 项目地址51.1.5、 项目提出的背景71.2、 编制依据71.3、 项目概况81.3.1、42、 项目拟建地点81.3.2、 项目建设规模82、 市场分析83、厂址选择与建厂条件93.1、 厂址选择93.2 原料条件93.3、 供电供水104、.生产工艺及主要设备选型194.1生产工艺流程194.2商品混凝土生产线的组成194.3主要设备和辅助设备表274.4总体布置354.5.交通运输365、电气及给排水365.1、电气365.2、给排水系统386、环境保护与劳动安全、工业卫生396.1、环境保护396.2、污染防治措施407、投资估算及经济分析427.1、投资估算427.2、经济分析437.3结论471、 项目总论1.1、 项目背景1.1.1、 项目名称预拌混凝土搅拌站1.1.2、 43、项目承办单位昆钢重型装备制造集团有限公司机械设备制造建安工程有限公司 1.1.3、 承担项目可研单位武汉钢铁集团设计研究院1.1.4、 项目地址昆钢龙山矿地区1.1.5、 项目提出的背景1.1.5.1、项目建设的必要性1、符合国家产业政策混凝土搅拌站在我国经过十多年的发展，到目前为止已经在省会城市和沿海发达城市广泛使用，如上海、广州、深圳等地商品混凝土使用率已达6080%，基本达到发达国家的水平。然而，在一些中等城市和小城市，商品混凝土的使用率还很低，根据商务部、建设部、公安部、交通部发布的关于限期禁止在城市城区现场搅拌混凝土的通知文件，建设部对全国127个城市3年内禁止现场拌制混凝土，昆明市44、被列入第二批名单。按照国家产业政策要求和行业发展趋势，混凝土集中搅拌将成为今后城市建设中混凝土供应的主导方式。目前，我国城市化进程不断加快，商品混凝土在城市建设中还有巨大的发展空间，在这样的历史背景下，依托昆钢集团建设项目，并积极拓展安安宁、太平商品混凝土市场，建设一个技术先进的大型混凝土搅拌站（楼），满足区域城市建设的需要，其发展前景十分看好。2、技术成熟商品混凝土亦称预拌混凝土，它是市场经济和现代混凝土工艺技术相结合的产物，是混凝土发展史上的一次革命突破，是混凝土工业走向现代化、科学化、专业化的标志。在国外，商品混凝土已成为一门重要的产业，有专业的刊物，如美国的premixed concr45、ete和德国的ready-mix concrete杂志等，是一门成熟的行业。商品混凝土在我国兴起的时间较短，但近年来，随着国家对城市环境保护和建设质量提出的要求，商品混凝土因其质量稳定，可靠性较高、生产能力大、计量精度高等总产量迅速提高。与此同时，相关产业也得到了快速的发展，（装备的国产化大型化、系列化情况）。3、符合市场需要和发展方向2003年1月，为推进预拌混凝土在市政建设和房地产开发中的应用，减少城市污染，昆明市政府发布了昆明市预拌商品混凝土管理办法（昆明市人民政府令第41号），文件中明确规定：自2003年4月1日起，昆明市城市规划主城建成区范围内的各类建设工程项目，在施工过程中，必须使46、用预拌商品混凝土。主城建成区外、主城规划区范围以内，3000平方米及其以上的房屋建设、市政建设等建设工程项目，在施工过程中，必须使用预拌商品混凝土。该办法的实施为昆明市预拌商品混凝土行业的发展创造了条件。昆明市昆明市预拌商品混凝土管理办法颁布后，近几年昆明市预拌商品混凝土行业得到了快速发展。目前，昆明市商品混凝土生产线达到了60条，设计生产能力达到了1500万立方，规划禁用区内，项目建设所用混凝土已基本采用预拌混凝土。安宁作紧临昆明市的卫星城，在郊县中经济处于发达地位，近年来，市政府十分重视市容、市貌建设，目前，市政府正在申请国家级卫生城市。为提高城市建设工程质量，改善城市环境，加强城市建设管47、理，随着办法的进一步推广实施，安宁市采用预拌混凝土将首当其冲。4、企业发展的需要随着昆钢集团公司“十一五”规划的实施，大批项目将要起动，尤其是草铺新厂的建设工程，结合昆钢重型装备制造集团有限公司机械设备制造建安工程有限公司的发展，以及建筑施工总承包一级资质所承担工程的需要，在安宁地区建设一个商品混凝土搅拌站，优势十分明显，前景十分看好。1.2、 编制依据 项目单位委托书； 项目单位提供的工艺、公用工程、原燃料供应及其它技术基础资料； 国家关于发展循环经济方面政策法规及鼓励政策； 国家规范：规范； 设备生产厂家有关设备资料。1.3、 项目概况1.3.1、 项目拟建地点昆钢龙山矿地区。1.3.2、48、 项目建设规模项目采用先进、成熟可靠的技术和设备，建设一个年产60万m3商品混凝土的生产线。2、 市场分析目前安宁市范围内还没有实行建设项目强制使用商品混凝土的政策，但是随着国家环保政策的要求和安宁市建设国家级卫生城的需要，在建设项目中强制使用商品混凝土的已为时不远。现在安宁市虽有商品混凝土搅拌站，但建设规模小，市场占有率不大，远不能满足市场需求。因此，我们建设混凝土搅拌站具有巨大潜在的市场和发展空间。昆钢重型装备制造集团有限公司机械设备制造建安工程有限公司在昆钢龙山矿建立商品混凝土搅拌站具有的优势是明显的，概括起来有以下几个方面： （一）充分利用昆钢重型装备制造集团有限公司机械设备制造建安工49、程有限公司的基建和技术管理优势。各层次技术人才和管理人才储备丰厚，具有组织实施大型工程建设和管理的丰富经验，从根本上保证项目的高起点建设和高水平管理。 （二）充分利用昆钢重型装备制造集团有限公司机械设备制造建安工程有限公司的设备（如：装载机，拖泵等）和人员（如机械修理等）。 （三）充分利用昆钢建设，昆钢草铺新厂的建设及安宁市区的发展。 3、厂址选择与建厂条件3.1、厂址选择 一般情况下，商品混凝土搅拌站的经济运营半径为1520 km。结合昆钢建设、昆钢草铺新厂建设及安宁市区的开发项目及生产原材料的分布，经过分析利弊、多方实地考察、比选，拟以昆钢龙山矿作为建站确定选址地点。3.2、原料条件在原材50、料供应方面，也均在合理的运营半径内，具体如下：材料供货商供应量运距（km）石料昆钢龙山矿1000t/天1砂棋台砂场水泥325嘉华水泥厂34255253.3、供电供水 根据昆钢重型装备制造集团有限公司机械设备制造建安工程有限公司与昆钢龙山矿签定的水电供应的意向书，搅拌站所用的水电由昆钢龙山矿供给。3.3.1、供水 项目平均日用水量为 600立方米，最大日用水量为1200立方米。生产用水从昆钢龙山矿引入。3.3.2、排水 配套建盖污水处理池、生产冷却污水经处理后循环使用，无生产污水排放。生活污水排入厂区生活污水管网。3.3.3、供电 项目装机容量为 280KW，电源由昆钢龙山矿搭接生产及生活用电引51、入。且昆钢龙山矿供电系统为双回路系统满足了搅拌站供电系统为双回路系统要求。4. 生产工艺及主要设备4.1生产工艺流程粗集料储存哭输送机细集料储存输送机输送机布料机储存仓储存仓配料计量配料计量水泥筒仓矿物掺合物筒仓外加剂水螺旋输送机配料计量螺旋输送机配料计量配料计量计量搅拌机运输机搅拌机4.2商品混凝土生产线的组成商品混凝土生产线由主机、胶带输送机、砂石仓、配料站、粉料筒仓、螺旋输送机、计量系统、供液系统、实验室、回收站等组成。4.2.1、搅拌主机根据建设规模需要，在考虑技术等因素的前提下，按照先进、可靠节省投资的原则，计划选用2HZS180混凝土搅拌站（年生产能力60万m3）。该装备理论混凝土52、产量达360m3小时，在混凝土供应峰值期，可以满足在较短的时间内供应大方量混凝土的需要，灵活机动应对市场需求。4.2.2、主要设施包括混凝土搅拌主楼，实验室，办公楼，库房和生活设施（宿舍和食堂等）4.2.3、2HZS180混凝土搅拌站组成及技术方案2HZS180混凝土搅拌站结构组成 2HZS180混凝土搅拌站由骨料配料系统、骨料提升系统、计量系统、搅拌系统、控制系统、主楼、环保措施、水路及气路系统、外装喷涂等组成4.2.3.1、骨料配料系统它主要用于各种骨料的精确计量。料仓容积大，积木式排列，适应性强，方管制造主骨架，美观大方结实。根据用户和不同要求提供地上、地下两种型式的配料站，标准料仓数453、个（可按客户要求增加）。配料站主要由储料斗、计量斗、送料皮带机等组成。骨料计量采用单独计量（既可提高精度，又能缩短计量时间），采用进口传感器，储料斗下方设有两个气动门，初始计量时两门都打开，计量到80时，其中一个关闭，这样即缩短了计量时间，又保证了计量精度。骨料斗计量采用电子秤称量，由三只压力称重传感器采集信号，并具有超称扣称、欠称补称功能，并带防卡骨料装置。在计量斗和储料斗侧壁处设有振动器，防止骨料粘附。计量的骨料经皮带机运输至倾斜皮带机中。1)大倾角骨料仓可极大地缓解雨天砂含粉量高含水率大难下料的问题。2)优质高稳定性传感器可确保计量的准确和可靠。3)可满足水工等特殊骨料的配料要求。4.254、.3.2、 骨料提升系统骨料提升系统主要由皮带机及暂存斗组成。采用4层NN200型尼龙皮带,其强度好,耐冲击,层间粘力大,屈挠性优异使用寿命长。皮带机上下包封及骨料暂存斗全封闭式，皮带机与过渡仓接口采用皮带机抛料曲线设计，大大减少了噪声污染和粉尘飞扬，并可极大的延长骨料仓的使用寿命。1)用专业厂家定点制造的迷宫式密封的皮带机专用托辊,可极大地减少皮带在运行时的阻力,延长托辊的使用寿命。2)采用美国技术可拆插片式摩擦滚筒,为国内独创并唯一,超大的摩擦系数极大地提高了主动滚筒的驱动力矩,避免了皮带的打滑现象；并可在原滚筒上更换摩擦片,大大方便使用和维修。3)主斜皮带机采用大桁架式，皮带机下部为全包55、封，在皮带机头部设有合金清扫器和皮带机水冲洗系统，可以对皮带机的粘料进行彻底的清理，并避免皮带机撒料的现象。4)骨料仓开门可按客户要求实行二次投料,以满足生产高速铁路用高性能混凝土的生产要求。4.2.3.3、计量系统计量系统全部采用电子秤计量，水泥、粉煤灰、添加剂、水分别单独计量，可实现各计量秤的欠扣秤功能，计量精度得到了保证。添加剂计量斗采用不锈钢制成,其下部设有计量防漏装置,可确保其计量的准确。计量后的添加剂直接注入到清水秤中，和水一起进入搅拌缸,因此在进入搅拌机添加剂已被稀释，混合更均匀。1)自清洁布袋除尘系统可迅速消除过渡仓投料及主机卸料时给粉料计量系统所带来的正负压力。2)各无纺布软56、接以保证各秤的灵活。3)大折角粉料秤设计使秤内绝无残料。4)优质高稳定性传感器可确保计量的准确和可靠。4.2.3.4、搅拌系统1)双卧轴双螺带式搅拌机（可用于商品混凝土和高强度混凝土的拌合）（目前1M3;1.5M3;2M3和3M3已投放市场）。2)双卧轴叶片式搅拌机（可用于常态混凝土的拌合，在叶片角度调整后可用于水工混凝土的拌合，有1M3,1.5M3,2M3,3M3和4M3五种机型）。双螺带式主机,其连续式搅拌叶片，具有神奇的搅拌能力，大大缩短了搅拌时间，更能迅速制造出高品质的混凝土。双卧轴双螺旋混凝土搅拌主机与普通搅拌主机相比具有以下特点：l 更高的搅拌能力l 更快的卸料速度l 更低的损耗和57、能耗l 搅拌效果更剧烈，均匀，迅速 和普通搅拌主机相比，只要用低于普通搅拌主机的一半搅拌时间即可达到均质搅拌。对于普通混凝土只需20s可达到均质搅拌，对于高性能混凝土只需40s可达到均质搅拌。对于整个搅拌站而言，采用双卧轴双螺旋搅拌主机实现了对高强度，高流动混凝土的复杂搅拌过程的高速化，具有绝对优势的高速搅拌能力。在普通搅拌站基础上采用双卧轴双螺旋搅拌主机，在结构上只需稍加改良，而成本几乎不增长，因此选择双卧轴双螺旋搅拌主机是最佳选择。（1）、搅拌桶体搅拌桶体由优质钢板整体弯成“”形状，由结构特别的管状框架承托，足够的刚度和强度保证主机的正常运转。（2）、搅拌装置搅拌主机工作时，搅拌轴相向转动58、，在搅拌臂与螺带叶片的作用下，物料呈沸腾状运动，同时在搅拌臂的剪切作用下，在较短的时间内达到充分拌和的目的。搅拌臂与搅拌叶片均由螺栓联接，维修与更换方便快捷。独特外形的搅拌臂同样参与搅拌作业，因此，大大缩短搅拌时间。为了便于磨损后的调整和更换，每组搅拌叶片均能方便地在受力磨损方向上调整，直至更换为止。叶片为高强度抗冲耐磨铸铁。 （3）、轴端密封搅拌轴的轴端支撑与轴端密封结构分离，以防止密封装置发生故障时损坏轴承。轴端内方孔密封盖、轴内油封盖、铜环与端部搅拌臂根部之间组成的两道迷宫对混凝土中较粗的沙浆进行阻挡密封；密封盖、密封板、转毂、机座、密封圈之间，密封圈、浮动油封、滑毂及骨架油封之间分别构59、成两个密封腔，同时，第一个腔中，通过定期调整锁紧螺杆，能保持密封板与转毂之间的有效接触；第二个腔中浮动油封能自动补偿，两腔各自在浓油泵产生的压力油作用下，能有效地阻止砂浆的浸入，共同达到完美的密封效果。搅拌轴的支承由轴承座和轴承共同负担，同时通过两个骨架油封的作用，能有效地保证轴承的良好工作环境，以保证主机的正常持久运转。（4）、传动装置双卧轴搅拌主机采用进口螺旋锥齿行星减速机传动，搅拌主轴采用高速端同步，使两轴作反向同步运转，达到强制搅拌效果。与传统的大小链轮传动，大齿轮同步的结构相比，结构紧凑、传动平稳，过载时能通过皮带打滑起到保护搅拌主机等作用。（5）、衬板及叶片弧衬板为高铬耐磨合金铸铁60、，其性能指标符合JG/T5045.2-93规定，其中HRC54，冲击值7.0 N.m/mm2，抗弯强度600N/mm2，。端衬板为进口水淬耐磨钢板制成。衬板的使用寿命可达40000罐次。由于采用螺栓紧固，衬板的更换与位置调节异常方便快捷。搅拌叶片为高强度抗冲击耐磨铸铁，其性能指标符合JG/T5045.1-93规定，其中HRC58，冲击值5.0N.m/mm2，抗弯强度600N/mm2。正常生产时能达到40000罐次。（6）、卸料门卸料门采用两道密封：卸料门组件中采用优质耐磨钢板制作的弧面门板分别与两侧面密封钢条、密封钢条、两端面弧密封条组成第一道密封，能有效地阻挡沙浆中的粗料；安装在门体上的平密61、封条与焊接与桶体上的密封钢条之间，门边缘与竖密封条之间形成第二道密封，能阻止水泥浆泄漏，保证整体的密封性。卸料门的整体弧板面与桶内衬板面持平，能有效的减少强烈的冲击、磨损，真正的做到优质耐久。卸料门两端的支承轴承座可上下调节，接触面磨损后可以调节间隙，确保卸料门的密封。通过调整接近开关在安装架圆弧上的位置，可以任意调解卸料门的开度，控制卸料的速度。卸料门采用液压系统驱动形式，与传统的气动形式相比，具有结构紧凑、动作平稳、开门定位准确、能手动开关门等特点。（7）、润滑系统整个润滑系统采用最先进的德国福鸟润滑油自动加注系统。润滑泵输出的高压浓油经安全阀、滤油器进入块式递进分油器，针对不同的需油点沿62、输油管道分别供给，润滑油有效的进入各润滑点和密封腔，起到润滑密封作用。间断式电脑控制注油方式,可确保在轴端密封可靠运行下油耗最省。（8）、搅拌机盖搅拌机盖与桶体间采用螺栓联接，中间装有密封胶条，起到有效防尘作用。搅拌机盖上设有检修口，用于一般性维修和检查。检修口上安装有安全限制开关，当检修口打开时自动切断主机电源，避免检修主机时发生危险。4.2.3.5、控制系统电控系统简介秉承“为客户需求努力，为客户利益着想，为客户创造价值”的技术开发创新理念，紧密结合国内外行业现状和未来发展方向，凭借自身十数年的技术研发经验，潜心研制开发的新一代具有高技术含量、高运行可靠性的专业化自动控制系统，适应本行业发63、展趋势并有利于推动行业技术进步的自动化控制产品。从系统组成而言，该套电控系统具有稳定性好，功能强大，操作简便。通过外部采样，经过手动、自动、半自动功能。该系统硬件部分配置科学，选型合理坚持全球化采购原则，国际级品牌的产品都被纳入选型范围；系统软件功能强大，运行稳定：以当今流行的Microsoft Windows多用户多任务操作系统为运行平台，充分应用面向对象的先进编程理论，软件具备的功能模块不但涵盖了现阶段绝大多数混凝土生产企业的实际需求，而且提供了必要的软件升级接口，使终端用户获得更高版本更强功能的控制软件成为可能，在控制技术领域的不断创新和超越也将使我们的控制系统继续保持强大的市场竞争力和64、蓬勃生命力。 （1）、系统结构流程模 拟 信 号AD模块PLC通讯模块开 关 信 号执 行 机 构人机界面控 制 计 算 机 控 制 计 算 机 打印共享器打印机 主要特点和部分功能：领先的双计算机同步控制,在混凝土搅拌站电控系统的故障率调查中，计算机故障排在第一位，一旦发生故障将造成停机、停产。双机同步控制系统的两台计算机可同时也可单独完成对整个生产流程的控制和管理，当一台计算机出现故障时，可以由另一台计算机承担控制任务，从而在不需要人工干预的情况下，自动保证系统能持续进行生制产控，将因计算机故障的停机率降到最低。（2） 、系统配置 电控系统的硬件部分坚持全球化采购的原则，国际级品牌的产品都65、在选择范围之内。 各执行单元接线到强电柜 仪表，按钮，电机自动保护开关。 控制系统界面中文显示。 操作系统有设置密码保护和操作人员权限的功能。 系统由两套工业计算机组成，一台作为主控生产系统，另外一台作为管理查询报表用 (同时兼作主控生产机的备用机)。 计算机控制系统实现配料、卸料、搅拌和出砼全过程的自动控制及手动功能。 管理计算机系统可被选择为备份机进行工作。 具有打印统计生产明细表、材料消耗表、混凝土每车明细表、搅拌车趟次汇总表。 能随机存储各种生产数据，随机打印每拌用料表。 操作台面板设有手动按钮，可完成配料，卸料、出砼手动控制功能，按钮均为施耐德产品。 计算机操作平台为Windows 66、NT4.0，控制软件运行可靠 能存储上万条配合比及任务单，并能随时修改和调用。 各种机械动作状态模拟显示以及整个生产工艺流程显示。 具备联锁功能。 在自动生产过程可改变为手动操作调整，且不影响后续自动生产过程。 具备落差自动调整修正，确保配料准确度。 快速校秤功能。 骨料、水配料能粗称、精称。 分批卸料功能、且顺序可调整。 配料设定值，称量值，称量误差以及所需方量和生产量等实时显示。 系统零点自动跟踪。 PLC为MITSUBISHI三菱牌 电气元件空气开关采用ABB ,Schneider系列产品。 电气元件交流接触器采用Schneider系列产品。 电气元件继电器Schneider系列产品。其67、它如开关、磨菇头按钮ZB2、选择按钮ZB2、带灯按钮XB6、指示灯XB6采用施耐德产品。 电缆采用福建南平电缆厂太阳牌产品。 工控系统配置：C168H/PCI通讯卡、数字量输出卡ACLD-9185、数字量输入卡ACLD-9182、数字量采集卡ACL-7120、工控机(整机) RK-610-CI。显示器为PHILIPS 17 ，打印机为EPSON系列，UPS电源1000VA等。（3） 、计量技术指标 各计量单元大于满量程的50%以上，静态精度5； 骨料/掺合料计量单元大于满量程的50%以上，动态精度2%； 水泥计量单元大于满量程的50%以上，动态精度1%； 水、外加剂计量单元大于满量程的50%以68、上，动态精度1%。（4）、控制系统功能u 操作界面 控制程序以Microsoft的多用户多任务操作系统为操作平台； 程序控制界面能直观地反映设备的主要组成部分； 动态模拟生产流程的各个进程，实时模拟显示计量斗中物料的增（配料时）减（卸料时）状况； 实时显示当前配料目标值（Kg）、计量值（Kg）、配料误差相对值（%）； 实时显示正在执行的任务单号、配比编号、客户名称、工程名称等重要生产信息； 实时显示必要的报警信息，与配料有关的，操作员可以根据生产需要自行设置报警的上限和下限； 可通过鼠标或键盘方便快捷地操作控制程序的各个功能模块； 实现配料、卸料、搅拌、出料等混凝土生产全过程的自动控制； 可随69、时通过控制台按钮开关（手动）或鼠标（半自动）对生产过程进行干预； 如选配了砂含水自动检测系统，正确标定后可以自动检测砂的含水率并自动调整砂、水的配料目标值；如采用人工检测方式，输入测得的含水率，控制系统可直接自动调整砂、水的配料目标值； 可建立任意多个满足实际生产需要的任务单项目或记录，并能根据需要对已建立的任务单记录进行编辑（修改）或删除； 可建立任意多个满足实际生产需要的配合比项目或记录，并能根据需要对已建立的配合比记录进行编辑（修改）或删除； 可方便地查询或调用已建立的任务单和配合比项目； 添加配合比记录时自动计算配比设定值的累加值，判断是否在正常范围内，如超出范围则产生报警，避免录入误70、差； 生产过程中可根据实际生产需要随时增加或减少水的配料目标量； 与配料、卸料过程密切相关的配料参数可以根据实际生产需要重新设置，有独立的人机交互界面；u 计量系统控制 可以在配料参数设置窗口内人为给定各物料的配料落差，允许选择是否启动配料落差的自动跟踪功能，如启动则系统自动跟踪修正； 具备粗、精计量机械机构的，系统可实现粗、精计量； 具有粗、精计量功能的，可根据实际情况调整精计量的起始点； 可以根据实际生产需要选择是否启动计量单元零位自动跟踪、补偿功能； 具备欠称补称、超称扣称功能，提高计量精度；u 投料系统控制 可以根据实际生产需要调整相关参数安排投料的先后次序； 可根据实际生产需要调整搅71、拌时间，搅拌机半开门、全开门卸料时间； 系统可以根据输入的混凝土运输车的需求方量自动分配最佳的搅拌容量和搅拌盘数； 生产过程中如由于某种原因导致不能按照工艺流程卸料，在不影响混凝土质量的前提下允许强制卸料，使生产循环连续进行；u 其它控制 控制程序根据混凝土生产的实际工艺流程要求设置有必要的逻辑连锁功能； 系统提供重要生产参数的缺省参考值，如操作员设置某参数超出正常范围系统不接受错误设置而以对应缺省值为准； 可以根据实际情况选择是否每批次打印发货单据，是否以套打方式打印发货单据； 可根据实际生产任务编排任务单队列，实现不同批次的连续生产； 预先建立运输车、驾驶员数据列表以方便实际操作时快速选择72、； 设置关键信号检测通道的备份，如出现某一通道损坏，可由硬件线路和软件配置快速切换，启用备份通道； 可将系统处于最佳运行状态时的生产参数备份起来，出现故障导致生产参数丢失或破坏时可快速复原； 系统自动记录原始生产数据作为数据统计系统查询、统计、打印的依据； 如果以手动方式生产某一盘或某一批次混凝土，允许以手动方式添加生产记录并记入方量；（5）、数据管理系统 数据管理系统提供几种常用的表格类型，并提供可能用到的查询条件 混凝土搅拌站配料明细表 混凝土搅拌站材料消耗表 混凝土搅拌站单车明细表 搅拌车趟次汇总表 4.2.4、主楼 搅拌机支撑平台高4.9 m，(4m3机达6.9M)汽车通道宽大于4.573、 m。 主楼立柱采用直径325的大型无缝钢管制成，刚性大，平台及横梁采用H型钢（300x200）及30a等大型槽钢。 搅拌平台面积达33.6 m2，(4M3机有49M2)预留有大的维修空间，用花纹钢板。 主机接料斗安装在搅拌机出料门下，配有可拆式衬板,出口直径500 mm，配有橡胶保护套。 第二层平台安装在搅拌机平台上，用于安装过渡料仓、水泥秤、粉煤灰秤及外加剂秤等，立柱支撑采用H型型钢（200x150）制成，刚性大。 骨料过渡料仓容积为一罐生料的储存，由5 mm钢板制成，配有一个振动器，料仓内衬有6 mm厚的耐磨钢板，由二个缸径100 mm行程200 mm的气缸和电磁阀（均为济南华能产品）控74、制。过渡料仓为全密封设计，予留皮带机入料口,皮带机在过渡料仓的落料点采用精确的跑料曲线设计,使过渡料仓几乎不磨损,过渡仓上部和主楼20M2脉冲式除尘器合二为一,既节省了空间,方便除尘器的检修,并使过渡料仓的粉尘外逸得到了控制,保正楼内空气清新。 楼内设有NFLG20M2脉冲式除尘系统，可自清洁,免去经常清理的烦脑。 楼内楼层间设有楼梯。主楼外封采用C型槽钢（80x50x25x2.5），外封50 mm厚的夹芯钢板。主楼配置的除尘系统和主楼的50mm夹芯板包装可使搅拌站达到国家标准的粉尘及噪音的环保要求 。 4.2.5、环保措施防止噪音所采取的措施：1）、皮带机上下全布包封，头部加水清洗装置，有效75、减少骨料输送过程中的噪音及粉尘；2）、过渡料仓为全封闭式，斜皮带机抛料曲线模拟设计，有效减少骨料下落时与斗壁碰撞产生噪音和粉尘；3）、搅拌主机的减速机采用进口意大利SIMEM公司原装产品，运转平稳，噪音低；4）、搅拌主楼采用全封闭式，有效降低工作时对周边环境的噪音影响；5）、控制室采用双层隔热防噪音型装修，尽量降低外界对其内操作人员的影响；6）、控制室与搅拌主楼间隔距离大，有效降低噪音对操作人员的影响；防止粉尘所采取的措施：1）、除装载机上料处的储料仓外，其余全部采用封闭式，最大限度的防止粉尘的散发；2）、搅拌主机、粉剂称量斗处均有通气管与集中除尘器相连，有效防止进料时产生的粉尘气体对周围的扩76、散；3）、粉罐顶部各有一集中除尘器，有效收集泵送粉料时所产生的粉尘。4）、主楼采用NFLG20M2脉冲式除尘器,可有效的收集过渡料仓和主机产生的粉尘,确保楼内的空气清洁.4.2.6、水路、气路系统1）、水路、气路系统均采用镀锌钢管制作.2）、水路由水泵-输水管道-楼上储水箱-卸水碟阀组成3）、水泵和气动水碟阀均采用国内知名品牌,以保证系统的可靠.4）、气路由空压机，管路附件，储气筒、三联件，各种接头、尼龙管、电磁阀、气缸等组成。5）、为了保证整机的性能各元器件均采用名牌产品。 4.3.主要设备和辅助设备表HZS180商品混凝土搅拌站（一号线）序号名 称规 格数量单位主要外购件产地1配料站骨料仓77、30 m35个35NFLG计量仓石头3600kg2%砂2400kg2%5个NFLG传感器SBC-200015套中美合资常州TOLEDO气缸80x30015个费斯托集团济南杰菲特气动有限公司骨料仓支架1套NFLG皮带机驱动系统15kW1套江苏国茂国泰或浙江三联皮带NN200-B10x8001套福建南平支撑托辊1套唐山北华清扫器合金B8001套NFLG拉线开关1 套施迈塞振动器MVE300/34个欧力振动器MVE200/32个欧力2皮带机电机45kW1个20福州万德轴装式减速机TIT9-151个天津减速器皮带NN200-B10x10001条福建南平支撑托辊1套唐山北华机架含双走道1套NFLG张紧装78、置1套NFLG皮带机水洗系统（含水泵一台）1套NFLG承料斗1个NFLG上包装、下集料板、走台1套NFLG急停开关2套施迈塞清扫器合金B10001套NFLG3搅拌主机搅拌桶体JS3000(双螺带)1个26.5NFLG电机55kW2个福州万德左右侧减速机2个ALMAN润滑系统1套德国全套液压单元3kW带手动泵1套ALMAN4搅拌主楼钢结构1套25NFLG过渡料仓1个NFLG气缸100-2002个费斯托集团济南杰菲特气动有限公司振动器MVE100/31个欧力除尘系统20 m2脉冲式1套NFLG主机卸料斗带可拆耐磨衬板1套NFLG外封50mm夹芯板1套当地采购外部楼梯1套NFLG5水计量系统水计量筒79、700kg1%1个4NFLG液位计APS-31个台湾凡宜水泵1个上海储液箱2 m31个NFLG管路3”1套NFLG传感器TSC10001套中美合资常州TOLEDO蝶阀（粗配水）80 带磁性开关1个上海蝶阀（细配水）50 带磁性开关1个上海蝶阀DN2001个上海6水泥计量系统水泥计量斗1800kg1%1个4NFLG传感器SBC-1000 3套中美合资常州TOLEDO蝶阀VIFS300-CP1001个WAM振动器MVE100/31个欧力7粉灰计量系统粉料计量斗600kg1%1个4NFLG传感器SBC-500 3套中美合资常州TOLEDO蝶阀VIFS250-CP1001个WAM振动器MVE100/380、1个欧力8外加剂计量系统计量筒（不锈钢）40kg1%2个5NFLG外加剂泵2个上海储液箱1 m32个NFLG管路2套NFLG气动球阀25带磁性开关2个上海国泰传感器TSC2002个中美合资常州TOLEDO气缸（保护防漏）32-1002个费斯托集团济南杰菲特气动有限公司气动蝶阀50带磁性开关2个上海9气动系统空压机TA-100功率7.5kW1个5台湾复盛气路系统1”1套NFLG电磁阀气缸自带1套费斯托集团济南杰菲特气动有限公司储气罐1.0/1.0-0.125/1.0各1个市购单联件G1”1个费斯托集团济南杰菲特气动有限公司三联件G1”2个费斯托集团济南杰菲特气动有限公司10电控系统加大控制室恒温81、装修1套20NFLG控制软件搅拌站双机同步控制应用软件2套NFLG计算机ADLink 工业计算机2 套台湾凌华科技17寸液晶2 套PHILIPS 操作台主要电器元件采用：ABB、施耐德、欧姆龙等世界知名品牌。1 套NFLG强电柜1 套NFLG控制柜1 套NFLGPLC 1 套MITSUBISHI打印机1套EPSON监视系统彩色，三监视点1套配料站、外加剂秤、成品卸料斗序号设备名称技术性能及规格生产能力（t/h)装机容量（kw)台数备注1胶带输送机22回转布料机23回转筛24搅拌主机215砂石秤2t46螺旋输送机107粉料秤1.5t28外加剂秤0.1t49袋收尘器处理风量：1200m/h 排放浓82、度：50/m210水秤1t111粒度分析仪1套12化学分析仪器1套13物理检验仪器1套14混凝土试验设备2015料位仪116螺旋式分离机1517搅拌运输车218泵车HZS180商品混凝土搅拌站（二号线）序号名 称规 格数量单位主要外购件产地1配料站骨料仓30 m34个28NFLG计量仓石头3600kg2%砂2400kg2%4个NFLG传感器SBC-200012套中美合资常州TOLEDO气缸80x30012个费斯托集团济南杰菲特气动有限公司骨料仓支架1套NFLG皮带机驱动系统15kW1套江苏国茂国泰或浙江三联皮带NN200-B10x8001套福建南平支撑托辊1套唐山北华清扫器合金B8001套NF83、LG拉线开关1 套施迈塞振动器MVE300/34个欧力振动器MVE200/32个欧力2皮带机电机45kW1个20福州万德轴装式减速机TIT9-151个天津减速器皮带NN200-B10x10001条福建南平支撑托辊1套唐山北华机架含双走道1套NFLG张紧装置1套NFLG皮带机水洗系统（含水泵一台）1套NFLG承料斗1个NFLG上包装、下集料板、走台1套NFLG急停开关2套施迈塞清扫器合金B10001套NFLG3搅拌主机搅拌桶体JS3000(双螺带)1个26.5NFLG电机55kW2个福州万德左右侧减速机2个ALMAN润滑系统1套德国全套液压单元3kW带手动泵1套ALMAN4搅拌主楼钢结构1套2584、NFLG过渡料仓1个NFLG气缸100-2002个费斯托集团济南杰菲特气动有限公司振动器MVE100/31个欧力除尘系统20 m2脉冲式1套NFLG主机卸料斗带可拆耐磨衬板1套NFLG外封50mm夹芯板1套当地采购外部楼梯1套NFLG5水计量系统水计量筒700kg1%1个4NFLG液位计APS-31个台湾凡宜水泵1个上海储液箱2 m31个NFLG管路3”1套NFLG传感器TSC10001套中美合资常州TOLEDO蝶阀（粗配水）80 带磁性开关1个上海蝶阀（细配水）50 带磁性开关1个上海蝶阀DN2001个上海6水泥计量系统水泥计量斗1800kg1%1个4NFLG传感器SBC-1000 3套中美85、合资常州TOLEDO蝶阀VIFS300-CP1001个WAM振动器MVE100/31个欧力7粉灰计量系统粉料计量斗600kg1%1个4NFLG传感器SBC-500 3套中美合资常州TOLEDO蝶阀VIFS250-CP1001个WAM振动器MVE100/31个欧力8外加剂计量系统计量筒（不锈钢）40kg1%2个5NFLG外加剂泵2个上海储液箱1 m32个NFLG管路2套NFLG气动球阀25带磁性开关2个上海国泰传感器TSC2002个中美合资常州TOLEDO气缸（保护防漏）32-1002个费斯托集团济南杰菲特气动有限公司气动蝶阀50带磁性开关2个上海9气动系统空压机TA-100功率7.5kW1个586、台湾复盛气路系统1”1套NFLG电磁阀气缸自带1套费斯托集团济南杰菲特气动有限公司储气罐1.0/1.0-0.125/1.0各1个市购单联件G1”1个费斯托集团济南杰菲特气动有限公司三联件G1”2个费斯托集团济南杰菲特气动有限公司10电控系统加大控制室恒温装修1套20NFLG控制软件搅拌站双机同步控制应用软件2套NFLG计算机ADLink 工业计算机2 套台湾凌华科技17寸液晶2 套PHILIPS 操作台主要电器元件采用：ABB、施耐德、欧姆龙等世界知名品牌。1 套NFLG强电柜1 套NFLG控制柜1 套NFLGPLC 1 套MITSUBISHI打印机1套EPSON监视系统彩色，三监视点1套配料87、站、外加剂秤、成品卸料斗4.4. 总体布置4.4.1、总平面布置的原则（1）在满足生产工艺流程的情况下，力求做到同水电紧密结合，节约投资；（2）注重总体规划和功能分区，做到工艺流程简洁、顺畅；（3）荷重大的主要建筑物宜布置在工程地址良好的地段；（4）厂内外道路合理设置，确保运输能力；（5）满足消防、卫生、交通等有关规范的标准要求。4.4.2、总平面布置方案本项目两条生产线并列布置，充分利用地形优势，原料区设在山坡上，大大缩短了供料距离并节约施工费用。1) 原料区：本区布置有砂石堆场、料仓、输送等设施。2) 搅拌区：本区布置有配料站、水泥筒仓、矿物掺合物、搅拌主机等设施。本区是全厂的生产核心。本88、区的特点是建筑、设备荷重大，联系紧密，设备布置紧凑。4.5.交通运输本工程的运输主要以公路运输4.5.1厂外运输公路：公路运输主要通过厂址北侧的出入口与厂外联系。5.电气及给排水5.1、电气5.1.1.用电负荷和电耗计算负荷：280kW综合电耗：0.22kWh/m3年耗电量：13.034万kW.h5.1.2、供配电系统1、总配电站在厂区内设一总配电站，总配内设10kV配电设备和电容补偿装置。全厂所有的10kV用电设备均由总配直接供电。2、配电系统在厂区内设一电气室，电气室设在废气处理袋收尘框架下。电气室的配电控制范围包括集料输送、水泥及矿物外加剂输送、配料、称量、搅拌机及生产水、外加剂等。5.89、1.3、主要设备选型高压开关柜KYN-10中置式低压开关柜GCK变压器BS9非标控制箱JK直流操作电源免维护型液体变阻器YDQ55.1.4、配电线路6kV线路采用YJV-6交联聚氯乙烯电缆，低压电缆采用VV-1、VV22-1聚氯乙烯电缆，控制电缆采用KVV-0.5、KVVP-0.5聚氯乙烯控制电缆。厂区室外主要采用电缆沟敷设，局部采用电缆桥架和直埋敷设，厂区道路照明采用电缆埋地敷设；车间内采用电缆桥架、电缆沟、穿管直埋敷设相结合的方式。5.1.5、电气照明户外采用节能型高压钠灯，采用光电节能开关，对各区段路灯进行控制；各车间照明电源分别引自相应的电气室，在车间内的合适位置设置照明配电箱，工业厂90、房选用节能型工厂灯；控制室内选用荧光灯。5.1.6、防雷与接地厂区内15米以上的建、构筑物均须设置防雷装置，利用建筑物顶部金属栏杆并在需要时设置避雷针作为接闪器，充分利用建筑物基础作为防雷接地体，在其接地阻值不能满足要求时可打接地极来满足要求。总降设立独立避雷针。5.2.、给排水系统本项目生产、生活、消防用水由昆钢龙山矿供水系统提供。5.2.1用水量序号用水点给水量排水量水质水压备注1浴室及卫生设施22m/d11m/d生活用水0.22消防用水60L/S25L/S生产水0.3火灾使用3生产用水450m/d无生产水0.25.2.2、生产循环给水系统 运转设备的冷却水循环使用，并且将厂内清洗场地和运91、输车的水泥浆水作为混凝土的生产用水或在沉淀池内经过沉淀后作为混凝土搅拌运输车的冲洗水，达到反复利用。5.2.3、生活、消防给水系统工厂内设有生活给水管网，由工厂生活水管接入，接入管径为DN100，管网供水压力不小于0.25MPa。消防采用低压制，由消防车加压后实施消防。消防按同一时间内火灾次数和老厂一起按一次计，最大消防流量为25l/s,消防时间以2小时计，共需消防水量1800m.消防用水平时储存在循环水池中，不得动用，消防时由消防泵加压供全厂消防用水。电气室拟设火灾自动报警系统。5.2.4、排水系统厂内雨水排水系统拟采用明沟排除，根据情况可设置盖板。厂内无生产排水，因此可直接排入厂内雨水系统92、。生活污水排水系统室内采用塑料排水管、室外采用轻型钢筋混凝土排水管。雨水沟砖砌，水泥砂浆抹面。生活污水经二级生化处理后排入厂区雨水沟。6、环境保护与劳动安全、工业卫生6.1、环境保护6.1.1、设计依据及执行标准中华人民共和国环境保护法建设项目环境保护管理条例冶金工业环境保护设计规定工业厂界噪声标准（YB9066-95）工业水污染物综合排放标准大气污染物综合排放标准GB16297-966.1.2、主要污染物本项目建设一条年产60万m/a商品混凝土生产线。主要污染物是粉尘、噪声。粉尘主要产生的物料的储存、输送等等工艺过程中。本工程高噪声设备主要是搅拌机、空压机等，噪声值分别8590dB（A）、893、085 dB（A）。排放的废水主要为少量生活污水。6.2、污染防治措施6.2.1、粉尘治理粉尘是本项目造成大气污染的主要因素。为了有效地控制各个扬尘点的粉尘，工艺设计中将尽量采用密闭设备和密闭式的储库、降低物料转运的落差，含尘气体经高效除尘设备净化后由组织的排放，排放废气含尘浓度将小于50/Nm。除尘器收下的粉尘将回到各自的工艺流程中，没有固体废弃物排出。本项目设置了2台高效除尘设备。在胶带输送机上设置防尘罩或将胶带输送机整体封闭起来，使砂石在封闭的通道中运行。这样不仅可防止砂石粉尘所造成的污染，而且也避免了雨雪对混凝土质量的影响，同时也延长了输送胶带的使用寿命。散装粉料罐车在往筒仓送料时，由94、于物料的落差产生的粉尘，同时还伴随着仓内压力的产生。在每个筒仓顶部设置一个收尘管道，以此达到收尘的目的，为防止除尘设备不能正常工作时，筒仓内压力增大而可能产生的爆仓现象，在筒仓顶部设置减压阀。6.2.2、噪声治理1）在满足工艺生产的前提下，设计时选择加工精度高、装配质量好、产生噪声低的设备。2）设立隔声值班室。3）用建筑物、构筑物来阻隔声波的传播。4）本工程选用的搅拌主机噪声低，距磨机1.5米的地方噪声低于设计时还将采取减震基础，最大限度地降低噪音。5）空压机、风机属空气动力性噪声，通过在设备上加消音器达到降低噪音的目的。6）提高自动化程度，为巡检工配置消声耳罩等手段，尽量减少噪声危害。通过以95、上措施使车间内岗位噪音、厂界噪音达到国家标准。6.2.3、污水处理 本工程生产用水主要是设备冷却水，94%以上循环使用。少量化验室酸碱废液收集、中和后与生活污水一起排入污水池，经二级生化处理达标后排放。6.2.4、绿化绿化在防止污染、保护和改善环境方面起特殊的作用。它具有较好的调温、调湿、改善小气候、净化空气、减弱噪声等的功能。设计中将在厂房周围及道路两旁等凡能绿化的地带种植适宜树木、草坪等，美化环境。7. 投资及经济评价7.1、投资估算7.1.1、 编制依据 1、国家计委、建设部计委（1993）530号文件建设项目经济评价方法与参数（第三版）。 2、国家经济贸易委员会1972年版电力工业基本96、建设预算管理制度及规定。 3、设备价格：执行工程建设全国机电设备价格汇编，并根据近期同类机组实际订货价格进行调整，不足部分参照类似工程进行估算。 4、设备运杂费：按设备价格的6%计算。 5、基本预备费按工程费用与其他费用之和的3%估算，涨价预备费暂不考虑。 6、国家已经停征固定资产方向调节税。 7、建设投资使用自有资金，不考虑建设期贷款利息。 7.1.2本项目投资估算为：1045万元 、投资估算一览表 表一序号费用名称估算值备注（万 元）1工程费954 1.1建筑工程2851.2安装工程1241.3设备购置5452其他费用353未预见费564总计1045 7.2. 技术经济分析7.2.1评价原97、则7.2.1.1 依照国家计委和建设部颁发的建设项目经济评价方法与参数（3版）和国家现行财税制度的有关规定进行计算。 7.2.1.2 遵循费用与效益口径一致的原则。7.2.1.3本评价采用含税价格体系，投入、产出物均以含税价格计算。经济效益计算中，以投入、产出物的价格水平相对一致为原则。7.2.2财务分析及评价7.2.2.1生产规模及项目收入 本项目建成后可生产多种规格的商品混凝土，共计60万m3，平均售价按240元/m3计算，侧年收入为14400万7.2.2.2资金筹措本项目固定资产投资1045万元全部自筹。项目生产流动资金为750万，其中，30%为自有 资金，70%为银行贷款，年利率5.398、1%。 7.2.2.3项目建设进度及达产计划 本项目建设期为 6个月，第二年投产80%，即48万m3，第三年达产，即60万m3。项目计算期按13年考虑。7.2.2.4项目成本费用估算7.2.2.4.1.原材料、燃料、动力及加工制造等成本费用为200元/ m3。7.2.2.4.2.劳动定员60人，年人工费用180万。其他费用120万（管理费用，销售费用）。 7.2.2.4.3 本项目固定资产折旧年限按12年考虑，残值率为5%，其折旧费计算见成本估算表 。2.2.4.4、本项目年生产修理费用40万元。 以上各成本费用计算结果见总成本费估算表 7.2.3税金及利润计算本项目增值税税率17%，城乡维护99、建设税和教育费附加分别按增值税7%和3%计算，所得税按25%计取 利润计算表 表二 费用名称（万元）年平均利润总额1554.53年平均所得税388.63年平均税后利润1165.97.2.4 现金流量分析 本项目计算期按13年计算，经对各方案项目现金流量分析计算，结果如下： 财务评价指标 表三评价指标财务内部收益率（FIRR）%80.56财务净现值（FNPV）10%6407.48万元 投资回收期（年）2.09 7.2.5不确定性分析2.5.1盈亏平衡分析 经计算，各方案盈亏平衡点见下表 盈亏平衡点 表四生产能力利用率（%）21.49销售价格（%）86.91结果表明，根据盈亏平衡计算的结果可知本项100、目达到盈亏平衡时的生产能力利用率为221.49%、或销售价格为：86.91%即项目保本。 7.2.5.2敏感性分析对产品及原料价格、产量和固定资产投资等不确定因素进行敏感性分析，可知，产品的销售价格的提高或降低对财务收益率的影响最为敏感，其次为成本。结果见单因素敏感性分析。7.3结论由以上计算分析可见，该项目财务内部收益率为80.56%、，全部投资回收期为2.09年（含建设期）；财务指标很好；经济效益明显。项目可尽快实施。附表：财务评价指标汇总表1 单位：万元序号项目名称数据1项目总投资1795其中计算注册资本的总投资12701.1建设投资10451.2建设期利息1.3流动资金750其中铺底流101、动资金2252资金筹措17952.1项目资本金1270其中注册资本12702.2项目债务资金525其中与注册资本匹配资金2.3其他资金3年均销售收入141604年均总成本费用12235.115年均销售税金及附加27.436年均增值税342.927年均息税前利润（EBIT）1581.758年均利润总额1554.539年均所得税388.6310年均净利润1165.911总投资收益率（%）88.1212投资利税率（%）107.2413项目资本金净利润率（%）91.814贷款偿还期15平均利息备付率（%）16平均偿债备付率（%）17项目投资税前指标财务内部收益率（%）107.66财务净现值（I=10%102、）8818.16全部投资回收期（年）1.7418项目投资税后指标财务内部收益率（%）80.56财务净现值（I=10%）6407.48全部投资回收期（年）2.0919资本金内部收益率(%)96.1820盈亏平衡点生产能力利用率（%）21.49销售价格（%）86.91总成本费用估算表10 单位：万元序号项目名称合计123456789101112130生产成本146494.81002012420124201242012420124201242012420124201242012350123501直接材料1416009600120001200012000120001200012000120001200103、01200012000120001.1原材料141600960012000120001200012000120001200012000120001200012000120001.2直接燃料及动力1.2.1燃料1.2.2动力1.3直接工资及福利费21601801801801801801801801801801801801801.4其它直接支出14401201201201201201201201201201201201201.5制造费用1294.8119.5119.5119.5119.5119.5119.5119.5119.5119.5119.549.949.91.5.1折旧费814.879.57104、9.579.579.579.579.579.579.579.579.59.99.91.5.2修理费4804040404040404040404040401.5.3其它制造费用2管理费用2.1无形资产摊销2.2其他资产摊销2.3其它管理费用3财务费用326.619.927.927.927.927.927.927.927.927.927.927.927.93.1短期负债利息净支出326.619.927.927.927.927.927.927.927.927.927.927.927.93.2长期负债利息净支出3.3其它财务费用4营业费用5总成本费用146821.4100391244712447124105、4712447124471244712447124471244712378123786经营成本145680994012340123401234012340123401234012340123401234012340123407固定成本5221.4439.4447.4447.4447.4447.4447.4447.4447.4447.4447.4377.8377.88可变成本141600960012000120001200012000120001200012000120001200012000120007Lesson 1 A private conversation 私人谈话Last week 106、I went to the theatre. I had a very good seat. The play was very interesting. I did not enjoy it. A young man and a young woman were sitting behind me. They were talking loudly. I got very angry. I could not hear the actors. I turned round. I looked at the man and the woman angrily. They did not pay107、 any attention. In the end, I could not bear it. I turned round again. I cant hear a word! I said angrily. Its none of your business, the young man said rudely. This is a private conversation!.Lesson 2 Breakfast or lunch? 早餐还是午餐？It was Sunday. I never get up early on Sundays. I sometimes stay in bed108、 until lunch time.Last Sunday I got up very late. I looked out of the window. It was dark outside. What a day! I thought. Its raining again. Just then, the telephone rang. It was my aunt Lucy. Ive just arrived by train, she said. Im coming to see you. But Im still having breakfast, I said.What are y109、ou doing ? she asked. Im having breakfast, I repeated.Dear me, she said. Do you always get up so late ? Its one oclock!Lesson 3 Please send me a card 请给我寄一张明信片 Postcards always spoil my holidays. Last summer, I went to Italy. I visited museums and sat in public gardens. A friendly waiter taught me a110、 few words of Italian. Then he lent me a book. I read a few lines, but I did not understand a word. Every day I thought about postcards. My holidays passed quickly, but I did not send any cards to my friends. On the last day I made a big decision. I got up early and bought thirty-seven cards. I spen111、t the whole day in my room, but I did not write a single card !Lesson 4 An exciting trip 激动人心的旅行I have just received a letter from my brother, Tim. He is in Australia. He has been there for six months. Tim is an engineer. He is working for a big firm and he has already visited a great number of diff112、erent places in Australia. He has just bought an Australian car and has gone to Alice Springs, a small town in the centre of Australia. He will soon visit Darwin. From there, he will fly to Perth. My brother has never been abroad before, so he is finding this trip very exciting.Lesson 5 No wrong num113、bers 无错号之虞 Mr James Scott has a garage in Silbury and now he has just bought another garage in Pinhurst. Pinhurst is only five miles from Silbury, but Mr Scott cannot get a telephone for his new garage, so he has just bought twelve pigeons. Yesterday, a pigeon carried the first message from Pinhurst114、 to Silbury. The bird covered the distance in three minutes. Up to now, Mr Scott has sent a great many requests for spare parts and other urgent messages from one garage to the other. In this way, he has begun his own private telephone service.Lesson 6 Percy Buttons 珀西巴顿斯I have just moved to a house115、 in Bridge Street. Yesterday a beggar knocked at my door. He asked me for a meal and a glass of beer. In return for this, the beggar stood on his head and sang songs. I gave him a meal. He ate the food and drank the beer. Then he put a piece of cheese in his pocket and went away. Later a neighbour t116、old me about him. Everybody knows him. His name is Percy Buttons. He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.Lesson 7 Too late 为时太晚 The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. They were expecting a valuable parcel 117、of diamond from South Africa. A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield. Two men took the parcel off the plane and carri118、ed it into the Customs House. While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!Lesson 8 The best and the worst 最好的和最差的Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters fo119、r The Nicest Garden Competition each year, but Joe wins every time. Bill Friths garden is larger than Joes. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joes garden is more interesting. He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but120、 I do not like hard work. Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!Lesson 9 A cold welcome 冷遇On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall. It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the T121、own Hall clock. It would strike twelve in twenty minutes time. Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped. The big minute hand did not move. We waited and waited, but nothing happened. Suddenly someone shouted, Its two minutes past twelve! The clock has stopped! I looked a122、t my watch. It was true. The big clock refused to welcome the New Year. At that moment everybody began to laugh and sing.Lesson 10 Not for jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord(翼琴). It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living-room. It has 123、belong to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is bein124、g repaired by a friend of my fathers.Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来I was having dinner at a restaurant when Harry Steele came in. Harry worked in a lawyers office years ago, but he is now working at a bank. He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never 125、pays it back. Harry saw me and came and sat at the same table. He has never borrowed money from me. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me &2. To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately. I have never borrowed any money from you, Harry said, so now you can pay for my dinner!Lesson 12 Goodb126、ye and good luck 再见，一路顺风Our ncighbour, Captain Charles Alison, will sail from Portsmouth tomorrow. We shall meet him at the harbour early in the morning. He will be in his small boat, Topsail.Tapsail is a famous little boat. It has sailed across the Atlantic many times. Captain Alison will set out a127、t eight oclock so we shall have plenty of time. We shall see his boat and then we shall say good-bye to him. He will be away for two months. We are very proud of him. He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic.Lesson 13 The Greenwood Boys 绿林少年The Greenwood Boys are a group of popular128、 singers. At present, they are visiting all parts of the country. They will be arriving here tomorrow. They will be coming by train and most of the youngpeople in the town will be meeting them at the station. Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the Workers Club. The Greenwood Boys will be stayi129、ng for five days. During this time, they will give five performances. As usual, the police will have a difficult time. They will be trying to keep order. It is always the same on these occasions.Lesson 14 Do you speak English? 你会讲英语吗？I had an amusing experience last year. After I had left a small vi130、llage in the south of France, I drove on to the next town. On the way, a young man waved to me. I stopped and he asked me for a lift. As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language. Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all.131、 Neither of us spoke during the journey. I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, Do you speak English? As I soon learnt, he was English himself!Lesson 15 Good news 佳音 The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. I felt very nervous when. I went into h132、is office. He did not look up from his desk when I entered. After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad. He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. Twenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had come. Mr. Harmsworth, I said in a weak voice. Dont inter133、rupt, he Said. Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra &100 a year!Lesson 16 A polite request 彬彬有礼的要求If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it. You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. However, this does not always happen. Traffic po134、lice are sometimes very polite. During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: Sir, we welcome you to our city. This is a No Parking area. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder. If you receive a request like this, you cannot fa135、il to obey it!Lesson 17 Always young 青年常驻My aunt Jennifer is an actress. She must be at least thirty-five years old. In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl. Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. This time, she will be a girl of seventeen. In the play, she must136、 appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress. If anyone ever asked her how old she is, she always answers, My dear, it must be terrible to be grown up!lesson18 He often does this! 他经常干这种事！After I ha137、d had lunch at a village inn, I looked for my bag. I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasnt there ! As I was looking for it, the inn-keeper came in. Did you have a good meal ? he asked. Yes, thank you, I answered, but I cant pay the bill. I havent got my bag. The inn-keeper smiled a138、nd immediately went out. In a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it back to me. Im very sorry, he said My dog had taken it into the garden. He often does this.Lesson19 Sold out 票已售完The play may begin at any moment, I said. It may have begun already, Susan answered.I hurried to the ticket-o139、ffice. May I have two tickets please ? I asked.Im sorry, weve sold out, the girl said.What a pity! Susan exclaimed.Just then, a man hurried to the ticket-office.Can I return these two tickets? he asked.Certainly, the girl said.Could I have those two tickets please ? I asked.Certainly, the girl said,140、 but they are for next Wednesdays performance.I might as well have them, I said sadly.Lesson20 One man in a boat 独坐孤舟Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots141、 and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything-not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. You must give up fishing! my friends say. Its a waste of time. But they dont realize one important thing. Im not really interested in fis142、hing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all !Lesson21 Mad or not? 是不是疯了？Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. The airport was built during the war, but for some reason it could not be used then. Last y143、ear, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here144、. Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right.Lesson22 A glass envelope 玻璃信封My daughter, Jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in Holland. Last year, we were travelling across the Channel and Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a145、 bottle. She threw the bottle into the sea. She never thought of it again, but ten months later, she received a letter from a girl in Holland. Both girls write to each other regularly now. However, they have decided to use the post-office. Letters will cost a litt1e more, but they will certainly tra146、vel faster. Lesson23 A new house 新居I利润和利润分配表12 单位：万元序号项目名称合计123456789101112131营业收入1699201152014400144001440014400144001440014400144001440014400144002增值税及附加4444.2301.3376.6376.6376.6376.6376.6376.6376.6376.6376.6376.6376.63总成本费用1468211003912447124471244712447124471244712447124471244712378123784贴补收入5利147、润总额(1-2-3+4)186541179157615761576157615761576157615761576164616466弥补以前年度亏损7应纳税所得额(5-6)186541179157615761576157615761576157615761576164616468所得税4663.6294.8394394394394394394394394394411.4411.49净利润(5-8)13991884.51182118211821182118211821182118211821234123410期初未分配利润11可供分配的利润（9+10）884.511821182118211821148、18211821182118211821234123412提取法定盈余公积金679.4488.45118.2118.2118.2118.2118.213可供投资者分配的利润（11-12）7961064106410641064106411821182118211821234123414应付优先股股利15提取任意盈余公积金16应付普通股股利（13-14-15）7961064106410641064106411821182118211821234123417各投资方利润分配：133117961064106410641064106411821182118211821234123418未分配利润（13-149、14-15-17）19息税前利润1898111991604160416041604160416041604160416041673167320息税折旧摊销前利润19796127916831683168316831683168316831683168316831683项目投资现金流量表13 单位：万元序号项目名称合计123456789101112131现金流入170900.21152014400144001440014400144001440014400144001440014400153801.1营业收入169920115201440014400144001440014400144001440150、0144001440014400144001.2补贴收入1.3回收固定资产230.2230.21.4回收流动资金7507501.5其他收入2现金流出151919.210451084112867127171271712717127171271712717127171271712717127172.1建设投资104510452.2流动资金7506001502.3经营成本145680994012340123401234012340123401234012340123401234012340123402.4增值税及附加4444.2301.3376.6376.6376.6376.6376.6376.63151、76.6376.6376.6376.6376.62.5维持运营投资2.6其它现金流出3所得税前净现金流量（1-2）18981-1045678.7153316831683168316831683168316831683168326644累计所得税前净现金流量-1045-36611672850453462177901958411267129511463416317189815调整所得税4745.3299.8401401401401401401401401401418.4418.46所得税后净现金流量（3-5）14235.7-1045378.91132128212821282128212821282152、12821282126522457累计所得税后净现金流量-1045-666466.31749303143145596687881619443107261199114236计算指标：1-税前；2-税后12项目投资财务内部收益率（%）107.780.56项目投资财务净现值（I=10%）88186407项目投资回收期（年）1.742.09单因素敏感性分析16序号不确定因素不确定因素变化率(%)项目评价指标指数税前内部收益率税后内部收益率借款偿还期偿债备付率敏感系数临界点0基本方案107.6680.561建设投资2092.769.950.66829.66-20129.295.61099.5774.84153、-10117.3587.365103.4477.58-5112.2783.82销售价格20285211.498.13-11.67-20-75.96-75.9610195144.91-1026.1820.15150.92112.35-565.949.843经营成本20-41.68-41.687.5913.54-20260.85193.451036.928.24-10183136571.4753.96-5145107.994产量变化20163.54121.632.55-36.28-2054.2941.2410135.37100.91-1080.5660.655121.4590.69-59470.55表六表七表八表九