1、measures planned implementation of technical protection measures and security schemes, the problems should be promptly reported to the Manager. 37th: carbon supervisor leadership and head of the company should periodically check the anti-accident measures planned, security technology protection meas2、ures planned in implementation of measures against accidents and guarantee schemes, security technology protection measures planned in implementation. Seventh article 38th of education and training: new factory (company) production staff (including internships, commissioned officer), must be approve3、d by the factory (company), workshop and team level safety education upon passing the examination before entering production site. Tertiary-level education after card registration, by the companys production technology section recovery archive, and reported to the company trade unions, safety record4、. Training and examinations including the safe work procedures as well as relevant safety regulations, work environment and jobs there are risk factors, preventive measures and emergency treatment, and so on. The 39th article: new producers must receive the following training and qualified posts: (a5、) the operating personnel, scheduling, must pass through the field point, institutional learning, on-site training and classes practice; (B) the maintenance, including technical staff, must undergo maintenance, technical specifications for learning and class practice; (C) special operations personne6、l, must pass the national professional training, after obtaining a special operations qualifications before they can post. 40th: on-the-job training of production personnel: (I) post production staff should regularly carry out targeted of technical questions and answers, an accident expected on site7、 training and anti-accident; (B) from running post 1 month and above the main post on duty or leave transportation . Drive system and security studies, arranged by upper management or organization of the examination. The 42nd article: June of every year once regulatory and safety procedures of the c8、ompany system of examinations, examination the failed again, still not eligible waiting list study. Article 43rd: every year in June the work ticket issuer, assignee, licensee of work training, after passing the examination, as a formal announcement are eligible to work as ticket issuer, head of ins9、pection, work permits and the right to a separate high-pressure equipment list, and reported to the Management Department. Failing the exam may not serve as a two person, stop classes, examinations before they can post. 44th: for breach of discipline system caused the accident, a kind of disorder an10、d attempted serious responsibility for the accident, in addition to the relevant provisions dealing with should also be tasked to learn about a point system, and after passing the exam, before they can post. Article 45th: units of the company using the security video, slide projector, television, co11、mputer, multimedia, radio, Billboard, artifacts, photo exhibitions, as well as security knowledge exam, lectures, contests, and other forms of advocacy, popularize the knowledge of security technology, targeted, Visual training, enhancing workers safety awareness and self-protection ability. Article12、 46th长丰园二区3#、4#、5#楼冬期施工方案编制：审核：编制日期：2007年11月10日中国陕西国际经济技术合作公司建设分公司第五项目部一、冬期施工的起止时间根据建筑工程冬期施工规程的规定，当室外日平均气温连续五天稳定低于5 C，即进入冬期施工，则此五天的第一天为进入冬期施工的初日，当气温转暧时，最后一个五天的日平均气温高于5 C，则此五天的最后一天为冬期施工的终日。根据西安地区气温变化情况，冬期生产施工定为当年11月20日至来年3月10日左右。二、进入冬期施工的子分部或分项工程的确定根据西三爻村长丰园二区3#、4#、5#楼施工组织设计，施工进度计划的安排及现场实际情况，进入冬期施工的主13、要子分部或分项工程为：土方回填工程，钢筋工程，混凝土工程，填充墙砖砌筑工程。三、主要分项工程施工方法及要点1、土方回填工程冬期土方回填时，每层铺土厚度应比在常温施工时减少20-25%，不论是否室内房心回填或室外基坑回填，均采用人工铺设，蛙式和立式打夯机进行夯实，其施工要点如下：1）室内房心回填及地下室外侧回填，素土或2：8灰土回填，所用的土料，不得含有冻土块，必要时掺加白灰、砂以改变土质增大干密度。2）回填前，先将基底的冻雪打扫干净，方可进行回填。3）对于蛙式打夯机不能到达的地方，采用人工夯实或立夯进行夯实，采用人力夯实时，每层铺土厚度不能超过20cm，夯实后厚度为10-15 cm。4）下班应14、对回填夯实的土及灰土面进行覆盖，防止土层受冻，影响回填土质量。2、钢筋工程进入冬期施工后，在负温条件下焊接钢筋，应在钢筋棚内进行，焊接后未冷却的钢筋接头严禁碰到冰雪，其操作方法和要求如下：1）负温闪光对焊，宜采用预热闪光对焊或闪光预热闪光焊工艺。钢筋端面平整时宜采用预热闪光焊，当钢筋端面不平整，采用闪光预热闪光焊。2）负温闪光对焊与常温焊接相比，应采用以下措施：A、调伸长度增10-20%，经利于增大加热范围。B、增加热储备量，降低冷却速度，改善接头性能。C、变压器级数应降低1-2级以能保证闪光顺利进行为准。D、在闪光过程开始之前可将钢筋接触几次，使钢筋温度上升，烧化过程中期速度适当减慢，预热时15、的接触压力适当提高，预热间歇时间适当增长。3）钢筋负温闪光对焊焊接参数，在施焊时应根据钢筋的规格、直径、施工的温度及施焊人员的技术水平进行调整。4）负温电渣压力焊的焊接步骤与常温相同，但焊接参数需做适当的调整，其中焊接电流的大小，应根据钢筋直径和焊接时的环境温度而定，它将影响渣池，电渣过程的稳定性和钢筋的熔化速度，当焊接电流过小时，常发生断弧，便焊接接头不能熔合。因此应适当增加焊接电流，焊接通电时间也应根据钢筋直径和环境温度调整，焊接通电时间过短，钢筋端面熔化不均匀，不能紧密接触，不能保证接头的熔化，故应延长通电时间。5）在负温条件下进行电渣压力焊接时，接头药盒拆除的时间宜延长2分钟左右，接头16、的渣壳宜延长5分钟，方可打渣。3、混凝土工程：由于本工程所用混凝土均采用现场搅拌，泵管输送，进入冬期施工后，其要求如下：1）原材料A、冬期施工的混凝土，一般应选用硅酸盐水泥或普通硅酸盐水泥，水泥强度等级不应低于32.5R，每立方米混凝土水泥用量不少于300Kg，水灰比不应大于0.60，并加入早强剂。B、拌制混凝土所采用的粗细骨料应清洁，不得含有冰、雪、冰块及其它宜冻裂物质，石子含泥量应小于或等于1%，在掺有钾、钠离的防冻剂混凝土中，不得采用活性骨料或在骨料中混有这类物质的材料。C、混凝土中掺入适量的外加剂，冬期施工选用的外加剂要认真检查外加剂质量，应严格按照有关标准认可，对各项技术指标、性能进17、行复试，经过权威机构的检测认可，各项指标符合国家标准要求，对失效或不合格的外加剂不得使用，对新补进的外加剂，必须经过试验合格后，方能使用于工程。2）混凝土的拌制运输与泵送A、搅拌混凝土前用热水冲洗预热搅拌机，同时搅拌时间应取常温搅拌时间的1.5倍。B、进入冬期施工优先采用加热水的方法，加热温度应根据实际测量出混凝土出机温度确定，要保证混凝土的出机温度不低于10聂氏度，入模温度不低于5聂氏度，对热水温度要求为，当普通硅酸盐水泥强度等级小于42.5R时，不宜高于80聂氏度，当水泥强度等级大于或等于42.5R时，水温不宜高于60聂氏度。如果将水加热到最高温度，还不能满足混凝土温度要求，再考虑加热骨料18、等方法。C、采用热水搅拌时，水泥不得与热水直接接触，投料时应先投入骨料和热水，然后再投入水泥。若采用加热骨料的方法，一般情况 下当采用42.5R水泥时，骨料加热温度不得超过40聂氏度，当采用32.5R时，骨料加热温度不得超过60聂氏度。D、混凝土搅拌前应进行运行前计量校验，确保各种材料的计量误差符合规范规定要求。对搅拌好的混凝土应经常检查其出机温度扩和易性，若有较大差异时，应检查原材料的质量及加热水的温度，投料顺序及粗细骨料的含水率，经便及时调整。E、应尽量缩短运输距，加快混凝土的入模时间，保证混凝土在最短的时间内完成浇筑密实，并保证混凝土泵送的连续性。现场严禁对混凝土时行二次搅拌，严禁随意向19、混凝土中加水，实验室加强监督，严格控制现场混凝土的入模温度。F、冬期施工混凝土泵送管，在可能时应采取保温措施。3）混凝土的浇灌及养护A、混凝土在浇筑前应清除模板和钢筋上的冰、雪和污垢，剪力墙的混凝土应分层浇筑，已浇筑层的混凝土温度，在上一层混凝土未覆盖前不得低于2聂氏度。B、冬期施工的混凝土浇灌应尽量选择在白天施工，当遇有寒流时板混凝土浇筑应暂停施工。C、冬期施工的混凝土主要采用综合蓄热法进行养护，综合蓄热法，即在蓄热工艺的基础上，在混凝土中掺入防冻剂，以延长混凝土硬化时间和提高抗冻害能力。蓄热法的工艺特点为：将混凝土的组成材料进行加热后搅拌，在经过运输振捣后仍具有一定的温度，浇筑后的混凝土周20、围用保温材料进行覆盖，利用这种预加的热量和水泥的水化热量，便混凝土缓慢冷却，并在冷却过程中混凝土逐渐硬化，当混凝土温度降至0聂氏度时，可达到抗冻临界强度或预期的强度要求。D、混凝土浇筑后，在裸露的混凝土表面应用塑料薄膜或棉毡等保温材料进行覆盖，不应采用潮湿状态材料，也不应将保温材料直接铺盖在潮湿的混凝土表面。E、在冬期施工中，对混凝土的养护要适当延长，并且严格控制升、降温速度， 要加强混凝土保温、测温，养护工作，应密切注意天气预报，施工现场应有预防寒流的措施和物质准备，并逐日做好气象记录。4）混凝土的质量检查，混凝土工程的冬期施工，除按常温施工的要求进行质量检查外，尚应检查以下项目：A、外加剂21、的质量和掺量。B、水和骨料的加热温度。C、测量混凝土在出机、入模和硬化过程中的温度。D、设专人负责测温孔的留设，浇筑后的温度测量，并及时做好测温记录。E、在混凝土施工过程中，要在浇筑地点随机取样制作试块，试块的留置及养护应按混凝土结构工程规程的有关要求。F、做好冬期施工技术、质量、安全交底，并认真落实冬期施工人员的岗位责任，消除质量、安全隐患，确保正常生产。 4）砖砌体工程根据各单位工程的建筑特点和成本综合分折，砌体工程进入冬期施工后，采用外加剂法进行施工。（1）外加剂法的基本原理A、工艺特点：将砂浆的拌合水预先加热，砂或石灰膏在搅拌前也应保持正温，使砂浆经过搅拌、运输，在砌筑时具有5 C 以22、上的正温，在拌合水中掺入外加剂，使砂浆在砌筑后可以在负温条件下硬化。B、作用机理：纯水当冷却至0 C 时开始结冰，从开始结冰到全部冻结，温度一致保持不变，如在水中溶入了不挥发物质成为溶液后，其冻结过程则与纯水完全不同。以浓度为5%的食盐溶液为例，当溶液当溶液下降到-3 C 时，开始有冰出，此时的温度称为该浓度液的冰点，当温度继续下降时，结冰逐渐增加，由于冰的析出，液态水中的食盐浓度也相应增加，冰点则随着下降。若温度继续下降达到某一点时，食盐与冰同时全部析出，此时的温度称为食盐的最低共溶点（-21 C），因此当砂浆的拌合水溶有盐类时，只要温度不低于盐溶液的最低共溶点，在砂浆中就会有液态水存在，可23、以与水泥进行水化反应，液态水含量的多少，与盐类的掺量、环境、温度有关，因此砂浆中的掺盐量及其适应温度应事先通过试验确定。（2）施工方法及要点、普通砖及非承重空心砖在砌筑前，应清除表面污物、冰雪，遭水浸后冻结砖不得使用。、拌制砂浆所用的水泥应优先采用硅酸盐或普通硅酸盐水泥，冬期施工不得使用无水泥砂浆。、石灰膏或电石膏等宜保温防冻，如遭冻结应经融溶后方可使用。、要认真检查外加剂的质量，严格按照有关标准，对各项技术指标时行复试，凡失效和不合格的外加剂不得使用。、砂浆搅拌时，加热水的温度不宜超过80 C，当水温超过时应将水、砂先进行搅拌，再加水泥，以防水泥出现假凝现象。、搅拌砂浆所用的砂不得含有冻结块24、和冰块，砂浆的稠度应比常温下下施工时适当增加。搅拌砂浆的时间应适当延长，应比常温 增加0.5-1倍。、砂浆的搅拌应在采暖的房间或保暖棚内进行，环境温度不低于5 C，冬期施工砂浆应随拌随用，直接倾于运输车内。不可大量积存和二次倒运。、运输砂浆所用的灰浆车应及时清理，每日下班后用水冲洗干净，以免受冻。、严禁使用已遭冻结的砂浆，不准单以热水掺入冻结砂浆内重新搅拌使用，严禁使用过夜砂浆。、砖本水平及垂直灰缝宜控制在8-12mm，施工时要经常检查灰缝的厚度及均匀性。、每天砌筑收工后，应将垂直灰缝填满，墙面清扫干净，同时用毛毡等保温材料将砌体上表面加以覆盖。第二天上班时应将砌体上表面清扫干净，然后在继续砌25、筑。、在施工现场留置的砂浆试块，除按常温施工规定外，尚应增设不少于两组与砌体同条件养护试块，分别用于检验各龄期强度和转入常温28天的砂浆强度。、砌体所用的砖，在正温条件下砌筑时，砖应适当洒水湿润，可用喷壶随浇随砌，在负温度下砌筑的砖可不浇水，但砖表面的灰尘，冰雪必须清扫干净。、砌体工程冬期施工应严格按照砌体工程施工质量验收规范（GB50203-2002）第10.01-10.14条之规定执行。四、落实责任，减少冬期施工质量，安全事故发生。1、做好冬期施工技术、质量、安全交底，并认真落实施工人员的岗位责任，消除质量安全隐患，确保正常生产。2、密切注意天气预报，施工现场应有预防寒流的技术措施和物质准26、备，并逐日做好气象记录。3、冬期基坑、槽土方施工要制定切实可行的施工方案，要求做到监测、监护、支护措施落实责任到人，作业场所要配足消防器材和个人防用品，雨、雪、雾天气高处作业要做到防滑、防冻、防物击、防坠落措施到位，再行施工。4、加强冬期施工安全监督检查工作列为重中之重，抓紧抓好，并做好检查，消除隐患的记录，准备检查。5、工地和职工宿舍要求采取有效措施，防止火灾、防止煤气中毒，使用电热褥取暖要防止电气火灾的发生，对使用自制电热褥的要坚决取缔。6、加强“三宝”、“四口”的安全检查，施工通道、升降电梯及上料口应每班检查，专人清理，及时消除隐患，不留死角。 中陕国际第五项目部 2007年11月11日27、regular issuance system of internal and external accident cases, organizational learning, analysis and discussion on a regular basis, and educate the persons concerned in a timely manner. 47th article: strengthening the safety of staff, establishing the concept of legalization of production safety, 28、establish a people-oriented concept, three do no harm (dont hurt yourself, no harm to others, not to be hurt). 48th eighth day routine: pre-shift and post-shift monitor organizations, safety assist. Before class: succession (started), combined with shift operation and tasks for better risk analysis,29、 arranged security account considerations. After class: summarizing comment on duty and the security situation, praise good deeds criticism ignored safety, illegal operations and other adverse phenomena, and completes the record. 49th: safety day event organized by the monitor, safety help, workshop30、 leaders and checking activities. Classes (groups) or rotating a safety day event a week, activities to learn more about the superior file and the spirit of the meeting, informed of the accident, analysis of the company, workshop and fewer security incidents, as well as the typical illegal team, ana31、lysis of operation environment, there may be a risk factor for the main content. 50th: security analysis companies every quarter of a security analysis; shop at least once a month analysis, comprehensive analysis of production trends, sum up lessons learned from and the weakness in safety management32、, accident prevention measures in the study. Meeting was chaired by enterprise security responsibility, concerning the participation of Heads of Department, workshop. Formation meeting and made public. 51st: security check for carbon companys periodic and non-periodic safety checks should be carried33、 out. Periodic inspection includes fall and spring security checks, security checks should be combined with spring or autumn season characteristics and accident law . 52nd: security analysis companies should all be actively involved in the preparation of security advisories, bulletins, integrated se34、curity, analysis of accident law, drawing on lessons learned from. 53rd: the companys safety safety month activities each year according to the Governments requirements and deployment of the group, safety month activities focus on advocacy efforts to improve production safety and strengthen company-35、wide awareness of work safety, improve the safety awareness, improving the companys safety culture. 54th: units of the company in relation to the units actual, active use of risk analysis method, and is actively exploring new management tools for enterprises and job site safety analysis, identify we36、aknesses and potential accidents and take preventive measures in a timely manner. 55th: units of the company against the possibility of seriously affecting the safety of emergency contingency plans, and actively prepared for the critical work, ensure that the critical situation occurred after relief37、, rescue and recovery work in an orderly manner. 56th Nineth day construction project: company or project, the implementation of construction projects legal and construction team joint management of construction site safety of principle. Identified under the project bear this organizing, coordinating and oversight responsibilities;9