1、Waterford North Quays-Urban Design Framework Plan Waterford City CouncilAdopted by Waterford City Council 14th July,2008 Waterford North Quays-Urban Design Framework PlanContentsContents1 Introduction1.1 Background1.2 SEA Screening2 Planning Context2.1 National Plans and Strategy2.2 Regional Plannin2、g Guidlines2.3 Local Strategies and Plans3 Vision and Principles3.1 Vision3.2 Principles4 Strategy4.1 Heritage and character4.2 Land uses4.3 Urban and block structure4.4 Urban grain4.5 Urban space and landscape4.6 Movement and access4.7 Water and recreation5 Framework Plan5.1 Framework Plan5.2 Chara3、cter areas6 Guidelines6.1 General guidelines6.2 Projects7 Implementation7.1 Developing the vision7.2 Coordination and delivery7.3 Funding7.4 Next stepsAppendix 1:Urban Analysis1 Waterford North Quays-Urban Design Framework Plan1 IntroductionFig 1 Aerial photograph of Waterford City with plan area ou4、tlined in red1.1 BackgroundWaterford City Council decided to prepare an Urban Design Framework Plan for the North Quays area of the city.The Waterford City Draft Development Plan 2007-2013 states:“it is the policy of the Council that a master plan for the overall site be prepared so that a coordinat5、ed approach and key design principles,based on the previously adopted guidelines,will characterise the development.”The objectives of the Plan are to:Present,consider and agree a broad vision for the North Quays:Prepare basic development concepts for the North Quays:Bring together an integrated fram6、ework plan for the North Quays:Provide a set of key urban design guidelines for the plan:Set out measures for implementationThe Urban Design Framework Plan was prepared in consultation with the Council,a group of key stakeholders,and the publicThe design framework was prepared using the procedures s7、et out in Chapter II of Part II of the PLanning and Developement Act 2000(as amended),in relation to the making of Local Area Plans.The Design Framework was made by Waterford City Council on 14th July,2008.The design framework is consistent with Waterford City Deverlopement Plan which came into oper8、ation on July 8th 2007.1.2 SEA ScreeningThe project was screened in accordance with the Planning&Developement(Strategic Environmental Assessment)regulations 2004.Following consultation with the environmental authorities it was concluded that a formal Strategic Environmental Assessment was not requir9、ed.2 Waterford North Quays-Urban Design Framework Plan2 Planning ContextThe North Quays represent a major opportunity for the city and the region.The outstanding potential of the area has been identified in a number of previous plans,guidelines,a significant vision statement and a design competition10、.2.1 National Plans and StrategyWaterford was designated as a Gateway centre in the National Spatial Strategy 2002(NSS).Gateways should drive the development of their wider regions,including surrounding towns,villages and rural areas to achieve sustainable and more balanced regional development acro11、ss the country.If balanced regional development is to work,the spatial structure“must be supported by policies aimed at enhancing the attractiveness of areas for people”.The NSS mentions as an example“opportunities for consolidating Waterford City around the River Suir”,with particular emphasis on t12、he potential for developing the North Quays.The National Development Plan 2007-2013(NDP)focusses investment according to the NSS.The National Development Plan identifies the“Renewal and development of the North Quays”,along with infrastructure and transport improvements as one of the key investment 13、priorities for Waterford.The promotion of regional development will be National Spatial Strategy-South East Regionsupplemented,inter alia,through the establishment of a Gateway Innovation Fund(GIF).For the initial period of 2008 to 2010,300 million will be provided for local economic infrastructure 14、or local capital programmes.The GIF is an incentive to stimulate and reward joined-up strategies and action at Gateway level by helping to fund targeted strategic projects that can trigger the accelerated development of the Gateways and their wider regions.2.2 Regional Planning GuidelinesThe South-E15、ast Regional Authority adopted Regional Planning Guidelines in 2004.The guidelines state that it is important to emphasise development and regeneration of urban areas where infrastructure is already in place.When expanding urban areas it will be critical to promote mixed-use and high-density develop16、ment that is well designed.The guidelines mention the development of the North Quays as an exciting opportunity to enhance the attractiveness of areas for people and business.Nine enabling investment priorities have been identified in the implementation section of the guidelines.One such priority is17、:“Significant expansion of the commercial,cultural and civic centre of Waterford City through investment in,and support for,the redevelopment of the North Quays.”2.3 Local Strategies and PlansThe Waterford Planning Land Use and Transportation Strategy(PLUTS)was published by Waterford City Council in18、 2004 to provide a vision and strategy for the development of Waterford City and Environs to 2020.The Strategy states that a key development challenge for Waterford and its Environs is to fully harness its riverfront potential as a central focus for the development of a new Irish urban experience.Th19、is will involve addressing the current spatial development imbalance and bringing the northern banks of the Suir fully within the economic and social ambit of an expanded Waterford City,which will be the economic driver for the Region.PLUTS strategy for spatial development-Balanced CityThe principal20、 features include:More balanced growth between north and south sides of the River Suir:A new City Centre bridge for pedestrians and cyclists linking the redeveloped North Quays with the existing City Centre:Provision of a rail passenger platform on the North Quays as part of a new public transport i21、nterchange:Development of a high-quality bus-based public transport system in the City:Completion of the N25 Waterford Bypass and the Outer Ring RoadThe development of the North Quays as a northward extension of the existing City Centre has been highlighted as one of the key components of the spatia22、l strategy for Waterford.This landmark redevelopment site“will form a new,modern,mixed-use district with a major emphasis upon retail and office based employment in order to reduce growth at peripheral locations in the City”.Other significant uses will include high quality urban dwellings,a civic bu23、ilding and a marine terminal capable of accommodating ocean-going cruise liners in the heart of the urban area.As part of the redevelopment of the North Quays,the Strategy recommends that parking provision will be made in line with current parking standards contained within the Development Plan.3 Wa24、terford North Quays-Urban Design Framework Plan2 Planning ContextZoning of Waterford City Draft Development Plan and Kilkenny County Development PlanLegend Kilkenny County Development PlanLegend Waterford City Draft Development PlanThe Waterford City Draft Development Plan 2007-2013 sets out policie25、s and objectives for the social,economic,cultural and environmental development of the city.It incorporates the principal components of the Planning Land Use and Transportation Strategy(PLUTS).In the draft Development Plan,the North Quays area is zoned as“Mixed use opportunity sites”,and is describe26、d as follows:“The term mixed use is used to describe development that includes an appropriate mix of different facilities.These might include shops,bars,restaurants,cafes,residential units,hotels,cinemas,leisure facilities as well as offices and certain types of low impact industrial or enterprise a27、ctivities.Mixed use development can help create vitality and diversity,reduce the need to travel and can be more sustainable than development consisting of a single use.Mixed use development,especially when residential use is included,can produce a general feeling of safety.The key to reducing anti-28、social behaviour is to achieve greater pedestrian activity,especially by increasing the use of areas in the evening and by avoiding the creation of dead street frontages.The characteristics of modern industry and commerce are continuously evolving and many employment uses are increasingly compatible29、 with residential environments.There are opportunities for many types of business operations to be carried out in tandem with residential use.”The draft Development Plan designates eight such Mixed Use Opportunity sites,two of which(Ard R and the North Quays),are within the study area.The developmen30、t of these sites shall be based on an overall design framework for each site and shall contain an appropriate mix of compatible and complementary uses.The developments shall be subject to the policies and objectives set out elsewhere in this development plan,including the Retail Strategy.The Retail 31、Strategy defines certain streets in the city centre as core shopping areas and promotes the protection of the retail function of these areas.Furthermore it identifies function and locations of district centres,neighbourhood centres,corner shops and retail warehousing.As required under Section 95 of 32、the Planning and Development Act,2000,the Housing Strategy sets the objective that 20%of the land zoned in the plan for residential use,or for a mixture of residential and other uses shall be reserved for the provision of social housing and/or affordable housing.The development plan does not prescri33、be residential density standards.Rather the appropriate residential density in any particular location will be determined by reference to certain qualitative and quantitative criteria having regard to the Guidelines for Planning Authorities on Residential Density.The plan also sets out consideration34、s relating to building lines and proposals for high buildings and it sets out parking standards.Since the adoption of the Waterford City Development Plan,the following new development guidelines have issued from the DOEHLG ie.,Sustainable Urban Housing:Design Standards for New Apartments(2007),Best 35、Practice Guidelines-Delivering Homes Sustaining Communities(2007)and a revision of the current Residential Density Guidelines Draft Sustainable Residential Development in Urban Areas(Feb 2008)which are accompanied by an Urban Design Manual A Best Practice Guide.In October 1998,the Architectural Serv36、ice of the Office of 4 Waterford North Quays-Urban Design Framework Plan2 Planning ContextPublic Works(OPW)prepared a Development Vision for the North Quays.It outlined of the following objectives:To integrate the framework plan into its immediate context:To achieve a coherent image for the North Qu37、ays:To ensure the economic and social survival of the North Quays development as an area-based centre:To promote mutual interdependence between activities on both sides of the river:To create a pedestrian walk,linking a series of open spaces through the site:To establish nodal projects at intervals 38、along the quays:To maintain the existing scales of the North Quays and surrounding landscape:To promote a mix of uses on the siteIn summary,the vision for the development proposed the following elements:commuter ferry,spine road,pedestrian walk,hotel and marina,venue building,mixed use development,c39、ruise liner docking station and public spaces.In 2002,the OPW organised an International Architectural and Urban Design Competition for the North Quay sites.The winning entry proposed buildings oriented perpendicular to the riverfront,in parallel lines.The proposed buildings were variable in height 40、with smaller buildings facing the riverfront and taller buildings to the rear.The proposal included a public square located strategically where the river bends,to expose long distance views.The jury considered that the entries had a number of shortcomings:The scale of development proposed did not re41、flect the scale of existing buildings on the opposite bank of the river:The entrance to the city through the train station was not adequately considered:Access along the river was not provided for and the curve of the river was not respected:Lack of consideration of views to and from the south side 42、of the river:Lack of regard to the impact on the land and housing to the north of the siteProject 2014 is a vision statement that sets out how some 2.4bn will be invested in Waterford during the next seven years to improve the quality of life enjoyed in the city.Project 2014 envisages the disused qu43、ays and man-made wharves on the north-side of the River Suir being transformed,with a master plan to guide a series of mixed-use developments and greater integration of the north and south quays by way of an iconic new pedestrian bridge.It is anticipated further consolidation of the northern environ44、s of the city within the administrative area of Kilkenny County Council will be guided by a Local Area Plan.Cover of Waterford North Quays-A Development VisionInternational Architectural and Urban Design Competition-WinnerLogo of Project 20145 Waterford North Quays-Urban Design Framework Plan3 Visio45、n and Principles3.1 VisionThe vision for the area is to create a sustainable,modern,and innovative new city centre quarter acting as a gateway yo the city with the opportunity to connect the city centre and Ferrybank,where a rich quality of life and unique sense of place can be experienced by reside46、nts,workers and visitors alike.3.2 Principles:To create a strong and complementary extension of the city centre:To provide a rich and diverse mix of uses with no single dominant function,where a balance of living,working,retail and recreation can be achieved:To create a distinctive quarter of real c47、haracter and sense of place:To provide an adaptable and coherent urban form and structure:To strengthen the character and identity of Ferrybank and to improve its connectivity to North Quays and city centre:To foster attachment to place through quality and richness of experience:To create a framewor48、k of public and civic spaces of character and visual quality:To create a waterfront that is a focus for complementary land and water-based activities and recreation:To provide for sustainable patterns of movement and access with priority for pedestrians,cyclists and public transport:To minimise the 49、environmental footprint of the North QuaysRich and diverse mix of usesReal character and sense of placeConnectivitySustainable pattern of movementPublic and civic spaces of visual qualityWater-based activities and recreationQuality and richness of experience6 Waterford North Quays-Urban Design Frame50、work Plan4 Strategy4.1 Heritage and characterThe heritage and character of the area is multi-facetted and comprises a range of elements.These include historical development and cultural aspects,the existing streets and patterns of development,buildings,topography and landscape setting that present a51、 legacy for the city.Some of these aspects are positive and will play a vital role in shaping the new place,whereas others are of less value and can(and should)give way to a new era.Some essential heritage and character aspects considered worthy of conservation include:The essential topography of th52、e area:rocky outcrops and steep slopes and ridgelines:The existing landscape:trees,fields:Individual buildings and their setting:Sion Hill,Abbey Church and graveyard:The fine grain of buildings and focus of the community at Ferrybank:Remnant dockland structures:cranes,mooring rings and crane tracks:53、significant vistasFig 2 Significant Vistas4.2 Land usesA range of complimentary land uses will be considered.In general active ground floor uses will be preferred,with a mix of residential and commercial uses overhead.In certain areas live-work and ground floor employment uses may be appropriate.The54、 plan also acknowledges the potential of the area to accommodate a major destination building of cultural significance.The area will also need to provide necessary social and community facilities and both passive and active recreational uses.It is a particular objective of the plan to promote a vibr55、ant mix of uses throughout the area and to avoid single use blocks or areas.4.2.1 HousingThe plan will promote a mix of housing typologies and sizes to encourage as broad as practicable social diversity.Most blocks should incorporate a proportion of residential use as indicated in the Guidelines.All56、 new developments will be required to comply with Part V of the Planning and Development Act in relation to provision of social and affordable housing.It is expected that all social and affordable housing will be provided for and distributed throughout the plan area.4.2.2 EmploymentLocal employment 57、uses provide the basis for healthy and sustainable communities.The development of the North Quays will provide for significant local employment opportunities,initially in construction activities,but more importantly in local services,retail and office-based and a range of local businesses.Significan58、t office-based 7 Waterford North Quays-Urban Design Framework Plan4 Strategyemployment is provided for within the robust use mix of the area.The central location and access to public transport and city centre services and attractions provides a strong incentive for these types of uses.4.2.3 Communit59、y supportCommunity facilities will be provided as planning gain and through development contribution schemes.Core elements of the framework strategy for community support will be the provision of child-care facilities in accordance with the requirements of the Childcare Facilities Guidelines for Pla60、nning Authorities and the provision of a major cultural venue.It is envisaged that one significant childcare facility will be provided at Ard R,Ferrybank and East End in support of the residential development there.The location and detail of these facilities will be agreed with the planning authorit61、y when preparing development proposals.4.2.4 AmenityThe area is at present largely closed to the public so that enjoyment of the natural amenity provided by the river and the waterfront is restricted.Further,access through the area is not pedestrian friendly due to the car dominated and heavily traf62、ficed nature of existing routes and crossings and severance by heavy rail freight movements.The main contribution of the plan in this regard will be to open up the area for enjoyment by residents and visitors.This will involve the following key interventions:Public access to the Ard R site:Improved 63、access into and through the area for pedestrians and cyclists:Introduction of signalled junctions at key intersections:Upgrading of Dock Road to a pedestrian friendly tree lined avenue with traffic calming,widened footpaths and cycleways:Public access to the waterfront:A network of new urban spaces 64、including a necklace of focal promontory spaces overlooking the riverThe provision of a major destination venue of cultural significance will provide an additional amenity of local and regional importance for Waterford as a whole.4.2.5 RecreationLinked to the amenity provisions will be the extension65、 of berthing facilities for recreational craft and the encouragement of static vessels.Activity will be reinforced by new small unit retail,cafes,restaurants and related leisure uses focussed on the south-facing waterfront.The treatment of the waterfront space will require a consistent design approa66、ch and coordination of street furniture,such as lighting railings,planting and benches.Public art on the waterfront will be required as part of significant development proposals.It is envisaged that the promontory features breaking the line of the waterfront will take the form of lightweight piled o67、r cantilevered structures allowing the passage of water underneath.The new quays will also facilitate the berthing of larger vessels to allow regattas,visiting liners and events such as the“Tall Ships”to be hosted utilising both sides of the river.4.2.6 Energy and infrastructureIn broad terms enviro68、nmental sustainability will be achieved through the provision of a compact,robust and adaptable urban form,a mix of uses and promotion of environmentally friendly modes of movement.Other measures will play a vital role in underpinning this framework as a potential model for sustainable development i69、ncluding:Combined Heat and Power(CHP):Passive solar design techniques:Sustainable building technologiesAll essential building services and utilities should be underground,preferably located under footpaths where possible for ease of access and maintenance.4.2.7 ParkingThe application of parking stan70、dards for the area must have regard to its intended function as a pedestrian priority extension to the City Centre.Access to the North Quays Area south of Dock Road is constrained by the railway line and associated level differences,and this will affect potential for off street parking.Consequently,71、and to achieve new building frontages on narrow sites between Dock Road and the railway line,a relaxation of parking standards and provision of on-street spaces as part of the design of the new urban avenue may be appropriate.Generally car parking shall be accommodated at ground and above ground lev72、el.Formal arrangement with Iarnrd ireann for the use of its parking facilities in the re-developed train station development to serve special events and occasions will be investigated.8 Waterford North Quays-Urban Design Framework Plan4 Strategy4.3 Urban structureThe urban structure for the North Qu73、ays is informed by the local topography,landscape and the water-body.The principal aspects of the urban structure are the connections to surrounding areas,such as the waterfront and streets connecting to Dock Road and beyond,and high levels of permeability within the area.The Dock Road provides an o74、pportunity for a new urban avenue and an important artery for the city.The North Quays will need to relate to this artery in terms of access,activities and urban form.The main access points from the Dock Road to the area will provide a high degree of physical and visual accessibility for residents,w75、orkers and visitors.The connections between Ferrybank and the new waterfront will be prioritised.The waterfront will be a major route providing access to the quayside and the water and connecting with future strategic and amenity walks following the course of the river.The expansion of the city cent76、re to the north quays will be achieved through the construction of the new cycle and pedestrian only bridge spanning the river.This bridge will enable the expansion of the main street and space structure of the city centre by providing new connections to the north quays,Ferrybank and the larger envi77、rons.The potential for the bridge to facilitate a light city centre public transport loop will be investigated.The structure will provide for new linkages to public transport.The railway station will be incorporated into the urban structure,significantly improving local access and larger accessibili78、ty.Where feasible and subject to agreement of CIE development proposals may provide for the development of air space over the railway linesThe final assembly of buildings making up the North Quays should read as a lively and ultimately coherent composition containing repetition as well as a variety 79、of block sizes and creative forms,a vertical and horizontal interplay,and a relative simplicity of materials.Significant identified vistas across the site shall be maintained and enhanced by an appropriate building form.Building and public realm design shall provide innovative and rigorous design so80、lutions giving creative,artistic and technological expression that make a clear reference to the unique riverside context.To this each proposal shall be accompanied by a coherent design brief.4.4 Urban GrainThe longer-term success of the area will be dependent on achieving a high degree of physical 81、adaptability and diversity of use.An important measure of adaptability is urban grain.A fine grain of development is recognised as a key component in existing,successful areas,and is considered necessary to support a diversity of uses and physical typologies at different scales.The plan provides for82、 a permeable and connected network of streets and spaces that gives rise to a range of block sizes and types.In restricted areas such as at Ard R,the steeply sloping topography will have a particular influence on both the urban structure and the design and layout of constituent blocks.Development of83、 this site will need to be carefully considered to avoid ambiguity between the fronts and backs of buildings and access constraints while acknowledging the potential for views and sun aspect afforded by stepping down the site.To provide for a fine grain of development in key areas,the plan requires 84、the subdivision of certain blocks into smaller parcels comprising different buildings of broad typology with different design approaches.This grain will provide continuity of the syntax of the city centre and provide for diversity of use,vitality and appearance.A significant proportion of each devel85、opement area shall be developed in a fine and medium urban grain structure.Providing a fine grain in the urban structure provides challenges in terms of current development models.However,this must be balanced with the importance of providing for the longer-term viability of the area,elsewhere.9 Wat86、erford North Quays-Urban Design Framework Plan4 Strategy4.5 Urban space and landscapeThe plan provides for the linking of the existing civic spaces of the city and a new sequence and variety of spaces.The new spaces are in essence a necklace of spaces and promontories connected by the waterfront,Fer87、rybank and surrounding areas.The significant urban spaces are:The train station forecourt and promontory:The ramped access from Dock Road:The bridge landing and promontory:The main civic space and promontory connecting Ferrybank and the waterfront:A riverfront space at Frank Cassin WharfThe plan env88、isages the development of the urban village at Ferrybank and this will require a careful consideration of its public domain and urban space.There is an opportunity to provide a vantage point or promontory park overlooking the city from the landscaped ridge at and above the Ard R site.Connections to 89、the wider landscape structure,in particular Ferrybank and the backdrop of ridges and the riverfront landscape,is an important feature of the plan.The new landscape structure acknowledges the potential and importance of the landscape outside the plan area in visual and amenity terms.The relationship 90、and interface between the frontage and ground floor uses,the waterfront and water-based activities will be crucial to the function and success of these spaces.Fig 3 Public open space10 Waterford North Quays-Urban Design Framework Plan4 Strategy4.6 Movement and accessThe movement framework provides f91、or a balance in the available and potential modes of transport.At the strategic level,the plan takes advantage of existing and planned public transport and road and street infrastructure.Direct connections to the train station will be provided.The street structure will allow direct access to planned92、 quality bus services on Dock Road.The new bridge will provide easy access to the existing bus station.The framework prioritises pedestrian movement and access and integrates local and strategic cycle routes.The waterfront will be pedestrian priority or pedestrian only in nature.The bridge will prov93、ide a vital link between the pedestrian and cycle networks of the north and south sides of the river.Additional pedestrian bridges from Dock Road to the North Quays over the railway line will be provided where feasible.Options for general vehicular access to the north quays are limited.Limited road 94、bridge access is currently available from Dock Road which can service the early phases of the developement.This will need to be improved and upgraded to serve future development.The sub-standard level crossing at Ferrybank will not be adequate to serve development and a new road bridge will be requi95、red at or near this location.Given level and road gradient issues,access will need to be provided from Dock Road at a suitable location between the junction with Rockshire Terrace and Abbey Road.Access will be required from Abbey Road.New access arrangements will require the cooperation of different96、 landowners.The City Council will facilitate or lead this process through informal or statutory processes,as appropriate.All bridge proposals and designs will need to be considered in conjunction with Iarnrd ireann,and all points of access over the railway line are contingent on achieving sufficient97、 levels to ramp and cross the line with sufficient clearances and to provide equal access for all.Fig 4 Movement and Access11 Waterford North Quays-Urban Design Framework Plan4 Strategy4.7 Water and recreationThe waterfront and the activities on the waterfront and the water will provide a new amenit98、y and forms for the city.Recreation and water-based activity will depend on comfortable access to the area and the waterfront,new facilities for water-based activities,and the relationship with frontage uses.The principal element will be provision of a comfortable public waterfront of the highest qu99、ality with the addition of significant new promontories.Additional facilities such as moorings and static vessels will also be required.The plan outlines a recreation strategy.All relevant developement proposals shall incorporate proposals for berthing vessels.12 Waterford North Quays-Urban Design F100、ramework Plan5 Framework Plan5.1 Framework PlanThe Framework Plan brings together the different aspects of Strategy.It illustrates in diagrammatic form the key developement areas,access and circulation and new spaces.Fig 5 Indicative framework plan13 Waterford North Quays-Urban Design Framework Plan101、5 Framework Plan5.2 Character areasIt is recognised that certain sub-areas within the overall framework have a particular character that derives from their location,heritage and character elements.It is intended that the future development of these areas will build on and respect their positive char102、acter aspects.These character areas are described below.5.2.1 Ard R/Sion Hill HouseThis sub-area is defined by its topography and landscape features.The sloping site divides naturally into lower,middle and upper portions.It is envisaged the lower portion fronting Dock Road will lend itself to mixed 103、use and commercial development.Sion Hill House is a protected structure within a mature landscaped setting and attendant grounds.Any application for development of this site must be considered having regard to the provisions of the City Development Plan and the Architectural Heritage Protection Guid104、elines for Planning Authorities.Views to Sion Hill from the Clock Tower shall be maintained.The Ard R hotel site is presently dominated by the former hotel building,which is now vacant.The lower portion of this site fronting Dock Road is suited to general mixed retail,residential and commercial uses105、.The middle portion is suited to residential and small unit retail/services.The upper portion of the site sits partly in the City administrative area and partly in the Kilkenny County Council administrative area.This may form a part of a potential amenity or attraction,such as a public promontory,pa106、rk or vantage point.Development of the upper portion will have to respect the existing ridge-line and landscape features of the site.5.2.2 Dock RoadArd R and Ferrybank are linked by Dock Road.This will be re-modelled as an urban avenue with mainly mixed used commercial uses fronting the new avenue.T107、he impact of traffic will be reduced by providing for greater priority for pedestrians,cyclists and public transport.The avenue should be returned to a single carriageway with dedicated bus and cycle ways.Generous footpaths should be provided either side for pedestrian and ground floor activities.Th108、e avenue should be further defined by structured tree planting.This along with appropriate,on-street car parking and build outs,should provide a more calmed route.Additional signalled junctions should be provided for the access to the North Quays,and this will reduce vehicular traffic speeds and imp109、act.Fig 6 Framework plan of Ard R and Sion Hill14 Waterford North Quays-Urban Design Framework Plan5 Framework Plan5.2.3 FerrybankFerrybank will be reinforced as an urban village.New focal space connecting with the waterfront will be provided and a mix of uses and neighbourhood services will be prov110、ided to augment the existing services.5.2.4 East EndRegeneration will extend southwards towards the eastern end of the North Quays.This area,already used for small-scale employment uses,has potential to consolidate this role through the introduction of mixed-use residential with live-work and new em111、ployment uses.5.2.5 WaterfrontThe waterfront will be the focus of public open space,of active and passive recreation,leisure,active ground floor uses,civic and cultural uses and access to the water.The relationship between the waterfront space,the river and river activities and the frontage developm112、ent is critical to the success of the place.15 Waterford North Quays-Urban Design Framework Plan6 Development Guidelines6.1 General guidelines6.1.1 DiversityWaterford South Quays present a fine grain of buildings with a great degree of architectural diversity.This is derived from incremental develop113、ment on narrow plots.The waterfront space and building line bring a strong overall coherence to the diversity of this frontage.This is an essential part of the expression of the citys character and the basic language of the waterfront.While the development of the North Quays is likely to be carried 114、out in a more comprehensive manner,it must not present single design solutions to all or significant parts of the frontage.The emphasis will not be on prescribing architectural style but on achieving architectural diversity.This will be done in two ways:Providing for a diversity of adaptable urban b115、locks.:Subdividing urban blocks into development plots.:Vertical subdivision of buildings:Provision of ground floor entrances6.1.2 Development AreasThe location of the development areas is based on the urban analysis,the need to maintain significant vistas,and the constraints in providing access to 116、the sites.Each large development area will be required to provide for a diversity of uses,active frontages and a range of building types.The onus is on the design team to convey quality in place making.Quality is not confined to building designs but also includes the spaces between buildings.Quality117、 place making is also dictated by urban grain and the careful selection of uses at street level.Each development proposal should be subject to a vibrancy audit of the development blocks.The requirement to deliver vibrancy will influence the urban grain make up of each development block.It is envisag118、ed that a significant proportion of each development block will consist of fine and medium grain.The subdivision of the blocks fronting the waterfront will be particularly important.6.1.3 Density and intensityIt is recognised that a balanced approach to density across the area is reasonable to facil119、itate the equitable spread of development amongst the various stakeholders.The plan favours an emphasis on intensity of development rather than on density per se.Development proposals will be assessed with reference to maximum plot ratios.The calculation of plot ratio divides the gross floor area of120、 buildings above ground by the site area.Plot ratio allows flexibility in the massing and distribution of floor space across the sites and the plan area.The maximum plot ratio will be 2.5:1.This will produce a density of development commensurate with dockland developments in other major cities.This 121、will be subject to meeting the appropriate access arrangements,appropriate scale and use relationships with existing adjoining and nearby development.Figures in excess of this,but not exceeding a plot ratio of 3.0:1,will be considered only in exceptional circumstances,where a clear and proportionate122、 betterment,such as a civic facility or other community,cultural or destination facility,is provided as part of a development,on a part of a site or elsewhere in the plan area are where a landmark building or significant use is proposed.This provision will require detailed consultation and considera123、tion by the City Council.The Council will require property and development evaluations in support of this increase in plot ratio.Permitted density of development at the Ard R site will be based primarily on design solutions based on the principles outlined for the site in Section 4 of this Plan.The 124、density of development will not in any event exceed the overall provision of 2.5:1.The proposals must respond to the significant site and development constraints presented by the ridge-line,landscape and topography.The gross site area for the purpose of plot ratio calculation should include reasonab125、ly developable land and should exclude land such as excessively sloping land and rockface.Close consultation with Kilkenny County Council will be required in the advancing of development proposals.6.1.4 Use mixIt is an objective of the plan to ensure an overall use mix across the area of 30%resident126、ial and 70%commercial/non-residential,based on land area.Active ground floors,especially along the waterfront and around the open spaces as well as on Dock Road are required.Higher floor heights will promote the use of the ground floor for commercial activities like restaurants,bars,services,shops e127、tc.6.1.5 Housing mix and standardsA range of residential unit sizes will be promoted to encourage a diversity of household sizes in the area.To achieve this a maximum of 15%one bedroom units will be permitted in any one scheme and a minimum of 15%three bedroom units must be provided.Reference is mad128、e to DoEHLG Guidelines for Planning Authorities“Sustainable Urban Housing:Design Standards for New Apartments”.Minimum apartment sizes will be as follows:One bedroom units 55 sq.m.gross floor areaTwo bedroom units a range from 80 to 90 sq.m.gross floor areaThree bedroom units100 sq.m.gross floor are129、aFour+bedroom units+10.5 sq.m.per additional bed spaceLarger unit sizes will be required in the case of duplex units to compensate for additional vertical circulation requirements.All residential units must be provided with dedicated storage space and private open space to be assessed on a merit bas130、is having regard to the detailed considerations set out in the Waterford City Development Plan and the abovementioned Guidelines.16 Waterford North Quays-Urban Design Framework Plan6 Development GuidelinesThe street will provide looped and bridge access into and through the area.The route will need 131、to accommodate significant level issues and will need to include ramps and altered ground floor levels in certain locations.A detailed study and proposal for the route will need to be carried out as a first phase element.The river streets will provide the perpendicular streets to the waterfront.Thes132、e streets reflect the existing city typologies and will provide intimate proportions and views to the water.The orientation of the streets will allow solar access for part of the day.Units on the river streets will need to provide a dual aspect to achieve good solar access to the interior of the blo133、ck.The river streets will allow for access to basement parking and a low level of service and loading access,for example to the waterfront.Access streets will provide for a low level of access,loading,services and emergency.The waterfront will be considered as having the same movement function.The w134、aterfront shall be capable of closure for public events.6.1.7 Streets and bridgesExisting and upgraded streets and avenuesTwo existing streets,Dock Road and Abbey Road will need to be upgraded to provide apppropriate function,access and scale for the North Quays.It is proposed that Dock Road will be135、 remodelled as an urban avenue.This will entail the reconfiguration of the carriageway,junctions and footpath.The new avenue will need to provide for active uses at ground floor level,comfortable footpaths,dedicated cycleways,bus lanes plus a two-way undivided carriageway for general traffic.Uses on136、 the avenue will be mixed and will support and reflect existing uses,for example at Ferrybank.The scale of development on both sides shall be sufficient to provide adequate continuity and enclosure.A maximum height to width ratio of approximately 1:1 would be appropriate.Abbey Road will function as 137、a smaller scale urban avenue with a lesser movement and access function.It will need to provide for comfortable footpaths,with cycle lanes and undivided carriageway.Again,the scale of development on both sides shall be adequate to provide appropriate continuity and enclosure.A maximum height to widt138、h ratio of approximately 1:1 would be appropriate.New streetsThe new streets in the developmment can be categorised as:The main spine/access street:River streets:Access streetsThe main spine/access street will provide the principal access points for the development of the area.It will also unlock ex139、isting land holdings.The street will provide a strong connecting element between different land parcels in the plan area.The development of the area will be predicated on achieving this route and it will be seen as a first phase element of the plan.The route will be provided as a joint proposal of t140、he appropriate landholders.Failing agreement or lack of progress in the provision of this route early in the first phase of the plan,the City Council will invoke its powers of acquisition.6.1.6 Building heightThe context height of the area is influenced by the following parameters:Achieving sustaina141、ble densities of development:Maintaining a human scale to streets,spaces and the waterfront:Providing appropriate levels,continuity and enclosure:Reflecting local constraints such as protected structures and existing development:Emphasising place and location:Emphasising significant use or function:142、Maintaining quality private and semi-private open spaces within the block:Microclimatic considerations The existing buildings on the site give an indication of the scale and height which the site is capable of accommodating.Buildings up to eight storeys will generally be permissible along the quay f143、ront.Any proposal for taller buildings must be justified in terms of architectural merit,form and function.Height variation will be encouraged through diversity of building usage and type within appropriate relationships.Corner buildings or corner elements of buildings should meet the maximum storey144、 height to provide definition for the blocks.The proper and coherent finishing of the top floor of buildings and their elevations will be preferred to set-back storeys.The roof space and roofscape should be carefully considered as finishing elements.17 Waterford North Quays-Urban Design Framework Pl145、an6 Development Guidelines64155PLANSECTION CC WATERFRONT EAST6.1.9 ParkingApplicants will be required to comply with the parking standards set out in the Waterford City Development Plan except where they can clearly demonstrate such compliance is unfeasible or unnecessary.All applications must compl146、y in full with the standards for cycle parking facilities set out in the Development Plan.It is expected that where possible basement parking will be provided.On-street parking will be limited in location and numbers and will be primarily for the use of residents and their visitors.On-street parking147、 management will be finalised on completion of development.Grouped resident parking,such as small multi-level parking areas,may be provided where opportunities existing to use differences in grade.All parking proposals must conform to the design criteria for parking set out in the Development Plan.6148、.1.8 Key spacesThe main urban spaces will form the visual and functional focal points for the area.It is important that these spaces are carefully shaped and designed to provide:Physical adaptability:High quality,durable and consistent approach to materials of construction and finish:Strong relation149、ships between the surrounding buildings,particularly ground floors and the use of the spaces:Continuous surfaces where possible by carefully grading and sloping to match building ground floors.Detailed design proposals will be required for the bridge landing space.This space will need to provide for150、 the bridge landing and connections from the space to Dock Road.The bridge may be elevated above the space to provide direct connections from the south quays to the Dock Road.In this case,the handling of access from the bridge to the space will be crucial.The space will need to prioritise the waterf151、ront connections.The ground floor of the space will need to be active.The new pedestrian civic space connecting Ferrybank and the waterfront(spanning the railway line)will provide a wide,spanning structure,which will be graded smoothly from Ferrybank over the railway line and down to the quays to pr152、ovide a comfortable and attractive space The design and detail of this structure will require detailed consideration.The relationship with frontage building will also require careful consideration as it is expected that some degree of active frontage will be provided.All public spaces and the waterf153、ront will be designed so as to be taken in charge by Waterfront City Council.These public realm spaces should be provided in association with development proposals,to an agreed overall design and specification using high quality materials,equivalent as a minimum to recent city centre schemes.18 Wate154、rford North Quays-Urban Design Framework Plan6 Development Guidelines6.1.10 Sustainable developmentSustainability criteria should be considered at macro and micro levels.Further,sustainable objectives should not only seek to satisfy environmental criteria but also ensure that social and economic obj155、ectives are achieved.At a macro level,proposed development should seek to:Utilise land efficiently through appropriate densities:Ensure an adequate mix of uses provided locally in order to reduce the need to travel,and:Maximise access to sustainable modes of transport including cycling and public tr156、ansport.By establishing the required critical mass,it is possible to support local services and amenities within walking distance of homes.At the site planning level,sustainable urban form should ensure that an appropriate microclimate is established between buildings.Equally,sustainable urban forms157、 should ensure that buildings receive adequate levels of light,ventilation and passive solar energy whilst minimising heat loss and exposure.At this scale,proposals should also investigate the feasibility of:Alternative energy sources:Sustainable urban drainage systems (SUDS),and:Waste recycling fac158、ilities:Water conservationAt a micro level building designs should seek to:Reduce energy demand including thermal energy for space and water heating and electrical energy for power and lighting:Maximise solar potential and aspect,and:Provide for building evolution through adaptable designIn order to159、 implement these objectives the Planning Authority will require all new residential developments within the north quays plan area to achieve a minimum Building Energy Rating(BER)of B2.This will be required to be demonstrated as a preliminary rating at planning application stage calculated in accorda160、nce with the approved Dwelling Energy Assessment Procedure(DEAP).6.1.11 FloodingThe final ground level of the North Quays shall be such as to provide appropriate protection from flooding.Developers must satisfy themselves that the final ground floor level of proposed development will satisfy this co161、nsideration.This shall be done in consultation with the City Council.Currently a new waterfront floor level of 3.5 metres above Ordnance Datum is required.Ground floor and basement levels and their design shall have regard to the emerging OPW Suir catchment flood risk assessment management(CFRAM)stu162、dy,due for completion in 2010.19 Waterford North Quays-Urban Design Framework Plan6 Development Guidelines6.2 ProjectsThe following key projects are identified as having the potential to provide the catalyst for development.It is an objective of the plan to actively promote the development of the pr163、ojects and/or to favourably consider to any development proposals that may secure their provision as planning gain,subject to the Planning Authority being satisfied that such proposals will be consistent with the proper planning and sustainable development of the North Quays in general and with the 164、relevant provisions of the plan in particular.6.2.1 BridgeThe proposed pedestrian bridge will be a key enabler of development,not only opening up the area for development and associated footfall,but potentially serving as an icon for the area and the city.The design of the bridge will be a crucial f165、actor in the success of the area and overcoming access constraints arising from level differences.There is an opportunity for the bridge to simultaneously connect the south quays with the north quays while also providing a link to Dock Road.This will provide some design challenges in terms of provid166、ing equal access from the bridge in a practical yet elegant engineering design solution.This,in turn,will require a detailed design brief to be prepared.6.2.2 Youth maritime resource centrePotential for a Youth maritime resource centre has been identified.This would serve to consolidate Waterfords m167、aritime traditions and provide an educational resource for local groups such as sea scouts,sailing and boating clubs and local schools.A potential site for the centre is identified in the Framework Plan at the eastern end of the site.6.2.4 Crane towerThe crane tower is a unique remnant of the areas 168、dockland heritage,and one of few such surviving features.It is an objective of the plan that the crane structure and associated tracks be conserved as a reminder of this heritage,and,if feasible,rehabilitated to accommodate a new waterfront related activity.This will require a feasibility study to b169、e undertaken having regard to the physical integrity of the structure,industrial conservation issues,access,health and safety and possible uses.Alternatively,and in the interim period,the structure should be made safe and preserved in situ.Regard will be had to the DoEHLGs Architectural Heritage Pro170、tection Guidelines for Planning Authorities.6.2.5 FerryThe feasibility of providing a water taxi linking the south and north quays should be investigated.A critical mass of new development will have to have occurred before such an initiative will be commercially viable.This could be procured by publ171、ic tender.6.2.6 Civic buildingsThere is an opportunity to anchor commercial and residential development and to attract major cultural events to Waterford by developing a new multi-purpose venue of regional significance in the north quays area:a venue that the city currently lacks.Such a venue would 172、have a medium to large seating capacity with capability to be used for a variety of related functions,such as theatre or concert hall,conference and educational facility.20 Waterford North Quays-Urban Design Framework Plan7 Implementation7.1 Developing the visionThe Framework Plan outlines a vision 173、for the North Quays area and a physical framework for achieving that vision.The Framework will thereby inform both the preparation and assessment of detailed planning applications,and will have statutory effect as a Local Area Plan within the meaning of the Planning and Development Act.7.2 Coordinat174、ion and deliveryIt is imperative to avoid an ad-hoc approach to development that will prejudice the proper planning and sustainable development of the North Quays.This will require a coordinated approach to delivery.It is recommended that formal delivery arrangements be put in place to guide and mon175、itor the implementation of the plan and to provide strategic direction as follows:Devise a detailed implementation programme that will set out necessary coordination measures,priorities,responsibilities and phasing7.3 FundingPublic infrastructure such as the new public spaces,bridge and supporting u176、tilities will be of direct benefit to,and facilitate,the development of the area.The nature,extent and coordination of infrastructural provision will need to be established as a priority.7.3.1 Development ContributionsIt is recommended that the Council should prepare a Supplementary Development Cont177、ributions Scheme under Section 49 of the Planning Act to defray the cost of infrastructural provision that will be of benefit to developers.7.3.2 Capital fundingIt is recommended that the Council should investigate other sources of capital funding available for specific projects through the various 178、National Development Plan Sectoral Programmes and Gateway Innovation Funding.7.4 Next steps:Devise a detailed programme of necessary coordination and enabling measures:Prepare a Supplementary Development Contributions Scheme:Prepare an Alternative Energy and Environmental Strategy for the area:Ident179、ify and prepare design briefs for key elements including waterfront spaces,pedestrian bridge and landmark buildings21 Waterford North Quays-Urban Design Framework PlanAppendix 1:Urban Analysis1.1 The North Quays areaThe area comprises approximately 28.5 hectares strategically located on the north ba180、nk of the River Suir,and includes the wharves,which stretch from Rice Bridge to the Abbey Church.The area also includes Plunkett Railway Station,part of the site of the former Ard R Hotel(this site extends into the administrative area of Kilkenny County Council),the established development fronting 181、onto the dual carriageway at Ferrybank and the Bus ireann garage.The length of waterfront(distance between Rice Bridge and Abbey Church)extends about 1 kilometre.The distance between the riverfront and the railway line varies between 40 and 105 metres.1.2 Urban Analysis1.2.1 CharacterThe site has be182、come underused and derelict due to the relocation of port activities downstream.The most significant character element of the area derives from its location opposite the historic city centre of Waterford with the fine grain of its unique waterfront.However,the wharves are separated from the existing183、 neighbourhood at Ferrybank by railway tracks and a dual carriageway.The impression of character of the North Quays is consequently of significant obsolete industrial buildings,large open concrete surfaces and minor surviving light industrial uses.A further significant character element is provided 184、by the steeply sloping topography north of Dock Road up to the tree-lined ridge overlooking the city.The ridge is dominated by the now disused Ard R hotel building.This is a large monolithic building constructed in an uncompromising modernist style that does not respond to the topography.Consequentl185、y,there is a degree of conflict between the more gently undulating landscape character of this part of the site and the built form of the hotel.121016851749184220061.2.2 Historical developmentThe Vikings founded the city of Waterford in 1014,and defended their longfort or ship-enclosure by building 186、a fortification that,in turn,was the foundation to Reginalds Tower on the south bank of the river.From there,the city developed further to the south and west.In 1794,the first bridge over the River Suir,known as Timbertoes,was opened,so triggering development on the North side of the river.However,u187、nlike the historic South Quays,the North Quays are largely a nineteenth and twentieth century creation.The development of the new Container Terminal at Belview,which started in September 1993,has resulted in the migration of the portal and shipping uses to the new site.22 Waterford North Quays-Urban188、 Design Framework PlanAppendix 1:Urban Analysis1.2.3 Natural and built heritageThe Quays are an assemblage of man-made wharves,which are incomplete and intermittent.They consist mainly of open spaces in which unused buildings and structures of significant scale such as lifting cranes,temporary stora189、ge sheds,large mill buildings and silos sit as reminders of Waterfords industrial and maritime history.The buildings present an imposing though incomplete frontage to the river.There are eight protected structures in the study area:RPS 507 Dock Road,No.14:RPS 709 Dock Road,Plunkett Railway Station:R190、PS 529 North Quay,Access to ferry point:RPS 103 Ferrybank,Abbey Church of Ireland:RPS 104 Ferrybank,Abbey House:RPS 105 Ferrybank,Lodge to Abbey (Church):RPS 106 Ferrybank,Sacred Heart Church:RPS 107 Ferrybank,Sion Hill HouseThe South Quays and the oldest parts of the city centre around Reginalds To191、wer are designated as an Architectural Conservation Area(ACA).The natural landscape behind the Quays rises sharply to the north-west with steep slopes along the quays from Rice Bridge to the west.To the south-east of the site there is attractive natural landscape following the course of the river in192、cluding significant trees surrounding Abbey Church.This space has been zoned as open space together with small pockets on the northern side of the Dock Road.The gardens of Sion Hill house and existing Ard R site are a green link to the countryside beyond.There are no Special Areas of Conservation(SA193、Cs)or Special Protection Areas(SPAs)defined in the study area.However,the river Suir itself is a candidate for SAC protection.Indicative sectionsNatural and built heritage23 Waterford North Quays-Urban Design Framework PlanAppendix 1:Urban Analysis1.2.4 MicroclimateWaterford is one of the sunniest,m194、ildest and driest parts of Ireland but is typical of the rest of the country in that it is protected from the extreme temperatures that affect continental countries of the same latitude.The average minimum temperature midwinter is 40C.In July average temperatures vary between 120C and 180C.Much of t195、he area enjoys good solar aspect due to its topography and the width of the river.As opposed to the mean annual rainfall for the wetter parts of the country of up to 2800mm,Waterford is less than half at around 1000mm.The prevailing wind direction in Waterford City is from the south-west,however the196、 wind can be funnelled along the river valley from any source affecting temperatures on the waterfront.24 Waterford North Quays-Urban Design Framework PlanAppendix 1:Urban Analysis1.2.5 Urban form and visual analysisThe area is physically and visually contained between the water body and the hill to197、 the north.The railway tracks separate the dockland area from the residential area of Ferrybank to the north.The South Quays and adjoining streets in the city centre have closed frontages and create a string of focal spaces at regular intervals.In contrast,the north side has no focal points and the 198、frontages along both the streets and wharves are inconsistent.Three axial views were identified from the south side to the north:Parnell Street/The Mall past Reginalds Tower to Abbey Church:Broad Street/Barronstrand to Sion Hill House punctuated by the Clocktower on the waterfront(it is believed tha199、t the entrance to Sion Hill House was intentionally placed on this axis by its original Merchant owners):Bridge Street over Rice BridgeGlimpses of the river and across to the North Quays can be experienced intermittently as one walks parallel to the river along OConnell,High and Baileys New Streets.200、The Ard R Hotel dominates the western end of the sky line in competition with the deserted silos,warehouses and receding line of low density suburbia.Travelling from the north,the gateway to the city is experienced as the view from the intersection of Ross Road,Abbey Road and Fountain Street,lining 201、up the Cathedral and Reginalds tower.A similar perspective of the South Quays can be viewed from Rockshire Road.As noted previously,the view along the axis of Sion Hill House and the Clocktower has historical significance.In general however,the constantly inspiring and arresting view of the south qu202、ay faade can be enjoyed at any point along the front of the North Quay.The faade of the South Quays is also revealed as one approaches the city along the N25 from New Ross nearing Plunkett Station.Visual analysisSpace and frontages25 Waterford North Quays-Urban Design Framework PlanAppendix 1:Urban 203、AnalysisTissue studyA tissue study of the existing South Quays was carried out.The tissue study highlights the dimension of historic quayside blocks,the fine grain of plot subdivision within each block and variety in building size and height.26 Waterford North Quays-Urban Design Framework PlanAppend204、ix 1:Urban Analysis1.2.6 Land use and activitiesIndustrial activity on the waterfront of Waterford has moved on,leaving the shells of dock related buildings vacant and obsolete.Some light industry remains in the north eastern portion of the site area including the Bus ireann depot and small scale au205、tomotive commercial uses.The existing retail is minimal and caters to the local market.Ferrybank urban village extends up and over the hill to the north with acres of semi-detached and other housing.This area is bordered by educational uses to the east and mixed uses further south.The south-east end206、 of the docks is marked by significant trees and forms an attractive foreground to the Abbey Church.Above the site to the west there are the well maintained and extensive grounds of Sion Hill House,which neighbours the even more expansive landscaped and increasingly steep bluff from which the Ard R 207、hotel dominates views to and from the city.Below the cliff and at the far west end of the site lies the existing railway station.The old city centre on the south side of the river contains a mixed use waterfront,a historic quarter focussed on Reginalds Tower,a retail quarter,cultural uses,areas of m208、ixed use to the west and south-east and urban village development.Character areas27 Waterford North Quays-Urban Design Framework PlanAppendix 1:Urban Analysis1.2.7 Movement and accessThe area can be reached using public transport either by rail or bus.The train station is situated at the north end o209、f Rice Bridge and to the west of the North Quays.The bus terminal is close to Rice Bridge on the south side.Within the city there are six different bus routes,but only one serves Ferrybank and the North Quays.The proposed Green Route will provide a high quality bus service along Dock Road,connecting210、 the suburbs and the city centre.Accessibility of both rail and bus services is severely restricted by the fact that the river is crossed by one bridge only.There are significant local barriers to pedestrian movement such as large inaccessible sites and lack of routes generally.The waterfront is not211、 accessible to the general public.There are no established general access points from the North Quays and Ferrybank.Informal points of access have been established in a number of locations.Walkband from the railway stationWalkband from the bus station28 Waterford North Quays-Urban Design Framework P212、lanAppendix 1:Urban AnalysisBy road Waterford is connected to Dublin(N9)and Clonmel(N24)reaching the city from the north-west at the train station,to New Ross(N25)approaching the city from the north-east through Ferrybank,and to Cork(N25)coming from the south-west into the city centre.There is a rin213、g road planned and under construction to reduce through-traffic in the city centre,as well as Park and Ride facilities at the edge of the city.Within the study area Dock Road(N25)and Rice Bridge are regularly congested.This should be reduced through adequate traffic calming measures when the ring ro214、ad is completed.Access to the city of WaterfordMovement and accessWhile in the city centre some pedestrian areas and routes are already in place,a pedestrian waterfront in the north and a pedestrian bridge across the river are proposed in the City Development Plan.As there is only one bridge in Wate215、rford at present the river Suir itself constitutes a barrier to north to south movement.The river also provides direct access to the city for recreational and fishing boats on the south quays.The railway lines inhibit movement into and out of the North Quays sites.There are only two existing access points from Dock Road across the railway to the site at present a level crossing and a restricted vehicular bridge.