1、浙江富阳水泥有限公司二线4000t/d新型干法水泥熟料生产线可行性研究报告工程号：N194A南京水泥工业设计研究院二四年九月目 录1总论11.1项目概况11.2项目背景21.3可行性研究依据51.4设计基本原则51.5项目提出的必要性61.6主要建设条件101.7主要技术经济指标131.8初步结论及建议152市场预测162.1全国水泥市场162.2目标水泥市场现状及预测182.3本项目产品销售前景273主要技术方案283.1配料设计283.2总图303.3生产工艺323.4电气423.5过程控制453.6给水排水473.7建筑493.8结构513.9通风、空调及动力524环境保护544.1设计2、依据和标准544.2本工程污染源544.3本工程中将采取的环保措施554.4结论与建议575消防595.1概述595.2设计依据595.3消防设计596劳动安全及职工卫生606.1概述606.2设计依据606.3职业卫生措施606.4劳动安全措施616.5劳动安全卫生管理626.6劳动安全卫生投资627节能637.1概述637.2节能措施638项目实施进度设想668.1项目管理668.2项目实施进度669组织机构、劳动定员及人员培训679.1组织机构设置679.2劳动定员679.3人员培训6710投资估算6910.1工程概述6910.2编制范围6910.3编制依据及方法6910.4投资估算表63、911经济效益评价7211.1概述7211.2项目总投资7211.3资金筹措7211.4生产成本与费用计算7311.5财务经济评价7511.6分析结论77附图：(1) 区域位置图 1张(2) 总平面布置图1张(3) 工艺流程图16张(4) 配电系统图3张(5) 控制系统配置图1张(6) 给排水系统图1张附件： (1) 浙江省发展计划委员会 2003134号 项目受理通知书(2) 富阳市发展计划局文件 富计重2004409号关于上报浙江富阳水泥有限公司日产4000吨新型干法水泥熟料二线项目可行性研究报告的请示(3) 富阳市建设项目用地初审意见书(4) 富阳市建设局建设项目选址意见书富选426号(4、5) 建设银行贷款承诺书(6) 富阳市环境保护局文件 富环保200377号关于浙江富阳水泥有限公司建设4000t/d新型干法水泥熟料生产线（二号线）的意见(7) 富阳市水利水电局关于浙江富阳水泥有限公司建设24000t/d新型干法水泥熟料生产线的意见(8) 富阳市交通局关于浙江富阳水泥有限公司建设24000t/d新型干法水泥熟料生产线项目公路扩建的函(9) 富阳市供电局文件 富电生2003393号关于浙江富阳水泥有限公司建设24000t/d水泥熟料生产线项目供电意向的批复(10) 富阳市矿产资源管理办公室关于浙江富阳水泥有限公司两条4000t/d水泥生产线项目石灰石资源保证程度的证明(11) 5、杭州市工业行业管理办公室浙江富阳水泥有限公司（筹）日产4000 吨2水泥熟料干法回转窑生产线总量压缩、增量平衡表(12) 富阳市鹿山街道办事处关于农居拆迁安置工作的证明(13) 富阳市林业局浙江富阳水泥有限公司拟征林地动植物基本情况说明(14) 富阳市水土保持监督管理站关于浙江富阳水泥有限公司实施水土保持方案的证明(15) 浙江富阳水泥有限公司浙江富阳水泥有限公司24000t/d项目交通运输初步方案 (16) 中华人民共和国国土资源部 国土资储备字2004209号“关于浙江省富阳市灰良岗矿区水泥石灰岩矿勘探地质报告矿产资源储量评审备案证明”(17) 中华人民共和国国土资源部 国土资储备字2006、4210号“关于浙江省富阳市桃花坞矿区水泥配料砂岩矿详查地质报告矿产资源储量评审备案证明”(18) 浙江省环境保护局文件 浙环建2004177号“关于浙江富阳水泥有限公司日产24000吨新型干法水泥熟料生产线项目环境影响报告书审查意见的函”(19) 富阳市人民政府 富政函200456号“关于浙江富阳水泥有限公司项目选址的函”the main street. even get across the ngs of all time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it. A great many goods were sent7、 to the exhibition from various parts of the world. There was also a great deal of machinery on display. The most wonderful piece of machinery on show was Nasmyths steam hammer. Though in those days, travelling was not as easy as it is today, steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the Chan8、nel from Europe. On arriving in England, they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train. There were six million visitors in all, and the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums浙江富阳水泥有限公司二线4000t/d新型干法水泥熟料生产线 可行性研究报告 1 总论1.1 项目概况1.1.1 项目名称浙江富阳水泥有限公司二线4000t/d新型干法水泥熟料生产线。1.1.2 建设地点浙江省富阳市鹿9、山街道五四村。1.1.3建设规模、范围及产品方案采用新型干法预分解生产工艺，在一线基础上扩建一条4000t/d水泥熟料生产线，年产商品熟料124万t；同时预留扩建余地及余热发电系统。建设范围自石灰石破碎至熟料成品运输出厂（包括煤粉制备及输送），以及与之相配套的生产辅助设施；石灰石、砂岩矿山在一期工程已全部建成。产品方案：优质高标号商品熟料，按国家标准JC/T853-1999熟料28天强度60MPa，年产商品熟料124万t。1.1.4企业概况光宇集团有限公司系国家有关部委审定的国家级乡镇企业集团，列入浙江省重点骨干企业、绍兴市“小型巨人”企业、绍兴县“三个一批”行业龙头企业。拥有总资产21亿元，10、占地75万m2。集团现有固定员工1800人，其中具有大中专以上学历480人，经济师、会计师、工程师、教授级高级工程师等专业职称人士68名。2002年度实现销售收入10亿元，创利税1.2亿元。集团下属企业主要有浙江玻璃股份有限公司和浙江华强墙地砖有限公司两家。其中浙江玻璃已于2001年12月10日在香港联交所成功上市，成为境内第一家H股上市的民营企业。浙江玻璃总规模日熔化量达2350t级，年产优质浮法玻璃1000万重量箱，其生产规模位居全省第一、全国第四位。光宇集团坚持发展就是硬道理，抢抓机遇，加快技改投入，按照公司“十五”规划的要求，2002年固定资产投入8亿元，这些项目全部投入生产，可新增年11、销售收入10亿元。2003年计划固定资产再投入20亿元。光宇集团规划2003年实现销售收入确保20亿、力争25亿，2005年实现销售收入100亿，2010年实现销售收入500亿，成为国际、国内有影响的大型企业集团。公司将立足玻璃主导产业；发展优质原片玻璃和深加工玻璃，争取成为中国平板玻璃原片生产基地和深加工玻璃基地；积极拓展新领域，加快资本市场运作，不断培育新的经济增长点，增强企业的综合经济实力。光宇集团有限公司为了实现其发展战略，出资组建了浙江水泥有限公司及浙江富阳水泥有限公司，公司根据浙江省水泥工业的总体发展规划，结合富阳市当地优越的建设条件和良好的市场前景，拟建设一条4000t/d新型干12、法水泥熟料生产线。1.2 项目背景浙江省富阳市是浙江省政府有关部门确定的四大水泥熟料生产基地之一。富阳市位于沪、杭、甬“金三角”的交汇点，距杭州31km，距上海230km，距宁波 165km。市域介于北纬29443012、东经1192512009。东接萧山市、南连诸暨市、西邻桐庐县、北与临安市、余杭市接壤，东北与杭州市西湖区毗连。东西长69.7km，南北宽49.7km，面积1808km2，人口62.02万。辖15个镇、7个乡、4个街道。改革开放以来，富阳市经济建设和社会发展取得了辉煌的成就，连续两次被评为全国综合实力百强县（市），相继跻身于全国明星县（市）、全国卫生城市、全国城市环境综合整治优13、秀城市、全国社会零售百强县（市）、全国科技先进县（市）以及浙江省首批小康县（市） 行列。全市已形成了以通信器材、造纸为龙头，以轻纺、电子、生物化工、新型建材、食品为骨干的具有行业特色的工业体系。初步统计，2002年全市实现工农业总产值349.67亿元，全年实现国内生产总值127亿元，比上年增长11.6%。其中，第三产业实现增加值35.3亿元，增长14.0%。产业结构继续得到改善，三次产业占国内生产总值比重由上年的11.3：61.5：27.2调整为9.4：62.8：27.8，第三产业比重比上年提高0.6个百分点。人均国内生产总值突破2万元，达20460元（按现行汇率折算接近2500美元），比上年14、增长11.5%。富阳市基础设施不断完善，社会事业蓬勃发展，全市一级公路通车里程达79km。 富阳市固定资产投资持续快速增长。全年完成全社会固定资产投资38.4亿元，比上年增长44.7%。其中，城镇以上基本建设投资5.2亿元，增长42.3%；更新改造投资3.7亿元，增长55.7%；房地产投资8.6亿元，增长82.8%；农村非农户和农户投资20.9亿元，增长32.3%。根据富阳市国民经济和社会发展第十个五年计划纲要（摘要），国民经济素质显著提高，综合经济实力明显增强，为到2010年人均国内生产总值比2000年翻一番以上创造条件；全市综合实力进入全省前列。主要预期目标是： 国内生产总值年均递增10%15、以上，期末人均国内生产总值达到2.6万元（3000美元以上）；三次产业结构比例为8：61：31；工业总产值年均递增13%，农业总产值年均递增4%；全社会固定资产投资总额五年累计150亿元；财政收入年均递增13%；外贸出口总额年均递增12%；社会消费品零售总额年均递增10%；恩格尔系数38%以下；城市化水平达到45%以上。近年来，在国家扩大内需的宏观环境影响下，富阳市的固定资产投资规模逐年加大，一批重点工程要相继启动。今后一个时期，政府的投资重点仍然是基础设施建设，改善投资环境和交通运输。拓宽改造富见子线、新淳线、富算线三条一级公路和横樟线、胥高线、春永线、高桦线、中新线、环合线、高泰线7条二级16、公路，市域内形成一小时交通圈。建成500t级小沙码头和300t级的港航管理码头、富阳旅客码头。加快电网调度自动化建设、富阳镇城市配电网建设和农村电网的改建工作，建成220kV方家墩变电所和富春变电所，完成110kV松溪、临江、灵桥、农民城等输变电工程和110kV春江、常安、大源、徐家简易变改造增容工程，动工兴建500kV富阳变电所。市政设施将继续改善市内交通，加快城市骨架道路建设，完成江南大道、苋浦桥、汽车北站等工程，争取动工兴建富春江第二大桥；完成苋浦水系综合整治和城市防洪、自来水扩供工程。除富阳的固定资产投资规模较大外，本项目的重要市场之一杭州市规划的重点工程更多，仅杭州市公路水运交通建设17、规划(20012010年)投资估算160.75亿元，其中：公路建设投资136.03亿元，公路主枢纽和站场建设投资9.16亿元，航道投资19.74亿元，港口投资4.99亿元。“十五”期间计划投资97.50亿元，其中：公路建设83.42亿元，公路主枢纽和站场7.93亿元，航道9.64亿元，港口4.44亿元。这一大批重点项目必将带动富阳市、杭州市优质水泥的市场需求。浙江省石灰石资源储量较大，经调查、估算，全省石灰石总资源量约195亿t，主要分布在长兴、富阳、常山等地区。根据石灰石资源分布情况，结合浙江省“十五”期间水泥工业发展规划，在兼顾生态环境的前提下，规划在石灰石资源富集的长兴、富阳、常山等地建18、设大型水泥熟料基地。并依据市场需求、地域分布、交通条件、混合材资源等要素在全省各地适当地建设一些大中型粉磨站，作为熟料基地的延伸，这是浙江省水泥工业结构战略性调整的一个重要内容。富阳市是浙江省规划的大型水泥熟料基地之一，拥有丰富的石灰石、硅质资源，其他原材料也极为丰富，供水、电条件具备，环境容量相对富余，劳动力充足，而且市场容量大，具备开发大型水泥项目必要的物质条件和社会条件。随着水泥工业结构调整的产业政策的深入落实，为了满足市场对高标号回转窑水泥的需求，发挥当地资源、交通优势，富阳市委、政府对建设大型水泥熟料基地极为重视。浙江富阳水泥有限公司考虑到富阳市优越的建设条件，从公司发展的战略出发，19、拟在富阳市建设大型水泥项目。本项目的实施可利用光宇集团资金、技术、管理、品牌的优势，充分发挥当地资源、运输等的优势条件，改变富阳市、杭州市乃至浙江省水泥工业的面貌。双方的合作，体现了优势互补：公司得以发展、地方得以引资、增加财政税收。2003年7月公司委托南京水泥工业设计研究院完成了本工程项目建议书的编制工作，该项目建议书已经浙江省发展计划委员会受理(编号2003134号)。据此，公司委托南京水泥工业设计研究院编制“浙江富阳水泥有限公司二线4000t/d新型干法水泥熟料生产线可行性研究报告”。1.3 可行性研究依据1.3.1 浙江省发展计划委员会“项目受理通知书”编号2003134号。1.3.20、2 浙江水泥有限公司与南京水泥工业设计研究院签定的浙江水泥有限公司4000t/d水泥熟料生产线工程的设计合同。1.3.3 浙江富阳水泥有限公司提供的有关基础资料。1.4 设计基本原则(1) 充分利用建设场地的设计基础条件进行技术方案的优化研究，生产车间总平面布置紧凑、工艺流程顺畅、尽量减少不必要的生产环节、增加厂区绿化面积，建设一个文明、美丽、环保的现代化工厂。(2) 设计中积极采用国内外先进成熟可靠的技术，确保系统整体装备水平处于领先地位。(3) 本项目在方案确定上，进行认真细致的方案比较，优化设计方案，并认真吸取同规模新型干法水泥生产线的宝贵经验，消除生产环节中的“瓶颈”环节，使系统的潜力21、得以充分发挥。(4) 在设备选型上选用信誉良好、产品质量优、价格合理、有良好业绩、服务好的厂家设备。(5) 在设计中处处体现用户至上的原则，强化节能设计，为业主实现最大的经济效益提供保障。(6) 在工艺先进、布置合理的前提下尽可能地降低工程投资，以最小的投资获取最大的经济效益。1.5 项目提出的必要性1.5.1符合国家“总量控制，结构调整”产业政策作为基础原材料工业水泥工业的飞速发展，为国民经济的快速发展创造了条件，然而由于我国水泥工业的发展起步较低，加上市场短缺的刺激，造成了在发展过程单纯追求量的增长而忽略了其它问题。水泥工业从总量上来讲虽然解决了供不应求的问题，满足了经济建设对水泥供应量的22、需要，但水泥工业量的增长却是在低水平的重复建设中发展起来的，导致我国水泥工业结构不合理。为从根本上解决我国建材工业这种不合理的产业结构，总体上提高我国建材行业的技术装备水平，实现我国建材行业的“由大变强，靠新出强”的战略目标，国家有关部门制订了一系列调整水泥工业产业结构，对现有小立窑厂、小玻璃厂实施关停的政策，并先后以“国经贸1997367号”文颁布了关于公布第一批严重污染环境（大气）的淘汰工艺与设备名录的通知，“国经产业1998527号”文国家经贸委关于印发建材工业控制总量调整结构若干意见的通知。建材工业“十五”规划提出以产业结构调整为中心，以实施西部开发和加入WTO为契机，坚持发展先进生产23、力和淘汰落后工艺相结合，到2005年，水泥生产企业的平均规模由年产10万t提高到25万t；“十五”期间要按“等量淘汰”或“超量淘汰”的原则，发展新型干法水泥生产，实现发展新型干法水泥生产能力翻番；引导机立窑企业按照可持续发展的要求，采用新型干法技术实施改造，逐步淘汰立窑工艺。按照浙江省调整水泥工业布局，总量适当控制、积极发展新型干法水泥及水泥生产向集约化、规模化方向发展的原则，浙江富阳水泥有限公司采用水泥熟料基地加粉磨站模式，选择在石灰石资源富集的富阳市建设大型水泥熟料基地，在石灰石资源匮乏及市场需求量大的地区建设粉磨站。项目的实施将以关停小立窑水泥厂作为前提，并已得到了当地政府及主管部门的大24、力支持和协助。本项目建成后将进一步促进和实现所在地区水泥工业的产业结构调整，因此本项目的建设符合国家“总量控制、结构调整”的产业结构政策。1.5.2项目建设符合市场需要和规划发展要求根据我国水泥工业结构调整目标，“十五”期间，要按“等量淘汰”或“超量淘汰”的原则，发展新型干法水泥生产，实现发展新型干法水泥生产能力翻番；引导机立窑企业按照可持续发展的要求，采用新型干法技术实施改造，逐步淘汰立窑工艺。本项目水路运输条件很好，产品辐射范围广，其目标市场除销售到富阳市、杭州市外，还可以辐射到宁波市、上海市等。该销售区域水泥消费量较大，部分地区存在缺口，尤其是高标号回转窑水泥的市场存在较大缺口。杭州市的25、水泥生产发展较快，水泥产量从1991年的206万t增加到1998年的753万t，年均增长8.3%，占浙江省水泥产量的21.5%，2001年884万t，占浙江省水泥产量的18.56%，绝大多数为立窑水泥。杭州市作为浙江省的省会、我国著名的旅游城市，随着经济和社会的发展，杭州市政府决定把杭州建设成为人居、旅游、求知和创业的天堂，成为一个环境优美的生态城市。规划2003年前关停市郊的小水泥厂，关停的水泥产量达300万t，2005年关停杭州市周围所有立窑厂；大力发展散装水泥和商品混凝土，2001年杭州市散装水泥供应量达到476万t，连续3年居全国大中城市第一位，散装率达到52.27%，全市混凝土供应量26、约400万m3，比上年增加160万m3。此举给杭州市的大水泥市场留下巨大的空间。宁波地区2002年总产量为296.76万t；5家散装水泥中转库、2000年中转水泥54.14万t；8家商品砼企业、2000年使用散装水泥17.37万t。近几年，宁波市各项建设每年消耗的水泥约为500550万t（其中散装水泥204万t、包装水泥约300万t），而地产水泥远不能满足市场需要，大量外地水泥纷纷涌入，随着公路运输管理的规范（限制超载），特别是随着国家产业结构的调整，重大工程质量终身制与城建监管的加强，旋窑水泥需求量越来越多，小水泥低价冲击宁波市场的现象也越来越少，市场价格逐渐趋于稳定。近几年，上海每年的水泥27、需求量平均在1500万t左右，2001年上海市水泥产量为453万t，上海水泥协会已提出，“十五”期间，上海的立窑及湿法窑将逐步退出历史舞台，上海将来的水泥缺口量在1100万t/a以上。本项目以生产高质量的回转窑水泥熟料为基本产品目标，项目实施后对于产品涉及范围内水泥工业的产业结构调整意义重大。且产品适应市场要求，具有较强的市场竞争能力。1.5.3项目建设是节约能源、环境保护的需要随着经济发展水平和人们认识的不断提高，人们对环境保护和水泥质量的认识不断增强。环保问题、质量问题和可持续发展问题日益成为制约社会和经济发展的最重要的因素之一，先发展经济，再解决环保和质量问题的诸多弊端已经日益显现，而且28、日趋严重，结果必然会导致经济发展不上去，环境问题也解决不好，更保证不了经济的可持续发展。传统的水泥工业是一个高能耗、高污染的资源性工业，为了实现水泥工业产业结构调整，实现水泥工业由“粗放型”向“集约型”的转变，必须在水泥工业的发展中加大采用新技术、新装备的力度，重点对产品质量低劣、环境污染严重、资源浪费严重的立窑、小型回转窑水泥生产企业实行坚决的关停，以大型现代化的水泥工业替代周边地区小水泥生产企业。为此，国家有关部门修订颁布了与国际标准接轨的新水泥产品标准，以高标号回转窑水泥逐步取代低质量的立窑水泥；并加大监督检查力度，严格限制立窑水泥的使用范围和生存空间，重点扶持和帮助国有大中型水泥骨干企29、业的技术更新和技术改造力度，切实实现国有大中型重点企业的脱困增效，从而为国民经济总体可持续发展作出努力。另外，立窑企业在环境保护问题上由于生产工艺本身的限制而无法克服的缺陷日加明显，集中表现在粉尘、SO2、NOx的排放量均远远大于预分解窑。本项目实施后全厂各粉尘排放点的粉尘排放浓度降至国家排放标准以下，NOx、SO2等有害物排放量均大大低于国家排放标准，节能降耗、减少污染的优势十分显著。本项目通过关停小水泥厂，以新型干法水泥生产技术代替之，不仅可以合理利用资源、节约能源、提高产品质量，还可以减轻环境污染，减少资源和能源的浪费。浙江省一些石灰石资源丰富的地区，往往是风景秀丽，旅游资源丰富。故本项30、目在选择厂址时，已充分考虑到生态保护、环保和旅游的因素，做到建设和保护兼顾。1.5.4项目建设是发挥企业自身优势实现企业快速发展的需要在市场竞争日益激烈的今天，企业为了不断发展、壮大，满足社会对优质产品的需求，必然要根据企业的自身特点，依靠技术进步，使企业经济效益不断提高。浙江富阳水泥有限公司通过本项目的实施，进一步适应市场需求，满足浙江东南部地区建设要求，发挥水泥产业优势，促进当地经济发展，同时壮大了自身规模，必将进一步提高了企业经济效益。随着国家水泥工业产业结构调整的逐步深入以及水泥新标准的实施，绝大多数立窑水泥生产企业很快将面临淘汰，如何合理解决这些立窑厂关停后的后续问题是当地有关部门需31、要认真对待的问题。本项目实施后，将带动富阳市及杭州市水泥工业的健康稳定发展，进而拉动经济的发展，为周边地区经济的全面振兴做出重要的贡献。因此，浙江富阳水泥有限公司在浙江省富阳市实施本项目正是充分发挥该公司的优势，加速企业发展，壮大整个公司的战略之举。本项目的实施迎合目标市场的产品需求，符合行业、地方的规划发展要求。1.6 主要建设条件1.6.1 原、燃料(1) 石灰石富阳市石灰石储量丰富，远期总储量达9.10亿t。本项目采用富阳大山顶石灰岩矿的石灰石，该矿区位于富阳市西南约21km。距拟建厂址（五四村）约1.0km，矿区行政隶属鹿山街道管辖。中国建材工业地质勘查中心浙江总队对该矿进行了地质勘探32、工作，于1987年4月提交了浙江省富阳县大山顶熔剂、水泥灰岩矿区勘探地质报告，浙江省矿产储量委员会以“浙储决（1987）8号”文审查批准了该地质勘探报告。共批准矿石储量1.5221亿t；其中熔剂灰岩6381.06万t，水泥灰岩8840.49万t。（其中B+C级1.2845亿t，占总储量的84%）。该矿山储量可满足本项目26年的生产所需。矿床赋存于石炭系中统黄龙组中上部，矿区褶皱为一完整对称的向斜构造。向斜轴走向NESW，岩层倾角5774，矿区断层不甚发育。部分地段第四系复盖层及岩溶较为发育。大山顶石灰岩矿区控制长约1500m，宽245455m，矿层平均厚度为203.18m（182.5246.033、m）。矿石自然类型主要为：生物碎屑细晶灰岩、细品灰岩，缝合线灰岩及硅质团块灰岩。该矿山石灰石的平均化学成分如表1-1所示。表1-1 石灰石平均成分（）L.O.ISiO2Al2O3Fe2O3CaOMgOK2ONa2OTotal42.940.710.470.1253.460.320.040.0398.09(2) 砂岩本项目的砂岩拟取自距拟建厂址0.5km的近早坞砂岩矿。该矿山的植被良好，偶有裸露的基岩。为满足设计和工厂今后生产的要求，建议业主督促资源地质勘查部门尽快完成该矿区地质勘探工作。砂岩矿的平均化学成分如表1-2所示。表1-2 砂岩的平均化学成分(%)L.O.ISiO2Al2O3Fe2O3C34、aOMgOK2ONa2OSO3Cl-Total2.8975.5210.585.460.531.692.390.030.040.00799.14(3) 页岩本项目铝质原料拟采用当地的页岩。页岩矿山距拟建厂址1km，与砂岩矿山属同一山脉。为满足设计和工厂今后生产的要求，建议业主督促资源地质勘查部门尽快完成该矿区地质勘探工作。页岩平均化学成分如表1-3所示。表1-3 页岩的平均化学成分（）L.O.ISiO2Al2O3Fe2O3CaOMgOK2ONa2OSO3Cl-Total4.6658.9617.506.550.753.163.421.250.120.00996.38(4) 铁质原料本项目拟采用硫酸35、渣为铁质校正原料，硫酸渣粒度一般3mm，水分15.0%。硫酸渣采用船运及汽车运输进厂。硫酸渣的化学成分如表1-4所示。表1-4 硫酸渣的平均成分(%)L.O.ISiO2Al2O3Fe2O3CaOMgOK2ONa2OSO3ClTotal-4.8936.555.5142.7714.543.040.760.201.450.01599.95(5) 煅烧用煤本项目熟料煅烧用煤将采用安徽淮南、淮北矿务局及山东枣庄、江苏徐州等煤矿所产的烟煤。烟煤工业分析及煤灰化学成分如表1-5、1-6所示。 表1-5 原煤的工业分析Mar%Mad%Aad%Vad%F.Cad%Qnct，adkJ/kgSt，ad%Crad%836、.001.3525.9528.5544.1523271 0.4160.003表1-6 煤灰的平均化学成份（）L.O.ISiO2Al2O3Fe2O3CaOMgOK2ONa2OSO3Cl-Total051.9833.473.024.560.611.680.782.230.000199.471.6.2 供电主电源：从富阳中埠区域变电站引一个110kV电源供本项目使用。由三山变电站提供10kV电源作为施工用电，柴油发电机组作为工厂保安电源。1.6.3 供水本项目水源为富春江，富春江水质较好，水量丰富，经处理后能满足水泥厂生产生活需用水量的要求。1.6.4 工程地质拟建厂区属低山丘陵区山前的小型冲、洪积37、扇坡谷地带，地表经长期剥蚀切割而成平缓的起伏地形，基岩埋深一般较浅，坡谷堆积具一定厚度的洪冲积物，工程地质条件良好。该区域内未发现不良地质现象。1.6.5 交通运输本项目位于浙江省富阳市鹿山街道五四村。富阳市是浙江省杭州市所辖的县级市，地处浙江北部地区，杭州市西面，富春江和320国道斜贯全境，拟建的杭千高速公路沿富春江贯通。富阳交通方便，内河水运可通过京杭大运河，直达杭嘉湖河网地区和上海市；本地区公路交通发达，沿横大线东行10km与富桐公路和320国道连接，距杭州约60km，并与沪杭甬高速公路连通，公路运输较为方便。富春江与杭嘉湖河网连接，常年可通航500t级船泊。1.6.6 气象条件建厂地区38、主要气象资料如下：年平均气温 16.1C极端最低气温 -14.4C（77年1月5日）极端最高气温 42.2C年平均降雨量 1441.20mm最大年降雨量 1964.4 mm（1983年）年平均降雨天数 159.7天年平均气压 1015.7hPa年平均风速 1.83m/s最大风速 17.3m/s常年主导风向 NW（17.65%）常年次主导风向 E富春江洪水位 12.93m（吴淞高程）1.6.7 地震烈度本项目建厂地区基本抗震设防烈度为6度，设计基本地震加速度值为0.05g。1.7 主要技术经济指标 表1-7 主要技术经济指标序号 项 目单位指标备 注1工厂建设规模 熟料t/d4000万t/a 139、24.002主要原、燃料消耗量2.1石灰石 万t/a150.532.2砂 岩 万t/a20.142.3页 岩万t/a14.842.4硫酸渣万t/a4.812.5原煤 万t/a18.013生产方法 新型干法4主要生产设备 4.1回转窑F4.874m 台14.2五级旋风预热器+分解炉 套14.3原料磨 台1辊式磨4.4煤 磨台1辊式磨5全年耗电量 万kWh/a71926项目总投资 万元29726.09仅含铺底流动资金6.1建设总投资 万元29006.09其中： 建筑工程 万元7612.00 设备购置 万元14658.03 安装工程 万元2815.00 其它费用万元 3352.67 设备材料涨价预备40、金 万元0.00建设期利息万元568.396.2铺底流动资金 万元720.007总图指标7.1占地面积亩 3507.2建筑系数%40.57.3绿化系数%187.4容积率%0.87.5土地利用率%917.6单位面积投资强度万元/亩82.98单位指标 8.1熟料料耗 kg/kg1.4858.2熟料热耗 kJ/kg30118.3熟料吨投资 元/t233.928.4熟料综合电耗kWh/t588.5熟料总成本元/t124.02生产期平均9职工人数及劳动生产率 9.1职工人数人1209.2全员劳动生产率t/人a10333.3310财务评价指标 10.1年销售额万元22672.40不含税10.2年销售成本 41、万元15301.70不含税10.3年销售税金 万元2237.1510.4年销售税金附加 万元201.3510.5年资源税万元010.6年利润总额=1-2-4-5 万元7169.3510.7投资利润率%22.8310.8投资利税率%30.5910.9全投资财务内部收益率% 20.6810.10全投资静态投资回收期 年 5.71含建设期1年10.11平均年股利率% 43.341.8 初步结论及建议1.8.1 初步结论(1) 本项目符合国家产业政策，有利于浙江省的水泥结构调整。(2) 项目所需的建设条件均有保障；交通运输条件优越。(3) 本项目使富阳市的石灰石、砂岩等矿产资源得到充分利用，发挥浙江富42、阳水泥有限公司的管理优势、资金优势、人才优势和技术优势，带动地方经济发展，增加就业，保持社会稳定，增加地方财政税收，具有很好的社会效益。(4) 本项目使浙江富阳水泥有限公司获得较好的企业经济效益，全投资财务内部收益率为20.68%，全投资静态投资回收期为5.71年（含建设期），投资利润率为22.83%，投资利税率为30.59%。1.8.2 建议 请政府有关部门大力支持，抓住目前水泥工业结构调整的有利条件，争取项目早日投产，早见效益；建议上级有关部门尽快批准本项目。2 市场预测2.1 全国水泥市场2.1.1 现状及存在的问题 近几年来，我国经济发展一直保持着较快的发展速度，固定资产投资也一直保持43、较高的增幅，为水泥行业提供了较大发展空间。2000年全国水泥产量为5.97亿t，2001年全国水泥产量为6.27亿t，2002年全国水泥产量达7.05亿t。2002年全国水泥工业各种窑型及产量分布见表2-1。表2-1 2002年全国水泥工业各种窑型及产量分布序号窑 型熟料生产能力（t/d）2002年产量（百万t）比 例（%）1大中型预分解窑70010000105.815.12小型预分解窑30060081.13预热器窑10010002.40.34立筒预热器窑2004009.31.35半干法窑70020005.80.86余热发电中空窑500100013.71.97立波尔窑40060030.48小型44、干法中空窑5040081.19湿法窑400800405.610先进立窑25035011516.411机械立窑10025033948.212普通立窑50150557.8 合 计705100与此同时，水泥行业结构调整力度不断加大。2002年建成投产52条日产700t以上的新型干法水泥生产线，其中有5条为日产5000t新型干法水泥生产线；到2002年年底，全国已建成投产的新型干法水泥熟料生产线有222条（不含台湾省25条、香港特别行政区1条），其年熟料生产能力达1.15亿t。2002年全国生产水泥7.05亿t，大中型企业生产3.31亿t，平均生产规模47万t；小型企业生产3.74亿t，平均生产规模945、万t；规模以下水泥企业达4600户以上，占企业总数的80%以上。今年以来，全国建材工业保持了高速发展，结构调整成效逐步显现，但新型干法水泥的增速还不能满足市场需求的快速增长，一些落后工艺企业和小企业产量增长势头不减。一些省区市的应淘汰企业尚未淘汰，一些业已淘汰的地方“小水泥”有死灰复燃现象。因此，今后水泥工业的结构调整任务还是很艰巨。2.1.2 宏观经济环境今后5到10年，中央将继续保持积极的财政政策和稳键的货币政策，加快基础设施的建设，水泥行业将继续拥有极好的发展机遇。“十五”期间，按GDP年均增长7%计，平均每年全社会固定资产投资在4万亿元左右，国民经济与社会发展对建材产品的需求将保持稳定46、增长的势态，2002年全社会固定资产投资43202亿元，比上年增长16.1%。中小城镇建设投资规模将有大幅增长；一批大型水库、水电站、南水北调工程开工建设以及高速公路等基础设施建设力度继续加大；军工、石化等相关产业对建材产品的需求也将进一步增加。2.1.3 产业政策及发展机遇建材工业“十五”规划提出以产业结构调整为中心，以实施西部开发和加入WTO为契机，坚持发展先进生产力和淘汰落后工艺相结合， “十五”末期，水泥生产企业的平均规模由目前的年产10万t提高到25万t；“十五”期间要按“等量淘汰”或“超量淘汰”的原则，发展新型干法水泥生产，实现发展新型干法水泥生产能力翻番；引导机立窑企业按照可持续47、发展的要求，采用新型干法技术实施改造，逐步淘汰立窑工艺。据有关部门预测，2030年前我国水泥工业窑型结构变化预测结果(按水泥产量%数计)见表2-2。表2-2 2030年前我国水泥工业窑型结构变化预测年份大中型预分解窑先进立窑机立窑普通立窑其他各种回转窑200215.116.448.27.812.52010404535401005102015707515205090*100095*3002注*除预分解窑外，可能还有更新的熟料烧成系统问世。2.2 目标水泥市场现状及预测2.2.1 浙江省水泥市场现状浙江省地处东海之滨，西与安徽、江西接壤，北临江苏、上海，南接福建，是我国经济最为发达的东南沿海地区重48、要省份之一。2001年浙江省国内生产总值为6700亿元，位居全国各省第四位，比上年增长10.5%；人均GDP达到14700元，持续保持着全国省份第一的位置；全省投资规模比上一年增长了22.1%，达到2769亿元。经济的发展带动水泥市场的发展，2001年浙江省水泥总产量为4763万t；2002年浙江省水泥总产量达5793万t。浙江省水泥工业具有以下特点：(1) 水泥产量大幅增长，经济效益显著提高；2002年浙江省水泥总产量达5793万t，比上年增长18%，全行业实现销售收入137亿元、利润8.8亿元、税收10.5亿元。(2) 企业数量大幅减少，平均产能成倍增长。1998年至2002年，全省淘汰小49、机立窑249座，水泥企业减至266家，平均产能21.8万t，产业集中度提高了3.5倍。(3) 技术结构不断优化，但全省水泥工业的结构性矛盾还未根本解决。2002年企业的机立窑还有415台，总生产能力仍有4500万t。而已经投产的新型干法窑主要以日产1000t至1500t的小型窑为主、占60%，日产2000t及以上的新型干法窑生产线只有6条投产。 图2-1 浙江省水泥产量折线图2.2.2 浙江省水泥结构调整及发展 浙江省1998年至2002年共淘汰小机立窑249座，压缩落后生产能力1000多万t，其中2001年拆除了小水泥窑62座，淘汰落后生产能力300万t。浙江省“十五”期间水泥工业结构调整与50、发展规划：(1) “十五”期末全省水泥产量预计达7700万t，其中新型干法水泥产量4700万t，水泥散装率为54%。新型干法水泥比例达到60%以上，新建日产5000t以上新型干法水泥生产线6条以上；企业平均规模达到35万t；“十五”期间培育2家规模在600万t以上企业集团，34家规模达到300万t600万t的水泥企业集团。(2) “十五”期内继续压缩机立窑水泥生产能力1500万t。(3) 对国家已公布予以取缔和关闭的小水泥厂，各类工程不得使用其水泥。(4) 浙江省政府有关部门从进一步提高浙江水泥工业劳动生产率、提高水泥行业集约化程度以及大幅度提高浙江水泥企业竞争能力的要求出发，已经出台了限制新51、建日产2000t熟料以下规模生产线，适当发展日产2000t4000t熟料规模的新型干法水泥生产线，积极支持和鼓励日产4000t及以上规模生产线的建设的相关政策。(5) 重点扶持衢州、建德、长兴、富阳等4个水泥熟料生产基地的建设。截止到2002年底，浙江省已建成投产的新型干法水泥生产线24条，其中6条规模为日产2500t熟料生产线，新型干法水泥年生产能力已达到1000万t。此外在建的新型干法水泥生产线和现已审批的新型干法水泥生产线也在30条以上，如全部建成将新增水泥熟料3000万t。浙江省“十五”发展规划实施项目约65个，预计总投资将达到3950亿元，主要投入到农业、水利建设、交通、城市改造等基52、础产业。另外，浙江城市基础设施发展规划指出，在未来5年内，将规划建设310项重大城市基础设施项目，总投资达2518亿元，其中5年内计划完成投资1070亿元；杭州市将在5年内投资1700亿元用于把该市建成长江三角洲仅次于上海的国际性大都市，用于杭州市境内三个交通环线和一个大交通圈的交通西进工程、杭州城市新中心钱江新城建设工程、运河（杭州段）及市区河道综合整治工程、西湖外围地区的环境保护与发展工程等10大工程建设。浙江省在“九五”投资600亿元建设大交通的基础上，建设高速公路和国道、省道干线公路，建成甬台温高速公路的部分路段和杭州环城公路北段一期共143km的高速公路，开工建设甬（宁波）金（金华）53、丽（丽水）温（温州）高速公路部分路段；投资110亿元的杭州湾跨海大桥2003年6月8号正式奠基、工期5年，另外还有投资7.8亿元的钱江四桥等；这些工程项目将需要大量的优质旋窑水泥。根据资料分析，浙江省2000年水泥市场需求量已达4500万t，其中，杭州地区800万t，市区约为300万t；宁波地区700万t，市区约为400万t，十五期间全省各地对水泥产品的需求量还将不断攀升，尤其是优质旋窑水泥的需求增长速度将加大。浙江省政府有关部门目前发文要求加强建设工程水泥使用管理，重要建设工程、城市住宅工程、商品混凝土搅拌站、各类大中型水坝、桥梁、隧道（洞）、涵洞、水闸和采用水泥修筑的高等级公路与高速公路54、路面、各类大中型建设工程的基础和结构部分（包括大中型工程所使用的承受荷载的预制构件）必须使用回转窑水泥，建设单位不得以理由要求设计单位或施工单位在工程设计或施工中，违反上述要求选用或使用水泥等一系列有关条文，该文件的出台，将进一步推动浙江水泥工业结构的调整，对扩大回转窑水泥市场将产生积极的作用。由此可见，在政府的积极政策引导下，在优质回转窑水泥广阔的需求市场推动下，建设日产熟料4000t新型干法回转窑生产线是可行的。2.2.3 杭州水泥市场杭州市的水泥生产发展较快，水泥产量从1991年的206万t增加到1998年的753万t，年均增长8.3%，占浙江省水泥产量的21.5%，2001年884万t55、，占浙江省水泥产量的18.56%，绝大多数为立窑水泥。杭州市作为浙江省的省会、我国著名的旅游城市，随着经济和社会的发展，杭州市政府决定把杭州建设成为人居、旅游、求知和创业的天堂，成为一个环境优美的生态城市；杭州市政府于2000年11月发布了杭政发【2000】233号通知，要求“关停转迁严重影响我市生态环境的采矿及加工企业，还人民一个蓝天、碧水、绿色、清净的生存环境在2003年底前，对市区和影响市区环境质量的周边地区，钱塘江、富春江、新安江两岸，千岛湖四周，良诸文化保护区和其他旅游资源保护区内的矿业（含就地采挖粘土的砖瓦窑，下同）及矿产品加工企业，国道、省道、旅游公路两侧的露天矿山，依法实施关、56、停、转、迁。”其中对于水泥企业的政策是2003年前关停市郊的小水泥厂，关停的水泥产量达300万t，2005年关停杭州市周围所有立窑厂；大力发展散装水泥和商品混凝土，2001年杭州市散装水泥供应量达到476万t，连续3年居全国大中城市第一位，散装率达到52.27%，全市混凝土供应量约400万m3，比上年增加160万m3。此举给杭州市的大水泥市场留下巨大的空间。杭州市的国民经济在浙江省占有相当大的比重。尽管最近几年浙江省全社会固定资产投资增长速度开始放缓，然而杭州市的固定资产投资仍保持较快的增长速度，年均增长率超过13%。杭州的经济发展及政策的推动将使大水泥市场占有率越来越高。2.2.4 宁波地区57、水泥市场宁波是我国东南沿海的发达城市，所辖一市、六县（慈溪、象山、奉化、余姚、宁海、鄞县），是浙南经济、文化、交通的中心，商品经济较为发达，浙江省重要工业城市之一，是我国经济发展最快的地区之一。宁波地区现有水泥企业（含粉磨站）5家，包括宁波海螺粉磨站、宁波舜江、慈溪水泥厂、奉化粉磨站和象山港水泥公司，2002年总产量为296.76万t；5家散装水泥中转库、2000年中转水泥54.14万t；8家商品砼企业、2000年使用散装水泥17.37万t。近几年，宁波市各项建设每年消耗的水泥约为500550万t（其中散装水泥204万t、包装水泥约300万t），2001年大中型水泥厂在宁波地区可统计的销量为358、75万t（详见表2-3）；而地产水泥远不能满足市场需要，大量外地水泥纷纷涌入，随着公路运输管理的规范（限制超载），特别是随着国家产业结构的调整，重大工程质量终身制与城建监管的加强，旋窑水泥需求量越来越多，小水泥低价冲击宁波市场的现象也越来越少，市场价格逐渐趋于稳定。 表2-3 2001年大中型水泥厂在宁波地区的销量表厂 名海螺三狮山鹰余姚江山长广合计2001年销量(万t)1556540851515375宁波市2000年国内生产总值达到1900亿元，“九五”时期年均递增13%；“十五”期间，全市国内生产总值年均递增10%，到2005年经济总量突破2000亿元，人均国内生产总值约3.5万元(约合459、200美元)，全社会固定资产投资五年累计达到2300亿元左右；2001年宁波市固定资产投资规模达470.28亿元，预计2005年宁波地区年需水泥600万t。为了实现“十五”的奋斗目标，宁波市政府组织实施“新世纪工程”，“新世纪工程” 是宁波市第九次党代会确定的战略重点的深化和细化，是结构调整的重要依托和有效载体，是提前基本实现现代化的奠基工程。(1) 建成北仑三期国际集装箱码头和大榭岛25 万t级原油码头，建设北仑四期国际集装箱码头，集装箱运输迈上新台阶，宁波港成为我国沿海国际深水中转枢纽港。(2) 建设杭州湾大通道，建成甬台温、甬金高速公路，完成栎社国际机场二期、杭甬运河和萧甬铁路复线改造，60、成为我国东南沿海重要的交通枢纽。(3) 完成镇海炼化扩建和100万t白板纸项目，争取建设大型乙烯工程和东海春晓油气田利用项目，成为华东地区重要的能源、原材料基地。(4) 建成覆盖全市的信息宽带干线网等信息基础设施，信息技术在各行各业普遍运用，信息产业形成规模，使宁波市国民经济和社会信息化走在全国前列。(5) 加快新一轮城市建设，形成现代化中心城市框架，完善“一大五中十五小”的城市体系，城市化水平达到55%。(6) 加快宁波开发区、保税区、大榭岛和省级开发区建设，引进一批重大外资项目，争取有更多跨国公司落户，成为投资环境优良、国际化程度高的对外开放区域。(7) 完成百家企业重点技改项目，形成一批61、特色产业园区，建成国内知名的科技园区和高教园区，成为重要的科技创新基地和我省高等教育副中心。(8) 加快以甬江水系为重点的流域治理，完成城市防洪工程，实施水土资源的开发、利用和保护，兴建水源工程和生态公益工程，建成150万亩的高产标准农田，初步形成可持续发展的防洪、供水体系和生态环境。(9) 建成大剧院、图书馆、博物馆等重大文化设施，建设环境优美、品位高雅、内涵丰富，集文化、旅游、休闲于一体的“三江文化长廊”。(10) 建设城市污水、垃圾处理系统，提高城市供水供气的保障能力和质量，基本完成中心城区非成套房改造，城镇人均住房使用面积达到20m2，城乡居民生活环境进一步改善。2.2.5 上海市水泥62、市场现状及预测本项目交通条件优良，经内河水运至全国最大的经济中心上海十分方便。2000年，上海市全年实现国内生产总值4551亿元，比上年增长10.8%；人均国内生产总值达到34560元；地方财政收入完成497.9亿元，比上年增长15.3%；全社会固定资产投资全年完成1861.2亿元，高于年初预期目标。2002年，上海市全年实现国内生产总值达5408.76亿元。随着我国加入世贸组织、上海成功申办世博会，上海经济参与全球化的广度和深度将进一步拓展；国家继续实施积极的财政政策，启动西部大开发，加快城市化进程，将带动新的投资和消费需求，有利于上海取得更好的发展。坚持城市建设与管理并举，不断优化城市综合63、发展环境以对外交通和轨道交通网络建设为重点，全面启动新一轮城市基础设施建设。全力推进上海国际航运中心洋山深水港前期准备工作，继续抓好外高桥港区项目，开工建设铁路上海南站，完善城市对外交通设施。以明珠线二期、地铁1号线北延伸、莘闵线、杨浦线和上海磁悬浮列车示范运营线工程等“四轨一磁”为标志，大力推进轨道交通建设。以外环线黄浦江下游、大连路、复兴东路三条越江隧道和卢浦大桥等“三隧一桥”为纽带，进一步增强越江交通能力。在重点建设莘奉金、沪青平等高速公路的同时，推进沪崇苏等高速公路的前期工作。配合国家西气东输、西电东送等重大工程，以天然气建设为重点，推进能源结构调整。以“一城九镇”建设为重点，加快郊区64、城镇化建设，继续加大中心城旧区改造力度。“九五”期间上海市固定资产投资总量为9597亿元，预计“十五”期间投资规模将达10000亿元以上，“十五”期间固定资产投资中的重大项目，将主要由5个投资总额各500亿元左右的项目版块支撑，它们是：(1) 加强对外幅射和联系的“三港一路”深水港、航空港、信息港、铁路工程；(2) 完善城市综合交通功能的“三网一线”工程高速公路网、轨道交通网、市内道路网、越江交通线；(3) 改善上海城市环境和生活质量环境建设工程苏州河综合治理、雨污排水工程、城市绿化工程、城市防汛工程；(4) 对上海发展提供清洁能源和基础物质供应的“三供应”工程气、电、水。上海市近年水泥用量及65、本市产量(万t)、商品砼生产量(万m3)如表2-4。表2-4 上海市水泥用量、产量、商品砼生产量表年 份19951996199719981999200020012002水泥用量126411501100116096099815001600本市产量435432342350309390453351.59外省进沪82971875781470060810531250商品砼量7721058120611001041134421002500外省市进沪水泥企业从94年的600余家减至2001年的209家，其中旋窑企业41家、占进沪水泥企业数的19.6%，旋立窑企业29家、占13.9%，立窑企业120家、占57.66、4%，粉磨企业19家、占9.1%。近几年，上海每年的水泥需求量平均在1500万t左右。受资源环境等因素的制约，上海自产水泥市场将逐步缩小，经过“九五”期间产业结构调整(立窑已全部关闭，小旋窑也已停开)，上海水泥企业由原来的32家减少至23家，现有水泥企业中粉磨企业13家、回转窑水泥厂9家、配置企业1家。2001年上海市水泥产量为453万t，上海水泥协会已提出，“十五”期间，上海的立窑及湿法窑将逐步退出历史舞台，上海将来的水泥缺口量在1100万t/a以上。为适应城市建设对建筑材料的需求，近几年来上海的商品混凝土发展很快，1994年上海市商品混凝土生产量仅311万m3，到2002年生产量为250067、万m3。每立方米商品混凝土若按消耗水泥400kg计算，用于生产商品混凝土所消耗的水泥由1994年的124万t增加到2002年的1000万t，仅此项就需消耗大中型旋窑水泥1000万t。1999年12月21日上海市建设委员会发出关于加强本市建设工程使用水泥管理的通知，规定上海重大工程、住宅工程以及商品砼搅拌站、水泥预制品生产企业，必须使用回转窑水泥，不得使用立窑水泥；因此优质旋窑水泥在上海的需求市场前景广阔。2.2.6 江苏省水泥市场现状及预测江苏省水泥工业主要分布在南京、镇江、徐州、苏州等地区，其水泥生产能力约占全省的90%。江苏省现有水泥企业370家，其中大中型企业78家，其中企业规模达10068、万t以上的企业只有6家。2001年水泥产量为5252万t，2002年水泥产量为6035.29万t。江苏省各地区水泥消耗量与上一年度基本持平，苏北由于高速公路和地方铁路等大型工程项目的建设，水泥用量以年10%的速度增长；江苏省1999年度淘汰10%左右的小水泥生产厂家中，苏北关停20%左右厂家；另外，江苏省北部受资源短缺的限制，水泥生产主要集中在徐州，而南通、连云港、淮阴、盐城、扬州等地水泥生产能力有限，且以立窑为主，据统计该地区需水泥14601560万t，其中旋窑水泥需求量达580620万t，产需相差较大。江苏省南部的苏、锡、常为经济发达地区，目前苏州地区水泥年需要量在300400万t；无锡地69、区水泥年需要量在250万t左右，而其目前回转窑生产的水泥在8%以下，随着立窑水泥的逐步淘汰，回转窑水泥在无锡将有很大的市场。截止2000年10月江苏省已关闭淘汰落后小水泥生产线147条、淘汰落后生产能力580万t；“十五”期间，根据环保要求，江苏省再淘汰不属于淘汰范围的环保不达标的小水泥生产能力500万t2001年全省完成国内生产总值9514.6亿元，占全国总量的9.9%，比上年增长10.2%，人均国内生产总值12925元，比上年增长10.5%；全省城市化水平达42.6%，比上年提高1.1个百分点。2002年全省经济又有了一定增长，新一轮城市化已经开始， 预计2005年全省城市化水平将达到4570、%，2010年将在50%以上。江苏省“十五”规划提出：全省国内生产总值预期调控目标为年均增长9-10%，人均国内生产总值年均增长8-9%，全社会固定资产投资五年累计达到20000亿元，年均增长9.5%左右；到2010年全省国内生产总值将比2000年增长1.4倍左右。由此带来水泥新需求达5000多万t。“十五”期间全省交通基础设施计划投资1000亿元，每年保持在建不少于1000km、建成250km以上的规模，“十五”期间，建成润扬长江公路大桥，连徐、汾灌、宁宿徐、宁靖盐、苏嘉杭、锡宜和沿江高速公路，开工建设沿海、通启、宿淮盐等高速公路，力争开工建设苏通长江公路大桥、南京长江三桥。2003年江苏将71、加大投资力度，全社会固定资产投资将超过4300亿元，比2002年增加500亿元左右。在交通基础设施方面，兴建5条铁路大通道的同时争取上报两条铁路，预计总投资将达22.55亿元。其中，新长铁路通过国家验收，并正式投入运行；宁启铁路完成投资14.5亿元，全线铺轨结束，站后工程完成设计工程量的90%，为实现南京至扬州段提前通车打下基础；新淮铁路续建技改完成投资3.52亿元；新长线东延段南通至狼山港铁路完成投资3亿元，争取铺轨结束；新淮线南延段竣工投运。争取上报立项宁宜铁路，该铁路规划全长130km，从南京经江宁、溧水、溧阳，进入浙江境内。同时，对通沪过江铁路、京沪高速铁路及宁合铁路开展调研，争取早日72、开工。另外，我国南水北调工程已进入实施阶段，预计该工程建设期50年，总投资将达5000亿元人民币以上。2002年12月27日开工的江苏段三阳河、潼河、宝应站工程，是南水北调东线工程的水源项目，整个东线工程规划分三期实施，总投资650亿元，其中在江苏境内的投资达203亿元。江苏省将全面实施沿江开发战略，将对江苏省水泥市场起到了强有力的拉动作用。2.3 本项目产品销售前景本项目所在地水路运输方便，运输成本较低，有利于产品在浙江、江苏、上海销售。产品市场前景较好。3 主要技术方案3.1 配料设计3.1.1 原料化学成分的选取配料设计中采用的原料的平均化学成分如表3-1所示。表3-1LossSiO2A73、l2O3Fe2O3CaOMgOK2ONa2OCl-石灰石42.940.710.470.1253.460.320.040.030.00098.09页 岩4.6658.9617.506.550.753.163.421.250.00996.38砂 岩2.8975.5210.585.460.531.692.390.030.00799.14硫酸渣-4.8936.555.5142.7714.543.040.760.200.01599.95灰 分51.9833.473.024.560.611.680.780.00199.473.1.2 煤的工业分析 表3-2Mar%Mad%Aad%Vad%F.Cad%Qnc74、t，adkJ/kgSt，ad%Crad%8.001.3525.9528.5544.1523271 0.4160.0033.1.3 原料配比表3-3 （）石灰石页岩砂岩硫酸渣80.127.5010.182.203.1.4 熟料率值 表3-4KHSMIMHMLSF0.892.601.602.1292.413.1.5 烧成热耗、煤耗、煤灰掺入量、理论料耗 表3-5烧成热耗kJ/kg熟料煤耗kg煤/t熟料煤灰掺入量%理论料耗t生料/t熟料3011129.393.361.4853.1.6 生料化学成分 表3-6LossSiO2Al2O3Fe2O3CaOMgOK2ONa2OCl-34.9413.482.875、92.0943.260.730.550.130.00098.113.1.7 熟料化学成分 表3-7SiO2Al2O3Fe2O3CaOMgOK2ONa2OCl-21.955.203.2564.411.140.870.210.00097.223.1.8 熟料矿物组成 表3-8熟 料 矿 物 组 成（%）液相量C3SC2SC3AC4AF1400（ %）55.1521.298.269.8724.583.1.9 结论及建议(1) 配料设计结果表明：本项目采用石灰石、页岩、砂岩和硫酸渣四组份配料，以安徽淮南、淮北矿务局及山东枣庄、江苏徐州等煤矿所产的烟煤作烧成燃料，可生产优质硅酸盐水泥熟料，熟料率值及矿物76、组成适宜，能满足新型干法生产工艺的配料要求。(2) 采用四组分配料不仅率值调节灵活，有利于工厂的高产、稳产，而且，工厂今后生产中只需调整原料配比，就能根据市场所需调整产品品种，具有很强的市场竞争能力。(3) 为了充分利用矿山资源、提高工厂自动化控制水平，并确保窑系统连续、稳定和均衡的运行，建议工艺设计中对进厂石灰石设置预均化堆场。(4) 本项目原煤来源地不固定，供应原煤的矿点多个，因此煤的均匀性差，且随着国家煤炭市场的进一步开放，原煤的选用灵活性更大，为确保窑系统稳定，均衡的运转，建议工艺设计中对进厂原煤设置预均化堆场。(5) 本项目建成投产后，建议生产中熟料率值控制在下述范围内： KH=0.77、890.01 SM=2.600.10 IM=1.600.103.2 总图3.2.1交通运输 富阳为杭州市所辖县级市，处浙北中部地区，富春江与杭嘉湖河网连接，常年可通航500t级船舶。“十五”期间，京杭大运河将延伸至萧山，将为1000t级船舶提供可能，目前1000t级桡性顶推内河船即将下水投航，水运更为方便。 厂区南端沿富春江的道路（即汤家埠至新浦）已规划为二级公路，2003年底将建成。沿此道路东行10km与富桐公路和320国道连接，本厂距杭州近50km，在杭州进入沪杭甬宁高速，公路运输较为方便。目前，进入厂区道路-蒋新路为四级公路，路面宽度为5m，无法满足本项目的运输要求，因此需在厂区与32078、国道之间修建二级公路。公路长约8 km，路基宽17m，路面宽14m，占地面积500亩左右。3.2.2 建设场地在一期工程中已预留二期用地，二期用地可分为两块：主生产线用地位于一线烧成区与砂岩页岩均化堆场之间地带；石灰石均化堆场用地位于原均化堆场西侧地带。同时一期工程中水、电等条件为二期的施工创造了有利条件。3.2.3 总平面布置根据场地外部运输条件，结合工艺流程要求，综合各方面因素进行总平面布置。主生产线与一期工程平行对应。根据功能分区要求，全厂平面布置概述如下：(1) 原料准备区：石灰石均化堆场位于一期石灰石均化堆场的西侧，合理利用资源的原则，与一期共用皮带，砂岩页岩铁粉均化堆场、砂岩页岩破79、碎等都是与一期工程共用。(2)主生产区：该区位于一期主生产区的南侧；该区包括：窑尾、窑中、窑头、熟料库等。3.2.4 水土保持(1) 拟建项目场地位于鹿山街道东约8km的山谷地带（山坑里村庄东侧），在项目规划中贯彻执行珍惜和合理利用土地的方针，因地制宜，合理布置，节约用地，提高土地利用率。并充分利用荒地、劣地，不占用耕地、好地。(2) 妥善处理工厂建设与发展的关系，不早占或多占用土地。对象虎山这样的自然地貌进行保留，在保持其植被的前提下对其进行美化，以形成美观的人文环境。(3) 挖方场地表层腐植土先挖出集中堆放，以作绿化或复土造田之用。3.2.5 竖向布置厂区竖向布置采用台段式布置，场地新设计80、标高为：石灰石均化堆场区： 64 m； 主生产区：63 m。3.2.6 道路设计(1) 运输规划 表3-9 工厂新增物料运量表物料种类年运量(万t)日运量(t)运输方式石灰石150.534855.76皮带页岩14.84478.72汽车砂岩20.14649.79汽车硫酸渣4.81155.29汽车燃煤18.01580.87汽车外销熟料124.004000汽车从上表可以看出工厂原料汽车年运入量为57.8万t，熟料年运出量为124万t，按平均汽车载重15t考虑，运输天数按250天考虑，汽车日运输车次为485辆，其中进厂154辆，出厂331辆。考虑一期工程其汽车日运输车次为970辆，其中进厂308辆，出81、厂662辆目前进入厂区道路-蒋新路为四级公路，路面宽度为5 m，根据公路设计规范其昼夜交通量应在200辆以下；为满足工厂运输需要及周围居民通行需要必须改建为二级公路（路基宽度为18m），其昼夜交通量可达到2000-5000辆。 为保证工厂运输通畅，熟料、原煤、混合材厂内运输道路与蒋新路连接部分设计为路面宽度为24 m的水泥混凝土路面，以保证运输。(2) 厂内道路 厂内道路为方便消防车辆的通行呈环行布置，以保证消防车辆的通行；道路路面宽度为7m、4m，厂区道路采用郊区型道路。荷载按汽-20设计，道路结构为22cm厚c35水泥混凝土面层，15cm厚碎石垫层，35cm厚手摆块石。3.2.7 绿化设计82、在总平面设计中道路两侧均考虑绿化带。在场地内小河南侧进行美化，可把小河建设成景观河流，起到蓄水及美化环境调节空气的作用。同时尽量保留场地内的小山坡，并加以绿化，提供休闲场地。厂区绿化系数可达18%。3.2.8工厂主要技术经济指标(1) 占地面积：350亩(2) 建构筑物占地面积：66166M2（99.25亩）(3) 露天堆场及室外操作场地面积：28334 M2 (42.5亩)(4) 总建筑面积：186665 M2(5) 道路广场面积：21667 M2 (32.5亩)(6) 建筑系数：40.5%(7) 绿化系数：18%(8) 容积率：0.8(9) 土地利用率：91%(10) 单位面积投资强度：883、2.9万元/亩3.3 生产工艺3.3.1概述(1) 生产方式和窑型、生产规模 浙江富阳水泥有限公司拟在浙江富阳扩建一条4000t/d熟料新型干法生产线，年产商品熟料124万t。本工程的范围为：石灰石破碎至熟料成品运输出厂（包括煤粉制备及输送），以及与之相配套的生产辅助设施。(2) 原、燃材料的年需要量及运输方式石灰石：年需要量约为150.53万t，破碎后由胶带输送机运输进厂。硫酸渣：年需要量约为4.81万t，由汽车运输进厂。砂 岩： 年需要量约为20.14万t，由汽车运输进厂。页 岩： 年需要量约为14.84万t，由汽车运输进厂。烟 煤：年需要量约为18.01万t，由汽车运输进厂。(3) 原料84、配料 表3-10石灰石(%)砂岩(%)页岩(%)硫酸渣(%)理论料耗(kg生料/kg熟料)80.1210.187.502.201.485(4) 燃料 采用烟煤为燃料，平均热值23271kJ/kg；该生产线的烧成热耗为3011kJ/kg熟料。3.3.2物料平衡表57the main street. The police had a difficult time, but they were most amused. Jumbo must weigh a few tons, said a policeman afterwards, so it was fortunate that we didnt85、 have to carry him. Of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.Lesson66 Sweet as honey! 像蜜一样甜！The Hatheld Puffin is a modern aero-plane, but its designer, Mr John Wimpenny, is finding it difficult to get it off the ground. The reason for this is that86、 this plane is also a bicycle. Its pilot has to pedal hard to get it into the air. After Mr Wimpenny had the plane built, it was tested thoroughly. In 1961, it was the first man-powered aircraft to fly half a mile. While being flown by a champion amateur cyclist in 1963, the plane crashed on an airf87、ield. Since then, Mr Wimpenny has had it rebuilt. He has had the length of the wings increased so that they now measure 93 feet-almost as long as those of a Dakota. Many people have shown interest in this new and unusual sport. But though air cyclists may learn how to fly over short distances, and m88、ay, eventually, even get across the English Channel, it is doubtful whether they will ever cycle across the Atlantic.Lesson67 Volcanoes 火山Haroun Tazieff the Polish scientist, has spent his life-time studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he went to lake Kivu in 89、the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. He noticed that a river of liq90、uid rock was coming towards him. It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time. He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and meas91、ure temperatures. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive. Lesson68 Persistent 纠缠不休I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. It was no use pretending that I had not seen him,92、 so I waved to him. I never enjoy meeting Bert Dykes. He never has anything to do. No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morning.Hullo, Bert, I said. Fancy meeting you here !Hullo, Elizabeth, Bert answ93、ered. I was just wondering how to spend the morning-until I saw you. Youre not busy doing anything, are you ? No, not at all, I answered. Im going to. .Would you mind my coming with you ? he asked, before I had finished speaking. Not at all, I lied, but Im going to the dentist. Then Ill come with yo94、u, he answered. Theres always plenty to read in the waiting room !lesson69 But not murder! 并非谋杀！I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire 95、confidence. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, Just one more thing, Mr Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, I want t96、he car to be stopped immediately. I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward. The examiner looked at me sadly. Mr Eames, he said97、, in a mournful voice, you have just killed that child ! lesson70 Red for danger 危险的红色During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger. The bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught s98、ight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. Apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. The crowd suddenly grew quiet. The drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself. When the bull got close to him, he clumsily steppe99、d aside to let it pass. The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. By this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to safety. Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once m100、ore turning its attention to the matador.Lesson71 A famous clock 一个著名的大钟When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C. If the Houses of Parliament had hot been burned down in 1834, the great clock would nev101、er have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice102、 a day. On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and sl103、owed it down ! Lesson72 A car called Bluebird “蓝鸟”汽车The great racing driver, Sir Malcolm Campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour. He set up a new world record in September 1935 at Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah. Bluebird, the car he was driving, had been specially built for him.104、 It was over 30 feet in length and had a 2500 horse-power engine. Although Campbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour, he had great difficulty in controlling the car because a tyre burst during the first run. After his attempt, Campbell was disappointed to learn that his average speed had b105、een 299 miles per hour. However, a few days later, he was told that a mistake had been made. His average speed had been 301 miles per hour. Since that time, racing drivers have reached speeds of over 400 miles an hour. Following his fathers footsteps many years later, Sir Malcolms son, Donald, also 106、set up a world record. Like his father, he was driving a car called Bluebird.Lesson73 The record-holder 纪录保持者Little boys who play truant from school are unimaginative. A quiet days fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get. They have 107、all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1600 miles. He hitch- hiked to Dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep. When he woke up next morning, he discovered that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to Calais. No one noticed the boy as h108、e crept off. From there, he hitch-hiked to Paris in a lorry. The driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of Paris as he hoped it would, but to Perpignan on the French-Spanish border. There he109、 was picked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities. He has surely set up a record for the thousands of boys who dream of evading school.Lesson74 Out of the limelight 舞台之外An ancient bus stopped by a dry river bed and a party of famous actors and actresses got off. Dressed110、 in dark glasses and old clothes, they had taken special precautions so that no one should recognize them. But as they soon discovered, disguises can sometimes be too perfect.This is a wonderful place for a picnic, said Gloria Gleam. It couldnt be better, Gloria, Brinksley Meers agreed. No newspaper111、 men, no film fans! Why dont we come more often ? Meanwhile, two other actors, Rockwall Slinger and Merlin Greeves, had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees. When they had all made themselves comfortable, a stranger appeared. He looked very angry. Now you gut out of here, 112、all of you! he shouted: Im sheriff here. Do you see that notice ? It says No Camping-in case you cant read ! Look, sheriff, said Rockwall, dont be too hard on us. Im Rockwall Slinger and this is Merlin Greeves. Oh, is it ? said the sheriff with a sneer. Well, Im Brinksley Meers, and my other name is113、 Gloria Gleam. Now you get out of here fast !lesson75 SOS 呼救信号When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. The only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were unhurt. It was the middle of winter. Snow lay thick on t114、he ground. The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. When it grew dark. she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. During the night, it got terribly cold. The woman kept as near as she could to the children and ev115、en tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. Early ,next morning she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. Then she had an idea. She stamped out the letters SOS in the snow. Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the neare116、st town. It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.Lesson76 April Fools Day 愚人节To end our special news bulletin, said the voice of the television announcer, we are taking you to the macaroni fields of Calabria. Macaroni has been grown in this117、 area for over six hundred years. Two of the leading growers, Giuseppe Moldova and Ricardo Brabante, tell me that they have been expecting a splendid crop this year and harvesting has begun earlier than usual. Here you can see two workers who, between them, have just finished cutting three cart-load118、s of golden brownmacaroni stalks. The whole village has been working day and night gathering and threshing this years crop before the September rains. On the right, you can see Mrs Brabante herself. She has been helping her husband for thirty years now. Mrs Brabante is talking to the manager of the 119、local factory where the crop is processed. This last scene shows you what will happen at the end of the harvest : the famous Calabrian macaroni-eating competition ! Signor Fratelli, the present champion, has won it every year since 1961. And that ends our special bulletin for today, Thursday, April 120、1st. We are now returning you to the studio.Lesson77 A successful operation 一例成功的手术The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation. The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes. As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the121、 mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. The only way to do this was to operate. The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin. The doctors removed a section of the mummy and122、 sent it to a laboratory. They also found something which the X-ray of the god Duamutef. This god which has the head of a cow was normally placedinside a mummy. The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately123、 this has not happened. The mummy successfully survived the operation. Lesson78 The last one? 最后一枝吗？After reading an article entitled Cigarette Smoking and Your Health I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. I smoked with concentration and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last cigarette. Fo124、r a whole week I did not smoke at all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly. I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. My friends kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produc125、ed a packet of sweets from my pocket. After seven days of this I went to a party. Everybody around me was smoking and I felt extremely uncomfortable. When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear. I took one guiltily, lit it and smoked with satisfaction. My w126、ife was delighted that things had returned to normal once more. Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. He himself has done it lots of times! Lesson79 By air 乘飞机I used to travel by air a great deal when I was a boy. My parents, used to live in South Ame127、rica and I used to fly there from Europe in the holidays. An airhostess would take charge of me and I never had an unpleasant experience. I am used to travelling by air and only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened. After taking off, we were flying low over the city and slowly gaining height,128、 when the plane suddenly turned round and flew back to the airport. While we were waiting to land, an air-hostess told us to keep calm and to get off the plane quietly as soon as it had touched down. Everybody on board was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened. Later we learnt th129、at there was a very important person on board. The police had been told that a bomb had been planted on the plane. After we had landed, the plane was searched thoroughly. Fortunately, nothing was found and five hours later we were able to take off again.Lesson80 The Crystal Palace 水晶宫Perhaps the mos130、t extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the Crystal Palace, which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851. The Crystal Palace was different from all other buildings in the world, for it was made of iron and glass. It was one of the biggest buildings of all time and a l131、ot of people from many countries came to see it. A great many goods were sent to the exhibition from various parts of the world. There was also a great deal of machinery on display. The most wonderful piece of machinery on show was Nasmyths steam hammer. Though in those days, travelling was not as e132、asy as it is today, steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the Channel from Europe. On arriving in England, they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train. There were six million visitors in all, and the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums浙江富阳水泥有限公司二线4000t/d新型干法水泥熟料生产线 可133、行性研究报告 表3-11 4000t/d水泥熟料生产线物料平衡表物料名称配比%水分%消耗定额( kg /t 熟料)物料平衡( 带1%生产损失)备 注干 基 (t)湿 基 (t)干基湿基每小时每天每年每小时每天每年石灰石80.121.001201.801213.94200.304807.201490232202.324855.7615052851.窑年运转天数：310页 岩7.506.00112.50119.6818.75450.0013950019.95478.721484042.理论料耗(kg/kg)：1.485硫酸渣2.2015.0033.0038.825.50132.00409206.4134、7155.29481413.燃料热值(kJ/kg)：23271砂 岩10.186.00154.26164.1025.45610.8018934827.07649.792014344.烧成热耗(kJ/kg)：3011.生 料1500.00250.006000.001860000熟 料166.6740001240000烧成用煤10.00130.70145.2221.78522.7816206224.20580.87180069the main street. The police had a difficult time, but they were most amused. Jumbo must135、 weigh a few tons, said a policeman afterwards, so it was fortunate that we didnt have to carry him. Of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.Lesson66 Sweet as honey! 像蜜一样甜！The Hatheld Puffin is a modern aero-plane, but its designer, Mr John Wimpen136、ny, is finding it difficult to get it off the ground. The reason for this is that this plane is also a bicycle. Its pilot has to pedal hard to get it into the air. After Mr Wimpenny had the plane built, it was tested thoroughly. In 1961, it was the first man-powered aircraft to fly half a mile. Whil137、e being flown by a champion amateur cyclist in 1963, the plane crashed on an airfield. Since then, Mr Wimpenny has had it rebuilt. He has had the length of the wings increased so that they now measure 93 feet-almost as long as those of a Dakota. Many people have shown interest in this new and unusua138、l sport. But though air cyclists may learn how to fly over short distances, and may, eventually, even get across the English Channel, it is doubtful whether they will ever cycle across the Atlantic.Lesson67 Volcanoes 火山Haroun Tazieff the Polish scientist, has spent his life-time studying active volc139、anoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he went to lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs,140、 he could not stay near the volcano for very long. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time. He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. This time, he man141、aged to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive. Lesson68 Persistent 纠缠不休I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw 142、me and came running towards me. It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy meeting Bert Dykes. He never has anything to do. No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all143、 morning.Hullo, Bert, I said. Fancy meeting you here !Hullo, Elizabeth, Bert answered. I was just wondering how to spend the morning-until I saw you. Youre not busy doing anything, are you ? No, not at all, I answered. Im going to. .Would you mind my coming with you ? he asked, before I had finished144、 speaking. Not at all, I lied, but Im going to the dentist. Then Ill come with you, he answered. Theres always plenty to read in the waiting room !lesson69 But not murder! 并非谋杀！I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so suc145、cessfully. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, Just one more thing, Mr Eames. Let us suppose that a child su146、ddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, I want the car to be stopped immediately. I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard an147、d we were both thrown forward. The examiner looked at me sadly. Mr Eames, he said, in a mournful voice, you have just killed that child ! lesson70 Red for danger 危险的红色During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the148、 danger. The bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. Apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. The crowd suddenly grew quiet. The drunk, however,149、 seemed quite sure of himself. When the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. By this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to safety. Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, 150、for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador.Lesson71 A famous clock 一个著名的大钟When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C. If the151、 Houses of Parliament had hot been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but is extremely ac152、curate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter153、 who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down ! Lesson72 A car called Bluebird “蓝鸟”汽车The great racing driver, Sir Malcolm Campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour. He set up a new world record in September 1935 at Bonneville Salt154、 Flats, Utah. Bluebird, the car he was driving, had been specially built for him. It was over 30 feet in length and had a 2500 horse-power engine. Although Campbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour, he had great difficulty in controlling the car because a tyre burst during the first run. A155、fter his attempt, Campbell was disappointed to learn that his average speed had been 299 miles per hour. However, a few days later, he was told that a mistake had been made. His average speed had been 301 miles per hour. Since that time, racing drivers have reached speeds of over 400 miles an hour. 156、Following his fathers footsteps many years later, Sir Malcolms son, Donald, also set up a world record. Like his father, he was driving a car called Bluebird.Lesson73 The record-holder 纪录保持者Little boys who play truant from school are unimaginative. A quiet days fishing, or eight hours in a cinema se157、eing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get. They have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1600 miles. He hitch- hiked to Dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep. When he woke up next morning, he discovered tha158、t the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to Calais. No one noticed the boy as he crept off. From there, he hitch-hiked to Paris in a lorry. The driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of Pa159、ris as he hoped it would, but to Perpignan on the French-Spanish border. There he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities. He has surely set up a record for the thousands of boys who dream of evading school.Lesson74 Out of the limelight 舞台之外An ancient bus stopp160、ed by a dry river bed and a party of famous actors and actresses got off. Dressed in dark glasses and old clothes, they had taken special precautions so that no one should recognize them. But as they soon discovered, disguises can sometimes be too perfect.This is a wonderful place for a picnic, said161、 Gloria Gleam. It couldnt be better, Gloria, Brinksley Meers agreed. No newspaper men, no film fans! Why dont we come more often ? Meanwhile, two other actors, Rockwall Slinger and Merlin Greeves, had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees. When they had all made themselves 162、comfortable, a stranger appeared. He looked very angry. Now you gut out of here, all of you! he shouted: Im sheriff here. Do you see that notice ? It says No Camping-in case you cant read ! Look, sheriff, said Rockwall, dont be too hard on us. Im Rockwall Slinger and this is Merlin Greeves. Oh, is i163、t ? said the sheriff with a sneer. Well, Im Brinksley Meers, and my other name is Gloria Gleam. Now you get out of here fast !lesson75 SOS 呼救信号When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. The only passengers, a young woman and her 164、two baby daughters, were unhurt. It was the middle of winter. Snow lay thick on the ground. The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. When it grew dark. she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. During the night,165、 it got terribly cold. The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. Early ,next morning she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. Then she had an idea. She stamped out the letters SOS in the s166、now. Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.Lesson76 April Fools Day 愚人节To end our special news bulletin, said the voice of the television announcer, we a167、re taking you to the macaroni fields of Calabria. Macaroni has been grown in this area for over six hundred years. Two of the leading growers, Giuseppe Moldova and Ricardo Brabante, tell me that they have been expecting a splendid crop this year and harvesting has begun earlier than usual. Here you 168、can see two workers who, between them, have just finished cutting three cart-loads of golden brownmacaroni stalks. The whole village has been working day and night gathering and threshing this years crop before the September rains. On the right, you can see Mrs Brabante herself. She has been helping169、 her husband for thirty years now. Mrs Brabante is talking to the manager of the local factory where the crop is processed. This last scene shows you what will happen at the end of the harvest : the famous Calabrian macaroni-eating competition ! Signor Fratelli, the present champion, has won it ever170、y year since 1961. And that ends our special bulletin for today, Thursday, April 1st. We are now returning you to the studio.Lesson77 A successful operation 一例成功的手术The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation. The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in t171、he Temple of Thebes. As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. The only way to do this was to operate. The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the 172、hard resin which covered the skin. The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. They also found something which the X-ray of the god Duamutef. This god which has the head of a cow was normally placedinside a mummy. The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. They 173、feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. The mummy successfully survived the operation. Lesson78 The last one? 最后一枝吗？After reading an article entitled Cigarette Smoking and Your Health I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. I smoked with 174、concentration and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last cigarette. For a whole week I did not smoke at all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly. I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. My friends kept on offering me cig175、arettes and cigars. They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. After seven days of this I went to a party. Everybody around me was smoking and I felt extremely uncomfortable. When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more 176、than I could bear. I took one guiltily, lit it and smoked with satisfaction. My wife was delighted that things had returned to normal once more. Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. He himself has done it lots of times! Lesson79 By air 乘飞机I used to t177、ravel by air a great deal when I was a boy. My parents, used to live in South America and I used to fly there from Europe in the holidays. An airhostess would take charge of me and I never had an unpleasant experience. I am used to travelling by air and only on one occasion have I ever felt frighten178、ed. After taking off, we were flying low over the city and slowly gaining height, when the plane suddenly turned round and flew back to the airport. While we were waiting to land, an air-hostess told us to keep calm and to get off the plane quietly as soon as it had touched down. Everybody on board 179、was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened. Later we learnt that there was a very important person on board. The police had been told that a bomb had been planted on the plane. After we had landed, the plane was searched thoroughly. Fortunately, nothing was found and five hours la180、ter we were able to take off again.Lesson80 The Crystal Palace 水晶宫Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the Crystal Palace, which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851. The Crystal Palace was different from all other buildings in the world, for it wa181、s made of iron and glass. It was one of the biggest buildings of all time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it. A great many goods were sent to the exhibition from various parts of the world. There was also a great deal of machinery on display. The most wonderful piece of machinery182、 on show was Nasmyths steam hammer. Though in those days, travelling was not as easy as it is today, steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the Channel from Europe. On arriving in England, they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train. There were six million visitors in all, and the profi183、ts from the exhibition were used to build museums 3.3.3主机设备及工作制度 表3-12序号车间名称主机名称型号、规格、性能数量(台)年利用率%1石灰石破碎单段锤式破碎机生产能力：800t/h进料块度：1500mm出料粒度：75mm占90%121.32石灰石圆形预均化堆场回转悬臂堆料机堆料能力：1600t/h110.7桥式刮板取料机取料能力：800t/h121.53砂岩、页岩破碎反击锺式破碎机生产能力：350t/h进料块度：600mm出料粒度：80mm占80%122.84辅助原料预均化堆场侧式悬臂堆料机堆料能力：450t/h120.2侧式刮板184、取料机取料能力：300t/h130.35原煤预均化堆场回转悬臂堆料机堆料能力：300t/h113.7桥式刮板取料机取料能力：200t/h120.66原料粉磨与废气处理辊式磨生产能力： 410t/h入磨水分：6%出磨水分：0.5%入磨粒度：100mm出磨细度：80mm筛余12%151.8原料磨风机风量：820000m3/h风压：9500Pa184.9窑尾高温风机风量：900000m3/h风压：7500Pa184.9袋收尘器处理风量：900000m3/h烟气温度：120150oC入口含尘量：80g/Nm3出口含尘量：30mg/Nm3184.97烧成系统预热器与分解炉NSTI型五级双系列预热器+在线185、分解炉C145.0mC226.9mC326.9mC427.2mC527.2m分解炉7.531m1套84.9回转窑4.874m斜度：4%转速：0.64 r/min184.9控制流篦式冷却机LBT42310篦床面积：120.98m2入料温度：1400出料温度：65+环境温度184.98煤粉制备辊式磨生产能力：40t/h入磨水分：12%出磨水分：1%入磨粒度：200kW采用高压电机，Pe200kW采用低压电机，窑传动采用直流电机，变频调速采用变频电机。(2)电动机的起动和调速 鼠笼型电动机一般采用全电压直接起动；高低压绕线型电动机采用液体变阻器起动。 直流电动机采用数字式可控硅直流传动装置调速；交流186、调速电动机采用变频调速装置调速。(3) 车间控制 从石灰石破碎到熟料入库生产线采用DCS系统控制，DCS系统现场控制站具有逻辑控制功能，电动机按工艺流程分成多个顺序组，每个顺序组起动前发起动预告信号，然后每个顺序组按预定起动顺序起动，当电机运行中发生故障时，顺序组中电机按预定顺序连锁停车，并发出故障报警信号。中控室操作人员从CRT显示的运行工况，通过键盘进行操作。 为了检修、试车的方便，电动机旁设机旁开、停按钮；为了机旁维修人员的安全，在机旁设带钥匙的按钮。(4)联锁及保安措施 在集中控制时，电动机起动前有起动预告信号、运行故障时有故障信号。 为检修安全，机旁设带钥匙的按钮；对于物料输送设备，187、根据需要设低速开关；长度超过20m的皮带机设拉绳开关。 根据工艺要求，电动机间设开、停顺序联锁、故障停车联锁以及单机保护联锁。3.4.7 配电线路 10kV线路采用YJV-10交联聚氯乙烯电缆，车间内低压线路采用YJV-1聚氯乙烯铜芯电缆，控制回路采用KVV-0.5 、KVVP-0.5控制电缆。计算机电缆采用DJYP2V。厂区室外主干道采用电缆隧道敷设;车间内采用电缆桥架、电缆沟、穿管直埋敷设相结合的方式。3.4.8 照明 照明和动力合用变压器，照明由电气室主照明配电柜单独回路供电，采用380/220三相五线制接线（具单独PE线）。大车间由电气室放射式供电，小车间为混合式供电。在三班制生产车间188、，一般设照明电源自动切换箱，两路供电。 灯具选择尽量采用节能型灯，高大厂房采用光效高的高压钠灯照明；一般车间采用白炽灯；电气室、控制室、值班室等以荧光灯为主，白炽灯为辅。电气室及车间内危险场所设应急照明。检修照明采用36V，但对于欲进入设备内部检修，特别危险场所采用12V安全电压。3.4.9 过电压及防雷接地保护。厂区建筑物按设计规范要求对建筑物设置防雷保护设施，一般采用避雷针、避雷带作为防直击雷接闪器，但为了节省钢材、节省投资，在满足热稳定条件下，可利用钢层架、金属烟囱、铁栏杆等作为接闪装置，利用柱内钢筋作为引下线。利用建筑物基础作为接地极，接地电阻，不能满足接地电阻要求时，补打接地极。3.189、5 过程控制3.5.1 设计原则全厂的主体控制方案采用先进的集散型控制系统(DCS)，其控制范围从从石灰石破碎到熟料入库生产线。DCS控制系统在中央控制室通过三台操作站集中管理生产，显示各类实时参数和历史参数，并对有关参数及报表进行打印，按照工艺过程由操作员给出控制参数；而生产过程中的各类参数、设备运行状况、设备保护等参数的采集、处理、自动调节及马达顺序控制则由分布在各电气室的现场控制站完成。在原料处理车间设置操作站，由操作员给出控制参数，同时将生产过程中的各类参数、设备运行状况送中控显视。DCS系统可靠性高、操作方便、安装调试容易、维护量极小，实现了生产过程的高度自动化和生产数据的综合管理，190、对保证产品质量，提高生产效率，降低生产成本具有重要作用。3.5.2 控制室设置 根据生产流程以及总体布置与操作要求，设置一个中央控制室、五个现场控制站、一个车间控制室分别为：(1) 原料磨电气室（设有现场控制站） 控制范围：原料配料库底、原料粉磨及废气处理、生料均化库顶。(2) 窑尾电气室（设有现场控制站） 控制范围：生料均化库底、生料入窑、烧成窑中。(3) 窑头电气室（设有现场控制站）控制范围：烧成窑头、熟料库顶。(4) 煤粉制备控制室（设有现场控制站） 控制范围：煤粉制备及输送。(5) 原料处理电气室（设有现场控制站）控制范围：原料配料库底、石灰石破碎和石灰石库。(6) 车间控制室控制范围191、如下：压缩空气站控制室：压缩空气站。3.5.3 检测点及控制回路设置 检测点的设置以满足工艺生产可靠运行为前提，一般的工艺参数仅设置显示及手操，重要参数设报警和记录，在生产的关键环节设置自动控制回路。3.5.4 窑胴体温度扫描系统设置窑胴体表面温度红外监测系统，用于检测窑胴体表面各点温度，掌握窑内耐火材料情况，确保大窑的正常运行。3.5.5 气体分析仪 为保证工艺过程安全、稳定的运行，在预热器出口设有CO、O2、NOx气体分析仪，在煤粉仓和煤粉收尘器出口设置CO气体分析仪。3.5.6 工业电视 在窑头设置一台看火工业电视，便于中央控制室的操作员的监视。在篦冷机设置一台监视电视，操作员能及时了解192、篦冷机及内部熟料状况，及时处理异常情况。在立磨入口皮带设置一台监视电视，操作员能及时了解立磨入料状况，及时处理异常情况，确保设备及工艺过程稳定、安全、可靠运行，提高生产效率。3.6 给水排水3.6.1水源本项目水源为富春江，富春江水质较好，水量丰富，经处理后能满足水泥厂生产生活需用水量的要求。给水处理场规模为150m3/h。3.6.2 用水量（详见用水量表）3.6.2 给水量(1) 生产线生产用水量a. 生产线循环系统给水量生产线循环系统回水量生产线循环系统补充水量生产线循环回水率b. 生产线生产消耗水(2) 消防补充水量(3) 不可预计水量7200m3/d 6840m3/d360m3/d 9193、5%1200m3/d180m3/d 560m3/d(4) 生活用水量： 120 m3/d(5) 工程需水源供给的水量为： 1.2( 360+1200+180+560+120)1.22420=2904m3/d3.6.3 给水系统全厂设置二个给水系统，即生活、生产给水系统和循环、消防给水系统。(1) 生活、生产给水系统生活、生产用水由水源地通过输水管至厂区，经水处理后流入清水池，再由变频恒压供水装置供全厂生活、生产用水。(2) 循环、消防给水系统为节约水资源，工厂生产设备冷却用水采用循环供水系统。由循环泵供给各生产设备冷却用水，循环回水利用余压至冷却塔，水经冷却后流入循环冷水池，再由循环给水泵升压194、循环使用。在冬季气温低时循环回水可超越冷却塔，直接进入循环水池。为防止水质变坏，循环水设有静电水垢控制器。全厂循环率约为95%。循环给水管网成环状布置，管径不小于DN100。确定室外消防水量为35L/s，室内消防水量为15L/s，灭火历时按二小时计，一次消防用水量为360m3/h，平时消防用水储存在循环水池中，发生火灾时用于消防。火灾后消防水在二天内补充完毕。消防采用低压制，在路边及部分车间内部设置消火栓，发生火灾时由手抬机动消防泵或消防车加压实施灭火。3.6.4 车间内部给水系统车间内部设备冷却水采用循环供水，但废气处理增湿塔喷水、窑头冷却机喷水、原料磨喷水和窑头工业电视用水采用新鲜水，接自195、生活、消防给水管网。废气处理增湿塔喷水、窑头冷却机喷水等对水压要求较高的场合，采用水泵二次加压。3.6.5 排水系统(1) 雨水排除厂区给水分为生产线循环消防系统、生产给水系统和生活给水系统。(2) 污水深度处理及中水回用为节约用水，本工程对全厂生活污水及生活废水收集处理后作为中水，经中水泵加压供厂区绿化、道路洒水及部分设备喷水等。二期生活污水及生活废水进入一期污水深度处理及中水回用系统进行处理。 3.8.6 主要构筑物及设备(1) 循环水池：矩形，400m3二座。(2) 生活清水池：矩形，500m3一座。(3) 给水处理及二级泵房：地上部分28.05.54.0m(长宽高)，地下部分8.05.196、54.0m(长宽高)。(4) 循环泵房：地上部分20.06.04.0m(长宽高)，地下部分16.06.04.0m(长宽高)。(5) 变频恒压供水装置：一套。包括：离心水泵：SLS80-200四台(三用一备)。Q=50m3/h，H=50m，P=15kW，n=2950r/min变频控制柜型号LBP-GM-15/4。(6) 离心水泵：SLW125-200四台。三台用于循环给水(二用一备) ，一台用于消防。 Q=96160192m3/h，H=555046m，P=37kW，n=2950r/min(7) 离心水泵：SLW80-160一台。用于旁滤。 Q=65m3/h，H=28m，P=7.5kW，n=295197、0r/min(8) 多级离心水泵：DG12-50X10二台。用于增湿塔喷水(一用一备)。Q=12.5m3/h，H=500m， P=55kW，n=2950r/min DG25-50X10二台。用于增湿塔喷水(一用一备)。Q=25m3/h，H=450m， P=75kW，n=2950r/min(9) 水处理设备：反应池JFB-150一台，Q=150m3/h。 沉淀池SCD-150一台，Q=150m3/h。 气浮移动罩滤池QZY-150一台，Q=150m3/h。(10) 冷却塔：5BND-200二台，Q=200m3/h，P=4kW(11) 钢制重力式无阀过滤器：GLG60I（2）-1700一台，Q=6198、0m3/h12静电水垢控制器：ESC-100-B三台，Q=100m3/h(12) 二氧化氯发生器：KW II-5二套，产气量：100g/h。(13) 污水深度处理装置: 一套，Q=10m3/h。3.7 建筑3.7.1 设计原则建筑设计将严格遵照国家现行的建筑设计规范、标准，尽量采用新技术，新材料和先进可靠的建筑构造。在建筑形象上充分考虑建筑的总体性和地方性，力求布局合理，造型美观，色彩协调，努力创造既有时代感又有地方特色的工业建筑群的新形象。3.7.2 总体构思 根据本项目总体布局，功能分区明确等特点，设计将充分利用建设场地的自然地貌和气候特征，巧妙地运用建筑设计手法，使每个建筑物都具有良好的199、朝向及采光。同时充分利用建筑物之间的空地，加强绿化措施，种植长青植物，形成立体的绿色屏障，为职工工作生活营造一个优美的室外环境。3.7.3 环境设计考虑到当地气温及气候特点，在建筑色彩方面采用浅淡色调，局部利用明快的暖色加以点缀。厂区结合总图布置，在主要出入口和主要干道两旁，设置花池，花台及绿化带，改善厂区环境。3.7.4 建筑构造及做法(1) 屋面：一般生产车间屋面排水均为无组织排水，现浇钢筋混凝土屋面坡度为3%，压型钢板屋面坡度为10%。屋面防水为现浇钢筋混凝土屋面粉20mm厚1：2防水砂浆。辅助建筑屋面为SBS改性沥青防水卷材屋面。其屋面隔热采用架空隔热板及吊顶两种形式。(2) 楼地面一200、般生产车间为20混凝土地面，楼面为钢筋混凝土随捣随光。中控室，值班室楼地面采用地砖或其它材料。生产车间室内外高差为150mm，辅助车间室内外高差见单体设计。(3) 墙体及粉刷一般生产车间内外墙均采用240mm厚粘土多孔砖墙，需围护的皮带廊采用压型钢板。钢筋混凝土框架结构中采用非承重粘土多孔砖墙，其余采用承重的粘土多孔砖墙。 一般车间及辅助建筑外墙均刷外墙涂料，内墙面喷（刷）石灰浆或乳胶漆，办公室，值班室，煤磨车间，配电室，控制室等内墙做水泥砂浆粉刷，刷涂料，有特殊要求或标准较高的建筑可采用面砖等材料。 一般车间顶棚为喷白，中控室顶棚为轻钢龙骨防火纸面石膏板。(4) 门窗 一般车间外门窗采用钢门201、窗，辅助建筑外门窗采用塑钢门窗。 一般内门窗采用塑钢门窗。(5) 楼梯、栏杆 除煤粉制备，电气室，办公楼等为钢筋混凝土楼梯外，一般生产车间均采用钢梯。平台栏杆一般采用钢栏杆。(6) 地沟，地坑一般采用20级配密实性防水混凝土，抗渗标号不小于S6，接逢处采用双层固定式钢板止水带。当深度大于800mm或有特殊防水要求时，选用钢筋混凝土地沟。3.8 结构3.8.1 基础设计本工程一般车间基础可采用天然地基做独立基础、条基或整板基础，尽量浅埋，荷重很大的车间（如窑尾、生料储库等），做一般基础有困难时，可考虑采用桩基（进行多种方案的技术和经济比较，选择最合理的地基处理方案）。3.8.2 一般车间结构型式202、(1) 窑头、煤磨等一般多层厂房建筑采用钢筋混凝土框架结构。(2) 窑尾采用钢筋混凝土柱钢结构。(3) 窑墩采用空心或大块式钢筋混凝土礅。(4) 储库采用钢筋混凝土筒库。(5) 单层厂房采用钢筋混凝土排架结构。(6) 地坑、地沟和地下通廊，采用集料级配密实防水混凝土。(7) 皮带输送廊，高度小于6m时，采用钢筋混凝土结构；高度大于6m时，针对不同的高度和跨度，采用1836m的下沉式钢桁架。3.8.3 地震本项目建厂地区基本抗震设防烈度为6度，设计基本地震加速度值为0.05g，工程建构筑物按6度抗震设防。3.9 通风、空调及动力3.9.1 气象资料参考供暖通风设计手册杭州市气象参数：(1) 气温203、 冬季通风室外计算温度： 4 （干球） 夏季通风室外计算温度： 33 （干球） 夏季空气调节室外计算温度： 35.7 （干球） 夏季空气调节室外计算温度： 28.5 （湿球）(2) 相对湿度 最冷月月平均室外计算相对湿度：77% 最热月月平均室外计算相对湿度：80%(3) 风速 冬季平均室外风速： 2.3m/s夏季平均室外风速： 2.2m/s(4) 风向及频率 风向 NNW3.9.2 通风、空调(1) 通风热车间、坑道的通风均将采用通过建筑物的自然通风来排除车间和坑道内的余热。配电站及电气室均采取机械通风方式来排出各室内的余热或进行事故排风。(2) 空气调节车间的化验室、电气室及配料控制室等，204、由于设备对周围环境的温、湿度有一定的要求，设计中将根据具体情况设置空调。3.9.3 动 力根据工艺、自动化设备的用气量、用气压力以及一些设备、阀门对压缩空气的气质要求，本工程拟在窑尾收尘器框架下建压缩空气站一座，压缩空气站内设三台0.7MPa、22m3/min的双螺杆空气压缩机（其中一台备用），并配冷冻干燥装置。从压缩空气站到各用气点的压缩空气管道，将根据各建筑物的情况架空敷设。回转窑点火所用燃料由设于窑头附近供油泵房提供，泵房内选用一台三螺杆油泵，15m3卧式地下油罐一只。4 环境保护4.1 设计依据和标准(1)环境空气质量标准（GB3095-1996）；(2)水泥厂大气污染物排放标准（GB205、4915-1996）； (3)地表水环境质量标准（GB3838-2002）；(4)城市区域环境噪声标准（GB3096-93）；(5)工业企业厂界噪声标准（GB12348-90）；(6)污水综合排放标准（GB8978-1996）。4.2 本工程污染源 本工程拟扩建一条日产4000t水泥熟料生产线。其对周围环境造成影响的主要污染物是粉尘，其次还有NOx、SO2和噪声及废水。4.2.1 粉尘污染 粉尘是水泥厂造成大气污染的主要因素，由于它的排放量大、污染源范围广、其危害也就比较突出。因而粉尘治理是水泥厂环保工作的重点。本工程粉尘总排放量约34kg/h，每天排放的粉尘量约为0.82t。本工程中排放点最206、高的是窑尾烟囱，高度为100m，排尘量14.56kg/h，占整个工程总有组织排放的42%，是环境治理的重点，其它如物料的破碎、粉磨、储存、转运等处均有扬尘产生。4.2.2 气态污染物水泥工厂对周围环境污染的气态污染物有NOx和SO2。SO2主要来源于含硫的煤在回转窑内的燃烧及煅烧熟料时生料带入的硫。由于窑内存在大量的碱性氧化物，大部分SO2将被吸收，带窑外分解炉的水泥回转窑在物料的煅烧过程中对SO2的吸收率为98100，其排放量约为12kg/h。NOx主要产生于水泥窑中燃料的高温煅烧，其形成量与燃烧温度有很大的关系。据资料表明窑外分解生产线的NOx气体浓度在250350ppm之间，本工程按30207、0ppm计，其排放总量约为325kg/h。4.2.3 噪声污染水泥厂产生噪声的设备比较多且噪声值也比较大，是水泥厂中仅次于粉尘对环境的污染物。水泥厂声源及源强如下： 破 碎 机： 98105dB（A）原料磨： 9095dB（A）煤磨： 9095dB（A）空压机： 8590dB（A）高压风机： 95105dB（A）中、低压风机： 9095dB（A）4.2.4 废水污染本工程排放的废水主要是设备冷却水，另外还有少量的化验室废水和生活污水。4.3 本工程中将采取的环保措施4.3.1 粉尘治理为了有效地控制各个扬尘点的粉尘，工艺设计中将尽量采用密闭设备和密闭式的储库、降低物料转运的落差，含尘气体经高效208、除尘设备净化后有组织的排放；各除尘系统包括煤粉制备等所排放的废气中含尘浓度将小于50mg/Nm3，窑头、窑尾排放的废气中含尘浓度将小于30mg/Nm3，除尘器收下的粉尘将回到各自的工艺流程中，没有固体废弃物排出。本生产线共选用高效袋式除尘器16台。 水泥回转窑窑尾排出的废气是水泥厂的主要尘源。窑尾废气量大、温度较高、含尘浓度大。设计时选用高效、耐高温脉冲袋式除尘器，该除尘器最大处理风量900000m3/h，允许进口浓度80g/m3，废气温度150。为了充分利用废气中的余热和降低废气温度，设计采用一部分废气作为烘干物料的热源进入原料磨；另外剩余的废气经增湿塔增湿后同原料磨出来的废气进入除尘器。排209、放的废气粉尘浓度低于30mg/Nm3。烟囱高度100m。 煤粉制备时产生的废气含尘浓度高，为了达标排放，本次设计中选用气箱脉冲袋式除尘器。该除尘设备的允许进口浓度大、除尘效率高、且有防爆功能，处理风量120000m3/h，允许进口浓度600g/m3，废气温度80100。含尘废气经净化后排放，粉尘浓度小于50mg/Nm3。 熟料冷却机排出的废气，温度较高、量也大。设计中选用袋收尘器，该除尘器处理风量620000m3/h，允许进口浓度30g/m3，废气温度200，经除尘器净化后排放的粉尘浓度将小于30mg/Nm3。物料的储存与输送、原料配料站、生料均化、熟料的输送及散装等工艺过程中都设置了脉冲袋式210、除尘器对各点产生的含尘气体进行净化处理，低于50mg/Nm3后排放。全厂的除尘设施汇总表详见表4-1。4.3.2 气态污染物（NOx、SO2）的预防水泥熟料的煅烧过程中，气态污染物（NOx、SO2）的产生是不可避免的，NOx的生成量主要与熟料的煅烧温度有着非常重要的关系，在设计时将采用新型的燃烧器、和50%60左右的煤粉在分解炉内煅烧的新工艺来降低NOx的排放浓度；SO2在水泥熟料煅烧的过程中易被吸收，其吸收率在98100，窑尾烟囱排放的浓度远小于标准的要求。4.3.3 无组织排放水泥厂粉尘无组织排放产生于原、燃料的装卸及露天堆场。本工程石灰石、砂岩、硫酸渣、煤等原、燃料均堆放于密闭厂房内，生211、产中将进行适量洒水以控制扬尘。4.3.4 噪声治理由于水泥厂中产生噪声的设备比较多，并且声级也比较高，因此在设计时将采取以下措施对噪声加以控制，使厂界噪声达标。(1) 选用设备时注意选择加工精度高、装配质量好、产生噪声低的设备；本项目原料磨、煤磨均采用立磨，运行噪音比较小。(2) 对于磨机等设备运行时振动产生的噪声，将考虑设备基础的隔振、减振。(3) 对于属于空气动力产生噪声的设备，如空压机、风机等，在设计时将在设备的气流通道上加装消音器；罗茨风机等风机尽可能布置在密闭的厂房内、噪音较小。(4) 固定岗位设立隔声值班室。(5) 利用建筑物、构筑物来阻隔声波的传播，其它厂房在有噪音的地方的内墙上212、设有吸音材料，所有的上述措施，将有效地降低环境噪音。4.3.5 污水处理为节约用水，本工程对全厂生活污水及生活废水收集处理后作为中水，经中水泵加压供厂区绿化、道路洒水及部分设备喷水等。二期生活污水及生活废水进入一期污水深度处理及中水回用系统进行处理。 4.3.6 绿化：绿化在防止污染、保护和改善环境方面起着特殊的作用。它具有较好的调温调湿、改善小气候、净化空气、减弱噪声等的功能。设计中将在厂房的周围及道路两旁等凡能绿化的地带均尽量种植以参木、灌木、草坪相协调的品种，加强厂区周围环境的绿化。本工程绿化面积占厂区面积18%。4.3.7 环境管理：防止粉尘的污染是水泥厂环保工作的重点，在生产及除尘设213、施运行正常的情况下，排放的废气含尘浓度可以达到要求的指标，但如果管理不当则可能导致粉尘的超标排放，因此本工程将设专人对生产线的除尘设施进行日常管理。4.3.8 环保投资：本工程的环保投资约占工程总投资8.0%。4.4 结论及建议(1) 本工程选用合格的、高效率的环保设备，使各排放点达到国家标准要求。为确保清洁生产，在窑头、窑尾按照低于30mg/Nm3的排放浓度进行设计，煤粉制备等处按照低于50mg/Nm3的排放浓度进行设计，远远低于100mg/Nm3国家标准要求。(2) 本工程上马后应加强对环保设备管理，避免非正常排放。the main street. The police had a dif214、ficult time, but they were most amused. Jumbo must weigh a few tons, said a policeman afterwards, so it was fortunate that we didnt have to carry him. Of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.Lesson66 Sweet as honey! 像蜜一样甜！The Hatheld Puffin is a m215、odern aero-plane, but its designer, Mr John Wimpenny, is finding it difficult to get it off the ground. The reason for this is that this plane is also a bicycle. Its pilot has to pedal hard to get it into the air. After Mr Wimpenny had the plane built, it was tested thoroughly. In 1961, it was the f216、irst man-powered aircraft to fly half a mile. While being flown by a champion amateur cyclist in 1963, the plane crashed on an airfield. Since then, Mr Wimpenny has had it rebuilt. He has had the length of the wings increased so that they now measure 93 feet-almost as long as those of a Dakota. Many217、 people have shown interest in this new and unusual sport. But though air cyclists may learn how to fly over short distances, and may, eventually, even get across the English Channel, it is doubtful whether they will ever cycle across the Atlantic.Lesson67 Volcanoes 火山Haroun Tazieff the Polish scien218、tist, has spent his life-time studying active volcanoes and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he went to lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. Though he 219、managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he could not stay near the volcano for very long. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time. He waited until the volcano became quiet and he wa220、s able to return two days later. This time, he managed to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive. Lesson68 Persistent 纠缠不休I cr221、ossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me and came running towards me. It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy meeting Bert Dykes. He never has anything to do. No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. I had to think of a 222、way of preventing him from following me around all morning.Hullo, Bert, I said. Fancy meeting you here !Hullo, Elizabeth, Bert answered. I was just wondering how to spend the morning-until I saw you. Youre not busy doing anything, are you ? No, not at all, I answered. Im going to. .Would you mind my223、 coming with you ? he asked, before I had finished speaking. Not at all, I lied, but Im going to the dentist. Then Ill come with you, he answered. Theres always plenty to read in the waiting room !lesson69 But not murder! 并非谋杀！I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. I had been a224、sked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successfully. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, Just one mo225、re thing, Mr Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenly crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, I want the car to be stopped immediately. I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to226、 react. I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we were both thrown forward. The examiner looked at me sadly. Mr Eames, he said, in a mournful voice, you have just killed that child ! lesson70 Red for danger 危险的红色During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. The crow227、d began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the danger. The bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. Apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. 228、The crowd suddenly grew quiet. The drunk, however, seemed quite sure of himself. When the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. By this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to sa229、fety. Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, for it looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador.Lesson71 A famous clock 一个著名的大钟When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which ca230、n be heard all over the world on the B.B.C. If the Houses of Parliament had hot been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. I231、t is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurate as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, howe232、ver, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down ! Lesson72 A car called Bluebird “蓝鸟”汽车The great racing driver, Sir Malcolm Campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour. He set up a new233、 world record in September 1935 at Bonneville Salt Flats, Utah. Bluebird, the car he was driving, had been specially built for him. It was over 30 feet in length and had a 2500 horse-power engine. Although Campbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour, he had great difficulty in controlling th234、e car because a tyre burst during the first run. After his attempt, Campbell was disappointed to learn that his average speed had been 299 miles per hour. However, a few days later, he was told that a mistake had been made. His average speed had been 301 miles per hour. Since that time, racing drive235、rs have reached speeds of over 400 miles an hour. Following his fathers footsteps many years later, Sir Malcolms son, Donald, also set up a world record. Like his father, he was driving a car called Bluebird.Lesson73 The record-holder 纪录保持者Little boys who play truant from school are unimaginative. A236、 quiet days fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get. They have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1600 miles. He hitch- hiked to Dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to slee237、p. When he woke up next morning, he discovered that the boat had, in the meantime, travelled to Calais. No one noticed the boy as he crept off. From there, he hitch-hiked to Paris in a lorry. The driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. The next car the 238、boy stopped did not take him into the centre of Paris as he hoped it would, but to Perpignan on the French-Spanish border. There he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities. He has surely set up a record for the thousands of boys who dream of evading school.Less239、on74 Out of the limelight 舞台之外An ancient bus stopped by a dry river bed and a party of famous actors and actresses got off. Dressed in dark glasses and old clothes, they had taken special precautions so that no one should recognize them. But as they soon discovered, disguises can sometimes be too pe240、rfect.This is a wonderful place for a picnic, said Gloria Gleam. It couldnt be better, Gloria, Brinksley Meers agreed. No newspaper men, no film fans! Why dont we come more often ? Meanwhile, two other actors, Rockwall Slinger and Merlin Greeves, had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot un241、der some trees. When they had all made themselves comfortable, a stranger appeared. He looked very angry. Now you gut out of here, all of you! he shouted: Im sheriff here. Do you see that notice ? It says No Camping-in case you cant read ! Look, sheriff, said Rockwall, dont be too hard on us. Im Roc242、kwall Slinger and this is Merlin Greeves. Oh, is it ? said the sheriff with a sneer. Well, Im Brinksley Meers, and my other name is Gloria Gleam. Now you get out of here fast !lesson75 SOS 呼救信号When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was k243、illed. The only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were unhurt. It was the middle of winter. Snow lay thick on the ground. The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. When it grew dark. she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with244、 all the clothes she could find. During the night, it got terribly cold. The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. Early ,next morning she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. Then she had245、 an idea. She stamped out the letters SOS in the snow. Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.Lesson76 April Fools Day 愚人节To end our special news bulletin246、, said the voice of the television announcer, we are taking you to the macaroni fields of Calabria. Macaroni has been grown in this area for over six hundred years. Two of the leading growers, Giuseppe Moldova and Ricardo Brabante, tell me that they have been expecting a splendid crop this year and 247、harvesting has begun earlier than usual. Here you can see two workers who, between them, have just finished cutting three cart-loads of golden brownmacaroni stalks. The whole village has been working day and night gathering and threshing this years crop before the September rains. On the right, you 248、can see Mrs Brabante herself. She has been helping her husband for thirty years now. Mrs Brabante is talking to the manager of the local factory where the crop is processed. This last scene shows you what will happen at the end of the harvest : the famous Calabrian macaroni-eating competition ! Sign249、or Fratelli, the present champion, has won it every year since 1961. And that ends our special bulletin for today, Thursday, April 1st. We are now returning you to the studio.Lesson77 A successful operation 一例成功的手术The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation. The mum250、my is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes. As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. The only way to do this was to operate. The operation, which lasted for over four 251、hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin. The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. They also found something which the X-ray of the god Duamutef. This god which has the head of a cow was normally placedinside a mummy. The doct252、ors have not yet decided how the woman died. They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. The mummy successfully survived the operation. Lesson78 The last one? 最后一枝吗？After reading an article entitled Cigarette Smoking and Your Health I253、 lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. I smoked with concentration and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last cigarette. For a whole week I did not smoke at all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly. I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an eno254、rmous appetite. My friends kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. After seven days of this I went to a party. Everybody around me was smoking and I felt extremely uncomfortable. When my old friend 255、Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear. I took one guiltily, lit it and smoked with satisfaction. My wife was delighted that things had returned to normal once more. Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. He himself has don256、e it lots of times! Lesson79 By air 乘飞机I used to travel by air a great deal when I was a boy. My parents, used to live in South America and I used to fly there from Europe in the holidays. An airhostess would take charge of me and I never had an unpleasant experience. I am used to travelling by air 257、and only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened. After taking off, we were flying low over the city and slowly gaining height, when the plane suddenly turned round and flew back to the airport. While we were waiting to land, an air-hostess told us to keep calm and to get off the plane quietly a258、s soon as it had touched down. Everybody on board was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened. Later we learnt that there was a very important person on board. The police had been told that a bomb had been planted on the plane. After we had landed, the plane was searched thoroughly259、. Fortunately, nothing was found and five hours later we were able to take off again.Lesson80 The Crystal Palace 水晶宫Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the Crystal Palace, which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851. The Crystal Palace was differen260、t from all other buildings in the world, for it was made of iron and glass. It was one of the biggest buildings of all time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it. A great many goods were sent to the exhibition from various parts of the world. There was also a great deal of machinery261、 on display. The most wonderful piece of machinery on show was Nasmyths steam hammer. Though in those days, travelling was not as easy as it is today, steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the Channel from Europe. On arriving in England, they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train. The262、re were six million visitors in all, and the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums 表4-1 浙江富阳水泥有限公司二线4000t/d熟料生产线除尘设施一览表 序号系 统 名 称风量（m3/h）温度（）除 尘 器粉尘浓度(g/Nm3)排放量烟囱(m)班制备 注型式台 进口 出口kg/hkg/d直径高度1石灰石破碎及输送270001常温袋式除尘器1200.050.9923.810.8015一2石灰石预均化堆场及输送43001常温袋式除尘器1200.050.163.840.3025三3263、砂岩、页岩破碎及输送80501常温袋式除尘器1200.050.304.740.4010二4硫酸渣、砂岩均化堆场40001常温袋式除尘器1200.050.143.460.3010三5原料配料站及输送89302常温袋式除尘器2200.050.6615.740.4520三6原料粉磨及废气处理9000001150袋式除尘器1800.0314.56349.444.20100三NOx=325kg/h SO2=12kg/h60001常温袋式除尘器1300.050.225.180.3530三7生料均化库及生料入窑22250160袋式除尘器1300.050.7317.470.7515三11160160袋式除尘器264、1200.050.378.830.6010三8烧成窑头6200001200袋式除尘器1300.0310.74257.763.6040三9熟料储存及输送11160360袋式除尘器3200.051.1026.300.6010三20000160袋式除尘器1200.050.6615.740.7040三10煤粉制备120000180袋式除尘器16000.053.7189.091.8021三合 计1634.34821.477the main street. The police had a difficult time, but they were most amused. Jumbo must weig265、h a few tons, said a policeman afterwards, so it was fortunate that we didnt have to carry him. Of course, we should arrest him, but as he has a good record, we shall let him off this time.Lesson66 Sweet as honey! 像蜜一样甜！The Hatheld Puffin is a modern aero-plane, but its designer, Mr John Wimpenny, i266、s finding it difficult to get it off the ground. The reason for this is that this plane is also a bicycle. Its pilot has to pedal hard to get it into the air. After Mr Wimpenny had the plane built, it was tested thoroughly. In 1961, it was the first man-powered aircraft to fly half a mile. While bei267、ng flown by a champion amateur cyclist in 1963, the plane crashed on an airfield. Since then, Mr Wimpenny has had it rebuilt. He has had the length of the wings increased so that they now measure 93 feet-almost as long as those of a Dakota. Many people have shown interest in this new and unusual spo268、rt. But though air cyclists may learn how to fly over short distances, and may, eventually, even get across the English Channel, it is doubtful whether they will ever cycle across the Atlantic.Lesson67 Volcanoes 火山Haroun Tazieff the Polish scientist, has spent his life-time studying active volcanoes269、 and deep caves in all parts of the world. In 1948, he went to lake Kivu in the Congo to observe a new volcano which he later named Kituro. Tazieff was able to set up his camp very close to the volcano while it was erupting violently. Though he managed to take a number of brilliant photographs, he c270、ould not stay near the volcano for very long. He noticed that a river of liquid rock was coming towards him. It threatened to surround him completely, but Tazieff managed to escape just in time. He waited until the volcano became quiet and he was able to return two days later. This time, he managed 271、to climb into the mouth of Kituro so that he could take photographs and measure temperatures. Tazieff has often risked his life in this way. He has been able to tell us more about active volcanoes than any man alive. Lesson68 Persistent 纠缠不休I crossed the street to avoid meeting him, but he saw me an272、d came running towards me. It was no use pretending that I had not seen him, so I waved to him. I never enjoy meeting Bert Dykes. He never has anything to do. No matter how busy you are, he always insists on coming with you. I had to think of a way of preventing him from following me around all morn273、ing.Hullo, Bert, I said. Fancy meeting you here !Hullo, Elizabeth, Bert answered. I was just wondering how to spend the morning-until I saw you. Youre not busy doing anything, are you ? No, not at all, I answered. Im going to. .Would you mind my coming with you ? he asked, before I had finished spea274、king. Not at all, I lied, but Im going to the dentist. Then Ill come with you, he answered. Theres always plenty to read in the waiting room !lesson69 But not murder! 并非谋杀！I was being tested for a driving licence for the third time. I had been asked to drive in heavy traffic and had done so successf275、ully. After having been instructed to drive out of town, I began to acquire confidence. Sure that I had passed, I was almost beginning to enjoy my test. The examiner must have been pleased with my performance, for he smiled and said, Just one more thing, Mr Eames. Let us suppose that a child suddenl276、y crosses the road in front of you. As soon as I tap on the window, I want the car to be stopped immediately. I continued driving and after some time, the examiner tapped loudly. Though the sound could be heard clearly, it took me a long time to react. I suddenly pressed the brake pedal hard and we 277、were both thrown forward. The examiner looked at me sadly. Mr Eames, he said, in a mournful voice, you have just killed that child ! lesson70 Red for danger 危险的红色During a bullfight, a drunk suddenly wandered into the middle of the ring. The crowd began to shout, but the drunk was unaware of the dang278、er. The bull was busy with the matador at the time, but it suddenly caught sight of the drunk who was shouting rude remarks and waving a red cap. Apparently sensitive to criticism, the bull forgot all about the matador and charged at the drunk. The crowd suddenly grew quiet. The drunk, however, seem279、ed quite sure of himself. When the bull got close to him, he clumsily stepped aside to let it pass. The crowd broke into cheers and the drunk bowed. By this time, however, three men had come into the ring and they quickly dragged the drunk to safety. Even the bull seemed to feel sorry for him, for i280、t looked on sympathetically until the drunk was out of the way before once more turning its attention to the matador.Lesson71 A famous clock 一个著名的大钟When you visit London, one of the first things you will see is Big Ben, the famous clock which can be heard all over the world on the B.B.C. If the Hous281、es of Parliament had hot been burned down in 1834, the great clock would never have been erected. Big Ben takes its name from Sir Benjamin Hall who was responsible for the making of the clock when the new Houses of Parliament were being built. It is not only of immense size, but is extremely accurat282、e as well. Officials from Greenwich Observatory have the clock checked twice a day. On the B.B.C. you can hear the clock when it is actually striking because microphones are connected to the clock tower. Big Ben has rarely gone wrong. Once, however, it failed to give the correct time. A painter who 283、had been working on the tower hung a pot of paint on one of the hands and slowed it down ! Lesson72 A car called Bluebird “蓝鸟”汽车The great racing driver, Sir Malcolm Campbell, was the first man to drive at over 300 miles per hour. He set up a new world record in September 1935 at Bonneville Salt Flat284、s, Utah. Bluebird, the car he was driving, had been specially built for him. It was over 30 feet in length and had a 2500 horse-power engine. Although Campbell reached a speed of over 304 miles per hour, he had great difficulty in controlling the car because a tyre burst during the first run. After 285、his attempt, Campbell was disappointed to learn that his average speed had been 299 miles per hour. However, a few days later, he was told that a mistake had been made. His average speed had been 301 miles per hour. Since that time, racing drivers have reached speeds of over 400 miles an hour. Follo286、wing his fathers footsteps many years later, Sir Malcolms son, Donald, also set up a world record. Like his father, he was driving a car called Bluebird.Lesson73 The record-holder 纪录保持者Little boys who play truant from school are unimaginative. A quiet days fishing, or eight hours in a cinema seeing 287、the same film over and over again, is usually as far as they get. They have all been put to shame by a boy who, while playing truant, travelled 1600 miles. He hitch- hiked to Dover and, towards evening, went into a boat to find somewhere to sleep. When he woke up next morning, he discovered that the288、 boat had, in the meantime, travelled to Calais. No one noticed the boy as he crept off. From there, he hitch-hiked to Paris in a lorry. The driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of Paris a289、s he hoped it would, but to Perpignan on the French-Spanish border. There he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities. He has surely set up a record for the thousands of boys who dream of evading school.Lesson74 Out of the limelight 舞台之外An ancient bus stopped by a dry river bed and a party of famous actors and actresses got off. Dressed in dark glasses and old clothes, they had taken special precautions so that no one should recognize them. But as they soon discovered, di