1、CONSTRUCTION METHOD OF SUBSOIL & EARTHWORK Prepared For: STATE OF KUWAITKUWAIT UNIVERSITY CONSTRUCTION PROGRAMConstruction and Maintenance of College of Business and College for WomenPrepared by: Wu Chen Name: Approved by: Name: Sinohydro Corporation Limited Al Hani Construction & Trading Co.CATALOG2、UE1.INTRODUCTION11.1LOCAL CONDITIONS & REGIONAL GEOLOGY1Natural Setting and Climate1Regional Geology11.2GENERAL SITUATION OF PROJECT22EARTHWORK (Particular Specifications SECTION 02200)22.1SOIL CONDITIONS2College of Business2College of Women22.2EXCAVATION2General Condition for Excavation2Work Amount3、3Schedule for Excavation Execute3Procedure for Excavation Execution3Storage & Usage for Soil4Construction Flow Table for Excavation42.3FILLING & COMPACTING4General Condition for Filling & Compacting4Work Amount4Filling & Compactions Executions and Requirements5Construction Flow Table for Filling & C4、ompacting52.4Reference Standards & Testing53DEWATERING (Particular Specifications SECTION 02201)64EARTHWORK SUPPORT (Particular Specifications SECTION 02250)65TERMITE CONTROL (Particular Specifications SECTION 02365)66SAFETY CONTROL67QUALITY CONTROL78TABLE OF EQUIPMENTS & MANPOWER (Table 1 & 2)7Atta5、ched Sketch 19Attached Sketch 210Attached Sketch 311Attached Sketch 412Attached Sketch 5131. INTRODUCTION1.1 LOCAL CONDITIONS & REGIONAL GEOLOGY1.1.1 Natural Setting and ClimateThe State of Kuwait is situated at the northeastern corner of the Arabian Peninsula. It comprises an area of approximately 6、17,800 km2 extending between latitudes 28030 and 30005 N and longitudes 46033 and 48030 E.Kuwait is characterized by the predominance of a hot and dry climate. The summer in Kuwait is very hot especially in July and August. The mean temperature during this period varies between 30 and 50. Winter is 7、rather cool especially in January with mean temperature is 12.Rainfall in Kuwait is scanty, totaling approximately 110 mm per year. Another most prevailing climatological characteristic in Kuwait is the frequent dust-storm. The contribution of dust sedimentation of northwestern part of the Arabian G8、ulf is found to be 1 mm per year. The same thickness of deposition is assumed to be taking place throughout the coastal areas of Kuwait.Pronounced variations in humidity is another common climatological phenomenon in Kuwait. Relative humidity varies from 60.9% in January to 21.5% in June. On the oth9、er hand, evaporation is very high and is variable within location and seasons. The mean amount of evaporation is 10.3 mm per day.1.1.2 Regional GeologyKuwait lies on the eastern edge of the deep sedimentary basin that forms the Arabian Peninsula, and is underlain by a considerable thickness of sedim10、entary rocks. In the south of Kuwait, relatively young deposits of the Dibdibba formation (Upper Miocene to Pleistocene Epochs, approximately 2 to 10 million years old) outcrop at the surface. These deposits are underlain at depth by the Dammam formation (Upper Eocene Epoch, approximately 38 to 42 m11、illion years old). The normally intervening deposits of the fars formation are absent except in Northern Kuwait.The Dibdibba formation typically consists of siliceous sands and gravels, with varying amounts of silt and some thin clay and gypsum bands. Cementation is only partial and relatively poor,12、 consisting of calcium carbonate and gypsum. In South Kuwait the recent deposits overlying the Dibdibba formation consists chiefly of the windblown sand forming sheets and low dune structures. Adjacent to the shoreline calcareous deposits are locally present generally consisting of oolitic and biocl13、astic sands.The low seasonal rainfall mostly evaporates or percolates into the ground, therefore, little runoff ends to the sea. The influence of evaporation predominates, and the general movement of groundwater is upward. This leads to high concentrations of soluble material near the ground surface14、 generally calcium carbonate, gypsum etc. In North Kuwait gypsum predominates, whereas in the South high concentration of calcium carbonates is encountered near the ground surface.Ref :- J. Al-Sulaimi and A. Mukhopadhyay (2000). “An Overview of the Surface and Near-surface Geology, Geomorphology and15、 Natural Resources of Kuwait”. Earth-Science Reviews 50 (2000).1.2 GENERAL SITUATION OF PROJECTThe scope of main work of the project for Sabah Al - Salem University City - Kuwait University College of Business and College for Women is construction, operation and maintenance for the Mens Campus, the 16、Womens Campus, the Prayer Centre and the Tunnel beneath Landscape between campuses together, and the proprietor is Kuwait Universitys Secretary General. The floor area of project is 67,479 Sq. Meter (included 1,004 Sq. Meter for Tunnel), and the project schedule is 1,222 day (included the dates of p17、reparation for 60 day), dates of maintenance for 730 day.2 EARTHWORK (Particular Specifications SECTION 02200)2.1 SOIL CONDITIONS2.1.1 College of Business Womens Campus The subsurface soil at the location of the Womens Campus building is composed generally of layers of sand with silt and sand with c18、lay with occasional layers of poorly graded sand, silty sand and clayey sand. Mens Campus For the location of the Mens Campus building, the subsurface soil is made up generally of layers of sand with silt and silty sand.2.1.2 College of Women Womens Campus The underlying soils at the Womens Campus s19、ite are composed generally of layers of sand with silt and silty sand with occasional intervening layers of poorly-graded sand, silty/clayey sand and sand with trace of clay. Mens Campus For the Mens Campus site, the subsurface soil is made up generally of layers of sand with silt and silty sand wit20、h occasional layers of poorly-graded sand and well graded sand with silt.2.2 EXCAVATION2.2.1 General Condition for ExcavationThe existing ground level for each area is the top level of the raft, and that is +33.00m for the Mens Campus, +35.00m for the Womens Campus and +35.00m for the Oasis between 21、those. Excavation work of the project is included the excavated for raft and Blinding, excavated for the Tunnel (refer to Attached Sketch 1 & 2). The thickness for raft without foundation is 870mm (750mm raft, 70mm blinding and 50mm protection screen), The respective thickness for the structure foun22、dation of column, wall, elevator shaft, staircase, tank and etc. is 1120mm, 1320mm, 1520mm, 1720mm, 1920mm, 2850mm, 3370mm and so on (thickness of the structure foundation, 70mm blinding and 50mm protection screen). 2.2.2 Work AmountITEMQty.(m)Qty. for Each Part(m)Raft & BlindingExpanded ExcavationM23、ens Campus28,95625,8463,110Womens Campus40,51336,4834,030Tunnel1,561891670Total71,03063,2207,8102.2.3 Schedule for Excavation Execute 1. Excavation ProgramRefer to the project plan program, the schedule for excavation as below:For Womens Campus is from 16th Jun. 2012 to 5th Oct. 2012, for Mens Campu24、s is from 16th Jun. 2012 to 28th Sep. 2012, for Tunnel is from 17th Jan. 2014 to 25th Jan. 2014.2. Sequence and Grouping for ExcavationRefer to the approved construction sequence plan of raft & foundation, we organize construction and provide next process as follow for each intact zone in time. Refe25、r to the project plan program for grouping of raft construction, the scene is divided into 4 groups of the Womens Campus and the Mens Campus for excavation, namely the Mens Campus Group A, the Mens Campus Group B, the Womens Campus Group A, the Womens Campus Group B. Underground excavation are not g26、roup at temporary. The sequence of excavation is according to the Attached Sketch 4 & 5.2.2.4 Procedure for Excavation Executiona. Before excavation, the surveyor survey terrain of the site, compile the report of survey and the drawing of terrain in the site (drawing scale 1:500). And submit these t27、o Engineer to record data and keep in the archives;b. When excavation, setting out at first. The 870mm of thickness for raft (keep 100mm to protect subsoil) is excavated by excavator or bulldozer, and carry out the soil by dumper. The limited line of excavation is not exceed less than 2 meter from o28、utside of building that provided the space for the follow up works. The side slope is 1:2 and it can changed to provide the side stable after according to the actually situation in the site;c. After excavate of raft, setting out again. The grader strip the protection layer about 100mm thickness, the29、 loader load operation and the dumper carry out the soil;d. After survey setting out the layout of structure foundation, it is going on excavate for the structure foundation of column, wall, elevator shaft, staircase, tank and so on (Refer to the Attached Sketch 3). The small foundation is excavate 30、by JCB, the loader load operation, the dumper carry out soil;e. The side slope for single foundation is 1:1 and finished by manual work, the side slope for the intersection of the structure foundation is refer to the approved shop drawing. The subsoil is compacted by vibrating roller or plate compac31、tor and the degree of compaction is not less than 95% (ASTM-1557).2.2.5 Storage & Usage for SoilThe soil is loaded, transported and stored to the Engineer directed position. According to the average high for 4 meter and coefficient of volumetric expansion for 1.6, it is calculated about 28,412 Sq. M32、eter for storage area. The material is used for backfilling as follow up works.2.2.6 Construction Flow Table for ExcavationPrepared for EnterpriseSetting out by SurveySetting out by SurveyExcavation for Structure FoundationCarry out of SoilCompaction for the SubsoilCompaction for the Subsoil of Stru33、cture FoundationExcavation for RaftCarry out of SoilCarry out of Soil2.3 FILLING & COMPACTING2.3.1 General Condition for Filling & CompactingThe filling work is started from outside of the retaining wall of building (around basement up to required level), the filling level is from the level below th34、e raft to the bottom of Landscape and Oasis in ground level (the detail level is refer to the detail drawing of Landscape & Oasis Site Detail for each structure). The main work area for filling is included the Mens Campus, the Womens Campus and the Tunnel beneath the Oasis connected the campuses.2.335、.2 Work AmountITEMQty.(m)Qty. for Each Part(m)Outside of Retaining WallBelow the Landscape & OasisMens Campus22525178504675Womens Campus411202500016120Tunnel40004000-Total6764546850207952.3.3 Filling & Compactions Executions and Requirementsa. The Filling and Compacting Works around basement up to r36、equired level is started after the Masonry Works outside of the retaining wall finished, and the another is started after the filter fabric above the top slab of basement finished;b. The materials for fill and backfill (the materials for fill in depressed area of sub-station is excluded) shall be as37、 herein-before specified, obtained from the required excavation on site (shall be approved by the Engineers Representative prior to use) or from borrow sources;c. Placing fill materials in horizontal loose layers in such manner as to produce a uniform thickness of material. Placement shall start in 38、the deepest area and progress approximately parallel to the finished grade. Thickness of layers before compacting shall be refer to the opinion from Engineer and Technology Specification;d. Compact each layer of fill with equipment to achieve the following percentages of maximum density at optimum m39、oisture when tested in accordance with ASTM D 1557 as follow:LOCATION% MAX.DENSITYUnder Paved Areas & Kerbs95Under Slabs on Grade98General Grading902.3.4 Construction Flow Table for Filling & CompactingPrepared for EnterpriseCharging, sharing around basement for each layerCompactingCharging, sharing40、 below the Landscape & OasisCompacting for each layer2.4 Reference Standards & TestingThe main testing for earthwork in project is included two parts of Testing of Materials and Testing of Sub-grade and Fill layers. All the reference standards in the table as follow:Standard No.ContentASTM D422/AASH41、TO T88Mechanical AnalysisASTM D4318/AASHTO T90Plasticity Index DeterminationASTM D698Standard Test Method for Laboratory CompactionASTM D1556Standard Test Method for Density of Soil in Place by the Sand-Cone MethodASTM D1557Moisture-Density Curve DeterminationASTM D2167Standard Test Method for Densi42、ty and Unit Weight of Soil in Place by the Rubber Balloon MethodASTM D2922Standard Test Method for Density of Soil and Soil-Aggregate in Place by Nuclear Methods3 DEWATERING (Particular Specifications SECTION 02201)With refer to the Subsurface Investigation from tender by INCO LAB, we will know that43、 the ground water level is below about 34 meter from the deepest foundation subsoil of the College of Business and 78 meter from the deepest foundation subsoil of the College of Women. Also according to the actually situation in the site and the form type for the foundation, this is not arranged the44、 well and trench to dewatering.4 EARTHWORK SUPPORT (Particular Specifications SECTION 02250)With refer to the actually situation and technology specification, when excavation and filling works is going on that just keep care about the side slope is stable to provide the work as follow to finished.5 45、TERMITE CONTROL (Particular Specifications SECTION 02365)With refer to the detail method from profession subcontract.6 SAFETY CONTROLa. All the works that included work inside site, temporary road layout, transport, piling up, caution and etc. need to comply with the approved safety plan;b. The widt46、h of the temporary road in site is not less than 5 meter, and compacted to keep leveling; the width of the transport road out site is not less than 6 meter, and compacted to keep leveling before operation. All the road shall be maintain in time, keep fine condition and setting up deceleration strip;47、c. This is setting up the necessary isolated measures in construction area, the irrelevant construction personnel shall not be allowed inside, and the related construction personnel must wear necessary safety equipages before inside the construction area;d. When excavation at the position of the fou48、ndation for column, wall, elevator shaft, staircase and so on, the personnel must get down and up by the exclusive use ladders and steps;e. Setting up enough warning board and direction board is according to the actually situation in the site. The warning board for safe operation inside site, safety49、 protection notice, safety notice for piling up area etc. and the direction board for construction area, transport road etc. shall be clearly, striking, definitely and visually.7 QUALITY CONTROLa. All the work procedures shall be strictly executed refer to the approved QC Plan, and contented the req50、uirements from the documents about tenders and technology specifications;b. Setting out shall be strictly followed the excavation work procedure, and emphasized the control in process. Also it should be replenished in time after change and broken in process.c. Strictly control excavation to the desi51、gn level, the survey must follow it to check in process. When excavation at the foundation of column, wall, elevator shaft, staircase and so on, it should be excavated by the small size equipment and manual work;d. When the thickness for excavation is more than design too much, it shall be backfilli52、ng by layer and layer and the thickness for each layer is not exceeded 300mm, the compaction is not less than 98%(ASTM-1557).After it is qualified to follow up works;e. Protected the finished area that pour the blinding concrete in time after the acceptance check qualified.8 TABLE OF EQUIPMENTS & MA53、NPOWER (Table 1 & 2)Table 1: The List of EquipmentsS.NoITEMMODELUNITQTY.REMARKS1excavatorHitachi EX200Set4Owned2loaderCLG 856Set2Owned3dumperSteyr & LeaseholdSet16Owned 10& Leasehold 64jcbCATSet2Leasehold5graderXCG JR215Set2Owned6hand guided vibrating rollerPDR600Set4Owned7vibrating plate compactorR54、obinSet8Owned8watercartSteyrSet2Owned9BulldozerShantui SB32Set2OwnedTable 2 The List of ManpowerS.NoPROFESSIONQTY.REMARKS1Operator of Excavator4Recruitment2Operator of Loader2Recruitment3Operator of Bulldozer2Recruitment4Operator of JCB2Follow leasehold equipment5Diver16Recruitment and 6 follow leasehold equipment6Diver for Watercart2Recruitment7Safety Personnel2Recruitment8Surveyor2Owned and Recruitment9Labour4Recruitment10Management Personnel4Owned and Recruitment11Total40Attached Sketch 1 Attached Sketch 2Attached Sketch 3Attached Sketch 4Attached Sketch 5