1、宁波工程学院 2014-2015 学年第 2 学期班级： 姓名： 学号： 外国建筑史(古代)课程阶段测试试卷题 号一二三四五六七总分复核人应得分502030100实得分评卷人本试卷适用班级：建筑学121、122考试时间为：2个小时备注：闭卷，可携带一本英文字典一、 Fill in the blanks（2 points for each question）1、During the Old Kingdom, the first pyramid-shaped tomb known as the Pyramid of King Zoser was built at Saqqara. This pyr2、amid was actually not a pyramid, but a step-pyramid made from a series of mastabas placed one on top of another. It was built under the direction of the architect. Imohtep - considered by many historians to be the first known architect of western history. 2、Temple of Amun at Karnak, New Kingdom,15003、BC was the largest Egyptian temple ever built . Construction started at 1500BC and was added on to by many Kings over a period of 1000 years. 3、Temple of Rameses II, New Kingdom, 1250BC was built far up the Nile River Valley at Abu Simbel. It is significant partly because of its monumental size and 4、partly because of its giant entrance sculpture. 4 、The Great Pyramid, the largest pyramid erected at Giza, was constructed for King Cheops around 2400 B.C. The Kings Chamber, where the sarcophagus stands, is a darker shade in five of the sections. 5、An ancient region of southwest Asia between the Ti5、gris and Euphrates rivers in modern-day Iraq. Probably settled before 5000 B.C., the area was the home of numerous early civilizations, including Sumer, Akkad, Babylonia, and Assyria.6、The Ziggurat at Ur was one of the most impressive structures of the time, and remains of it are still extant at Tal6、l al Muqayyar in Iraq, about 42 kilometers south of Babylon. Some reconstructiondrawings show it as a freestanding object similar to an Egyptian pyramid 7、The Egyptians were the first to develop the column as more than just a load-bearing deviceit had symbolic importance. The most common plant theme7、s for columns were the palm, the lotus, and the papyrus.8、Mycenaean power rose on the Greek mainland by 1500 BC. The CITADEL of TIRYNS, built 1250BC in the city of Tiryns a few miles from Mycenae, had extremely heavy defensive walls. The massive stone walls of the Citadel of Mycenae was decorated wi8、th sculpture such as the LION GATE built 1300BC.9、Beginning in the late Bronze Age, the kings were buried outside the city in great beehiveor tholostombs, monumental symbols of wealth and power. The one at Mycenae, the Treasury of Atreus, is the most famous and the most finely built.10、PALACE OF KNO9、SSES was built on the island of Crete 1600BC for King Minos during the Minoan Period. No fortifications or buildings for defense were built to protect the palace. 11、The 5 ORDERS in Roman are:CORINTHIAN: similar to Ionic column except capital is very ornate; the capital is decoratedIONIC: slender co10、lumn with a base, a capital with volutes or scroll, usually flutedDORIC: column with no base, with a capital consisting of necking grooves, an echinus and abacus; sometimes fluted - simple, direct, most widely used.TUSCAN simplest form ,with a base but no fluting. 7 times as high as its diameter, de11、rived from the Etruscan temple (Etruscans were people who lived in the area of Roman before the Romans )COMPOSITE originated in Rome ,combination of the Ionic and Corinthian orders most decorative12、In Athens, the THEATRE OF DIONYSIS 450BC was the Prototype of all Greek theatres. Early in Greek hist12、ory, theatres were typically hollowed out of a hill and open to the sky.13、The Romans inventes concrete, it allowed the Romans to build large scale monuments and buildings with open interiors which spanned great distances.14、Vitruvius served under Julius Caesar and wrote a treatise (collection) on a13、rchitecture in 10 books called “De architecture” he described the expressive meaning and expressive meaning and exact proportions of each column order .15、The Colosseum, Rome, Early Empire, 70AD was built as an amphitheater which is like two thester placed stage to stage with the orchestra areas ove14、rlapping to form a central space. The faade was divided into four stories with the column order becoming more refined as the levels went up in the following sequence:Roman Doric (simplest) on the first level. Ionic(ornate) on the second level and Corinthian(very ornate )on the third and forth level.15、16、Bathing was a social ritual in Rome, The Baths of Caracalla (21216 CE) are recognized as the best developed example of the Roman public bath, and the bathing halls were centers of public life. The hall contained not only bathing rooms, but also lecture halls, game areas, libraries, theaters, shop16、s and gardens.二、Answer the questions according to the pictures（10 points for each one）要求：详细描述下图中的建筑，写出你掌握的所有相关知识点，例如名称、建造时间和地点、建筑材料与技术、建筑背景与后世影响等。三、Short Answer Questions（15points for each question）1、Read the following paragraph and answer the questions:Unlike earlier temples with a rectangular cell17、a containing a statue of a god, the building was a vast, empty space, forming a large meeting place for ceremonies and rituals. The idea of a tound temple was not new, but the scale of the Pantheon was never seen before.The plan was circular with the interior height (45m) equal to the interior diame18、ter ( 45m ). The dome was a true hemisphere (half-circular space) on the inside resting on a circular stone wall 21(6m thick) which was designed to buttress (support) the weight and forces of the immense dome. The deep entrance portico was lined with unfluted Corinthian columns and covered with a ma19、rble veneer. The underside of the dome consisted of coffers (recessed rectangles) which led up to the apex(top). The coffers were designed to lighten the load of the dome. At the apex, there was an opening to the sky called an oculus-31 (9m) wide. The unglazed (no glass) oculus lighted the entire bu20、ilding.(1)上述文章中所描述的是哪个建筑？(2)其所在历史时期的主要建筑艺术与技术成就有哪些？2、Read the following paragraph and answer the questions:The stylobate was not a flat plane but rather like a section of a very large sphere; it curved upward toward the middle, rising 41 millimeters on its short sides and 102 millimeters on its long21、 flanks. This curve was carried upward through the entire structure, imparting a subtle upward curvature on the architrave, the cornice, and nearly every “horizontal” line of stone. Every column demonstrated entasis, or a slight bulging of the middle of the columns shaft.Entasis is a countermeasure 22、that corrects for an optical distortion: numerous parallel vertical linesappear slightly concave. The entasis here measured only 20 millimeters of deviation from a straight linemuch more subtle and restrained than the entasis of earlier temples. Moreover, each of the fortysix perimeter columns was tilted slightly inward, with the corner column tilting on a diagonal. If the columns of the short sides were extended upward, they would meet around 4.8 kilometers above the roof.(1)上述文章中所描述的是哪个建筑？(2)该建筑的主要艺术与技术成就有哪些？(3)与之同时期的建筑有哪些共同的特点？