1、Later a neighbour told me about him. Everybody knows him. His name is Percy Buttons. He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.Lesson 7 Too late 为时太晚 The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. They were expecting2、 a valuable parcel of diamond from South Africa. A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiting inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield. Two men took the parcel off 3、the plane and carried it into the Customs House. While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!Lesson 8 The best and the worst 最好的和最差的Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. Nearly 4、everybody enters for The Nicest Garden Competition each year, but Joe wins every time. Bill Friths garden is larger than Joes. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joes garden is more interesting. He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool. I li5、ke gardens too, but I do not like hard work. Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!Lesson 9 A cold welcome 冷遇On Wednesday evening, we went to the Town Hall. It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had g6、athered under the Town Hall clock. It would strike twelve in twenty minutes time. Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped. The big minute hand did not move. We waited and waited, but nothing happened. Suddenly someone shouted, Its two minutes past twelve! The clock has 7、stopped! I looked at my watch. It was true. The big clock refused to welcome the New Year. At that moment everybody began to laugh and sing.Lesson 10 Not for jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐We have an old musical instrument. It is called a clavichord(翼琴). It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the l8、iving-room. It has belong to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the keys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to t9、ouch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来I was having dinner at a restaurant when Harry Steele came in. Harry worked in a lawyers office years ago, but he is now working at a bank. He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his10、 friends and never pays it back. Harry saw me and came and sat at the same table. He has never borrowed money from me. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me &2. To my surprise, he gave me the money immediately. I have never borrowed any money from you, Harry said, so now you can pay for my din11、ner!Lesson 12 Goodbye and good luck 再见，一路顺风Our ncighbour, Captain Charles Alison, will sail from Portsmouth tomorrow. We shall meet him at the harbour early in the morning. He will be in his small boat, Topsail.Tapsail is a famous little boat. It has sailed across the Atlantic many times. Captain Al12、ison will set out at eight oclock so we shall have plenty of time. We shall see his boat and then we shall say good-bye to him. He will be away for two months. We are very proud of him. He will take part in an important race across the Atlantic.Lesson 13 The Greenwood Boys 绿林少年The Greenwood Boys are13、 a group of popular singers. At present, they are visiting all parts of the country. They will be arriving here tomorrow. They will be coming by train and most of the youngpeople in the town will be meeting them at the station. Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the Workers Club. The Greenwood14、 Boys will be staying for five days. During this time, they will give five performances. As usual, the police will have a difficult time. They will be trying to keep order. It is always the same on these occasions.Lesson 14 Do you speak English? 你会讲英语吗？I had an amusing experience last year. After I 15、had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town. On the way, a young man waved to me. I stopped and he asked me for a lift. As soon as he had got into the car, I said good morning to him in French and he replied in the same language. Apart from a few words, I do not know16、 any French at all. Neither of us spoke during the journey. I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, Do you speak English? As I soon learnt, he was English himself!Lesson 15 Good news 佳音 The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. I felt very nervous 17、when. I went into his office. He did not look up from his desk when I entered. After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad. He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large salaries. Twenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had come. Mr. Harmsworth, I said in a wea18、k voice. Dont interrupt, he Said. Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra &100 a year!Lesson 16 A polite request 彬彬有礼的要求If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soon find it. You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. However, this does not always19、 happen. Traffic police are sometimes very polite. During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: Sir, we welcome you to our city. This is a No Parking area. You will enjoy your stay here if you pay attention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder. If you receive a request like 20、this, you cannot fail to obey it!Lesson 17 Always young 青年常驻My aunt Jennifer is an actress. She must be at least thirty-five years old. In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl. Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. This time, she will be a girl of seventeen. In21、 the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress. If anyone ever asked her how old she is, she always answers, My dear, it must be terrible to be grown up!lesson18 He often does this!22、 他经常干这种事！After I had had lunch at a village inn, I looked for my bag. I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasnt there ! As I was looking for it, the inn-keeper came in. Did you have a good meal ? he asked. Yes, thank you, I answered, but I cant pay the bill. I havent got my bag. The 23、inn-keeper smiled and immediately went out. In a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it back to me. Im very sorry, he said My dog had taken it into the garden. He often does this.Lesson19 Sold out 票已售完The play may begin at any moment, I said. It may have begun already, Susan answered.I hurr24、ied to the ticket-office. May I have two tickets please ? I asked.Im sorry, weve sold out, the girl said.What a pity! Susan exclaimed.Just then, a man hurried to the ticket-office.Can I return these two tickets? he asked.Certainly, the girl said.Could I have those two tickets please ? I asked.Certai25、nly, the girl said, but they are for next Wednesdays performance.I might as well have them, I said sadly.Lesson20 One man in a boat 独坐孤舟Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without catching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, t26、hey catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything-not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. You must give up fishing! my friends say. Its a waste of time. But they dont realize one important thing. Im not reall27、y interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all !Lesson21 Mad or not? 是不是疯了？Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. The airport was built during the war, but for some reason it could not b28、e used then. Last year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house will be knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am dete29、rmined to stay here. Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right.Lesson22 A glass envelope 玻璃信封My daughter, Jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in Holland. Last year, we were travelling across the Channel and Jane put a piece of paper with her name and a30、ddress on it into a bottle. She threw the bottle into the sea. She never thought of it again, but ten months later, she received a letter from a girl in Holland. Both girls write to each other regularly now. However, they have decided to use the post-office. Letters will cost a litt1e more, but they31、 will certainly travel faster. Lesson23 A new house 新居I had a letter from my sister yesterday. She lives in Nigeria. In her letter, she said that she would come to England next year. If she comes, she will get a surprise. We are now living in a beautiful new house in the country. Work on it had begu32、n before my sister left. The house was completed five months ago. In my letter, I told her that she could stay with us. The house has many large rooms and there is a lovely garden. It is a very modern house, so it looks strange to some people. It must be the only modern house in the district.Lesson233、4 It could be worse 不幸中之万幸I entered the hotel managers office and sat down. I had just lost &50 and I felt very upset. I left the money in my room, I said, and its not there now. The manager was sympathetic, but he could do nothing. Everyones losing money these days, he said. He started to complain 34、about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door. A girl came in and put an envelope on his desk. It contained &5o. I found this outside this gentlemans room she said. Well, I said to the manager, there is still some honesty in this world !lesson25 Do the English speak English? 英国人35、讲的是英语吗？I arrived in London at last. The railway station was big, black and dark. I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter. I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as well. The porter, however, could not understand me; I repeated my question several times and at last 36、he understood. He answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. I am a foreigner, I said. Then he spoke slowly, but I could not understand him. My teacher never spoke English like that! The porter and I looked at each other and smiled. Then he said something and I understood it. Youll soon l37、earn English! he said. I wonder. In England, each man speaks a different language. The English understand each other, but I dont understand them ! Do they speak English ?lesson26 The best art critics 最佳美术评论家I am an art student and I paint a lot of pictures. Many people pretend that they understand m38、odern art. They always tell you what a picture is about. Of course, many pictures arc not about anything. They are just pretty patterns. We like them in the same way that we like pretty curtain material. I think that young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else. They notic39、e more. My sister is only seven, but she always tells me whether my pictures are good or not. She came into my room yesterday. What are you doing ? she asked. Im hanging this picture on the wall, I answered. Its a new one. Do you like it ? She looked at it critically for a moment. Its all right, she40、 said, but isnt it upside-down ? I looked at it again. She was right! It was!Lesson27 A wet night 雨夜Late in the afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field. As soon as this was done, they cooked a meal over an open fire. They were all hungry and the food smelt good. After a wonder41、ful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the camp fire. But some time later it began to rain. The boys felt tired so they pet out the fire and crept into their tent. Their sleeping-bags were warm and comfortable, so they all slept soundly. In the middle of the night, two boys woke up and began 42、shouting. The tent was full of water! They all leapt out of their sleeping-bags and hurried outside. It was raining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field. The stream wound its way across the field and then flowed right under their tent!Lesson28 No parking 禁止停车Jasper White is o43、ne of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with motorists. when he returns home at night, he always finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to ge44、t his own car into his garage even once. Jasper has put up No Parking signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the ugliest faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was大码头乡1万亩中低产田改造项目可行性研究报告第一章项目概要1.1 项目背景大码头乡是以农业生产为主的45、乡镇，近几年来，由于田间灌排工程不配套，农田灌溉周期长，影响种植结构调整和粮棉产量的提高。为了更好地贯彻落实党在农村的各项政策,解决好三农问题,加快农民的致富步伐,农民迫切需要改善生产条件，提高农产品产量,增加农民经济收入。在项目区内通过配套建设农田水利工程，推广先进的科学技术，发展农业产业化，可显著提高农产品的产量、产值，增加农民收入。该项目区域内，水利配套设施不健全，地势高洼不平，灌溉排水困难，自然发展条件差，地形地貌和土质经开发后易种植棉花等农作物。1.2 项目范围、规模、内容和工期项目区土地总面积1.3万亩,其中耕地面积1.0万亩，该项目区项目区北至高港村通东北坞村柏油路，东、南至寿光46、市界，西至油地共建路。包括大码头乡高港、杨宅2个行政村。项目主要建设内容是疏挖修建沟、渠、路，新建桥、涵、闸等水工建筑物，改善灌排条件，推广农业新技术和优良品种，发展高效农业。计划从2005年4月开始进行初步设计，7月份动工建设，2006年3月底全面竣工。1.3 投资估算和资金筹措项目总投资316万元，其中农田水利223万元，林业建设15万元，农业科技32万元，农业措施31万元,项目管理费5万元。省以上财政扶持199万元, 市财政配套12万元，县财政配套23万元，资金由农民自筹 82万元，。1.4 效益项目建成发挥效益后，可年新增产值292 万元，利润103 万元,项目区农民纯收入增加总额为 47、170万元，项目区农民纯收入人均增加404 元。1.5 组织领导和管理工程会战期间，县、乡建立农业综合开发指挥部，由农开办、农业、水利、财政等部门主要领导为成员，负责全面调度管理工程建设，并搞好质量监督和资金管理，实行分级负责制，确保工程质量和种植结构调整任务的完成。第二章项目区概况2.1自然条件2.1.1 地理位置该项目区位于广饶县大码头乡境内的反修沟两侧， 东、南至寿光市界,西至油地共建路、北至柏油路。东经1183706至1183924，北纬370659至370820。 2.1.2 地形地貌该项目区所在地区地形西高东低，地面高程5.0-6.5米（黄海高程），地面缓平。地貌类型主要有浅平洼地48、微斜平地、河阶地、河圈地四种。2.1.3 水文地质广饶县境内有小清河和支脉河两大水系的12条河流。其中：小清河，全长240公里，境内流长34公里，流域面积585平方公里，防洪流量360立方米/秒，流向自西向东。淄河，旧称淄水，全长141.5公里,境内流长37.8公里,为南北流向。裙带河，境内流长17公里，行洪能力50立方米/秒，南北流向。阳河，境内流长14.6公里，流域面积26平方公里，属季节性河流,南北流向。预备河,境内流长26.5公里,行洪能力81立方米/秒,流向自西向东。支脉河，境内流长48.2公里，流域面积1388平方公里，行洪能力260立方米/秒，流向自西向东。广北新河，系人工河道49、，全长12.4公里，流域面积80平方公里。该项目区紧靠预备河北岸，属预备河流域。广饶县在大地构造上属华北地台，东西向的齐河广饶大断裂带从广饶县境中部穿过。断裂南盘上升，属鲁西台背斜，其上，北北西南南东向的昌乐广饶断层，穿过广饶县城西；断层西盘上升，属鲁西隆断区；东盘下降，属昌潍坳断区。齐河广饶大断裂北盘下降，属辽冀台向斜的济南坳断区。此区又分两个次一级的构造单元，县北部属东营坳陷南坡，中部大营赵嘴一带属广饶凸起。受上述构造格局控制，全县分为三个沉积环境地貌水文地质单元。以石村经颜徐至周庄村为分界线，此线以南为泰沂山北麓山前淄河冲积扇的中尾部，第四系地层较薄，由浅至深均含淡水；此线以北至小清河为50、山前冲积、黄河淤积和海潮侵袭交替作用形成的海陆相沉积，第四系地层较厚，地下水由浅至深为咸淡或淡咸淡水；小清河以北则为黄河淤积平原末端，第四系地层很厚，由浅至中等深度均含咸水。本项目区属于黄河淤积平原。浅层潜水及微承压水含水层分布因受黄河水影响而没有规律，含水层主要为粉细砂，累计厚度一般小于10米，矿化度2-5克/升。中深层承压含水和深层承压含水组：中深层含水组以咸水为主体，深层含水组以淡水为主体。含水层主要由粉细砂、中砂组成，淡水含水层累计厚度20-40米。2.1.4 气候特征广饶县地处北温带，属半湿润季风大陆性气候。气候特点是雨、热同季，大陆性强（大陆度66.4），寒暑交替，四季分明。春季（51、35月）气温回暖快、降水少、风速大，气候干燥。夏季（68月）气温高、湿度大、降水集中、气候湿热。秋季（911月）气温急降、雨量骤减、秋高气爽。冬季（122月）雨雪稀少、寒冷干燥。日照广饶县地处中纬度地带，四季变化分明，平均年日照时数2570.4小时，其中春季726.4小时，太阳实际辐射量39.1千卡/平方厘米；夏季691.8小时，太阳实际辐射量38.8千卡/平方厘米；秋季616.7小时，太阳实际辐射量26.0千卡/平方厘米；冬季535.1小时，太阳实际辐射量19.7千卡/平方厘米。5月份日照时数最长，平均270.3小时，12月份日照时数最短，平均为177.1小时。410月份每天平均实际日照时数52、7小时左右，其中5月份最长，可达89小时。气温年平均气温12.3，季平均气温为：春季12.8，夏季25.5，秋季13.3，冬季2.2。一年之中最冷月是1月份，月平均气温-3.9。日平均气温-5的严寒期年平均26天，最长达49天，最短仅3天。最热月是7月份，月平均气温26.4，30的炎热期年平均4天，最长11天，最短0天。境内极端最高气温达41.9（1968年6月11日），极端最低气温-23.3（1972年1月27日）。0的活动积温是4747.2，5的活动积温是4603.3，10的活动积温4296.8，15的活动积温3679.4，20的活动积温2710。霜期境内常年初霜期出现在10月20日，终霜53、期常年出现在4月27日，霜日常年为69天，初、终间日数168天，无霜期常年197天。冻土冻土多出现在11月至次年3月。境内最大冻土深度58厘米。10厘米解冻日期是3月30日，30厘米冻结日期最早12月30日，最晚1月30日。解冻日期最早是2月3日，最晚是3月4日。降水县境内降水年际变化，年内季节和各月分布不均匀。常年平均为589.9毫米，最大降水量是1142.6毫米（1964年），最小351.7毫米（1965年），降水量年际变化幅度790.9毫米。季节降水不均，春季平均81.7毫米，占全年的14%；夏季380.4毫米，占全年的64%；秋季104.7毫米，占18%；冬季23.1毫米，占4%。0.54、1毫米的降水日数年平均74.2天；5毫米的降水日数年平均26天；10毫米的降水日数年平均15.9天；25毫米的降水日数年平均6.0天，100毫米的降水日数为年平均0.3天。境内暴雨（日降水50毫米）的日数，年平均1.9天，暴雨初日最早是4月26日，最晚是9月30日。境内日最大降水量230.3毫米，最长连续降水日数（日降水0.1毫米）12天，降水量118.6毫米，最长连续无降水日（日降水0.1毫米）76天。湿度与蒸发年平均相对湿度为65%。夏季降水多，相对湿度为73%；春、冬降水少，相对湿度小，月平均相对湿度在60%以下。年平均蒸发量在1865.4毫米，年最大蒸发量2477.7毫米；年蒸发量在155、900毫米以上的年份占62%。春季蒸发量大，年平均679.0毫米，占年蒸发量的36%；夏季次之，平均669.6毫米；冬季最小，平均162.3毫米，占年蒸发量的9%。风境内全年主导风向为东南风。冬季和晚秋以西北风为主，其余季节以东南风为主。年平均风速2.9米/s，4月份最大，平均为3.9米/s；9月份最小，平均为2.1米/s。2.1.5河流水系全县有大小河流6条，分为小清河和支脉河两大水系。小清河、淄河、阳河、预备河、雷埠沟、为小清河水系；支脉河为支脉河水系。项目区南接预备河，北靠小清河。2.1.6土壤与植被 土壤 项目区内土壤以滨海盐化潮土为主，黄泛淤积而成，土地类型多为中壤土。土壤PH值7.56、27.5，地下水矿化度25g/L。含盐量为:05cm0.178%，520cm0.128%，2050cm0.123%,50120cm0.058%,1米土体含盐量0.0679%。土质松散，耕性良好。0-20cm土层养分含量为：有机质0.81.0%，全氮3060ppm，速效钾50100ppm，速效磷510ppm。2.1.7自然灾害旱灾旱灾是主要自然灾害之一，发生次数多，影响范围广，危害重。以春旱危害最大，其次是夏旱、秋旱，冬旱虽有发生，但危害较小。春旱，约十年八遇，重春旱机率五年二遇。夏旱一般二年一遇，重夏旱四至五年一遇，多发生在初夏。秋旱约二年一遇，重秋旱四至五年一遇。冬旱时有发生，约五年二遇，一57、般无明显灾害，但往往导致次年春旱。全年四季连旱较少发生。一年之中，多为交替发生或部分季节连旱。涝灾涝灾约五至六年一遇，以夏涝、夏秋连涝较多、较重，春涝较少。1996年因支脉河上游连降大雨，造成该区域客水倒灌，项目区受灾严重。风雹灾 风灾有干热风、大风和龙卷风等类型。干热风主要出现在5月下旬到6月下旬。境内年平均大风日数17.2天，四季以春季最多，平均8.9天，其次是夏季，再次冬季，以秋季最少，平均0.3天。龙卷风，建国后境内只出现过两次，发生于1964年的8月1日和1987年7月20日，中心风力12级以上，造成了严重损失。雹灾平均每年1.1次，最多的一年出现5次。一年中以5月7月居多，最早出现58、于4月上旬，最晚出现于11月中旬。降雹时间多在中午至傍晚，持续530分钟；冰雹深度多在120厘米范围内，多发生在县境内北部、东北部和西南部。风暴潮县境濒临渤海莱洲湾，沿海一带海潮灾害时有发生。建国后危害较重的海潮灾害有4次，分别发生在1958年、1964年、1980年、1992年。其中1992年9月2日有大海潮，潮位6.42米，直接经济损失1亿元以上。低温冻害与霜冻境内春霜冻危害较大，秋霜冻危害程度较轻。建国后，春霜冻危害较大的一次出现在1958年春，秋霜冻危害较重的一次是1962年10月上旬。病虫害全县危害农作物的病害83种，虫害84种。其中发生较严重的病害58种，虫害49种，常年造成较大危59、害的病害37种，虫害46种。2.1.8其它生物资源动物资源中,饲养动物有牛、马、驴、羊、骡、猪、家兔、狐狸、鹿、貂、水獭、鸡、鹅、鸭、鸽等，野生动物有野兔、蛇、鼠及禽类和昆虫类等；水生动物主要有草鱼、鲢鱼、鲤鱼、鲫鱼、青鱼、鲇鱼、泥鳅、黄鳝、鲅鱼、卤虾、草虾、毛蟹等。2.2社会经济条件2.2.1人口及劳力项目区涉及两个行政村，共有1417户，4156口人，有农业劳动力2219个，耕地面积1万亩，人均占有耕地2.4亩。2.2土地利用现状土地总面积1.3万亩，其中耕地1万亩。该项目区道路基本畅通，有充足的水资源条件。现主要种植小麦、玉米、棉花等作物。2.3农业生产水平项目区内2004年大牲畜年末存60、栏3250头，其中牛370头，羊年末存栏1260只，猪1620头，主要以农业的种植业为主，种植作物主要有棉花、玉米、大豆等。粮食作物平均亩产425公斤，棉花单产55公斤。2.4地方财政与农民收入全乡农业生产总值2735万元，地方财政收入1247.8万元，2004年农民人均纯收入3648元。2.5农业科技体系状况该项目区所涉及的行政村，全通了柏油路和电话，有一处110KV变电站。大码头乡有水利站、农机站、农技站、农林站、土地管理所各一处，共有农业技术人员63人。2.6基础设施状况2.6.1排灌系统骨干设施状况项目区南有预备河，是排灌两用河道，即排放当地径流和上游洪水；北有小清河，经过近几年的综合61、治理后，河水已达灌溉三级水标准，是该地的主要灌溉水源和排涝河道。南北方向的排沟有反修沟、永洪沟。在预备河上建有中型提水泵站5处。有支级排沟2条，长14.27公里；斗级排沟28条，长34.15 公里；支级渠道3条，长8.24公里；斗级渠道24条 ，长25.13公里。但因多年未疏挖治理，加之田间工程不配套，灌排作用不能正常发挥。 2.6.2田间工程现状由于田间工程不配套，致使农作物产量低，效益低，有大部分荒碱地得不到利用，如不再加以开发治理，耕地质量将日趋退化，面积逐年减少。2.6.3农业机械及农机服务设施项目区内拥有中型农业机械22台，1550KW；小型机械490台，3550KW。2.6.4交通62、与电力项目区内油地共建路，南北贯穿，东靠辛沙路，乡村公路通到各村，交通十分方便。另外项目区内有11万伏的变电站1处，电力充足，全乡电路畅通，电力设施配套齐全，电力供应有充分保障。第三章 项目建设的必要性和可行性1.1项目区农业和农村经济发展的制约因素（1）耕地产出率低由于项目区耕地土壤肥力低，管理粗放，农作物产量低而不稳。（2）农田水利基础设施不配套项目区内因缺少灌排工程设施，导致易受旱、涝、碱等灾害影响。项目区地面高程低，地面自然比降低，在春、秋干旱时无引水设施灌溉，现有耕地大部分属望天田。（3）生态环境恶劣项目区为高低不平的荒碱地，雨季排水不畅，加之地下盐份含量高，易滋生土壤的次生盐渍化。63、在春、秋两季，蒸发量增大，降雨量减少时，地下水分的大量盐分沿土壤毛细管上升，在地表骤积，使盐碱程度加重。3.2项目建设的必要性本次选定的项目区涉及大码头乡高港、杨宅村，位于反修沟两侧，油地共建路南北，地势低洼，旱、涝、碱、薄是该区域影响农业生产和农民生活提高的主要限制因素。对项目区进行治理改造是当地农民群众的迫切愿望。通过项目建设达到增加耕地、提高综合生产能力，改善人民群众生活水平，实现经济、社会、生态效益同步提高的目的。该项目的建设是实施农业可持续发展战略的有效措施，是造福子孙后代的利国利民工程。在项目区群众自愿的基础上，大码乡政府提出了建设该项目的申请。通过项目建设可显著提高土地的产出率、64、地面植被覆盖率、林木覆盖率等，改善项目区的生态环境，促进农业生态系统的良性循环，使土地资源得到更加合理的利用。该项目的实施可为全县农业综合开发土地治理方面探索和积累经验，起到示范带动作用。对于改善区域生态环境，增加农民收入，提高人民群众的生活水平，促进当地经济可持续发展具有十分重要的意义。3.3项目建设的可行性在项目的前期准备工作中，我们采取了上级部门、专家、社会机构参与的多种形式，广泛听取采纳各方面的意见和建议，并将专家的意见和群众的意愿充分有机结合。项目区人均土地较多，但耕地面积少，中低产田多，抵御自然灾害能力较差，农作物产量低而不稳，影响了项目区农民致富的步伐。在进行项目可行性研究、调查65、过程中，群众对整理土地热情很高，纷纷献计献策，取得了对该项目100%的支持率。项目区农业骨干基础设施良好，水源有保证，项目区干部群众重视发展农业。通过对项目的立项条件，资金配套能力，技术服务能力，领导组织能力等进行全面考察，认为以改善农田排灌设施，增加科技含量为中心的开发方案是完全可行的，一有群众基础；二有强有力的领导组织能力；三有资金配套能力；四有技术保；五有丰富的施工经验，以上这些都是建设一流项目区的可靠保证。第四章水资源评价及供需平衡分析1.1项目区水资源概况项目区内的水源是地表水源。地下水水位高，为咸水，矿化度25g/L，不能作为灌溉用水。因此，地表水为项目区内的可利用水源，主要是小清66、河和黄河水源，小清河年过境流量2.86亿m3，年引水时间280天，小清河在项目区附近的王道闸可拦蓄和调节小清河水，年可供水量1500万m3。小清河水通过辛桥干渠进入预备河。黄河水通过麻湾总干和二干十二支进入预备河，输水能力15m3/s。地表水源均通过预备河进入项目区，预备河位于项目区西侧，引水能力30m3/s,年可引小清河水6000万m3，能够满足项目区农业灌溉用水要求。 4.2灌溉设计保证率根据土地开发整理标准，半干旱、半湿润地区，以旱作为主地面灌溉的灌溉设计保证率P为70-80%，本规划采用灌溉设计保证率P=75%。4.3灌溉制度及水资源平衡分析4.3.1农作物组成项目区目前作物种植棉花、67、小麦、玉米为主。通过进行综合治理后，对项目区内的作物农产品销售市场价格情况和土地的适应情况进行调整，扩大棉花种植比例，积极发展大蒜等高效经济作物，提高复种指数。项目治理后，作物播种面积1.4万亩，其中棉花6000亩，粮食8000亩，复种指数140%。根据广饶农业资源调查及农业区划报告，查得本地区各作物生育期如下表4-1 主要作物种植比例及生育期统计表作物名称棉花粮食种植比例0.460.38生育期4月2010月316月109月20天数190924.3.2作物生育期耗水量参照山东省大渔张引黄灌区（二、三干）改建工程设计任务书采用的生育期耗水量，经分析设计任务书选用的作物生育期需水量具有代表性，同时68、结合本项目区多年的灌水经验，拟定生育期耗水量如下：表4-2 主要作物生育期耗水量表名称生育期耗水量m3/亩代表作物棉花300棉花粮食260小麦、玉米4.3.3作物灌溉制度及灌水率项目区种植作物为:棉花、小麦、玉米及其它作物。本设计选定灌水率较大的代表作物进行设计。根据作物生育期耗水量和本地区属海滨平原，地下水位高，矿化度大，含盐量高的特点。宜采用减少灌水次数，增加灌水定额的灌水方案，用大水压碱，减少盐渍危害，改良土壤。根据多年的经验，冬灌宜早，春灌宜晚。特拟定如下灌溉制度。表43 主要作物的灌溉制度及灌水模数作物种植比例灌溉次序灌水次序灌水定额灌水天数灌水延续时间灌水率起止棉花0.46312369、12090905/44/626/715/413/64/810990.760.640.64粮食0.383123100808030/526/721/86/62/827/88770.660.600.60灌水率计算：查灌区设计和施工灌水率采用下式计算：q净 = （m3/s/万亩） 式中：q净净灌水率，（m3/s/万亩）；作物种植比例；T灌水延续时间，天；m灌水定额，（m3/亩）。查农田水利学，对提水灌区，系数取7.27.9，本设计取7.2。项目区内地下水位高，矿化度大，土壤盐渍化对作物危害较重，规划对项目区进行冲洗压碱，改良土壤。拟定采取早春、晚秋压碱2次。经计算，冲洗压碱 定额为150.5m3/亩，70、灌水率为1.4m3/s/万亩根据各种作物每次灌水的灌水率以及冲洗灌水的灌水率，取最大灌水率作为设计净灌水率。取q=1.4m3/s/万亩。4.4项目区设计水平年，可供水量、需水量预测及供需平衡分析降雨资料用广饶县1974年2000年共27年的资料,进行频率计算，用年降雨和生育期降雨分别进行排频，并以P型曲线配线。查得灌溉设计保证率P=75%的年份，选定1985年做为设计代表年，1985年：年降雨：451mm 生育期降雨：90.7mm计算偏差系数Cv：CV = =0.25 式中:Cv为偏差系数；Ki为模比系数；n为27。选定Cv=0.25，并假定Cs=2Cv=0.5，选用P型曲线配线（选配计算表如71、下表）。查表得：P75%=442.8mm。生育期降雨频率计算CV=0.35选Cv=0.4 Cs=2Cv=0.8，进行配线，查得：P75%=117mm表44 频率曲线选配计算表频率P(1)12510205075909599X=540Cv=0.25Cs=2CvKp(2)1.671.581.451.331.20.980.820.700.630.52Xp(3)901.8853.2783718.2648529.2442.8378340.2280.8X=164.7Cv=0.4Cs=2CvKp(4)2.161.981.741.541.310.950.710.530.450.30Xp(5)355.7326.172、286.6253.6215.7156.5116.987.374.149.44.5需水量及水量平衡分析4.5.1有效降雨选用8586年广饶县降雨资料，作为年降雨分配雨型。采用有效降雨扣除法11、12、1、2各月日降雨扣除2mm10、3各月日雨扣除4mm49月日雨扣除8mm一次降雨超过50mm的按50mm计两次降雨间隔5天以内，且均接近50mm时，按前降雨计算至P+Pa不超过50mm。年有效降雨为270mm。表45 作物需水量表名称单位棉花粮食耗水量m3/亩300260有效降雨mm209167m3/亩134111需水量m3/亩1661494.5.2 需水量项目区内主要包括农业灌溉需水量、林木需水量73、其它用水量和农业发展增加用水量三部分,渠系水利用系数为0.7。经分析、计算，项目区需水量如下：农业灌溉需水量312.3万m3林木需水量16万m3项目区共需水量：328.3万m34.5.3 水量平衡分析项目区内的水源，一是地下水源，二是地表水源。地下水水位高，为咸水，矿化度25g/L，不能作为灌溉用水。因此，地表水为项目区内的可利用水源，主要是小清河和黄河水源，小清河年过境流量2.86亿m3，年引水时间280天，小清河在项目区附近的王道闸可拦蓄和调节小清河水，年可供水量1500万m3。小清河水通过辛桥干渠进入预备河。黄河水通过麻湾总干和二干十二支进入预备河，输水能力15m3/s。地表水源均通过74、预备河进入项目区，预备河位于项目区西侧，引水能力30m3/s,年可引小清河水6000万m3，能够满足项目区农业灌溉用水要求。当P=75%时，可供水360万米，需水量328.3万米,供需差值为 +31.7万米。第五章规划设计5.1 指导思想以邓小平理论和“三个代表”的重要思想为指导，认真贯彻落实中央农村工作会议及全国财政工作会议精神，牢固树立和认真落实科学发展观，适应农业和农村经济进入新阶段的形势要求，大力加强农业基础设施和生态环境建设，改善农业生产条件，建设高标准基本农田，提高农业综合生产能力；积极推进农业和农村经济结构的战略性调整，提高农业综合效益，为国家粮食安全和增加农民收入做贡献。5.275、 选项原则一是坚持农业基本生产条件改善与生态环境建设相结合。二是坚持资源开发与结构调整相结合。三是坚持项目建设与产业化经营相结合。四是坚持重点项目与常规项目相结合。五是坚持经济、社会和生态效益相结合。六是坚持计划安排与工作实绩相结合。5.3 建设标准5.3.1 总体标准以方田建设为核心，按照高起点、高标准、高质量、高效益的要求，坚持统一领导，统一规划，统一开发，统一政策，适度规模经营的原则。通过开发配套，达到田成方，林成网，沟、渠、路、桥、涵、闸、管理房全面配套，实现旱能浇，涝能排，机械化水平，科技贡献率，农业产出率，利润率，林木覆盖率等全面提高。 5.3.2 单项措施标准农田水利：通过疏挖整76、修沟、渠、路新建配套建筑物，渠道防渗节水建设，大幅度改善灌排效果，缩短灌溉周期，实现科学灌溉，节水灌溉。林业建设：坚持以提高生态高效益为主的原则，适地适树。农业科技：健全农业技术推广体系，项目区良种普及率达100%，科技贡献率提高10个百分点。农业措施：坚持深耕与改土相结合，有机施肥与无机施肥相结合，科学配方施肥，大幅度改善提高土地肥力。5.4建设规模规划治理土地面积1万亩，建设水工建设物171座，疏挖各级沟渠163条，长71.4公里，共动用土方82万立方米。5.5 规划布局项目区位于预备河下游，反修沟两侧。总控制面积1万亩。项目区内的反修沟水是唯一的灌溉水源。修建支沟1条；修建斗沟21条；修77、建农级渠道141条，自南向北输水。项目区内排水沟设支、斗、农三级排水系统，各级排水沟与灌水渠道相邻设置。项目区内沟、渠、路、林布置形式，斗级布置形式沟渠路，农级布置形式为路沟渠。农田林网统一设置在沟渠之间的沿台上，树种采用三倍体毛白杨和白蜡，斗级植树2行，农级1行。项目区内规划田块大小由农渠控制面积确定，共划分124个田块，平均田块面积80.64亩。5.6最佳方案选定按照农业综合开发土地治理项目立项原则、标准要求，结合广饶县土地资源的利用状况和地类分布，初步选定了大码头乡的东北部土地较多的地片作为重点考察区，组织有关人员进行广泛勘察论证。按照区域治理、流域治理、综合配套的原则，从开发后的经济、78、社会、生态效益进行讨论分析，确定了该项目区的具体位置及建设内容。第六章开发任务和建设内容6.1开发任务改造中低产田1.0万亩。6.2建设内容6.2.1 水利措施疏挖修建支级排沟1条，3.2Km；斗级沟渠23条，长6.9km ;农级沟渠141条，长61.3km，共动用土方82万m。修建桥、涵、闸、放水门等各类建筑物169座,衬砌防渗渠道2公里。6.2.2 农业措施整平土地0.2万亩，深耕改土1万亩，修建机耕路12km。 6.2.3 林业措施项目区支、斗、农均设置林带。支级林带宽4m，栽4行树，斗级林带宽2米，栽2行,农级林带宽1米，栽1行。共植树10万株。6.2.4 农业科技培训农民技术员10079、00人次(包括西刘桥乡5000人次)，示范推广农业新技术、新品种6项。第七章、投资估算和资金筹措7.1投资估算7.1.1估算依据土石方工程：参照2000年颁布的山东省水利水电建筑工程预算定额第上册。建筑工程：参照2000年颁布的山东省水利水电建筑工程预算定额下册。电力设备安装工程：参照2000年颁布的山东省水利水电工程预算定额（电器安装工程）。水利机械设备安装工程：参照2000年颁布的山东省水利水电安装工程预算定额中的水利机械、金属结构安装工程部分。施工机械台班费用定额：参照2000年颁布的山东省水利水电工程施工台班费定额各种费用的构成及计算：参照2000年颁布的山东省水利水电工程设计概（估）80、算费用构成及计算标准（试行）、山东省水利水电工程设计概（估）算编制办法（试行）及有关文件执行。材料价格：水泥、钢筋、木材按当地实际发生价格计，砂、石等材料价格根据现行价格和运距，运输方式计算。7.1.2 投资估算项目共需投资316万元，其中农田水利建设投资223万元，农业措施投资31万元，林业建设投资25万元，农业科技投资32万元，项目管理费6万元（详见附表4）。7.2 资金筹措方案 省以上财政投资199万元，市财政配套12万元，县财政配套23万元，县以下自筹82万元。7.3群众投工投劳 项目共需完成土方82万m,需投工日32.8万个。用机械完成大部分土方，人工整修，每个劳力需出义务工不超过581、个。第八章综合效益分析8.1经济效益项目实施后，计划种植棉花6000亩,粮食作物4000亩，可年增产粮食80万公斤，棉花15万公斤。共计年新增产值292万元，利润103万元，项目投资回收期为3年。产值利润率%=100%=100%=35.3% 内部收益率%(IRR)=30.9%财务净现植(NPV)=320.9万元(按计算期12年,基准收益率10%计)静态投资回收期=3(年)8.2社会效益 通过对区内土地进行综合治理，实现田成方，路成网，树成行，水利工程灌排配套，旱涝保收的目标，使农村的精神面貌焕然一新，对促进农业和农村现代化具有重要意义。项目区将达到旱能灌、涝能排，并通过，洗盐压碱，彻底改良土壤82、，解决项目区农业灌溉，极大地改善农民的生活条件。8.3 生态效益通过土地治理，项目区道路畅通、沟渠配套，使地下水位和土壤含盐量降低，这将大大改善项目区农田生态环境和农业生产条件。通过在干路两侧及田间路和生产路一侧建设防护林，形成有效的防护林网，林木覆盖率增加6个百分点。同时，可起到涵养水源，美化环境的作用。使项目区的抗灾能力大大提高，同时也有利于周边地区生态环境的保护和改善。第九章组织实施和运行管护9.1 组织机构设置为了把土地整理任务高标准、高质量地完成，县成立项目建设指挥机构，由分管的县长任指挥，县开发办、农业局、水利局、林业局的主要领导为成员，全面负责项目建设的组织、调度、监督、管理，项83、目所在乡镇也成立相应的组织。指挥部下设办公室、施工科、技术科、监理科、后勤组等组织。工程施工期间，指挥部到工程一线安营扎寨，现场办公，随时解决工程建设中的各种问题，确保按计划工期完成各项建设任务。9.2 项目实施管理根据项目建设任务，组建土方机械施工专业队、建筑物建设专业队、植树造林专业队。首先对主要沟、渠、路等框架工程利用机械疏挖，拿出大土方，然后组织民工上阵进行整修。在框架工程完成后，组织机械对项目区土地进行整平。建筑物施工组织有资质的队伍进行公开竞标,逐级签订质量保证合同。农田防护林建设由专业队按设计要求栽植,严格把好树苗选择、林带整理、挖坑栽植、浇水管理等环节，确保树木成活率在90以上84、。在施工过程中，县、乡指挥部与各专业队签订责任状，施工科、技术科、监理科各负其责，制定严格的奖惩措施，对工程质量好、施工进度快的专业队伍进行奖励，对工程质量差、进度慢，影响项目建设总体任务质量和效益的队伍要追究当事人的责任，凡验收不合格的工程坚决返工重建，创建一流工程，创一流效益。在项目施工期间，由监理科随时抽查工程质量，对于隐蔽工程，必须经监理科人员填写验收单后方可回填或进入下道工序。在工程竣工后，由县指挥部牵头，组织监理科、技术科、施工科、乡指挥部共同对建设情况进行验收，签发工程建设合格证，然后申请上级有关部门进行全面验收。9.3运行管理与维护一是家庭农场式的经营方式。经过开发治理的土地拍85、卖或承包给种田大户，由承包户根据自己的优势自主决定种植的作物。二是龙头企业及经济合作组织带动的基地式管理。依托农产品加工企业，把项目建成特定的农产品生产基地。土地使用权分散到户，但作物布局实行区域化，生产、收购、加工、销售服务系列化。三是对耕地和荒地相间排列的土地原使用权不变，由乡农业技术部门下达指导性的种植计划，土地经营管理的权属归农户，项目区的工程设施管理使用权进行拍卖。第十章 环境影响与评价10.1 项目实施对环境的影响项目区的建设，充分改善了灌排系统，增加了林木覆盖率，对环境有关美化、绿化、净化作用，形成了良好的生态保护体系，无不利影响。第十一章结论和建议11.1 可行研究结论项目区的86、工程布局、设计标准、建设计划、投资与工期等，符合项目区实际和建设高标准项目区的要求。作物布局与效益分析比较切合实际，与项目区的土壤、水源、种植技术等相适应，与市场经济和发展农业产业化相适应。工程规划重点突出，核算细致，布局合理，施工方案可操作性强。项目建设效益明显，综合各方面因素评价，该项目建设是完全可行和必要的。11.2 问题与建议农业生产有着季节性强的突出特点，所以整平土地、调整土地、调整种植结构时间紧，工程建设易与农业生产发生矛盾。因此，建议各项工作要早准备，早定方案，早铺工放线。要把项目工程建设与建立健全管护制度结合，把工程建设与发展优质高效农业结合，把工程管理与资金管理结合，把常规技87、术推广与引进推广新技术成果结合，把项目建设水平和效益全面提高。附件：（一）附表：表1、农业综合开发项目概要表。表2、项目区现有水利设施情况表。表3、设计水平年水资源供需平衡表。表4、农业综合开发建设 内容和投资结算表。（二）附图：1、项目区位置图。2、项目区现状图。3、项目区规划布局图。附表1 农业综合开发项目概要表名 称单 位数 量备 注一、项目区基本情况 1、行政辖属县（市、场）个1 2、行政辖属乡（镇）个1 3、行政村个2 4、总人口万人0.42 5、农业人口万人0.42 6、农业劳动力万个0.22 7、土地总面积万亩1.3 8、耕地面积万亩1.0 9、林地面积万亩0.078 10、牧草88、地面积万亩 11、水域面积万亩 12、未利用地万亩 13、粮食总产万公斤425 14、人均年纯收入元 3648二、项目区资源条件 1、现有中低产田面积万亩1.0 其中：（1）瘠薄型万亩 （2）干旱缺水型万亩 （3）渍涝型万亩 （4）盐碱型万亩1.0 （5）其他万亩 2、现有宜农荒地面积万亩 3、宜牧草原面积万亩 4、水资源总量万立方米/年600 5、现有水利工程可供水量万立方米/年360三、项目区现状 1、骨干水利工程完好率%70包括干渠，干渠建筑物工程的完好配套率 2、田间工程配套率%30包括支渠及其以下固定渠道和建筑物工程的完好率 3、灌溉保证率%50 4、渠系水利用系数%70 5、有效灌89、溉面积万亩0.6 6、除涝面积万亩0.7 7、防洪保证率10010年一遇 8、林木覆盖率%6.0四、开发治理任务 1、改造中低产田万亩1.0 2、开垦宜农荒地万亩 3、专项生态工程建设万亩 4、草原（场）建设万亩 5、农业现代化示范区万亩 6、优质粮食基地万亩 7、优质饲料粮基地万亩 8、节水农业示范项目万亩 9、坡改梯万亩五、投资及资金筹措 1、总投资万元316 其中：1）中央财政资金万元117 2）地方财政配套资金万元117 3）自筹资金万元82 4）银行贷款万元 5）其他资金万元 2、投工投劳 1）投工量万工日32.8 2）折资万元六、效益 1、新增主要农产品生产能力 1）粮食万公斤8090、 2）棉花万公斤15 3）油料万公斤 4）糖料万公斤 5）干草万公斤 6）优质粮食万公斤 7）优质蔬菜万公斤 2、农业生产条件改善 1）新增灌溉面积万亩0.4 2）改善灌溉面积万亩0.6 3）新增除涝面积万亩0.3 4）改善除涝面积万亩0.6 5）增加农田林网防护面积万亩0.6 6）改良土壤面积万亩0.7 7）新增节水灌溉面积万亩0.6 8）年节水量万立方米60 9）增加机耕面积万亩 10）新增农机总动力万千瓦 11）扩大良种种植面积万亩0.4 12）新增旱作农业面积万亩 13）优质粮食种植面积万亩0.3 14）优质饲料粮种植面积万亩 15）控制水土流失面积万亩 3、完善农业服务体系个1 4、91、新增种植业总产值万元292 5、新增利润万元103 6、项目区农民纯收入增加总额万元170 7、财务内部收益率30.9% 8、财务净现植320.9 9、投入产出比1：1.54 10、投资回收期3.0Later a neighbour told me about him. Everybody knows him. His name is Percy Buttons. He calls at every house in the street once a month and always asks for a meal and a glass of beer.Lesson 7 Too late 92、为时太晚 The plane was late and detectives were waiting at the airport all morning. They were expecting a valuable parcel of diamond from South Africa. A few hours earlier, someone had told the police that thieves would try to steal the diamonds. When the plane arrived, some of the detectives were waiti93、ng inside the main building while others were waiting on the airfield. Two men took the parcel off the plane and carried it into the Customs House. While two detectives were keeping guard at the door, two others opened the parcel. To their surprise, the precious parcel was full of stones and sand!Le94、sson 8 The best and the worst 最好的和最差的Joe Sanders has the most beautiful garden in our town. Nearly everybody enters for The Nicest Garden Competition each year, but Joe wins every time. Bill Friths garden is larger than Joes. Bill works harder than Joe and grows more flowers and vegetables, but Joes95、 garden is more interesting. He has made neat paths and has built a wooden bridge over a pool. I like gardens too, but I do not like hard work. Every year I enter for the garden competition too, and I always win a little prize for the worst garden in the town!Lesson 9 A cold welcome 冷遇On Wednesday e96、vening, we went to the Town Hall. It was the last day of the year and a large crowd of people had gathered under the Town Hall clock. It would strike twelve in twenty minutes time. Fifteen minutes passed and then, at five to twelve, the clock stopped. The big minute hand did not move. We waited and 97、waited, but nothing happened. Suddenly someone shouted, Its two minutes past twelve! The clock has stopped! I looked at my watch. It was true. The big clock refused to welcome the New Year. At that moment everybody began to laugh and sing.Lesson 10 Not for jazz 不适于演奏爵士乐We have an old musical instrum98、ent. It is called a clavichord(翼琴). It was made in Germany in 1681. Our clavichord is kept in the living-room. It has belong to our family for a long time. The instrument was bought by my grandfather many years ago. Recently it was damaged by a visitor. She tried to play jazz on it! She struck the k99、eys too hard and two of the strings were broken. My father was shocked. Now we are not allowed to touch it. It is being repaired by a friend of my fathers.Lesson 11 One good turn deserves another 礼尚往来I was having dinner at a restaurant when Harry Steele came in. Harry worked in a lawyers office year100、s ago, but he is now working at a bank. He gets a good salary, but he always borrows money from his friends and never pays it back. Harry saw me and came and sat at the same table. He has never borrowed money from me. While he was eating, I asked him to lend me &2. To my surprise, he gave me the mon101、ey immediately. I have never borrowed any money from you, Harry said, so now you can pay for my dinner!Lesson 12 Goodbye and good luck 再见，一路顺风Our ncighbour, Captain Charles Alison, will sail from Portsmouth tomorrow. We shall meet him at the harbour early in the morning. He will be in his small boat102、, Topsail.Tapsail is a famous little boat. It has sailed across the Atlantic many times. Captain Alison will set out at eight oclock so we shall have plenty of time. We shall see his boat and then we shall say good-bye to him. He will be away for two months. We are very proud of him. He will take pa103、rt in an important race across the Atlantic.Lesson 13 The Greenwood Boys 绿林少年The Greenwood Boys are a group of popular singers. At present, they are visiting all parts of the country. They will be arriving here tomorrow. They will be coming by train and most of the youngpeople in the town will be me104、eting them at the station. Tomorrow evening they will be singing at the Workers Club. The Greenwood Boys will be staying for five days. During this time, they will give five performances. As usual, the police will have a difficult time. They will be trying to keep order. It is always the same on the105、se occasions.Lesson 14 Do you speak English? 你会讲英语吗？I had an amusing experience last year. After I had left a small village in the south of France, I drove on to the next town. On the way, a young man waved to me. I stopped and he asked me for a lift. As soon as he had got into the car, I said good 106、morning to him in French and he replied in the same language. Apart from a few words, I do not know any French at all. Neither of us spoke during the journey. I had nearly reached the town, when the young man suddenly said, very slowly, Do you speak English? As I soon learnt, he was English himself!107、Lesson 15 Good news 佳音 The secretary told me that Mr. Harmsworth would see me. I felt very nervous when. I went into his office. He did not look up from his desk when I entered. After I had sat down, he said that business was very bad. He told me that the firm could not afford to pay such large sala108、ries. Twenty people had already left. I knew that my turn had come. Mr. Harmsworth, I said in a weak voice. Dont interrupt, he Said. Then he smiled and told me I would receive an extra &100 a year!Lesson 16 A polite request 彬彬有礼的要求If you park your car in the wrong place, a traffic policeman will soo109、n find it. You will be very lucky if he lets you go without a ticket. However, this does not always happen. Traffic police are sometimes very polite. During a holiday in Sweden, I found this note on my car: Sir, we welcome you to our city. This is a No Parking area. You will enjoy your stay here if 110、you pay attention to our street signs. This note is only a reminder. If you receive a request like this, you cannot fail to obey it!Lesson 17 Always young 青年常驻My aunt Jennifer is an actress. She must be at least thirty-five years old. In spite of this, she often appears on the stage as a young girl.111、 Jennifer will have to take part in a new play soon. This time, she will be a girl of seventeen. In the play, she must appear in a bright red dress and long black stockings. Last year in another play, she had to wear short socks and a bright, orange-coloured dress. If anyone ever asked her how old s112、he is, she always answers, My dear, it must be terrible to be grown up!lesson18 He often does this! 他经常干这种事！After I had had lunch at a village inn, I looked for my bag. I had left it on a chair beside the door and now it wasnt there ! As I was looking for it, the inn-keeper came in. Did you have a g113、ood meal ? he asked. Yes, thank you, I answered, but I cant pay the bill. I havent got my bag. The inn-keeper smiled and immediately went out. In a few minutes he returned with my bag and gave it back to me. Im very sorry, he said My dog had taken it into the garden. He often does this.Lesson19 Sold114、 out 票已售完The play may begin at any moment, I said. It may have begun already, Susan answered.I hurried to the ticket-office. May I have two tickets please ? I asked.Im sorry, weve sold out, the girl said.What a pity! Susan exclaimed.Just then, a man hurried to the ticket-office.Can I return these tw115、o tickets? he asked.Certainly, the girl said.Could I have those two tickets please ? I asked.Certainly, the girl said, but they are for next Wednesdays performance.I might as well have them, I said sadly.Lesson20 One man in a boat 独坐孤舟Fishing is my favourite sport. I often fish for hours without cat116、ching anything. But this does not worry me. Some fishermen are unlucky. Instead of catching fish, they catch old boots and rubbish. I am even less lucky. I never catch anything-not even old boots. After having spent whole mornings on the river, I always go home with an empty bag. You must give up fi117、shing! my friends say. Its a waste of time. But they dont realize one important thing. Im not really interested in fishing. I am only interested in sitting in a boat and doing nothing at all !Lesson21 Mad or not? 是不是疯了？Aeroplanes are slowly driving me mad. I live near an airport and passing planes c118、an be heard night and day. The airport was built during the war, but for some reason it could not be used then. Last year, however, it came into use. Over a hundred people must have been driven away from their homes by the noise. I am one of the few people left. Sometimes I think this house will be 119、knocked down by a passing plane. I have been offered a large sum of money to go away, but I am determined to stay here. Everybody says I must be mad and they are probably right.Lesson22 A glass envelope 玻璃信封My daughter, Jane, never dreamed of receiving a letter from a girl of her own age in Holland.120、 Last year, we were travelling across the Channel and Jane put a piece of paper with her name and address on it into a bottle. She threw the bottle into the sea. She never thought of it again, but ten months later, she received a letter from a girl in Holland. Both girls write to each other regularl121、y now. However, they have decided to use the post-office. Letters will cost a litt1e more, but they will certainly travel faster. Lesson23 A new house 新居I had a letter from my sister yesterday. She lives in Nigeria. In her letter, she said that she would come to England next year. If she comes, she 122、will get a surprise. We are now living in a beautiful new house in the country. Work on it had begun before my sister left. The house was completed five months ago. In my letter, I told her that she could stay with us. The house has many large rooms and there is a lovely garden. It is a very modern 123、house, so it looks strange to some people. It must be the only modern house in the district.Lesson24 It could be worse 不幸中之万幸I entered the hotel managers office and sat down. I had just lost &50 and I felt very upset. I left the money in my room, I said, and its not there now. The manager was sympat124、hetic, but he could do nothing. Everyones losing money these days, he said. He started to complain about this wicked world but was interrupted by a knock at the door. A girl came in and put an envelope on his desk. It contained &5o. I found this outside this gentlemans room she said. Well, I said to125、 the manager, there is still some honesty in this world !lesson25 Do the English speak English? 英国人讲的是英语吗？I arrived in London at last. The railway station was big, black and dark. I did not know the way to my hotel, so I asked a porter. I not only spoke English very carefully, but very clearly as we126、ll. The porter, however, could not understand me; I repeated my question several times and at last he understood. He answered me, but he spoke neither slowly nor clearly. I am a foreigner, I said. Then he spoke slowly, but I could not understand him. My teacher never spoke English like that! The por127、ter and I looked at each other and smiled. Then he said something and I understood it. Youll soon learn English! he said. I wonder. In England, each man speaks a different language. The English understand each other, but I dont understand them ! Do they speak English ?lesson26 The best art critics 最128、佳美术评论家I am an art student and I paint a lot of pictures. Many people pretend that they understand modern art. They always tell you what a picture is about. Of course, many pictures arc not about anything. They are just pretty patterns. We like them in the same way that we like pretty curtain materia129、l. I think that young children often appreciate modern pictures better than anyone else. They notice more. My sister is only seven, but she always tells me whether my pictures are good or not. She came into my room yesterday. What are you doing ? she asked. Im hanging this picture on the wall, I ans130、wered. Its a new one. Do you like it ? She looked at it critically for a moment. Its all right, she said, but isnt it upside-down ? I looked at it again. She was right! It was!Lesson27 A wet night 雨夜Late in the afternoon, the boys put up their tent in the middle of a field. As soon as this was done,131、 they cooked a meal over an open fire. They were all hungry and the food smelt good. After a wonderful meal, they told stories and sang songs by the camp fire. But some time later it began to rain. The boys felt tired so they pet out the fire and crept into their tent. Their sleeping-bags were warm 132、and comfortable, so they all slept soundly. In the middle of the night, two boys woke up and began shouting. The tent was full of water! They all leapt out of their sleeping-bags and hurried outside. It was raining heavily and they found that a stream had formed in the field. The stream wound its wa133、y across the field and then flowed right under their tent!Lesson28 No parking 禁止停车Jasper White is one of those rare people who believes in ancient myths. He has just bought a new house in the city, but ever since he moved in, he has had trouble with motorists. when he returns home at night, he alway134、s finds that someone has parked a car outside his gate. Because of this, he has not been able to get his own car into his garage even once. Jasper has put up No Parking signs outside his gate, but these have not had any effect. Now he has put an ugly stone head over the gate. It is one of the uglies135、t faces I have ever seen. I asked him what it was附表2： 项目区现有水利工程设施情况表县（市）名称水库有效灌 溉面积 灌排系统 排灌站机电井变电站农电线路地下管道喷滴灌设备灌排渠道其中：衬砌建筑物数量兴利库容长度配套率长度占需衬砌座配套率数量装机容量数量已配套数量容量10-35KV低压（座）（万立方米）（万亩）（公里）%（公里）%（座）（千瓦）（眼）（眼）（座）（千伏）（公里）（公里）（公里）（台/套）合计0.68250131413548 附表3 设计水平年水资源供需平衡表(保证率P=75%) 单位：万立方米分区水资源总量可供水量需水量余缺水量136、（+、-）合计地表水地下水合计地表水地下水合计农业工业农村生活合计地表水地下水总 计600600360360328.3328.3+31.7+31.7附表4 农业综合开发项目建设内容和投资估算表项目名称工程量投资（万元）备 注单位计划数单价复价合 计316 一、农田建设万亩1.0316农田建设包含改造中低产田、开垦宜农荒地专项农业生态工程建设和现代化示范区。（一）水利设施2231小型水库座万立方米新建座万立方米扩建加固座万立方米2拦河坝座万立方米3修建排灌站座 千瓦4机电井眼 千瓦新打眼 千瓦修复配套眼 千瓦5输变电线路配套公里其中：线路公里35KV 公里； 10KV 公里变压器台6灌排渠系工程137、187其中：开挖疏浚渠道公里71.489土方工程劳务折资60万元衬砌排水渠道公里埋设排水管道公里 渠系建筑物座169987节水灌溉万亩0.336项目名称工程量投资（万元）备 注单位计划数单价复价渠道衬砌防渗公里236管道输水公里集雨节灌万亩8其他水利工程座（二）农业措施311改良土壤万亩0.552整平土地万亩0.1203良种基地万亩其中：仓库平方米晒场平方米选种加工设备台（套）4机耕路公里126土方工程劳务折资5农业机械台（套）其中：购置农用动力机械台（套）马力6.其他农业措施（三）林业措施251营造防护林万亩125植树10万株水土保持林万亩2苗圃亩3其他林业措施（四）科技推广321技术培训人138、次1000016含西刘桥项目区培训费8万元2仪器设备台（件）3示范推广项616在正文中逐一列明示范推广内容4.其它工作措施新品种、新技术引进（五）前期工作费5项目考察论证、测量规划目 录第一章 总 论11.1项目名称及建设单位11.2项目概况11.3结论2第二章 项目建设的必要性32.1项目建设的必要性3第三章 建设规模及建设条件43.1建设规模43.2建设条件4第四章 建设规模及内容194.1培训规模194.2建设规模及内容19第五章 场址条件及建设地点205.1 自然地理条件205.2社会经济条件205.3项目情况205.4建设地点选择21第六章 技术方案及设备配置226.1技术方案226139、.2设施设备方案25第五章 工程建设方案95.1总体建设方案95.2建设范围105.3建设内容10第六章 节能分析216.1设计依据216.2项目所在地能源供应状况分析236.3节能分析23第七章 环境保护257.1编制依据257.2环境保护建设目标257.3环境影响因素识别267.4环境保护措施和建议267.5环境影响的综合评价28第八章 消防、劳动安全与卫生298.1消防298.2安全与卫生29第九章社会稳定风险分析319.1编制依据319.2风险调查319.3风险识别329.4风险估计339.5风险因素分析349.6风险防范和化解措施359.7风险等级及结论41第十章 项目组织管理431140、0.1项目组织4310.2部门职责4410.3人员培训45第十一章 项目实施进度安排4611.1项目实施内容4611.2项目实施进度计划46第十二章 工程招投标4812.1项目招标范围4812.2招标组织形式4912.3评标组织、评标原则及决标49第十三章 投资估算和资金筹措5113.1投资估算5113.2资金筹措53第十四章 生态评价5414.1生态评价5414.2生态效益5414.3节能效益5514.4项目建设资金5514.5效益评价结论55第十五章 社会评价5615.1主要利益相关群体5615.2社会影响分析5615.3评价结论57目 录第一章 总论. .11、项目名称及承办单位.12、141、编制依据. .43、编制原则.54、项目概况. .65、结论.6第二章 项目提出的背景及必要性.81、项目提出的背景.82、项目建设的必要性.9第三章 项目性质及建设规模.131、项目性质.132、建设规模.13第四章 项目建设地点及建设条件.171、项目建设地点.172、项目建设条件.17第五章 项目建设方案.251、建设原则.252、建设内容.253、工程项目实施.33第六章 节水与节能措施.371、节水措施.372、节能措施.38第七章 环境影响评价.391、项目所在地环境现状.392、项目建设和生产对环境的影响分析.393、环境保护措施.404、环境影响评价结论. 42第八章 劳动安全142、保护与消防.441、危害因素和危害程度.442、安全措施方案. .443、消防设施.45第九章 组织机构与人力资源配置.461、组织机构.462、组织机构图.46第十章 项目实施进度.481、建设工期. .482、项目实施进度安排.483、项目实施进度表. .48第十一章 投资估算及资金筹措.491、投资估算依据.492、建设投资估算.49目 录第一章 总 论41.1 项目概况41.2 编制依据51.3 项目建设内容及规模51.4 项目投资概算及资金筹措141.5 产品方案151.6 原材料及动力161.7 主要技术经济指标171.8 项目实施进度181.9 研究结论18第二章 项目建设背景和143、必要性192.1 项目建设背景192.2 项目建设必要性20第三章 市场分析和预测223.1 市场现状223.2 *县市场233.3 全国市场233.4 鸡肉市场分析243.5 鸡蛋市场分析243.6 有机肥市场分析243.7 销售预测25第四章 项目区概况264.1 项目区基本情况264.2 项目区畜牧业生产现状274.3 水、电、路、通讯、技术等条件27第五章 项目建设方案295.1 项目建设原则295.2 项目设计依据的规范与规程295.3 项目设计方案305.4 工程设计标准335.5 技术标准365.6 设备选型53第六章 消防安全576.1 消防依据576.2 消防工作程序576.144、3 消防安全流程59第七章 节水与节能607.1 节水工程与科技措施607.2 养殖节能措施617.3 饲料加工节能措施617.4 电气节能措施627.5 减排62第八章 环境影响和保护措施638.1 环境保护依据638.2 项目区环境现状638.3 环境影响评价648.4 工程环境保护措施648.5 “三废”处理措施658.6 环境影响综合评价65第九章 项目组织管理679.1 基本思路679.2 组织管理679.3 施工组织及质量管理689.4 建设及运作方式69第十章 招投标方案7010.1 项目招标执行文件及标准7010.2 项目招标范围、组织形式及方式7010.3 招投标组织71第十145、一章 建设实施进度安排7311.1 项目建设期7311.2 项目建设进度安排73第十二章 投资估算和资金筹措7412.1投资概算7412.2 资金筹措方案86第十三章 财务分析评价8713.1 财务评价依据8713.2 经营收入、税金及附加估算8713.3 利润估算9013.4 财务现金流量分析9013.5 盈亏平衡分析9013.6 敏感性分析9113.7 评价小结91第十四章 效益分析9314.1 经济效益9314.2 社会效益9414.3 生态效益95第十五章 风险分析及保障措施9615.1 项目主要风险因素分析9615.2 保障措施97第十六章 结论与建议10116.1 可行性研究结论10116.2 问题与建议101.50第十二章 经济分析.521、国民经济评价.52第十三章 社会评价.541、项目对社会的影响分析.542、互适性分析.553、社会风险分析.554、社会评价结论.56第十四章 工程招标.571、发包方式.572、招标组织形式.573、招标方式.584、本项目招标形式和招标内容.58第十五章 结论与建议.6012.1结论.6012.2 建议.60