1、1、施工准备1.1技术准备1.1.1砌块砌筑前应做好技术交底工作。1.1.2墙体砌筑前必须熟悉图纸，做好相应的施工准备。（1）放好砌体墙身位置线，门窗洞口等位置线，经验线符合设计图纸要求，预检合格。（2）按砌筑操作需要，找好标高，立好标尺杆。（4）配置异形尺寸砌块。1.2材料准备1.2.1空心砖、砌块的品种、强度等级符合设计要求，并规格一致、色泽均匀、边角整齐，符合材料规范要求。1.2.2砂浆：现场搅拌砂浆。（1）采用水泥砂浆。（2）施工前按设计文件的要求并将自拌砂浆的进场材料等有关资料纳入工程技术档案资料中。1.2.3其它材料：拉结筋、预埋件等应满足设计及规范要求。1.3机具准备铲、靠尺、手2、推车、刮尺、铁水平尺、卷尺、线坠、小白线等。2、施工方法2.1施工前准备2.1.1材料：轻骨料混凝土空心砌块砌筑时、其产品龄期应超过28天。砖在运输、装卸过程中，严禁倾倒和抛掷。经验收的砖，应分类堆放整齐，堆置高度不超过2m，堆垛上应设有标志，堆垛间应留有通道。严禁使用破损的砌块，不得使用被雨水淋湿的砌块。并应防止砌块被油污等污染。2.1.2砌筑前经结构墙上弹好1000mm标高的水平线，在相应部位弹好墙身边线、门窗洞口线，在结构墙柱上弹好砌筑墙的边线。2.1.3遇有穿墙管线，应预先核实其位置、尺寸，以预留为主，减少事后剔凿，损害墙体。2.1.4砌墙的前一天应将砌块墙与结构墙相连接的部位洒水湿润3、，保证砌体粘接牢固。砌筑墙体时，应向砌筑面适量浇水。2.2施工工艺流程墙体放线 砌块排列 铺砂浆 砌块就位 校正砌块浇水 砂浆镶砖 竖缝灌砂浆 勾缝2.3砌块施工方法2.3.1基层处理：将要砌墙的根部位的混凝土或砖表面清扫干净，用砂浆找平，拉线，用水平尺检查其平整度，当最下一皮的水平灰缝厚度大于20mm时，应用细石混凝土找平。 5.3.2排砖撂底：砌筑砌块墙前先在墙根部清理干净、整洁，无浮土。根据弹好的门窗洞口位置线，认真核对墙尺寸，其长度是否符合排砖模数，如不合模数时，尺寸较小时采用调整灰缝的方法。2.3.3组砌方法：砌块砌体采用全顺法。（1）砌砖，砌筑前应先根据墙长进行排砖，不够整块时可以4、用分头块或锯成需要的尺寸，但不得小于200mm。（2）应选择棱角整齐，无弯曲、裂纹，规格一致的砌块。（3）每皮砌块应使其底面朝上砌筑。（4）砌筑时满铺满挤，上下错缝，搭接长度不宜小于砌块长度的1/3，转角处相互咬砌搭接。（5）砌砖采用一铲灰、一块砖、一挤揉的“三一”砖砌法，砌砖时砖要放平。（6）砌块应对孔错缝搭砌，个别情况下无法对孔砌筑时，允许错孔砌筑，但搭接长度不应小于90mm。（7）在操作过程中出现偏差应及时纠正。2.3.5挂线：采用外手挂线，可照顾墙体两面平整，为下道工序控制抹灰厚度奠定基础。2.3.6砌体的灰缝厚度和宽度应正确。红机砖砌体砂浆灰缝应为8-12mm，轻集料砌体砂浆灰缝应为5、2-3mm。水平灰缝应平直，砂浆饱满，轻集料混凝土小型空心砌块及红机砖按净面积计算的砂浆饱满度不应低于80%。竖向灰缝应采用加浆方法，使其砂浆饱满，严禁用水冲浆灌缝，不得出现瞎缝、透明缝。竖缝的砂浆饱满度不应低于80%。砌块端头与墙、柱接缝处各涂刮5mm厚度的砂浆粘接，挤紧塞实，将挤出的砂浆刮平。2.3.7墙体转角处及交接处应同时砌起，如不能同时砌起时，应留置斜槎，斜槎的长度应等于或大于斜槎高度。2.3.8填充墙砌至接近梁、板底时，应留一定空隙，待填充墙砌筑完并至少间隔7天，砂浆应饱满。2.3.9拉结筋设置（1）按建筑施工图中位置，沿墙高每隔500mm（二皮砌块高度）一道。（2）内设26沿墙全6、长的通长钢筋，理平顺直置于砌体水平灰缝内。2.4构造柱的设置2.4.1设置部位：当墙长超过2倍的层高或墙长超过5m时，沿墙长度方向每隔5m或在墙体中部设置构造柱，截面详见“构造柱马牙槎设置详图”，配筋为412; 6200。采用植筋，植筋长度应将钻孔清理干净，其长度必须满足规范搭接要求。构造柱采用C25砼浇筑。另在墙体转角处、砌体丁字接关处、通窗或连窗的两侧均需设置构造柱。砌筑转墙体与加气混凝土砌块墙体的交接部位采用构造柱连接。在构造柱连接处墙体必须砌成马牙槎，马牙槎间距300mm或240mm，先退后进，同时，应沿墙高方向每隔500mm或600mm设置26拉结钢筋，每边伸入墙内不小于1m或伸至洞7、口边。如下图所示：2.5圈梁的设置当240厚墙高度超过4m（120厚墙超过3m）时，在墙高度方向中部或门洞顶部设置一道圈梁，截面为墙宽*200mm，配筋为212;6200。圈梁端部钢筋锚入构造柱或植入混凝土墙柱内。2.6过梁的设置墙高小于5米时在门窗洞口上部设置过梁，门过梁锚入墙体长度每边不小于300mm，其截面及配筋选用见下图： 2.6混凝土条带的设置2.6.1不砌到梁、板底的填充墙，在墙体板高处及墙顶设与柱连接并沿墙贯通的钢筋混凝土条带，现浇带高100mm。3.质量要求：3.1主控项目3.1.1砖及砌块的品种、强度等级必须符合设计要求。3.1.2砂浆品种、强度等级必须符合设计要求。同品种、8、同强度等级砂浆各组试块抗压强度平均值不小于设计强度值，任一组试块的强度最低值不小于设计强度的75%。3.1.3砌块灰缝尺寸应满足要求，并做到横平竖直、深浅一致、搭接平顺、光滑密实。不得有瞎缝、假缝、透明缝。墙体无裂缝、无渗漏。3.1.4构造柱、过梁等均应符合设计要求和规范、标准规定。3.1.5墙体预留洞口、暗埋管线的做法和质量应符合设计要求，严禁随意剔凿墙体和预留沟槽。3.1.6填充墙砌体拉结筋的砌筑层、位置和置于灰缝中的长度应符合设计要求。竖向位置偏差应符合规范规定。3.2一般项目3.2.1填充墙砌体一般尺寸的允许偏差应符合下表：项次项目允许偏差（mm）检 验 方 法1轴线位置偏移10用尺检9、查2垂直度小于或等于3m5用2m托线板或吊线和尺检查大于3m103表面平整度8用2m靠尺和楔型塞尺检查4门窗洞口高、宽（后塞口）5用尺检查5外墙上下窗口偏移20用经纬仪或吊线检查。注：对表中1、2项，在检验批标准间中随机抽查10%，但不应小于3间，大面积房间和楼道按两个轴线或每10延长米按标准间计数，每间检验不应小于3处。对表中3、4项，在检验批中抽检10%，且不应少于5处。3.2.2填充墙砌体的砂浆饱满度及检验方法应符合下表规定：砌体分类灰缝饱满度及要求检验方法空心砖砌体水平80%采用百格网检查块材底面砂浆的粘结痕迹面积垂直填满砂浆，不得有透明缝、瞎缝、假缝4.各项保证措施：4.1成品保护措10、施（1）墙体拉结筋、抗震构造柱钢筋及各种预埋件、暖卫、电气管线等，均应注意保护，不得任意拆改或破坏。（2）砂浆稠度应适宜，砌墙时应防止砂浆溅脏墙面。砌筑的落地砂浆要随时清理，防止污染地面。（3）不得站在刚砌的墙上进行其他操作，不得碰撞墙体或斜放其他材料。（4）施工电梯进料口周围，应用塑料薄膜或木板等遮盖，保持墙面洁净。（5）专业管线的改动不可避免，返工时不能人工剔凿，必须用开槽机切槽。并且任何墙体的开槽都必须征得总包的同意，不能随意施工。4.2安全保证措施4.2.1各种施工、操作人员须经安全培训，不得无证上岗，各种作业人员应配带相应的安全防护用具和劳保用品。严禁操作人员违章作业，管理人员违章指11、挥。4.2.2施工中所用机械、电器设备必须达到国家安全防护标准。5.3环境保护措施5.3.1施工时应尽可能的减少污染、烟尘、噪音。5.3.2施工现场的环保工作制度和措施要做到人人皆知。5.3.4现场运输通道畅通，做到无积水、无坑洼、无任何杂物，指定专人每天洒水、清扫，水源可取用搅拌站沉淀池和车辆冲洗池经过二次沉淀的水，使现场经常保持干净、整洁。5.3.5水泥等松散颗粒材料应放入水泥库中，防止刮风粉尘弥漫，影响环境卫生。5.3.6运输散装物料车厢应封闭，以免洒落。出入口设专人清理出入车辆及周围道路，防止遗洒。5.3.7材料装卸采用人工传递，特别是废弃砌块等，严禁抛掷或汽车一次性下料。Opinio12、ns and suggestions on the partys mass line educational practiceAccording to the central and provincial, municipal unified deployment, according to municipal Party committee about carrying out the partys mass line educational practice activity in the citys implementation opinions, the spirit of the p13、artys mass line educational practice activities from 20* in January to 99 months, carried out at all levels of departments and directly affiliated institutions and grass-roots party organizations. According to my actual County, the county to carry out the education practice put forward the following14、 implementation opinions.First, the overall requirementsCounty county education practice to the eighteen Party of eight, the spirit of the the third Plenary Session of the 18th CPC Central Committee as the guidance, conscientiously implement the spirit of general secretary Xi Jinping book series of 15、important speech, earnestly implement the Central Committee really, opinions and advice , party implementing the guiding ideology of opinions to determine the objectives and requirements, step method, in accordance with the look in the mirror, dress up, wash bath, cure treatment, the general require16、ments of for the people pragmatic honest people as the theme, in carrying forward the spirit of Zhuanglang Zhuang, improve their work style, service to the masses of the people, the foundation of consolidating grassroots, promote transformation across efforts, to further implement the central eight 17、regulations and The opposition party and government austerity waste regulations , double section provincial regulations, municipal provisions of the twelve plan and the implementation measures for on improving the work style of close ties with the masses law, highlight style building, carry out the 18、whole wind spirit, resolutely oppose formalism, bureaucracy, hedonism and wasteful extravagance to solve the problems, Party members and cadres of the style and the masses of people strong, the Ministry of Party members and cadres to further improve their thinking and understanding, to further chang19、e the style of the wind, the masses to close, honest and pragmatic people honest image to further establish the foundation to further reinforce the basic level. Style of the building of the new results to promote the construction of a powerful force of the county and the ecological culture of the co20、unty and county construction.In educational practice activities of the unit is mainly: the county and below county departments under the organs, enterprises and institutions directly under the township, street, and community, village, non-public economic organizations, social organizations and other21、 grass-roots organizations. Agencies and branches, each single unit, follow the rules on internal institutions. Educational practice with step by step.To adhere to the county leadership, leadership and leading cadres to focus on outstanding catch to directly contact the service of the masses of law 22、supervision departments and window units, service industry, educational practice, pay attention to grasp the heavy towns, streets and villages, community education activities and the masses of grassroots groups in close contact to strengthen, and the majority of Party members, cadres and the mass li23、ne line Marx doctrine view of the masses and the partys education.Always speak seriously as a basic attitude, adhere to positive education, to carry out criticism and self criticism group, adhere to the pragmatic, more emphasis on leadership, pay more attention to the layers of the demonstration, mo24、re focus on the four winds, solve the problem, pay more attention to open the door, the participation of the masses, pay more attention to the classification guidance. Orderly, pay more attention to the cooperation and cohesion driven, more strict requirements on injection, really supervision practi25、ce, ensure education practice is not empty is not empty is not partial, not as a mere formality.Two, the key point of the taskThe main task of the countys education practice is to seize against four wind this focus on centralized solve outstanding problems asked County, township leadership and leadi26、ng cadres of the four winds, the disadvantages of the style, scale behavior to a large scale investigation, overhaul, cleaning greatly. At the same time, respond to the concerns of the masses, safeguard the interests of the masses, pay attention to solve practical problems, solve the people around t27、he unwholesome tendencies especially on eat, take the card, Yong lazy luxury, extravagance and waste fees, privileges and other issues, timely and effective, without any discount to solve, to improve the style of real implementation of the requirements of real to the grassroots, real let group Benef28、it the public.(a) focus on solving the four winds outstanding issuesThe central and provincial requirements, the county leadership and leading cadres of key performance concept is not correct, do not dare to play, to engage in image project, political project, a leadership guide, a set of ideas, ord29、ers and prohibitions, and a policy, there are countermeasures county. The units directly under the heavy focus on solving Yung lazy drag, buck passing skin, work is not implemented, the service is not active. The dynamic problem of law enforcement and supervision departments and window units, servic30、e industry mainly solve the door hard, ugly face, something difficult, and arbitrary charges, fines, levies, and breach of privilege, chinakayao, not the problem of law. The township, street The collar of leading bodies and leading cadres to solve key does nottheir own conditions to develop the corr31、ect road, the maximum to avoid investment risk, gain profit.(three) vigorously promote the brand. To establish brand awareness, awareness of the use of brand, brand value, brand acquisition performance, enhance the competitive strength. Concentrated manpower, careful planning, packaging and publicit32、y of a number of unique, market influence and coverage of the brand, the implementation of key breakthroughs, to enhance the competitive strength, walking business road the competition of alienation and characteristics, the pursuit of stability and development of the market.(four) to promote the int33、egration of resources. To further broaden their horizons, effective integration of resources within the group, the city resources, other industries and regional resources, mutual trust, mutual benefit, seeking win-win principle, in the framework of national policies and regulations, strict inspectio34、n and argumentation, legal consultation, examination and approval procedures, strict regulation of economic activities, attract injection the social investment to the industry group, to achieve leveraging the development, ensure that the value of state-owned assets.(five) to strengthen the construct35、ion management personnel. Strengthen the management of education and training of cadres and workers of the existing business, firmly establish the concept of the market, enhance the sense of crisis to adapt to market competition, the sense of urgency, improve the ability to respond to market competi36、tion, improve management and operation of the market. At the same time, according to the need of industrial development, vigorously the introduction of high-quality management management personnel, and strive to build a high-quality professional management team, hard work, and promote the entire wor37、kforce knowledge structure, age structure, structure optimization and upgrading ability, enhance core competitiveness, adapt to the need of market competition.(six) seriously study the policy for policy. Serious research about social support the development of cultural undertakings in the country and the XX policy, especially the policy of industrial development, financial investment policy, financial policy and tax policy, and actively seek policy, projects and funds, enterprise and industry group mission to promote leapfrog development.