1、TOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNS3TOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNSAbout This Topic Guide was developed within the framework of the SUMPs-Up project,funded under the European Unions Horizon 2020 Research and Innovati
2、on Programme under Grant Agreement no 690669.TitleTopic Guide:Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning in Smaller Cities and Towns CitationRupprecht Consult(eds.).2021.Topic Guide:Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning in Smaller Cities and Towns.AuthorsLasse Brand,Susanne Bhler,Siegfried Rupprecht(Rupprech
3、t Consult)ContributorsMorgane Juliat,Henning Gnther,Wolfram Buchta,Kristian Salte,Daniel Mickos(Rupprecht Consult);Rasmus Sundberg(Trivector);Andrius Jarzemskis(Smart Continent);Thomas Durlin(Cerema);Antal Gertheis and Andrs Eks(Mobilissimus);Sebastian Spundflasch(TU Ilmenau).ReviewersThomas Durlin(
4、Cerema),Rasmus Sundberg(Trivector),Andras Ekes(Mobilissimus),lan OBrien(European Investment Bank/JASPERS);Vincent Leiner(European Commission-DG REGIO),Madeleine Kelly-Tychtl(European Commission -DG MOVE)Proofreading:Kristin Tovaass,Amelie Metze(Rupprecht Consult)Acknowledgement This publication is m
5、ade possible thanks to the contributions made by organisations involved in the SUMPs-Up project,all of whom are credited for their respective contributions.Disclaimer The views expressed in this publication are the sole responsibility of the authors named and do not necessarily reflect the views of
6、the European Commission.Copyright This publication is the copyright of Rupprecht Consult-Forschung&Beratung GmbH and is subject to Creative Commons License CC BY-NC-ND 4.0.All images in this publication are the property of the organisations or individuals credited.Cover picture:Delft PixabayDesign a
7、nd Layout:Morgane Juliat(Rupprecht Consult)ContactsRupprecht Consult GmbHClever Strasse 13-15,50668 Cologne,GermanyJuly 2021ImprintContentsGuide to the reader 5Executive summary 61 Introduction:The specific mobility challenges in smaller cities and towns 811 Target group 812 Mobility challenges 92 T
8、he benefits of SUMP for smaller cities and towns 1121 Mobility benefits 1122 Planning Benefits 123 The 8 SUMP principles in the context of smaller cities and towns 144 Sustainable urban mobility planning steps in smaller cities and towns 1841 PHASE 1:Preparation and analysis 19411 Step 1:Set up work
9、ing structures 20412 Step 2:Determine the planning framework 24413 Step 3:Analyse the mobility situation 2842 PHASE 2:Strategy development 32421 Step 4:Build and jointly assess scenarios 32422 Step 5:Develop a vision and objectives with stakeholders 33423 Step 6:Set targets and indicators 3743 PHASE
10、 3:Measure planning 40431 Step 7:Select measure packages with stakeholders 40432 Step 8:Agree on actions and responsibilities 45433 Step 9:Prepare for SUMP adoption and financing 4844 PHASE 4:Implementation and monitoring 50441 Step 10:Manage implementation 50442 Step 11:Monitor,adapt and communicat
11、e 52443 Step 12:Review and learn lessons 535 Sustainable mobility measures for smaller cities and towns 5551 Safe and healthy schools 5652 Liveable residential areas within a well-structured street network 5853 Strengthening cycling as a daily mode of transport 6054 Strengthening walking 6255 Public
12、 space activation 6456 Parking management for a vibrant city centre 6757 Attractive places for working and living 6858 Attractive public transport 7259 Tailored car and ridesharing 76510 Sustainable freight and logistics 796 List of references 817 Annex-Checklist 844TOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOB
13、ILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNS5TOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNSGuide to the readerThis document provides guidance on how to successfully develop and implement a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan(SUMP)in smaller cities and towns.It applies the conc
14、ept of SUMP,as outlined by the European Commissions Urban Mobility Package1 and described in detail in the European SUMP Guidelines(second edition)2,to the planning realities of urban areas with less than 100,000 inhabitants.Based on analyses of their specific challenges and opportunities,it present
15、s planning methods,tools and policies that have proven to be effective accompanied by good practise examples from all over Europe.As a self-standing document,this SUMP primer allows you to get the essentials of the SUMP Guidelines without having to consult the extensive main Guidelines.As a transpor
16、t planner or policymaker of a smaller city or town,we recommend reading this guide first.Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning is a strategic and integrated approach to dealing with the complexity of urban transport.Its core goal is to improve accessibility and quality of life by achieving a shift tow
17、ards sustainable mobility.SUMP advocates fact-based decision making guided by a long-term vision for sustainable mobility.It requires a thorough assessment of the current situation and future trends,a common vision with strategic objectives,and an integrated set of regulatory,promotional,financial,t
18、echnical and infrastructural measures.Implementing these measures to deliver the objectives should also be accompanied by reliable monitoring and evaluation.In contrast to traditional planning approaches,SUMP particularly emphasises the involvement and cooperation across different levels of governme
19、nt,with citizens,stakeholders,and private stakeholders.Further emphasis should also be placed on the coordination of policies between sectors(transport,land use,environment,economic development,social policy,health,safety,energy,etc.).This document is part of a compendium of guidance documents,compl
20、ementing the revised second edition of the SUMP Guidelines.They elaborate on difficult planning aspects in more detail,provide guidance for specific contexts,or focus on important policy fields.Two types of guidance document are available.While Topic Guides provide comprehensive planning 1 Annex 1 o
21、f COM(2013)91.2 Rupprecht Consult(editor),Guidelines for Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan,Second Edition,2019.recommendations on established topics,Practitioner Briefings are less elaborate documents addressing emerging topics with a higher level of uncertainty.So far,gu
22、idance documents have been published on how to address the following topics in a SUMP process:Planning process:Participation;Monitoring and evaluation;Institutional cooperation;Measure selection;Action planning;Funding and financing;Procurement.Contexts:Metropolitan regions;Polycentric regions;Small
23、er cities;National support.Policy fields:Safety;Health;Energy(SECAPs);Logistics;Walking;Cycling;Parking;Shared mobility;Mobility as a Service;Intelligent Transport Systems;Electrification;Access regulations;Automation;Resilience;Social impact assessment;Gender and vulnerable groups.They are part of
24、a growing knowledge database that will be regularly updated with new guidance contexts.The latest documents are always available in the Mobility Plans section of the European Commissions urban mobility observatory Eltis(www.eltis.org).Image Freepik6TOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN
25、SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNS7TOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNSExecutive summaryThis guide applies the SUMP Guidelines to the planning realities of smaller cities and towns.Recent surveys have shown that cities with a population of less than 100,000 are much less
26、 likely to develop Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans(SUMPs)than their larger counterparts and are also underrepresented in good practice databases and the community of experts.This indicates that they face specific challenges and need a dedicated guidance document for this target group.Smaller cities
27、 and towns often have fewer resources and expertise for strategic mobility planning,making it more difficult to develop SUMPs.They also tend to have a stronger car-dependency and weaker public transport,which can make it feel even more daunting to pursue a sustainable vision.On the other hand,smalle
28、r cities and towns often have well-connected social communities and more walkable and bikeable distances,offering ideal opportunities for sustainable mobility.Based on an analysis of their specific challenges and opportunities,this guide provides smaller cities and towns with planning methods,tools
29、and policies that have proven to work well in smaller urban areas.It also includes a variety of good practice examples from all over Europe,highlighting the benefits of SUMP for some of the most common problems in smaller cities and towns.Image Freepiksmaller cities and towns often have well-connect
30、ed social communities and more walkable and bikeable distances”8TOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNS91.INTRODUCTION1.INTRODUCTIONTOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNS1 Introduction:The specific mobility challenges in smalle
31、r cities and townsin their hinterland.8 This causes daily flows of people and goods between the cities and their surroundings.While towns usually provide basic infrastructure and daily services for the surrounding communities,smaller cities tend to also provide periodical services,such as hospitals,
32、cinemas,law practices,public swimming pools and secondary schools.However,the functional position does not only depend on the size of the settlement,but also on its spatial location in relation to other cities:If there are no cities of similar or bigger size close by(centre of its catchment area),th
33、e settlement usually is an administrative and economic centre with more jobs and services and many inbound commuters.If it is part of a network of two or more smaller cities of similar size located close to each other(polycentric region),they tend to share functions,leading to a network of inbound a
34、nd outbound traffic flows.However,if the town is located close to one or more bigger cities(for example within a metropolitan area),it usually offers fewer jobs and services and many residents commute to the neighbouring bigger city for work and periodical services.Depending on how close by it is,a
35、smaller city can even function more like a suburb.The economic strength and growth dynamics also influence the means and possibilities for sustainable mobility.While smaller cities in metropolitan areas are often growing,mainly as affordable housing locations for commuters,many other towns struggle
36、to remain prosperous and competitive in a globalised economy.Even though many different kinds of smaller cities and towns exist,they face common challenges in mobility planning such as limited resources,car-dependent communities and weak public transport.This guide is written for the full range of s
37、maller cities and towns,providing examples of different types,sizes and geographic locations but leaving aside extreme cases with very specific challenges,such as tourist destinations with major seasonal variations.In general,it should be understood as a flexible and inspirational document rather th
38、an providing strict instructions.Planners and policy-makers are encouraged to select what is optimal for them and to make adaptions as required to their specific planning situation.8 https:/www.espon.eu/programme/projects/espon-2013/applied-research/town-%E2%80%93-small-and-medium-sized-towns 12 Mob
39、ility challenges Smaller cities and towns develop Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans less often,and are less familiar with strategic transport planning than bigger cities,due to limited resources and the perception that the negative impact of traffic is less severe.9 This perception misses the manifol
40、d consequences of a transport system.For example,while air pollution indeed tends to be less of a problem,smaller cities are often heavily affected by the lack of activity of their residents,the effect of shop closures or the discontinuation of other services in the town centre,by young people movin
41、g away,by unsafe roads and speeding cars,and by noise from through traffic.Mobility situationIn terms of the mobility situation,smaller cities and towns tend to be car-oriented communities with a low share of public transport.Getting around by car is often the easiest option,as there is little conge
42、stion and few parking constraints.Residents benefit from more walkable and bikeable distances within the town,but travel longer distances on average,as many people commute to other towns for work,school or other daily necessities.This and the often lacking infrastructure for walking and cycling lead
43、s to a lower share of active modes.Providing attractive public transport is often a challenge in smaller cities.If it is in place,it tends to have a low frequency and does not cover all areas.10 In many cases,it is too costly to provide regular public transport due to a small number of potential use
44、rs as well as often large areas that need to be covered.On the other hand,these cities face the same demographical changes as larger municipalities with a rising number of older people and a poor public transport service at the same time.11 A challenge is to organise public transport regionally,acro
45、ss municipal borders.Since many people commute to other towns every day to work,study or shop,this is a crucial issue,but often not coordinated well.12These specific circumstances mean that different types of measure are useful in smaller cities and towns compared to bigger cities.Measures that requ
46、ire a certain density or city size(e.g.free-floating car or bike-sharing,metros,trams)or large investments and specialised technical capacities(e.g.Intelligent Transportation Systemmeasures)tend to be difficult.On the other hand,there are often opportunities to greatly improve the situation with pro
47、ven measures(e.g.walking and cycling paths,modernised bus systems,safe road Many of the resources on sustainable mobility planning are aimed at larger cities.However,a large number of European citizens live in smaller cities and towns,which face their own specific challenges.In this guide,we take a
48、closer look at the planning methods,tools and policies that have proven to work well on a smaller scale.11 Target groupThis guide is written for transport planners and policymakers in smaller cities and towns,defined3 as settlements with a population of 5,000 to 100,000 people and a density of more
49、than 300 people per km.This differentiates them from rural areas and larger cities.Compared with other continents,Europe is characterised by many smaller cities and towns4.Half of all the cities in the EU,420 out of 828,are smaller cities(population of 50,000 to 100,000)and are home to 7.5%of the 3
50、Combination of ESPON and Eurostat definitions.ESPON:https:/www.espon.eu/programme/projects/espon-2013/applied-research/town-%E2%80%93-small-and-medium-sized-towns;Eurostat:http:/ec.europa.eu/eurostat/statistics-explained/index.php?title=Glossary:City;http:/ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgen
51、er/focus/2012_01_city.pdf.ESPON&Eurostat:Town 5,000;Small city=50,000 100,000.Density of 300/km=town in ESPON terminology.4 Eurostat 2016,p.9,http:/ec.europa.eu/eurostat/web/products-statistical-books/-/KS-01-16-691 population.5 There are over 8,000 towns with 5,000 to 50,000 inhabitants which accou
52、nts for 21.6%of the population.6 Together,this means that almost 30%of the EU population live in smaller cities and towns.But population size and density are not the only important factors for transport planning:the administrative and functional position of a settlement also has a strong impact.7 Th
53、e administrative competencies of smaller cities and towns vary considerably between countries,but in most EU member states they represent a segment of the local government with some degree of authority for mobility planning in its territory.The functional position of cities is influenced by their si
54、ze.The majority have a clustering effect of jobs,services and other functions that serve other settlements 5 Based on data for EU27+Croatia,Iceland,Norway and Switzerland for 2006:European Commission 2012,p.4,http:/ec.europa.eu/regional_policy/sources/docgener/focus/2012_01_city.pdf 6 Servillo L.,At
55、kinson R.,Smith I.,Russo A.,Skora L.,Demazire C.,Hamdouch A.(2014)TOWN,small and medium sized towns in their functional territorial context,Final Report,Espon,Luxembourg,p.8.https:/www.espon.eu/programme/projects/espon-2013/applied-research/town-%E2%80%93-small-and-medium-sized-towns7 Akademie Fr Ra
56、umforschung und Landesplannung(2016):”Space in Crisis The Future of Small&Medium-Sized Cities”(Conference note).&https:/www.ippr.org/files/publications/pdf/city-systems_June2016.pdf Image:Lindau Eurocities-European Mobility Week 11TOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND
57、 TOWNS10TOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNS1.INTRODUCTIONinfrastructure),because these“low-hanging fruit”have not been harvested due to a lack of investment.Many solutions specifically target the mobility structure of smaller communities(e.g.on-demand buses)or
58、 work particularly well there(e.g.cost efficiently and quickly creating a useful cycling network with speed reductions and bicycle boulevards).Planning contextIn terms of planning,limited resources and capacities can sometimes be a substantial barrier.These are manifested on several levels.Smaller c
59、ities have smaller budgets,there are fewer people available to work on strategic mobility planning and the staff can be less specialized since one person must usually cover several planning and management areas.13.As a result,there can be weaker coordination of planning activities in the region,and
60、measures can be selected ad-hoc with limited consideration of strategic goals.If SUMPs are developed,they are often dependent on the motivation,enthusiasm and skills of only a few decision makers14 and innovative projects must often be outsourced to external consultants15.Lower capacities make it al
61、so harder to acquire new knowledge and resources.Planners often lack the time and expertise to apply for funding,especially for EU funds,or to learn from available European knowledge and good practice,which is often too general and from bigger cities.16 It can also be more difficult for them to shap
62、e and adapt to 13 http:/sump-network.eu/fileadmin/user_upload/trainings/all_english/PROSPERITY_SUMP_SMC_Resource_pack_EN.pdf p.6;Schutz 2000,p.3,http:/onlinepubs.trb.org/onlinepubs/millennium/00130.pdfn;https:/www.suits-project.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Contextualisation-of-project-cities.pdfp.3
63、5 and p.41.“often lack the time to build knowledge and expertise in certain subject areas due to the low personnel capacity.This missing expertise,as well as technical studies or economic studies,must be purchased at great expense from external consultants,what does not always lead to the desired su
64、ccess.”(p.41);Often no one working specifically on urban mobility.The topic is covered by other departments,e.g.for architecture or economics.That is the reason why small towns usually hire external consultancies to develop the SUMP.Source:Dr.Andrius Jarzemskis,Smart Continent,personal communication
65、 23/01/202014 http:/www.epomm.eu/newsletter/v2/eupdate.php?nl=0216&lan=en15 “Mobility planners,especially in smaller cities,usually have a traffic planning background,with a high focus on infrastructure,motorized traffic and planning procedures.In addition,in smaller cities,the mobility departments
66、are very small and often only one person is responsible for mobility planning.Therefore,projects that require expertise in innovative subject areas are often outsourced.”https:/www.suits-project.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Contextualisation-of-project-cities.pdf p.4416 https:/www.suits-project.eu/
67、wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Contextualisation-of-project-cities.pdf p.41related planning activities at e.g.regional,national or TEN-T level.This guide acknowledges the difficult context in smaller cities and provides concrete advice on how to achieve a good SUMP with limited resources.Once it is in p
68、lace,a SUMP can make life for planners significantly easier.Having a plan with clear measures and a list of priorities as something to lean against,a planner can use the limited time to focus on more operative tasks.On the other hand,lower institutional complexity can facilitate effective SUMP proce
69、sses.Smaller cities tend to have fewer challenges with institutional cooperation than bigger cities due to the smaller size of the administration17.Under the right conditions,it can be easier to move ahead and implement measures as fewer people must be involved in the decision-making.This makes it e
70、ven more important to have a leader,optimally the mayor,who makes sustainable mobility their topic and drives it forward.If such a political champion is in place,together with a committed group of supporters and planners that does not have to be large,they can improve things rather quickly,much fast
71、er than in a bigger city where they risk getting entangled in the complex web of city governance.However,the ability to act quickly also has its limits.Smaller cities are often quite dependent on higher planning levels,such as the regional level,especially with regard to public transport and major r
72、oad infrastructure.They tend to have less planning authorities of their own and less power to influence the surrounding territory and involve neighbouring local authorities than a larger city18.17 https:/www.suits-project.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Contextualisation-of-project-cities.pdf p.37Howe
73、ver,institutional complexity is not always lower in smaller cities.This depends on the institutional setup in each country.In France,for example,the situation is the other way around.In big cities,almost all competences are gathered at the inter-municipality level,which is the same as the planning a
74、uthority.In smaller cities,inter-municipal planning authorities tend to have less competences,as municipalities tend to keep more competences.In particular regarding road infrastructures(including pathways,cycle lanes,).So that the complexity is higher and the coordination is more difficult.Source:T
75、homas Durlin,Cerema,personal communication,31/01/2020.18 Urban mobility planning in cities and towns with less than 100.000 inhabitants.Planning challenges and opportunities,Luca Mercatelli-AREA Science Park,1st European Conference on Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans,Trieste Sopot,Poland 12-13/6/201
76、4.2 The benefits of SUMP for smaller cities and towns21 Mobility benefitsRemaining attractive places to work and live Smaller cities and towns need to actively shape their future if they want to remain economically prosperous and attractive places to live and work,and a Sustainable Urban Mobility Pl
77、an can help them to achieve this.There is a general trend in Europe of young people moving to bigger cities to study or find work.19 Many smaller cities outside metropolitan areas struggle to compete in the globalised economy.They have difficulty in creating knowledge-based jobs that,for example,cou
78、ld convince young people to move back to their hometowns following their university studies.This is particularly difficult for smaller cities in Central-Eastern Europe,many of which have lost over a quarter of their population since their countries joined the EU in 2004.20 Many smaller cities are al
79、so struggling to attract highly-qualified residents of working-age for existing jobs,including doctors and others needed for basic services.This is also a big problem for global companies located in smaller areas,as many hidden European champions struggle to attract qualified employees despite offer
80、ing high salaries.Widespread cuts in public services due to tight public budgets and austerity programmes tend to reinforce the decline.At the same time,smaller cities have positive attributes that bigger cities usually lack,such as less noise,cleaner air,a safer and greener environment,and a tight-
81、knit social network.This offers great opportunities,especially to attract young families if smaller cities manage to provide the level of accessibility to jobs and culture that people expect.As a policymaker in a smaller city,you may want to consider helping your city to innovate and become an attra
82、ctive place to work and live by building on your strengths,such as more walkable and bikeable distances and a pleasant living environment,and combining them with better access to the amenities people want.Bike-friendly,walkable and attractive public 19 PETITE Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans for Sma
83、ll Cities and Towns p.620 Source:Dr.Andrius Jarzemskis,Smart Continent,personal communication 23/01/2020.spaces have become major selling points to attract and retain residents.Improving the health of citizensEven though green spaces and nature are close by,residents of smaller cities show decreasin
84、g levels of daily activity,which negatively affects their health.This is partly due to reliance on the car in towns and smaller cities,which SUMPs can help to address.Preparing for an ageing society/Providing accessibility for allEuropes population is ageing but,due to urbanisation and the emigratio
85、n of young people to bigger cities,the population of smaller cities is ageing more quickly.In shrinking towns far from metropolitan regions,especially in Central-Eastern Europe,it is mainly older people who remain,so the average age is rising.21 This creates new challenges for cities that need to pr
86、ovide mobility options for a growing number of older people who cannot or do not want to drive a car anymore.SUMP helps to improve access to services(shops,school,health,culture,)and jobs,in particular for non-motorized people.This includes not only older people but everyone who does not own a car,s
87、uch as children,young adults,low-income households and people who cannot drive due to health reasons.In particular,there are significant problems connected with mobility in smaller cities,mainly for young people.Alternative solutions are needed for them to get to their evening activities,where the c
88、ar is often the only possibility.As a transport planner in a small city,you may want to consider a SUMP that includes the construction of an attractive cycling network and better public transport options in the evenings and weekends to help address this problem.As a transport planner,you may want to
89、 consider using both transport and land-use planning tools to provide better opportunities to move around without a car,to make life easier for almost everyone,even those who 21 Source:Dr.Andrius Jarzemskis,Smart Continent,personal communication 23/01/2020.“From my point of view,especially since Ben
90、idorm is a tourist city,SUMP helps to clearly visualise all the transport measures and engage both visitors and citizens,with an informed approach.”-Jesus Alba,Responsible for SUMP development in Benidorm,Spain(pop.68,721)12TOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNS1
91、32.THE BENEFITS OF SUMP FOR SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNS2.THE BENEFITS OF SUMP FOR SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNSTOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNSSUMP helps to resolve this by showing a project integrated within a sound strategic framework.This can help get better acc
92、ess to funding:a)helps to have projects in the pipeline to be able to react quickly once funding opportunities arise,b)helps planners to demonstrate the impact of individual measures on key performance indicators,making funding proposals more attractive,c)is a competitive advantage especially when a
93、pplying for EU funds.23Coordinating actions regionallyMobility planning in smaller cities requires the coordination of policies and services of many stakeholders transport and urban planners,local and regional policy makers,urban and interurban public transport providers within and across different
94、administrative boundaries.24 SUMP is a good vehicle to structure the process and improve cooperation both horizontally and vertically.It helps smaller cities to generate a multi-level and multi-stakeholder dialogue on how to develop the mobility system in the region,resulting in a number of coordina
95、ted measures.Making more effective use of limited resources25As a small city administration,developing a SUMP may help you use your limited resources more effectively.Firstly,you can save financial resources.The plan includes packages of measures,prioritised by their likely contribution to the objec
96、tives of the city.This helps smaller cities to invest their limited budget into measures that deliver.SUMP moves the focus from building new road infrastructure to a more balanced mix of measures.By combining infrastructure and technical measures with regulatory,promotional and financial measures,mo
97、bility goals can be achieved much more efficiently.Choosing the most effective measures is particularly important in smaller cities because individual measures tend to use a larger share of the budget(a new bus station or crossroads entail similar costs in a large and 23 Speech of Herald Ruijters,Di
98、rector DG MOVE,at CIVITAS Forum 201924 Poly-SUMP Guidelines p.525 Source:Rasmus Sundberg,Trivector,personal communication 20/01/2020a small city,but the budget of a smaller city is always lower).26 Secondly,a SUMP can save time for planners.With a clear strategy backing you as a planner,you can use
99、your limited time to focus on more operative tasks.The plan helps to avoid having to look into the likely usefulness of measures whenever they(re)appear in the local political debate.It also gives guidance to respond to requests by politicians or citizens.Having the“why”,“what”and“when”clearly agree
100、d,planners can switch focus to the actual implementation of measures.This aspect is particularly important for smaller towns where a municipal employee might have many areas of responsibility,not only transport.Boosting resilience through effective knowledge management27 Since the number of personne
101、l focusing on transport is limited in the administration of a small city,the administrations combined knowledge depends on the knowledge and skills of a few people.If one of these officials retires or leaves for another job,important administrative knowledge might be lost.A SUMP captures some of the
102、 knowledge and helps new staff to get a clear overview of the current situation and future plans.The implementation can continue without being questioned.26 In a small city,an expensive measure,such as a new bridge for car traffic,can use up a whole years budget,making it impossible to finance for e
103、xample new bike lanes.This makes it even more important to prioritise the most effective measures.27 Source:Rasmus Sundberg,Trivector,personal communication 20/01/2020have a car.Any family will benefit if their children can walk,cycle or take the bus to school.Many children like to be independent,an
104、d their parents avoid being the“taxi service”,driving them to every single hobby and activity.Addressing congestion,safety and liveability issuesDespite their smaller size,towns also face safety problems,liveability issues and noise problems due to growing motorisation.This holds true especially for
105、 growing commuter towns or towns along major roads,which have to deal with a high level of through traffic.The deterioration of air quality and growing noise levels that come with population growth and densification are intensely debated in many smaller cities,as they threaten the very advantages th
106、at residents value in smaller towns.Commuter towns located close to bigger cities are often booming but face the additional challenge of becoming anonymous residential areas and losing their own character and liveliness.A SUMP can help to develop strategies to address these liveability issues and to
107、 work towards an attractive,vibrant town.22 Planning BenefitsAchieving visibility and securing fundingSUMP helps to coordinate at higher political levels.It helps to achieve visibility and to be recognised.Smaller cities are often disadvantaged in the competition for national or EU funding because t
108、heir voice is considered less important.As a policymaker of a small city,you may be used to having less access to higher-level forums and networking events as well as less capacity to have your voice heard through lobbying.2222 PETITE Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans for Small Cities and Towns p.6Th
109、e benefits of SUMP are many.One of the main positive aspects is to plan mobility thinking around all modes of transport and prioritize those actions that generate greater improvement for air quality and sustainability.It is a good tool to highlight the actions needed to achieve real modal shift.”-La
110、ura Llavina,Head of Mobility Services at the Municipality of Granollers,Spain(pop.61,275)“Ginosa has recently received regional funding of 3 million euros thanks to its SUMP strategy”-Lore-dana Modugno,Municipality of Ginosa,Italy(pop.22,226)Image Tivat Eurocities-European Mobility Week152.THE BENEF
111、ITS OF SUMP FOR SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNSTOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNS14TOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNSSustainable Urban Mobility Planning,as defined in the European Commissions Urban Mobility Package,is based o
112、n eight guiding principles.28 These principles are equally important for smaller cities as for larger cities,but the way they are put into practice tends to differ due to the more limited resources and different transport system:Plan for sustainable 1 mobility in the“functional urban area”The core a
113、im of sustainable urban mobility planning is to improve accessibility and provide safe,clean and equitable mobility for the entire functional urban area.To achieve this,you should plan for this integrated area of daily flows of people and goods,rather than a municipal administrative area.As a transp
114、ort planner of a small city,you may want to consider this principle as most traffic flows often cross smaller cities municipal boundaries.Planning based on actual flows of people and goods is an important criterion to generate a relevant and comprehensive plan.The aim of improving accessibility and
115、providing safe,clean and equitable mobility is usually challenging for smaller cities(see above,strong car dependency).It requires cooperation at the functional urban area(FUA)level,e.g.to offer an attractive regional bus network that no municipality could implement on their own.As a policymaker of
116、a small city located in FUA,it is generally not possible to lead a SUMP for the entire area,but it is still possible to give important impulses.This also holds true for smaller cities that are located within the commuting zone of a bigger city.The decisions 28 This section draws strongly on Annex 1
117、of the Urban Mobility Package(COM(2013)913),but has been adapted by the authors of this guide to the planning realities of smaller cities and towns.mobility policy will contribute to the aims of other sectors(health,environment,economy,social policy,etc.).As part of a SUMP process,joint measures are
118、 often implemented with pooled resources from several sectors.For example,a cross-sectoral challenge exists if fewer pupils walk to school,which makes them less focused in class,creating an educational problem,but also causes safety risks from cars dropping off children in front of schools,creating
119、a mobility problem.A common walking campaign carried out together with the police,educational and mobility departments(or units)would tackle the problems each of them is facing.As a planner in a small city,you may be busy with standard tasks and have little time for extra work.Therefore,it is import
120、ant to organise cross-sectoral cooperation not as an extra burden or a heavy formalised process,but as something that will help you save time and be part of standard routines.This will come easier in smaller cities,where the administration tends to be less specialised and less divided into departmen
121、tal silos.3 Involve citizens and stakeholdersSustainable urban mobility planning follows a transparent and participatory approach.Citizens and a diverse set of civil society and transport stakeholders are actively involved throughout the planning process to ensure a high level of acceptance and supp
122、ort.This minimises political risks and facilitates implementation.Limited resources in smaller cities can make it difficult to find time for participation activities.This calls for a focused and hands-on approach to participation.In terms of stakeholders,a sound planning dialogue with politicians an
123、d other key stakeholders that could block actions should be the priority.Expert committees,institutional and personal contacts are also useful means to establish cooperation based on mutual trust.In terms of citizen participation,smaller cities can use the social ties of their community to reach a w
124、ide audience with limited effort.While society is spread across many different niches in bigger cities,towns still hold events which gather all parts of society,such as the annual spring celebration or similar public festivals.In addition,there are often local associations that are very committed to
125、 the traditions and to the future of their town.Therefore,as a planner,you might consider using these gatherings and groups to anchor the SUMP process within the local community.4 Assess current and future performanceSustainable urban mobility planning builds on a thorough assessment of the current
126、and future performance of the transport system.It identifies the main problems and opportunities for sustainable mobility,including future trends,and establishes a baseline and alternative scenarios against which progress can be measured.It is essential,especially for smaller cities,to stay focused
127、and make the best use of available resources.Analysis of current and future performance is best achieved by identifying key issues,and then focusing any in-depth analysis on these.Establishing a few core indicators may give a good overview of how sustainable mobility in the town is developing.To red
128、uce the effort,use existing data collected by other organisations as much as possible(public transport operator statistics,national statistics on registered vehicles,police data on road accidents,etc.).There is a risk that a SUMP analysis may focus in great depth on road transport,at the expense of
129、walking and cycling.As active mobility is a crucial pillar of sustainable mobility in any small city or town,it is important to achieve the correct balance of analysis across modes.Nowadays a broad range of tools exists for walking and cycling analysis that helps to quickly identify the barriers and
130、 gaps in the network.Traditional data collection methods can provide more than enough information for a good analysis and qualitative scenarios can be just as useful.When faced with limited resources for SUMP development,it is recommended to cover the basics well,and to focus the detailed technical
131、analysis only on those aspects that require more specific attention.5 Define a long-term vision and a clear implementation planSustainable urban mobility planning follows a long-term vision for urban mobility and breaks it down into strategic objectives.It equally needs to plan for short-term implem
132、entation of the vision and objectives through 3 The 8 SUMP principles in the context of smaller cities and towns“A Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan is a strategic plan designed to satisfy the mobility needs of people and busi-nesses in cities and their surroundings for a better quality of life.It bui
133、lds on existing planning practices and takes due consideration of integration,participation,and evaluation principles.”Source:Rupprecht Consult(editor),Guidelines for Developing and Implementing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan,Second Edition,2019,p.9.of the dominating core city or higher political
134、 levels often have a strong effect on their accessibility and mobility.For example,when a bigger core city needs to decrease the number of car commuters due to high air pollution,it limits road access and expands public transport.Then surrounding municipalities develop new housing areas without publ
135、ic transport access,resulting in congested roads,long commutes and pollution.But good cooperation with the dominant urban centre and the regional level can help to achieve good accessibility and sustainable mobility.It can help to identify common problems that require cooperation(e.g.congested roads
136、 for commuters),and solutions which will benefit all municipalities(e.g.better commuter train or bus connections,park&ride facilities or bicycle highways).2 Cooperate across institutional boundariesSustainable urban mobility planning is characterised by a high level of cooperation.This includes coop
137、eration with a wide range of departments relevant to mobility(especially transport,land use,environment,economic development,social policy,health,safety,and energy),exchange with higher levels of government and coordination with transport providers.Just as much as regional cooperation(see principle
138、1),a close exchange within the local administration is also important for smaller cities,as it helps to achieve synergies and avoid inconsistent or competing policies by different sectors.Positive relationships with colleagues from other sectors are important to even get the SUMP process started.As
139、financial and technical resources are limited,deciding to develop a mobility plan requires a genuine commitment.The decision to prioritise this will be easier if you make it clear that a 16TOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNS173.THE 8 SUMP PRINCIPLES IN THE CON
140、TEXT OF SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNS3.THE 8 SUMP PRINCIPLES IN THE CONTEXT OF SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNSTOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNSmeasure packages,specifying their timing,budget and responsibilities.Goal-oriented planning is a key element of SUMP that is eq
141、ually important for smaller and bigger cities.Analyses of successful cities show that what they share is a broad political agreement on a mobility vision which they follow consistently.29 In cities such as Copenhagen,Freiburg,Ghent,Groningen,Malm,Strasbourg,Vienna or Vitoria Gasteiz,sustainable mobi
142、lity is no longer an issue for certain political parties or planning departments as it is the norm across the political spectrum and planning sectors.While it takes persistence and dedication to establish a broad agreement,the actual definition of a vision can be a quick exercise in smaller cities.I
143、f prepared well,it can happen for example in a condensed workshop format with the most involved colleagues,politicians and key stakeholders.Develop all transport 6 modes in an integrated mannerOverall,it is a challenge for all cities to implement measures that deliver the vision.Once specific projec
144、ts are discussed,it can be difficult to assert the importance of long-term objectives against gut feelings and short-term political gains,resulting in the implementation of measures that are not always in line with the agreed objectives.While many smaller cities are good at agreeing on the vision an
145、d objectives at a high-level,it can often be a struggle to turn them into actions.30 A major focus of the SUMP process should therefore be the identification and planning of effective measures,even if some of the measures are not immediately popular.31 To achieve genuine change with a SUMP after its
146、 adoption,the difficult discussions of funding,completion dates and responsibilities may be unavoidable.This usually happens in a series of meetings gathering all those who should play a role in financing,designing and 29 Tom Rye,CIVITAS Prosperity project,Experience and good practice in Sustainable
147、 Urban Mobility Planning in other European countries,9th May 2019.30 Assessment based on many years of working with smaller Swedish cities.Source:Rasmus Sundberg,Trivector,personal communication,21/01/2020.31 For example,traffic calming and parking management.For more details on recommended measures
148、 for smaller cities and towns see chapter 5.implementing measures at the end of which timing,budget and clear responsibilities for the next 2-3 years can be agreed and politically adopted,as well as the framework for delivering on the longer term goals.Sustainable urban mobility planning fosters int
149、egrated development of all relevant transport modes while supporting a shift towards sustainable mobility.It uses integrated sets of regulatory,promotional,financial,technical and infrastructural measures to achieve its vision and objectives.The measures usually cover collective mobility(traditional
150、 public transport as well as new sharing services),active mobility(walking and cycling),multimodality,road traffic and parking,and urban logistics,focusing on improving road safety,equitable accessibility,the liveability of public spaces,and air and noise pollution in all areas.Smart allocation of d
151、ifferent types of measure is useful in any city as it makes actions more effective and increases their acceptability.It is beneficial,especially for cities with tight budgets,to think beyond building new infrastructure.It usually provides better value-for-money to start with improvements of the exis
152、ting infrastructure,combined with regulatory and promotional measures,as well as efficiency measures that decrease operational costs.Promoting sustainable mobility can feel like a daunting task in many smaller cities where most travel is done by car and public transport is weak.The choice of measure
153、s depends on the specific situation of each city,but it is usually an important part of the solution to improve connections by car to other modes of transport.To create better conditions for walking and cycling,planners may address parking management and speed reduction schemes as crucial measures,f
154、or example starting around schools,in the town centres and in some residential areas.For more advanced cities,circulation plans can be a powerful tool to shift towards sustainable mobility.For travel between towns,a better regional organisation of the bus system,including the integration of fares an
155、d schedules,often makes a big difference.Restructuring the network around public transport hubs with feeder services also has great potential.This can be combined with regional cycle paths leading to the hubs,to exploit the current trend towards electric bicycles,Park+Ride and Bike+Ride facilities,a
156、nd on-demand buses that serve rural areas.For towns within metropolitan regions,a better connection should be targeted to the public transport systems of nearby bigger cities.Towns can get active in other ways beyond transport measures.High-speed internet and teleworking options can contribute to im
157、proved job accessibility without the need to travel;while the support of public services,schools,health care,entertainment venues and creative spaces can attract new residents and revitalize towns.For more details on recommended measures for smaller cities and towns see chapter 5.7 Arrange for monit
158、oring and evaluationThe implementation of a SUMP and its mobility measures is monitored and evaluated closely.General progress towards strategic objectives and targets is assessed regularly based on clear indicators.Systematic monitoring of individual measures allows to adapt to changing circumstanc
159、es and optimise future actions.This is probably the principle that is omitted first when time and resources are limited.But even with the tightest of budgets,it pays off to think about monitoring,as it lets you improve actions and thus save money in the future.Evaluation can also be important to ens
160、ure continued public support for measures.Planners in smaller cities are especially recommended to limit themselves to a small number of progress indicators that do not require unrealistic amounts of data collection.It is more useful to regularly get a rough status update than to conduct a very deta
161、iled analysis every 20 years.To make data collection manageable,cooperation with other organisations is useful.Together,different municipal units,public transport operators,regional authorities,the national statistics office,and sometimes local universities can present a good dataset that helps to a
162、void unrealistic amounts of data collection.A pragmatic approach is recommended also for the monitoring of measures.The impact of every action can not be measured,but it pays off to monitor the most critical and controversial measures.This will help to increase public and political support,and to co
163、nvince critics with data when the public debate gets emotional.8 Assure qualityA Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan is a key document for the development of an urban area.To ensure high quality in all mobility planning activities,mechanisms should be in place to review the quality of the plan and to ma
164、nage risks during its implementation.These tasks can be delegated to external quality reviewers or another government institution(e.g.at the regional or national level),while they can be facilitated by using tools like the SUMP Self-Assessment.The delicate issue of carsAny change creates concern.A k
165、ey message to increase support by car drivers and politicians can be that SUMP is not against the car,but in favour of a more effective use of cars,as well as providing real options for those who do not wish to use a car.While a private car driving door-to-door with a single occupant is indeed an in
166、effective use of energy and road space,cars are an important part of a multimodal mobility system.They bring people to public transport hubs(first-mile),allow for common journeys to work or school(carpooling),can be shared to fulfil specific needs such as transporting heavy items or getting to remot
167、e locations for recreation(car sharing)and will of course remain the primary transport mode for many rural areas.18TOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNSTOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNS194.SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLAN
168、NING STEPS IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNS4.SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING STEPS IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNSThe SUMP cycle has established itself as the main visualisation of a planning process following the SUMP principles.It provides a clear structure of four phases and twelve steps that planners
169、 can follow.This is,of course,an idealised representation of a complex planning process.Steps often run in parallel,the order of tasks may be adapted to specific needs,or a step may be partially omitted because results are available from another planning exercise.Nonetheless,the SUMP cycle provides
170、useful guidance in structuring and keeping track of the process.In a nutshell,the SUMP process includes the following key tasks:A political decision initiates the SUMP process and provides overall guidance and leadership;Effective working structures are set up that bring key stakeholders on board an
171、d allow for effective cooperation within the functional urban area;A sound analysis identifies the main problems and opportunities and informs decision making;A shared vision,objectives and targets set the strategic direction;Integrated measure packages are defined that can deliver the objectives an
172、d targets;Measure packages are operationalised,including responsibilities and financing;Based on all previous decisions,a SUMP is adopted that combines a long-term vision and clear implementation plan;Overall measure coordination and regular monitoring ensure an efficient implementation;Systematic e
173、valuation of the implementation provides the basis for the next planning cycle.The general structure of the SUMP cycle is equally applicable to smaller cities and towns as to larger urban areas.All twelve steps are important.However,the method by which the steps are conducted and the balance between
174、 them usually differs.Smaller cities tend to:Require less time for plan development.One year including plan approval is common,whereas larger cities usually need considerably more time.32 The perception that it takes a lot of time to develop a SUMP is often mentioned as a barrier by smaller cities.3
175、3 This is why we provide simplified methods in each of the twelve steps,to help you develop a good SUMP with limited time and effort.Place emphasis on the operational phase(second half of the cycle),and less on the strategic phase(first half).34 Since the mobility system tends to be less complex and
176、 there are fewer sectoral strategies to coordinate and integrate,the development of the vision and objectives is often completed in a timely manner.What is more challenging is the selection and implementation of effective measures that can achieve the objectives.35 Therefore,we have put a particular
177、 emphasis on this step by including an entire chapter with recommended measures for smaller cities and towns(chapter 5).Focus on the regional level.Coordination with higher political levels is very important for smaller cities,which are often dependent on them.Attractive public transport,for example
178、,is hard to realise without good coordination at the regional level.We suggest raising the profile of a SUMP by developing it at the level of the functional urban area right from the start.If this is not possible,exchange and involvement of regional planning should take place in at least the areas w
179、ith the highest coordination needs.32 6 to 12 months for rural mobility plans and 1 to 2 years for medium-sized cities is common in France according to Thomas Durlin,Cerema.1 year,including gaining political approval,is common in Sweden according to Rasmus Sundberg,Trivector.33 Martina Hertel,Difu(2
180、018):German Municipalities and Mobility Concepts:Transport Development Plans(VEP)and Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans(SUMP),CIVITAS Forum Conference 2018,Ume.34 http:/www.german-sustainable-mobility.de/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/GPSM_Recommendations-for-Mobility-Master-Planning_english_final.pdf 35
181、Source:Rasmus Sundberg,Trivector,personal communication,21/01/202041 PHASE 1:Preparation and analysisThe initial milestone for developing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan should be the decision to improve the current mobility situation and a strong conviction that change towards greater sustainabil
182、ity is needed.It should be clear from the outset that urban transport is not being terminated in itself but should contribute to higher goals,such as enhanced quality of life and well-being.The decision to prepare a SUMP always means a commitment to the general objectives:improving accessibility for
183、 all,regardless of income and social status;enhancing quality of life and the attractiveness of the urban environment;improving road safety and public health;reducing air and noise pollution,greenhouse gas emissions and energy consumption;economic viability,social equity and environmental quality.De
184、pending on the national and local context,a legal obligation from the national level,an official decision by a local political body(such as the local council),or a commitment by the local administration can be the driving force.Several strategies can help to reach a decision for developing a SUMP:Fi
185、nd a framework for SUMPA project or measure can be the trigger to start the SUMP process.With the decision for a major infrastructure project(e.g.a new bypass road or railway connection)comes the necessity to embed it into a wider planning framework.During the process of developing a SUMP,earlier de
186、cisions e.g.,for major infrastructure projects should be reassessed.In the SUMP process these projects should be to validated according to the strategic SUMP objectives.This could lead to an adjustment of the original projects decision,and can possibly lead to modifications of the original project d
187、esign and/or flanking measures.A SUMP can help to maximise the positive impact of such projects(that are often driven by actors outside the town),providing complementary 010203040506070809101112Set upworking structuresAnalyse mobility situationManage implementationMonitor,adapt and communicateReview
188、 and learn lessonsSet targets and indicatorsAgree actions and responsibilitiesPrepare for adoption and financingSelect measure packages with stakeholdersBuild and jointly assess scenariosDevelop vision and strategy with stakeholdersDetermine planning frameworkMilestone:Sustainable Urban Mobility Pla
189、n adoptedPreparation&analysisStrategy developmentMeasure planningImplementation&monitoringSUStAInABle URBAn MoBIlIty PlAnnIngMilestone:Vision,objectives and targets agreedMilestone:Measure implementation evaluatedMilestone:Decision to preparea SUMPMilestone:Analysis of problems and opportunities con
190、cludedWhat are our resources?What is our planning context?What are our main problemsand opportunities?What are our options for the future?What kind of city do we want?How will we determine success?What concretely,will we do?What will it take andwho will do what?Are we ready to go?How can we manage w
191、ell?How are we doing?What have we learned?Rupprecht Consult 2019Figure 1:The 12 Steps of Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning(2nd Edition)A decision makers overviewMilestone:Decision to preparea SUMP4 Sustainable urban mobility planning steps in smaller cities and towns 20TOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBA
192、N MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNSTOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNS214.SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING STEPS IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNS4.SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING STEPS IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNSmeasures,long-term targets and a p
193、articipative approach.An infrastructure project that affects the entire region may even provide the impetus to launch a SUMP at the level of the functional urban area together with neighbouring municipalities.Relate to current problems and show how a SUMP would help to solve themA useful approach is
194、 to show the challenges and problems the city will face if nothing changes,to stress the benefits generated by a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan,and to highlight the fact that voters will reward good results.To communicate urgency,it can be effective to simulate the negative consequences of business
195、-as-usual development(e.g.in terms of future congestion and resulting economic losses,or in terms of indicators such as road fatalities or years of life lost due to air pollution)and to present these to politicians with the help of maps and figures.When communicating the benefits,it is often helpful
196、 to make a link to current high-priority issues in your city-such as air quality,traffic,road safety,affordability of housing or economic growth-by explaining how a SUMP can help to resolve them.Turn your weaknesses into strengthsIf the city has a limited budget and decision-makers voice the concern
197、 that there are insufficient resources for a SUMP,point to other cities that have achieved major improvements with a modest investment.Many of the most successful cities did not initiate expensive projects,but rather clever decisions and reorganisation.For example,making the best of their limited bu
198、dget,using their expertise to be creative within the existing city structure36.Consider small-scale measures for quick winsPolitical commitment can be challenging to achieve as the full benefits of a SUMP only become visible after a time span longer than the electoral cycle.It may be helpful to high
199、light the option of including smaller-scale measures with high visibility in the SUMP.These can generate public support in the short-term and trigger the first decision to develop a SUMP.For example,the temporary transformation of public spaces with“light and cheap”solutions can help people visualis
200、e the possible positive changes(e.g.reallocation of street space,a temporary bike path separated by flower planters or parklets instead of parking spaces).36 Tom Rye,CIVITAS prosperity presentation,“Experience and good practice in Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning in other European countries”,9th
201、May 2019Get inspired by other citiesMany cities in Europe(and globally)have already faced this decision stage and plenty of them then took the decision to develop their first SUMP.It can be a great argument to point to these cities that have successfully carried out Sustainable Urban Mobility Planni
202、ng.Eltis the urban mobility observatory and European city networks provide an excellent basis to learn and get inspired by the stories of others.411 Step 1:Set up working structuresAt the beginning of the Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning process,it is necessary to analyse the available capacities
203、 and resources to set up effective working structures.To achieve a truly integrated planning process,the core team responsible for SUMP development should be well connected to all relevant areas of the administration.Dedicated activities should be conducted from the start to ensure political ownersh
204、ip and stakeholder and citizen engagement should be planned early on.The first step aims at achieving both effective working structures and broad support for the process.The activities of this and the next step are closely linked and sometimes run in parallel.For example,the geographic scope needs t
205、o be defined early on so that it is considered when setting up the working and participation structures.Aims Get a realistic and clear picture of the strengths and weaknesses of current planning practice;Secure the necessary range of skills for managing and driving the process;Establish efficient an
206、d interdisciplinary working structures for an effective planning process;Create a sound basis for durable cooperation between all stakeholder groups;Develop a transparent planning culture that is based on the regular involvement of citizens.TasksEvaluate planning practice,capacities and resources Ca
207、rry out an honest self-assessment of current transport planning activities.The outcome does not necessarily have to be made public.It is Methods for assessment of planning practicesInternal meeting and review with SUMP Self-AssessmentA self-assessment can be as simple as a group of people who are in
208、volved in the planning process sitting down together to discuss the strengths and weaknesses of current processes and how to improve them.To guide the discussion,it is recommended to use the online SUMP Self-Assessment available on Eltis.Following the completion of the SUMP Self-Assessment,a results
209、 page will show how well your planning activities already fulfill the principles of a SUMP and will provide tailored advice for further improvement.By having all meeting participants complete the questions on their own,and then discuss the similarities and differences in responses as a group,highly
210、relevant insights can be gained.Link to SUMP Self-Assessment:www.sump-assessment.euPeer reviewAnother way of assessing the planning environment for a SUMP is by means of a peer review.This means that one or more experienced planners,or other experts in the field,are invited to review the situation i
211、n your city.The peer reviewer can consider the quality of the current planning process and organisational se-tup,also benchmarking them against the best in class.They can contribute a useful external perspective and feedback on how to best organise the development of a Sustainable Urban Mobility Pla
212、n.Source:Lasse Brand,Rupprecht Consult;Tom Rye,Edinburgh Napier University Budget requirements for SUMP developmentThe costs of developing a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan differ widely depending on the scope,availability of existing plans and studies,and external assistance required.The costliest
213、elements are data gathering and transport modelling,so it is important to be clear about how much data and what level of complexity of modelling is required in your case before seeking approval for a budget.Smaller cities often decide not to use a transport model due to the high costs and limited co
214、mplexity of decisions in their context,and to focus on measures that have proven successful in similar contexts instead(see Activity 4.1 for guidance on when to use a model).Other aspects that tend to be expensive,but very useful,are a comprehensive participation process as well as professional desi
215、gn and communication.recommended to use the online SUMP Self-Assessment(see below)to identify what already works well in your city,and what could be improved when developing the SUMP;Assess skills available within the leading organisation(s)and among stakeholders.To overcome a lack of skills,several
216、 smaller cities could rely on a common mobility planning knowledge centre.In the long run,they could even establish a combined planning authority that plans for a wider region,such as the West Midlands Combined Authority in the UK,or the Public Works Department in the Ministry of Transport,Communica
217、tions and Works in Cyprus;Define the required budget for the SUMP development process and ensure political approval.To overcome a lack of resources,smaller cities belonging to the same region could pool their resources to conduct selected planning steps together,for example,a common diagnosis(step 3
218、);Assess the likely budgetary framework for measure implementation.Consider local,regional,national,EU and external funding opportunities.This will probably still be a rough estimate at this stage,but it will help you to stay realistic.Create a multidisciplinary SUMP core team Appoint a project coor
219、dinator with responsibility,mandate and resources to facilitate and drive the planning process forward.22TOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNSTOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNS234.SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING STEPS
220、 IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNS4.SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING STEPS IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNS Also appoint a more senior project director,e.g.a department head or mayor,who provides the necessary high-level support to ensure cooperation-and who promotes the SUMP process on a steering level if
221、needed.Set up a multidisciplinary core team that is regularly involved throughout the entire development of the SUMP.The team should include members with transport and urban planning skills,but also with knowledge of related planning areas,such as economic,social and environmental policies.To achiev
222、e an integrated planning process,the outcome of which is mainstreamed into other sectors,the team should include members from several departments or units,not only transport planners.In smaller cities,the team usually consists of only a few people and,in towns,the project coordinator might even do m
223、ost of the work alone.Discuss the results of your self-assessment of planning practice,or ideally conduct it together as a team,to develop a common understanding of sustainable urban mobility.Emphasise linkages between different transport modes as well as between urban structures(density,functions,s
224、ocio-economic patterns,ecosystems)and mobility.Promote the idea of Sustainable Urban Mobility Planning to colleagues beyond the core team,for example by organising lunch talks or an excursion to a model city for sustainable mobility(where also politicians could be invited).When dealing with colleagu
225、es who have very traditional,car-centric views,often because they learned their profession long ago,it can be useful to invite external experts with authority,e.g.from a renowned transport institute.Set up SUMP steering group Identify all relevant stakeholders as well as their objectives,power,capac
226、ity and planning resources(e.g.using a stakeholder mapping tool).Meet key politicians and practitioners personally at an early stage to discuss their views and involvement.Strive for a broad coalition that supports your SUMP,optimally including not only the governing party but also the opposition.Se
227、t up a permanent steering group consisting of important politicians and other key stakeholders.This group provides guidance and input on strategic decisions throughout the entire planning process.Strive to include the main transport providers and colleagues from the district and regional level in th
228、e steering group.Smaller cities often lack planning authority over important parts of their transport infrastructure(e.g.bigger roads)or the public transport system.37 Therefore,it is particularly important that tasks,for which e.g.road administrations,districts,counties or transport 37 Le plan de d
229、placements simplifi(PDS)-Planifier les dplacements dans une ville Moyenne,p.11associations are responsible,will be jointly discussed as part of the SUMP.38 Find ways to cooperate well with powerful stakeholders outside the steering group,such as the head of the chamber of commerce,CEOs of large loca
230、l companies,or the editor-in-chief of the local newspaper.These key people often have a strong political reputation and could block the process if they feel left out.Involve relevant politicians early on,e.g.the transport committee of the local council.To convince policymakers of new ideas:Use examp
231、les of successful smaller cities,show that it is something which also concerns them,and consider doing a study trip to such a city.38 http:/www.german-sustainable-mobility.de/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/GPSM_Recommendations-for-Mobility-Master-Planning_english_final.pdf p.44 Provide a good story,such
232、 as that having a SUMP is part of being a modern city.Focus your communication on results,not on methodology or activities.Plan citizen involvement Develop a communication and engagement strategy and timeline,including an overall strategy for public relations activities(such as media involvement).Id
233、entify the planning steps in which citizens will be involved,and the participation methods suitable for each of them.The most common methods t are public discussions or citizen forums.But also look for creative and fun ways to engage people(e.g.having children paint footprints on the ground marking
234、safe routes to school).Use the influence and social ties of your community.While the population in bigger cities is divided into When and how to involve the public?Citizens can be involved in many stages of the planning process,but quality is more effective than quantity.It is more useful when done
235、well in one or two steps than trying to engage the public too often and thereby risking participation fatigue.The following steps and methods often work well:Identify important problems(step 3):Online map-based survey,walkability inspection Co-create common vision(step 5):Future search workshop or c
236、itizen forum Validate measures and actions(step 7-8):Focus group meeting,feedback booths in public spaces Get feedback on draft SUMP and celebrate(step 9):Feedback form on city website,press conference after adoption Inform and engage during implementation(step 11):Neighbourhood information event,po
237、sters at implementation site,satisfaction surveysWhat to do in case of scarce resources for participation activities?Prioritise an effective planning dialogue with politicians and other key stakeholders.These powerful actors can block your actions later if they feel left out,so it is crucial to enga
238、ge them effectively.Use working groups,expert committees and personal contacts to establish a cooperation based on mutual trust.Use existing information on peoples opinions.Information from existing citizen surveys and opinion polls is a valuable input for the planning process.Especially if you do n
239、ot manage to have dedicated participation events.Involve associations that represent a diversity of people.To ensure that all parts of society get heard,it can be more efficient to involve citizen and community groups rather than individual residents,as it takes considerable effort to reach a repres
240、entative number of people.Citizen feedback on a public draft is the minimum.If citizens were not involved before,they have to at least have the possibility to comment on the final SUMP draft.Make the draft easily accessible and inform residents via local media,although note that without an effective
241、 voice during the preparation of a SUMP,there may not be a sufficient sense of ownership at this stage to mobilise sufficient feedback on the draft SUMPSource:Inspired by:Rasmus Sundberg,Trivector,personal communication 23/01/2020Organisational changeSUMP often requires changes in the planning cultu
242、re of local authorities.However,this can be difficult,as it is associated with uncertainties.People typically prefer to stick to established working routines and may fear a higher workload,especially if change is imposed from the top.Working with local authorities,the CIVITAS SUITS project has devel
243、oped an 8-step organizational change process for the transport and planning departments of smaller cities.It focuses on creating buy-in by those that have to implement the changes to daily working routines.In summary,the process,which aligns well with the SUMP cycle,is to:1.Form of a powerful coalit
244、ion within the local authority.2.Jointly develop a vision for change.3.Identify the correct change agent as a driver responsible for making change happen.4.Communicate the vision widely and involve colleagues in defining specific goals and activities to achieve the vision.5.Let the change happen in
245、small increments and keep up the momentum in the long term.6.Celebrate quick wins and keep reinforcing the vision.7.Learn from the process and the results-adapt goals and activities if necessary.8.Anchor the changes and the change process in corporate culture,e.g.written guidelines,new forms of comm
246、unication or planning inside the local authority.For details see:wwwsuits-projecteu Authors:Sebastian Spundflasch,Technische Universitt Ilmenau;Ann-Marie Nienaber&Andree Woodcock,both Coventry University24TOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNSTOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINA
247、BLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNS254.SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING STEPS IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNS4.SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING STEPS IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNSmany different niches and interests with their own clubs and associations,in towns there sometimes st
248、ill exist forums that unite all parts of society.This could for example be the association that organises the annual city festival,spring celebration,or other main public festivals.For a SUMP it is important to involve these stakeholder hubs to anchor the process in the town community.Involve not on
249、ly associations that have mobility as their main topic but also those from related areas.In some cities,there are strong nature protection groups,local heritage clubs or similar associations that traditionally do not get involved in transport issues but can become important supporters of your plans.
250、Actively work with media and the public,provide information on the vision and benefits of SUMP for society,and for every single citizen.Proactively contradict assumptions,for example,that the overall aim is that citizens cannot drive their car anymore.Consider branding your planning process to commu
251、nicate its core idea,create consistent visibility and help citizens and stakeholders to recognise and remember it.Branding may include giving it a catchy title,developing a visual identity,theme and colour scheme and designing a dedicated logo.In all participation activities,it is crucial to be tran
252、sparent and to communicate how the results are used.412 Step 2:Determine the planning frameworkHand in hand with the setup of working structures,the planning framework needs to be determined to tailor the Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan development to the local situation.This includes the definition
253、 of the geographic scope,which ideally should address the functional urban area.Other important aspects are to follow legal planning requirements and to link with planning processes of related fields.The results of all previous activities are then summarised into an agreed timeline and work plan,whi
254、ch should be politically approved to ensure reliability for involved actors.If a lack of capacity has been previously identified,appropriate arrangements need to be made to get external support for SUMP development.Aims Align to relevant regional,national and European legal requirements;Define the g
255、eographic scope of your plan,usually covering the functional urban area of actual mobility patterns(e.g.travel-to-work area);Achieve integration of SUMP development with relevant sectoral policies at the local and regional level;Develop a tailored timeline and work plan that fit the local context;Co
256、ver skill gaps with external experts,if needed,but maintain coordination and develop internal expertise.TasksDefine the planning area Identify,document and assess existing legal regulations and requirements on how to develop a SUMP in your country,relevant regional and national funding criteria,and
257、higher-level plans and strategies that might influence your SUMP.For example,the plans of a National Road Authority for new or enlarged roads could work against the objectives of a SUMP by encouraging more car driving into the city.What are Citizens and Stakeholders?Citizens refers to all people liv
258、ing and/or working in the functional urban area for which your SUMP is being prepared.In this document,it is used largely interchangeably with the terms people,residents and the public.Stakeholders are all individuals,groups or organisations affected by and/or being able to affect the SUMP.While cit
259、izens are a part of this,in this document the term stakeholders mainly refers to institutional stakeholders,such as public authorities,political parties,citizen and community groups,business organisations,transport operators and research institutions.Key stakeholders are usually more closely involve
260、d in the SUMP process than the general public.Therefore it needs to be ensured that the interests of all affected parts of society,including typically underrepresented hard to reach groups,are properly represented amongst the involved stakeholder groups.Functional urban areas in EU Member StatesThe
261、OECD and the European Commission have jointly developed a methodology to define functional urban areas(FUAs)in a consistent way across countries.Using population density and travel-to-work flows as key information,a FUA consists of a densely inhabited city and of a surrounding area(commuting zone)wh
262、ose labour market is highly integrated with the city.The urban core consists of a population cluster with a density of at least 1,500 inhabitants per km.A municipality is part of the urban core if at least 50%of its population lives in the cluster.The hinterland is identified as the worker catchment
263、 area of the urban labour market,outside the densely inhabited core.All municipalities having at least 15%of their employed residents working in a certain urban core are defined to be part of the urban hinterland.The ultimate aim of the OECD-EU approach to functional urban areas is to create a harmo
264、nised definition of cities and their areas of influence for international comparisons as well as for policy analysis on topics related to urban development.The OECD offers profiles of the functional urban areas of each EU country.They include a map of the country with all functional urban areas(also
265、 available as a free shapefile),a list of the functional urban areas by population size and the population living in those functional urban areas.To access the profiles,please go to www.oecd.org and search for functional urban area.Source:OECD 2019There are various types of functional urban areas wi
266、th different needs for SUMP development.The Poly-SUMP Methodology offers guidance for polycentric regions with several municipalities or cities that are closely dependent on each other.It gives recommendations on how to initiate or develop regional transport cooperation in such complex areas.Based o
267、n the terminology of the Poly-SUMP guide,polycentric regions feature a capital city with a relatively low population(fewer than 200,000 in a larger region or fewer than 100,000 inhabitants in a smaller region)and a number of intermediate poles,smaller than the capital city,but greater than 5,000 inh
268、abitants.The Poly-SUMP MethodologyHow to develop a Sustainable Urban Mobility Plan for a polycentric regionGuidelinesCo-funded by the Intelligent Energy EuropeProgramme of the European Union Analyse transport patterns and administrative boundaries to identify your functional urban area(i.e.travel-to
269、-work area).Then define the geographic scope of the SUMP and negotiate overall responsibility for the plan.If possible,a SUMP should cover this integrated mobility area,which in most cases goes beyond the administrative boundaries of a municipality.This means that several smaller cities develop a pl
270、an together.Sometimes it is developed by a regional authority,but more often by cities that form an inter-municipal planning organisation or just cooperate ad-hoc.This inter-municipal SUMP,which selects the overall goals,priorities and larger measures,often works as an umbrella for local mobility pl
271、ans.They can be developed by the different municipalities to focus on questions of specific relevance to them,for example,to define local measures for their city centre.39 If developing a full SUMP with several cities turns out to be too complicated,the different cities can also 39 http:/www.german-
272、sustainable-mobility.de/wp-content/uploads/2015/08/GPSM_Recommendations-for-Mobility-Master-Planning_english_final.pdf p.4626TOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNSTOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNS274.SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOB
273、ILITY PLANNING STEPS IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNS4.SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING STEPS IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNSchoose to develop their individual plans.However,they should still strive to coordinate their measures as much as possible with each other,for example in a regular roundtable or wor
274、king group,establishing common goals.In some countries,certain mobility aspects are mandatorily planned at the regional level.Often this concerns public transport and larger roads.In this case,local SUMPs still define the overall vision for the entire mobility system but need to be closely coordinat
275、ed with regional sectoral plans so that the goals of the different plans align.In terms of measures,SUMPs then often focus more on the remaining mobility aspects,as the sectoral plans already define detailed measures for their area.Link with other planning processes Identify local sectoral strategie
276、s for transport and mobility(e.g.strategies for different transport modes),as well as local plans from other policy domains that may have an impact on urban mobility(e.g.land use,energy,environment,economic development,social inclusion,health and safety).Also identify relevant plans of local transpo
277、rt operators,service providers and other municipalities in the planning area.Review whether the goals of the plans support or discourage sustainable urban mobility objectives.For example,a land-use policy that makes use of brownfield land is supportive,while one that promotes urban sprawl without a
278、strong underlying transport framework conflicts with the principles.While SUMPs are rarely mandatory-spatial plans usually are-which makes it particularly important to contribute to the mobility perspective.40 Overall,a SUMP should be integrated with the sustainable urban development strategies that
279、 set the overall vision and objectives for the city to coordinate and mediate between the different sectoral objectives and plans.41 Ensure regular communication and exchange between relevant authorities(and within authorities,e.g.through regular meetings between transport and land-use planners).Con
280、sider including land-use planners in your core team or steering group,assigning them a clear role in the planning process to create ownership.Agree on the timeline and work plan Take sufficient time to prepare the planning process thoroughly.The time needed to achieve a political decision,set up wor
281、king structures and define the planning framework varies considerably between cities.Define a timeframe for plan development.One year,including plan approval,is common in smaller cities.Mobility analysis:2 to 6 months Strategy development(vision,objectives and targets):1 to 3 months40 Source:Dr.Andr
282、ius Jarzemskis,Smart Continent,personal communication 23/01/2020.41 https:/urban.jrc.ec.europa.eu/urbanstrategies/Measure planning(measures,action and responsibilities):2 to 6 months Plan adoption:few weeks to half a year Plan update:after 5 to 10 years Take into consideration potentially challengin
283、g periods(e.g.elections or budget planning periods).In the months before an election,it may be difficult to move ahead quickly,so the beginning of a mayors mandate can be a good time to start the process.Calculate some quiet working periods to make the general planning more flexible and to avoid sev
284、ere delays.In addition,remember to include the time needed for communication as well as stakeholder and citizen involvement.Draft an overall work plan for the SUMP process indicating all necessary milestones.Agree on management procedures and tasks with the SUMP core team and steering group.Ensure t
285、hat everyone who is supposed to contribute to the process gets approval and a sufficient time allocation from their line managers.Then get a formal political decision to proceed with the planning process.Consider getting external support Decide which tasks require external support,as a)a lack of ski
286、lls in your organisation would reduce the quality or prolong the process considerably,and b)they cannot be efficiently covered by internal capacity building(or the recruitment of new staff).Due to limited internal capacity,external support is often crucial in smaller cities.There is a tendency to ou
287、tsource the development of the entire plan,but this is not recommended,as the resulting plan risks being too external and not sufficiently accepted by municipal planners.42 Instead involve external specialists for specific tasks(see examples of suitable tasks in box below),maintain overall coordinat
288、ion and make sure that the combined internal knowledge of the town,its transport system and mobility patterns is used in the process.43 When delegating project management to a consultant,keep the overall coordination within your planning authority.For all delegated tasks,always foresee sufficient ti
289、me and resources for quality control by your organisation.Integrate capacity-building activities within the terms of reference whenever possible,so that your internal staff can 42 BUMP lessons learned,p.32,http:/www.bump-mobility.eu/Download.ashx?url=/media/93314/lessons-learnt-while-coaching-cities
290、.pdf 43 BUMP project,2016:Guidelines for the definition of Sustainable Urban Mobility Plans:Developing Sustainable UrbanMobility Plans in medium and small cities.Lessons learnt while coaching cities within the framework of the BUMP Project.p.7Examples of tasks requiring external supportTasksDetailsP
291、reparation,organisation and facilitation of stakeholder and citizen events,documentation and analysis of discussion results.The administrative efforts required to carry out effective participation processes should not be underestimated.The review of comments is usually done manually,which requires c
292、onsiderable time.Engaging a neutral facilitator can also help to avoid(old)conflicts and support a group to collaborate in a constructive atmosphere.Communication with the publicCommunications activities,such as writing attractive news items for print and online use,designing public reports(e.g.the
293、mobility strategy and the SUMP),facilitating social media channels(which can receive high volumes of comments)and taking professional photos during events.Analysis of the mobility situation,including data collectionThis could be either the entire analysis or specific technical subtasks(e.g.analysis
294、of the quality of cycling infrastructure,collection of traffic count data,walkability analysis,execution of a household survey).Box 1:Lahti,Finland:Integration of land-use and mobility planningLahti has developed an integrated strategic process,Lahti direction,for the combined planning of land use a
295、nd mobility.The aim of the new approach,which was first implemented in 2019,is to build a sustainable city together with citizens,stakeholders and decision makers.The process is ongoing and cyclical,the strategy will be updated every four years,or each council term.It includes the city plan,the SUMP
296、,the environmental programme and the service network programme.The integrated approach has proven to work well so far.It enhances the cooperation between the land use and mobility planners and improves the engagement of citizens in the mobility planning process.Author:Anna Huttunen,City of Lahti,col
297、lected by UBCImage:Lassi Hkkinen,City of LahtiBest Practice Example28TOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNSTOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNS294.SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING STEPS IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNS4.SUSTAI
298、NABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING STEPS IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNSgain the respective competencies for the next planning process.Decide whether tasks can be tendered as a bundle(normally tasks that are closely related,e.g.citizen engagement and communication)or if they require very specific skills and
299、need to be tendered separately(e.g.data collection or,even more specifically,a household survey or an analysis of the quality of cycling infrastructure).Tender and contract external services for the selected tasks.Use clear terms of reference that describe the tasks as precisely as possible,includin
300、g a timeline and specific outputs for each task.Use suitable criteria for the selection of offers,which need to be specified in the terms of reference.In addition to the price,you should give appropriate weighting to content criteria(e.g.quality of the described concept and methods,and the expertise
301、 of proposed personnel).Experience has shown that quality pays off,and unrealistically low offers often lead to low-quality results or follow-up costs for cities.413 Step 3:Analyse the mobility situationThe last step of the preparation and analysis phase is to assess the mobility situation of your c
302、ity.This is a major milestone that provides the basis for rational and transparent strategy development.A good mobility analysis is crucial in helping to define appropriate policies,and provides the necessary baseline against which progress can be measured.Before conducting the analysis,information
303、and data sources need to be identified and cooperation should be established with data owners.The aim is to conduct a focused and manageable analysis that includes all relevant transport modes and identifies the main problems and opportunities in the field of urban mobility.Aims Identify information
304、 needs in terms of political priorities and probable objectives and get a good overview of the available data.Achieve a good set of information by combining data available in different parts of your organisation,in other organisations,and(if needed)by collecting new data.Analyse the current status o
305、f all relevant transport modes and sustainability aspects to identify and prioritise key issues that need to be addressed by your SUMP.TasksIdentify information needs Define the information needed for a status assessment in your city.An analysis table(see toolbox below)can provide guidance for this.
306、Focus on the general aims of sustainable urban mobility and the political priorities that led to the decision to develop a SUMP.For example,if a political priority is to improve road safety,then data on fatalities is required.Usually,a status analysis needs information on the status and trends of:al
307、l transport modes available in your city(e.g.walking,cycling,public transport,vehicle sharing,private motorised transport,multimodality,freight);relevant sustainable mobility aspects for your city(e.g.air pollution,traffic noise,road safety,the liveability of public spaces,equitable accessibility to
308、 services,employment and education).Check existing planning documents for analyses relevant to sustainable urban mobility.Such documents may include sectoral mobility strategies and plans(e.g.on walking,cycling,public transport,road transport,parking,freight)as well as plans and documents from other
309、 relevant policy areas(e.g.land use,energy,environment,economic development,social inclusion,health and safety),from local transport operators and other municipalities.Wherever useful,the planning process should build on the results of existing plans and strategies.Collect a good data set Perform a
310、data audit to identify what information is available.Get an overview of sources,identify available data and assess its quality and accessibility.Since resources for data collection are very limited,your own unit or department will often lack data on many aspects of the baseline.Therefore,it is parti
311、cularly useful to also map the data that other parts of your authority and other organisations can provide(e.g.neighbouring municipalities,the police,public transport operators,regional authorities,universities,national ministries).Collaborate with other organisations,for example to access public tr
312、ansport operator statistics,police data on road accidents or regional traffic surveys.Agree on the process for exchanging data so that all partners benefit from a common set of information(e.g.secure data-sharing platform that respects confidentiality and legal requirements).Retrieve the available d
313、ata,synthesise its contents and identify data gaps for your main mobility issues.Collect additional data to fill important gaps.Data can be collected by a variety of means.For example,trends in the number of pedestrians can be determined by carrying out manual counts annually at key points in the ci
314、ty,by installing counting machines or by conducting a household survey.The choice of method depends on the resources available,Box 2:Koprivnica,Croatia:Early external support for the SUMP teamIn 2014,the city of Koprivnica decided to develop a SUMP.As part of the first stage of the SUMP development
315、process,the city researched which steps it would need to take and resources required to produce such a document.Based on this research,the Koprivnica SUMP team ascertained that there werent enough resources and that therefore there was a need to involve external mobility experts.The SUMP team search
316、ed within Croatia for mobility experts with enough experience to guide the team through the development process.With the help of these experts,the city conducted a status analysis and a baseline traffic survey.Author:Nebojsa Kalanj,collected by ICLEIImage:City of KoprivnicaFor details see:SUMP Annex
317、 p16Best Practice ExampleSelection of useful data collection methods for smaller cities and towns:To measure traffic flows:Manual traffic counts at key locations(involving student workers or volunteers,such as retired people,can help save resources);To analyse the network:Comparison of travel times
318、with different modes between major destinations,using online navigation tools(e.g.town centre to main housing areas,to biggest nearby employers,and to bigger nearby cities);To assess infrastructure quality:Site visits at key locations(criteria catalogues for this available online),can also be organi
319、sed as workshops with groups of citizens to understand the user perspective;To understand opinions on a specific topic:Short surveys or interviews in the street,data from journals,blogs,social media,the local newspaper;To identify problem areas:Online maps where residents can locate negative and pos
320、itive areas for specific transport modes(many online tools available,but the analysis of responses takes time);To get an in-depth status:Household surveys(important representative data,but expensive,usually done in bigger intervals such as every 5 years;to save costs they can be organised regionally
321、 or face-to-face interviews can be partially replaced with phone interviews).Box 3:Spatial Analysis of main travel destinationsExample of a spatial analysis of main travel destinations in a town(workplaces,administrations,cultural and sports facilities,schools and kindergartens,health facilities,etc
322、.).Such accessibility maps help to detect underserved areas.Source:Cerema,Plan de mobilit rurale,juin 2016,p.27Best Practice Example30TOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNSTOPIC GUIDE:SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNS314.SUSTAINABLE
323、URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING STEPS IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNS4.SUSTAINABLE URBAN MOBILITY PLANNING STEPS IN SMALLER CITIES AND TOWNSthe size of the city and the level of reliability required.In addition,consideration should be given to how data will be used data collection can be costly and time consumi
324、ng,and it is important to tailor this data collection to subsequent analysis activities in order to best use available resources.When faced with these limited resources,it is also preferable to use basic data collection methods that are relatively easy to implement.44 Analyse the current mobility si
325、tuation Analyse your data in a goal-oriented manner.Use spatial analysis methods,for example by mapping 44 Detailed list of different data collection methods see pp.108 https:/www.suits-project.eu/wp-content/uploads/2018/12/Gap-Analysis-on-data-collection-and-analysis-methodologies.pdfFigure 2:Examp
326、le of how an analysis table can be used to define the status of the transport system(baseline analysis)(adapted from Sundberg,R.,2018.SUMPs-Up Manual on the integration of measures and measure packages-Start,p.10.)FUNCTIONS/TRANSPORT MODESMODAL SHAREQUALITY OF INFRASTRUCTURESAFETY AND LIVEABILITYENV
327、IRONMENT AND HEALTHEQUITABLE ACCESSIBILITYSTATUS OF MEASURE IMPLEMENTATIONMAIN RECOMMEN-DATIONSWalking12%PoorMany accidents on road crossings near schoolsLess and less pupils walking to schoolSome areas lack walkable access to parks and sports facilitiesLow activity.New walk to school campaign.Traff
328、ic safety measures are neededCycling7%MediumCyclists often feel unsafe,attractive cycle paths in parksLow use gives small benefitsFew cycling lanes along main roadsEfforts to mapping the bicycle network in progress.Low budget for new measures.Increase city administrations budget for cycling measures
329、Public transport(bus,tram,metro,train,etc.)16%GoodSome bus stops need repair,feel unsafe in the eveningsNew bus fleet has been installed,decreased impact on air qualityReduced fare for unemployed,but infrequent buses to poor outskirtsHigh activity,public transport strategy planned.Progress in right
330、direction,keep onVehicle sharing(car,bicycle,e-scooter,etc.)0.5%MediumE-scooters blocking footpathsLow use gives small benefitsSharing offers only available in the centreNo activity,purely privately driven fieldProper regulation and knowledge neededPrivate motorised transport(car,motorcycle,etc.)64.
331、5%GoodMany accidents with people that walk or cycleHigh use of cars strongly impacts air quality and noise levelsRoad networks covers all parts of the city wellHigh activity,new bypass is under construction.Introduce measures to reduce car traffic in city centre when bypass is completedMultimodality
332、(train station,interchanges)n/aGoodNew train station is attractive.Unreliable changes in off-hours incentivise car useMain bus station is outside walking distance from main train station.No Park&Ride offers in outskirts.Lack of secure bike parking for e-bikes at main interchanges.Low activityInvolve
333、 location of interchanges and P+R and B+R in public transport strategyFreightn/aGoodHeavy truck traffic in centre causes safety riskTrucks in centre cause air and noise pollutionAll industrial areas well connectedLow activityDevelop strategy to divert heavy goods traffic from centreANALYSISCar is the dominant transport modeWalking and cycling infrastructure needs improvementTraffic safety needs to
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