英文及翻译土木基础筏板及基础梁分项工程施工方案（11页）.doc

1、Foundation raft the plank and the foundation beam item engineering start construction project1, General situation and main engineering measure:This engineering foundation design has a beam type the raft plank the foundation for reinforcing bar Mao.The raft plank flat surface presents a L form, raft

2、plank thick 550 mms, the width 22.16 ms, thing to the length 44.36 ms, the south is northern toward the length 82.78 ms.The foundation beam cuts the noodles size as 400 s 600 mms.The Mao marks the number as C25, the total square measures for the 1310 ms 3, the reinforcing bar used measures 150 Ts.At

3、 16-18 stalk closes to 18 and stays and has a 1 m the breadth of run-through after sprinkle and take, after sprinkle and take Mao and need corpus completion of work empress then sprinkle and build.2, Start construction deployment and main construction project:Template engineering the workload is sma

4、ll, start construction simple, so take no account of dividing the line a construction segment, whole is a construction segment;Reinforcing bar and Mao sprinkle to build engineering, hereafter sprinkle to take to is divided into two construction segments for boundary, organize a simple flowing water

5、construction.The reinforcing bar engineering starts construction first 1-16 stalks(I segment), sprinkle to build Mao after check, concealed examination accepted qualified.At sprinkle to build a Mao to continue at the same time colligation 18-58 stalks(II segment) reinforcing bar, sprinkle to build a

6、 Mao in a row after check, concealed examination accepted qualified.(The I segment Mao measures about is a 660 ms 3, II segment Mao about is a 650 ms 3).Main construction method is as follows:1.Template engineering (1)Template adoption already set combination steel template, the U type wreath links.

7、Mat level after cleaning off, first the cent segment puts together to pack, the template puts together to brush a good insulation first before packing.(The insulation mainly uses an engine oil).The main specification of outer circle side template is 1500 s 300 mmses, 1200 s 300 mmses, 900 s 300 mmse

8、s and 600 ses 300 mms.The template props up on the Mao mat layer of lower part, the level props up to pay with the short pillar, and wood Xie.etc. of steel pipe and circle wood at on all sides the radicle pit side wall up.The foundation beam upper part compares the 50 mm side mold of raft plank nood

9、les high to put together to pack with the 100 mm breadth combination steel template and use wire Ning tight, in the center prop up with mat piece or reinforcing bar head to promise the piece of beam noodles size.The template side fluently keeps pulling wires a little bit just, stalk line, cut noodle

10、s size according to mat layer up of play a line check more positive.The template after reinforcing the examination completion uses a level instrument to settle an elevation and flick Mao open on the template noodles top surface even line.Be control the basis of Mao elevation.(2)In order to dismantle

11、 the propping up of template tube, and wood Xie.etc. first the sequence of mold, loose conjunction piece, then dismantle template, clean up, the classification returns a heap.Dismantle before the mold Mao to want to attain certain strength, promise dont damage sharp angle while dismantling a mold.2.

12、Reinforcing bar engineering (1)Reinforcing bars pressing the model number, specification classification to add a mat wood is piled and overaly plastics to organize a defence rain snow.(2)The dish I class reinforcing bar adopts a cold method for pulling to adjust to keep, cold pull a rate control at

13、4% in.(3)For be subjected to dint reinforcing bar, the I class reinforcing bar bitter end(include to used to the I class reinforcing bar of distributing the reinforcing bar) does 180 degrees curved hook, curved the diameter inside the Hu be no smaller than a 2.5 ds, the straight and even segment len

14、gth of curved empress is no smaller than 3 ds.The II class reinforcing bar is design to request that when doing 90 degrees or 135 degrees is curved to hook bend the diameter inside the Hu be no smaller than 5 ds.For dont weld to close Jin bitter end to make 135 degrees curved hook, bend diameter ins

15、ide the Hu in addition to being no smaller than a 2.5 ds still dont should be smaller than to be subjected to the dint Zong Jin diameter inside the hoop path, the straight and even segment length of curved empress is no smaller than 10 ds.(4)Before reinforcing bar colligation starts construction, es

16、tablish in the radicle pit cami Gao about the simple warm Peng with 4 ms with cover rain snow and keep radicle pit air temperature, avoid a mat layer Mao suffering jelly to harm in the reinforcing bar colligation period.Sign pillar to use 50 steel pipes, is apart from for the 3.0 ms, the coping mane

17、uvers toward the even pole is respectively? 50 steel pipes, the tube mesh size constituting is 1.5 s 1.5 mses, its top spreads wooden board, square steel pipe etc., reply colourful on the wooden board cloth, then full spread grass Lian.Illuminate to use a common incandescent lamp bubble inside the P

18、eng, establish a two rows and to be apart from 5 ms.(5)The colligation process of foundation beam and raft plank Jin:Play line lengthways beam Jin colligation, take seat raft plank lengthways bottom layer Jin decoration horizontal beam Jin colligation, take seat raft plank horizontal bottom layer Ji

19、n decoration the raft plank bottom layer net slice colligation prop up Ma Deng Jin to set out raft plank horizontal upper level Jin decoration raft plank lengthways upper level Jin decoration the raft plank upper level net slice colligation.Make to check completely to the template and basic before t

20、he reinforcing bar colligation, , the miscellaneous articles or objects in the homework noodles, float soil, and sawdust.etc. should clean off.Reinforcing bar net slice the Jin used the color of differing from the stalk line and template line while playing position line is opened with distinction.Be

21、am physique colligation use simple Ma Deng to make a support.Concretely hold a step for:Press to compute a good amount to put hoop Jin wear a lord Jin painting the hoop Jin position line colligation framework withdraw a support to take seat framework.The framework upper part Zong Jin and hoop Jin ar

22、e proper to button up colligation with the set, the colligation should be firm and good enough, the framework doesnt take place to tilt to one side, loose move.Maneuver the protection layer of the Jin and the raft plank bottom layer Jin that is ex- and wants good beam of mat toward the beam physique

23、s taking seat mat piece, the amount has to be enough.The raft plank net slice adoption horoscope buttons up colligation and mutually hands over to order all colligations, close together hand over the colligation of point of square mutually not proper homology.Top and bottom layer the net slice in th

24、e center use Ma Deng Jin to prop up and promise the upper level net a slice the position is accurate, the colligation is firm, have no loose move.(6)The reinforcing bar deals with contact a form and is subjected to dint Jin and distributes a Jin adoption inside the raft plank colligation to take to

25、answer and take to connect position and take to connect length to request according to the design.The foundation the Zong Jin adoption one side(is two-sided) takes to connect to give or get an electric shock Hu Han and welds to deal with contact position and Han to sew length to press design and nor

26、m request and weld to try the piece requests to detain according to the norm, experiment.2.Mao engineering (1)Adoption the spot the machine mix blend, the Mao transport pump to pump to send of project.Consider the winter expects to start construction, and want the influence that can effectively keep

27、 continuous snowfall from sprinkling to the Mao to build a construction, the Mao winter expects to start construction to adopt comprehensive Xu to be hot, the Mao Chan in addition, assist to start construction with the warm Peng a method.(2)?Match with ratio of try to go together with to press the r

28、equest that the pump sends, collapse to fall a degree to attain a 150-180 mms, the cement chooses sour brine mire of common Huo 32.5 numbers, sand is medium sand, the pebble is a 5-25 mm grain path crushed stones, the in addition chooses a Mao pump to send antifreeze, early strong reduce water of ty

29、pe.Mix to match water as tap water.The Mao makes sure after matching with the ratio from the spot the original material sampling send to laboratory to try to go together with that the spot starts construction again according to measurement of the thick thin bone anticipates to physically contain amo

30、unt of water and goes together with to the laboratory than the list to make to adjust.(3)The sequence sprinkling to build is to sprinkle first to build an I segment, sprinkle to build an II segment behind.Sprinkle the construction building a Mao to fly to is first turned into again from the A30 stal

31、kses 16 to the A1 stalk sprinkle to take a side behind;Sprinkle the construction building a Mao to fly to sprinkle to take a side after 58-18.(4)Sprinkle should attain before the Mao:The reinforcing bar has already finished making a concealed examination to accept and meets a design request.The Mao

32、transports a pump tube the support have already taken to establish completion, support firm credibility, and promise that the pump tube that prop up piece and its top doesnt press reinforcing bar and template.Supports propping up a tube piece should independently establish, not ability and template

33、support or steel pipe conjunction.The Mao mixer burden tries an operation as usual.The Mao transports a pump to adjust to try to complete and fill with water to try to press as usual, pump a tube have been already linked, seal completely intact.Calculate tool such as scale, and set steelyard.etc. th

34、rough the check check actually and without any error, the Mao agitation fills with amount of water to calculate a machine to try to circulate on board accurate.The Mao flaps Dao machine through the examination try an operation just.Cement, sand, stone and in addition the etc. material have already h

35、ad enough amount of storage on the scene, and have already carried out a good supply outlet, can promise the follow-up supply sprinkled to build construction in a row.The spot the thick thin bone anticipate physically contain amount of water have been already measuresed and have already adjusted a g

36、ood construction to match with a ratio.According to construction the project and technique measure request to have already carried on an overall construction technique to hand over bottom to the class set.The winter expects to start construction of each assurance measure, like aqueous heating temper

37、ature whether attains a request, the heat preservation overalies supplies whether the ready etc. has already carried out complete.(5)The Mao agitation adopts two sets 350 work at the same time from the fall type mixer, of root Ju mixer anticipate the ability choice suits of the Mao transport a pump

38、and always and physically feed to anticipate quantity in the unit mixer inside time have to transport a swallowing of pump with Mao to anticipate quantity to went with should, promise to pump machine of circulate in a row as usual and not super burden work.(6)Bind Jin for period inside the radicle p

39、it put up of warm Peng, can consider according to the actual weather condition Be the Mao sprinkles to build and protects a period of hide snow and heat preservation Peng.Is even to establish 3 to measure Wen Dian to record air temperature inside the Peng in the Peng, control inside the Peng with ou

40、tdoor air temperature difference in temperature circumstance to adopt homologous measure.(7)Sprinkling to build before the construction the miscellaneous articles or objectses, such as mud and sawdust.etc. in the template to clear is clean, on reinforcing bar or template if glue ice snow to clear in

41、 time.(8)The Mao mixs the heating of suitable for use water.Is one water tank, underneath start a fire heating with the coal by the side of the mixer, the water temperature goes to 60 -80 then, should not more than 80 .But can fill with water to 100 according to the actual air temperature condition,

42、 but the cement can not directly get in touch with with hot water.(9)The thick thin bone is anticipating if contain ice snow jelly piece etc. to clear in time, mix each original material of matching the Mao to calculate beard accurate.The thick thin bone anticipates to use cart up anticipate, the sc

43、ale measures, the cement is calculated with each bag 50 kgs, the pump sends to antifreeze to measure with the set steelyard, and water is mixed blend to on board calculate a machine to calculate with the Mao.(10)Adoption pebble while mixing blend cement sand or sand cement the hurl of the pebble ant

44、icipate sequence and avoid or so hot water of 80 and cement direct contact, occurrence in a sudden Ning phenomenon, pump send to antifreeze and bone to anticipate to together join.Mix blend time to be no less than 90, promise that mixing to match a thing to mix blend is even.(11)The Mao transports t

45、he pump tube of pump to use the grass Lian package heat preservation.The Mao transports to sprinkle to build a point in time after mixer anticipated and promise temperature for Mao to go into mold not the bottom is at 5 .(the thermometer actually measures)If sprinkle to build actually measure the go

46、ing into of Mao mold temperature could not reach 5 , can adopt the following measure:Continue to raise to mix the temperature of matching water.Close to sprinkle the district of building the point inside the on the spot warm Peng even establish stove to start a fire to heat.(12)The Mao pump should i

47、s placed in slowly and soon and all and soon while starting pumping to send, and at any time the status of anti- pump.The pump sends speed should first and slowly behind quick, gradually accelerate.The pump sends Mao should in a row carry on, be to transport a pump tube be blocked, immediately adopt

48、 the following measure exclusion:Again carry on an anti- pump and is pumping, gradually suck out Mao to anticipate Dou in, afresh agitation behind pump to send;Pound an etc. method with the wooden stick, find out to block part Mao shot loose after, carry on an anti- pump and is pumping, expel block.

49、When above-mentioned two kinds of methodses are invalid, should in the Mao after unloading to press, tore down the duct of blocking the part, take over again to transport after expeling Mao to block a thing.(13)The Mao flaps the Dao adoption insert type to flap Dao stick.The vibration stick wants to

50、 quickly put to slowly pull out while flapping Dao and put to order even arrange, gradually order ambulation, the sequence carries on, in order to prevent leak to flap.Put some to be apart from about 40 cms.Flap Dao to the Mao surface syrup, no longer be suffused with a bubble then.(14)Dont need a l

51、ayering while sprinkling to build raft plank Mao, sprinkle to build to model at a time, falsely stand Mao compare design an elevation first slightly a little bit high, treat to flap Dao even airtight actually put on son to press the elevation line to rub with the wood behind even then.(15)Sprinkle t

52、o build Mao in a row carry on, if result in to sprinkle to build to stop because of the not- normal reason, be to stop time exceed cement beginning Ning in time, connect Cha place to press the construction to sew a processing.Constructions sewing should stay to keep Cha and continue to sprinkle to b

53、uild to sew treatment to the construction before the Mao for:Pick and get rid of first to connect floating of Cha place pebble, again the stand a little amount Gao Biao Hao cement sand straches even distribute, then sprinkle to build Mao, flap Dao airtight solid.(16)Sprinkling the Mao finishing buil

54、ding to press the elevation line to put on is even(the wood puts on son to accept noodles to be no less than 2 times), the Mao beginning Ning immediately uses Su behind Anticipate a thin mold overlay surface, then again overlay double the layer grass Lian heat preservation, on the grass Lian again r

55、eply colourful of 1 F cloth protection, protect period according to measuring softhearted condition again whether consideration starts a fire a stove to heat in the Peng.(17)The Mao measures Wen Kong to stay to establish.Measure Wen Kongs flat surface decoration project:The foundation beam follows a

56、 length direction to separate a 5 ms to establish each time a , the raft plank is apart from the 7 m parallelism decoration to measure Wen Kong by, bore the deep 200 mms is shoulding establish the position everywhere of measuring Wen Kong to cover up to place a diameter 20 PVC tube while sprinkling

57、to build Mao and take care of is more fluently slightly high than Mao noodles, with soft paper or cotton yarn fill actually then.3.The quality controls measure:(1)Related engineering should also request according to this engineering the winter expects to start construction measure .(2)Various origin

58、al material, such as the reinforcing bar, cement, and in addition.etc. should have the qualified product quality the proof data, enter field behind take a sample experiment, the second examinations uses again after being qualified.Eradicate completely an unqualified product to used for engineering.T

59、he sand, stone wants to do a bone to anticipate analysis, choose suitable go together with.The pebble contains amount of mire to be no bigger than 2%, the sand contains amount of mire to be no bigger than 5%.?(3)Frame pillars putting Jin should fix good position before the Mao at sprinkling, fluentl

60、y reinforce to settle hoop Jin is as firm as the colligation of Zong Jin, while preventfroming sprinkling Mao pillar lord the Jin move.(4)While sprinkling Mao strictly forbid at will trample, move have been already tied up of plank Jin, the reinforcing bar work wants to send a person to check the po

61、sition, protection layer and framework of reinforcing bar to fluently keep at any time, the pillar lord Jin position, discover that the problem fixs in time.(5)When Mao opening quotations sprinkled to build, organize first the technical personnel fell a degree, and easy to carry on consultation to t

62、he collapsing of dish Mao, adjustment to meet to request an empress again formally mix blend.Hereafter check collapsing of Mao to fall one degree beard to meet a request at any time.(6)Flap Dao stick to strictly forbid to touch template and reinforcing bar while flapping Dao Mao.Forbid use to flap D

63、ao stick to spread Mao.Flapping the Dao should be meticulous, airtight solid.In the Zong, horizontal beam interleave the reinforcing bar is more airtight can adopt the following measure while doing not easily flap Dao:Use the flapping of small diameter Dao stick, the layering spreads to anticipate;C

64、an loosen first to open parts of raft plank upper level additional Jin, poke aside, needed Mao to after flapping the Dao completion resume again to once move of reinforcing bar position.(7)Usually observe template and reinforcing bar while sprinkling Mao, see the template have just like often and pr

65、op up whether have loose move, reinforcing bars protecting a layer, putting Jin position has already had no variety.Discover relevant class of set of the notice of problem revising in time.(8)The control of Mao surface elevation.Sprinkle to flick Mao surface open by the side of the template before t

66、he Mao an elevation even line, put in the pillar Jin up mark out high on the Mao the even line of the surface 500 mms.While anticipates, putting on noodles Mao stands on these grounds pulling wires is an elevation control line.(9)The Mao tries the detention of piece.Sprinkle to build to detain a set

67、 of standard to protect to try a piece over 200 ms 3 Maos each time in a row and a set of protect with condition to try a piece.Protects with condition to try a piece to adopt with the spot the same condition protect.Marks keeping the 28 d anti- of trying the piece to press a strength value and prot

68、ecting etc. of trying the piece effect 28 d anti- with condition to press a strength value all is the data that assesses to analyze a Mao anti- to press strength.(10)The Mao protects measuring of period work.Inside the Mao of protect temperature to separate a 4 hs to measure once each time.While mea

69、suring thermometer at measure Wen Kong inside time detaining should be no less than a 2 mins and measure Wen Kong to fluently seal completely strict solid, take out thermometer after immediately read a number.The warm air temperature inside the Peng records 4 times every day.In consideration of the

70、applying of antifreeze used temperature for-50 Cs Cs-100ses, inside the plan Mao of protect temperature ahead the 3 ds is no lower than a 00 Cs, hereafter go to 28 d before be no lower than-30 Cs.When actually test to find out stabilize now is lower than the above-mentioned limit to be worth of prot

71、ect temperature, immediately heat in the even decoration stove inside the warm Peng, heat up air temperature inside the Peng to Mao inside of protect temperature to attain to anticipate a request.译文基础筏板及基础梁分项工程施工方案一、概况及主要工程量：本工程基础设计为钢筋砼有梁式筏板基础。筏板平面呈“L”形，筏板厚550mm，宽度22.16m，东西向长度44.36m，南北向长度82.78m。基础梁截

72、面尺寸为400600mm。砼标号为C25，总方量为1310m3，所用钢筋量150T。在1618轴间靠近18轴处留有1m宽的贯通后浇带，后浇带砼待主体完工后再浇筑。二、施工部署及主要施工方案：模板工程工作量小，施工简便，所以不考虑划分施工段，整体为一个施工段；钢筋及砼浇筑工程，以后浇带为界分为两个施工段，组织简单流水施工。钢筋工程先施工116轴（I段），自检、隐检验收合格后浇筑砼。在浇筑I段砼同时继续绑扎1858轴（II段）钢筋，自检、隐检验收合格后连续浇筑II段砼。（I段砼量约为660m3，II段砼约为650m3）。主要施工方法如下：1.模板工程（1）模板采用定型组合钢模板，U型环连接。垫层面

73、清理干净后，先分段拼装，模板拼装前先刷好隔离剂。（隔离剂主要用机油）。外围侧模板的主要规格为1500300mm、1200300mm、900300mm、600300mm。模板支撑在下部的砼垫层上，水平支撑用钢管及圆木短柱、木楔等支在四周基坑侧壁上。基础梁上部比筏板面高出的50mm侧模用100mm宽组合钢模板拼装，用铁丝拧紧，中间用垫块或钢筋头支撑，以保证梁的截面尺寸。模板边的顺直拉线较正，轴线、截面尺寸根据垫层上的弹线检查较正。模板加固检验完成后，用水准仪定标高，在模板面上弹出砼上表面平线。作为控制砼标高的依据。（2）模的顺序为先拆模板的支撑管、木楔等，松连接件，再拆模板，清理，分类归堆。拆模前

74、砼要达到一定强度，保证拆模时不损坏棱角。2.钢筋工程（1）钢筋按型号、规格分类加垫木堆放，覆盖塑料布防雨雪。（2）盘条I级钢筋采用冷拉的方法调直，冷拉率控制在4%以内。（3）对于受力钢筋，I级钢筋末端（包括用作分布钢筋的I级钢筋）做180度弯钩，弯弧内直径不小于2.5d，弯后的平直段长度不小于3d。II级钢筋当设计要求做90度或135度弯钩时，弯弧内直径不小于5d。对于非焊接封闭筋末端作135度弯钩，弯弧内直径除不小于2.5d外还不应小于箍径内受力纵筋直径，弯后的平直段长度不小于10d。（4）钢筋绑扎施工前，在基坑内搭设高约4m的简易暖棚，以遮挡雨雪及保持基坑气温，避免垫层砼在钢筋绑扎期间遭受

75、冻害。立柱用50钢管，间距为3.0m，顶部纵横向平杆均为 50钢管，组成的管网孔尺寸为1.51.5m，其上铺木板，方钢管等，在木板上覆彩条布，然后满铺草帘。棚内照明用普通白炽灯泡，设两排、间距5m。（5）基础梁及筏板筋的绑扎流程：弹线纵向梁筋绑扎、就位筏板纵向下层筋布置横向梁筋绑扎、就位筏板横向下层筋布置筏板下层网片绑扎支撑马凳筋布置筏板横向上层筋布置筏板纵向上层筋布置筏板上层网片绑扎。钢筋绑扎前，对模板及基层作全面检查，作业面内的杂物、浮土、木屑等应清理干净。钢筋网片筋弹位置线时用不同于轴线及模板线的颜色以区分开。梁筋骨架绑扎时用简易马凳作支架。具体操步骤为：按计算好的数量摆放箍筋穿主筋画箍

76、筋位置线绑扎骨架撤支架就位骨架。骨架上部纵筋与箍筋宜用套扣绑扎，绑扎应牢固、到位，使骨架不发生倾斜、松动。纵横向梁筋骨架就位前要垫好梁筋及筏板下层筋的保护层垫块，数量要足够。筏板网片采用八字扣绑扎，相交点全部绑扎，相邻交点的绑扎方相不宜相同。上下层网片中间用马凳筋支撑，保证上层网片位置准确，绑扎牢固，无松动。（6）钢筋的接头形式，筏板内受力筋及分布筋采用绑扎搭接，搭接位置及搭接长度按设计要求。基础架纵筋采用单面（双面）搭接电弧焊，焊接接头位置及焊缝长度按设计及规范要求，焊接试件按规范要求留置、试验。2.砼工程（1）采用现场机械搅拌、砼输送泵泵送的方案。考虑冬期施工，并要能有效防止连续降雪对砼浇

77、筑施工的影响，砼冬期施工采用综合蓄热、砼掺外加剂，辅以暖棚施工法。（2）配合比的试配按泵送的要求， 坍落度达到150-180mm,水泥选用普通硅酸盐水泥32.5号,砂为中砂,石子为5-25mm粒径碎石,外加剂选砼泵送防冻剂,早强减水型。拌合水为自来水。砼配合比由现场原材料取样送试验室试配后确定,现场施工时再根据测定的粗细骨料实际含水量,对试验室配比单作以调整。(3)浇筑的顺序是先浇筑I段,后浇筑II段。浇筑I段砼时的施工流向是先自A30轴至A1轴,再拐至16轴处后浇带边;浇筑II段砼时的施工流向是自58轴至18轴处后浇带边。(4)浇砼前应做到:钢筋已作完隐检验收,符合设计要求。砼输送泵管支架已

78、搭设完成,支架牢固可靠,并保证支撑件及其上的泵管不压钢筋及模板。支架支撑管件应独立设置,不能与模板支架或钢管连接。砼搅拌机负荷试运转正常。砼输送泵调试完毕，加水试压正常，泵管已连接，密封完好。计量器具如磅秤、台秤等经检查核实无误，砼搅拌机上的加水量计量器试运行准确。砼振捣器经检验试运转正。水泥、砂、石、外加剂等材料现场已有足够的储存量，并已落实好供应渠道，可保证连续浇筑施工时的后续供应。现场粗细骨料实际含水量已经测定并已调整好施工配合比。根据施工方案及技术措施要求已对班组进行过全面的施工技术交底。冬期施工的各项保证措施，如水的加热温度是否达到要求，保温覆盖物资是否齐备等等已经落实完备。（5）砼

79、搅拌采用两台350型自落式搅拌机同时工作，根椐搅拌机的出料能力选择适合的砼输送泵，即在单位时间内搅拌机总的实际喂料量要与砼输送泵的吞料量相适应，保证泵机的正常连续运行及不超负荷工作。（6）绑筋期间基坑内所搭的暖棚，根据实际气候条件可考虑作为砼浇筑及养护期间的遮雪、保温棚。在棚内均匀设置三处测温点记录棚内气温，掌握棚内与室外气温温差情况，以采取相应的措施。（7）浇筑施工前模板内的泥土、木屑等杂物清除干净，钢筋或模板上若粘有冰雪及时清除。（8）砼拌合用水的加热。在搅拌机旁架一水箱，下边用煤生火加热，水温至6080即可，不宜超过80。但根据实际气温条件可加水至100，但水泥不能与热水直接接触。（9）

80、粗细骨料中若含冰雪冻块等及时清除，拌合砼的各项原材计量须准确。粗细骨料用手推车上料，磅秤称量，水泥以每袋50kg计量，泵送防冻剂用台秤称量，水用砼搅拌机上的计量器计量。（10）搅拌时采用石子水泥砂或砂水泥石子的投料顺序，避免80左右的热水与水泥直接接触，发生瞬凝现象，泵送防冻剂与骨料一同加入。搅拌时间不少于90秒，保证拌合物搅拌均匀。（11）砼输送泵的泵管用草帘包裹保温。砼自搅拌机出料后及时输送至浇筑点，保证砼在入模时的温度不底于5（温度计实测）。若浇筑时实测砼的入模温度达不到5，可采取下列措施：继续提高拌合水的温度。在现场暖棚内靠近浇筑点的区域均匀设火炉生火加温。（12）开始泵送时，砼泵应处

81、于慢速、均速，并随时可反泵的状态。泵送速度应先慢后快，逐步加速。泵送砼应连续进行，当输送泵管被堵塞时，立即采取下列措施排除：重复进行反泵和正泵，逐步吸出砼至料斗中，重新搅拌后泵送；用木槌敲击等方法，查明堵塞部位将砼击松后，进行反泵和正泵，排除堵塞。当上述两种方法无效时，应在砼卸压后，拆除堵塞部位的输送管，排除砼堵塞物后再接管输送。（13）砼振捣采用插入式振捣棒。振捣时振动棒要快插慢拔，插点均匀排列，逐点移动，顺序进行，以防漏振。插点间距约40cm。振捣至砼表面出浆，不再泛气泡时即可。（14）浇筑筏板砼时不需分层，一次浇筑成型，虚摊砼时比设计标高先稍高一些，待振捣均匀密实后用木抹子按标高线搓平即

82、可。（15）浇筑砼连续进行，若因非正常原因造成浇筑暂停，当停歇时间超过水泥初凝时间时，接槎处按施工缝处理。施工缝应留直槎，继续浇筑砼前对施工缝处理方法为：先剔除接槎处的浮动石子，再摊少量高标号水泥砂浆均匀撒开，然后浇筑砼，振捣密实。（16）浇筑完的砼按标高线抹平（木抹子收面不少于二遍），砼初凝后立即用塑料薄模覆盖表面，然后再覆盖双层草帘保温，在草帘上再覆一层彩条布保护，养护期间根据测温情况再考虑是否在棚内生火炉加温。（17）砼测温孔留设。测温孔的平面布置方案：基础梁沿长度方向每隔5m设一处，筏板按间距7m平行布置测温孔，孔深200mm，浇筑砼时在应设测温孔的位置每处埋置一根直径20PVC管，管

83、上口略高于砼面，用软纸或棉纱塞实即可。三质量控制措施：（1）相关工程还应符合本工程冬期施工措施的要求。（2）各种原材料，如钢筋、水泥、外加剂等应有合格的产品质量证明资料，进场后取样试验，复试合格后再使用。杜绝不合格产品用于工程。砂、石要做骨料分析，选择合适的级配。石子含泥量不大于2%，砂含泥量不大于5%。 （3）框架柱插筋在浇砼前应固定好位置，上口加固定箍筋与纵筋绑扎牢固，防止浇砼时柱主筋位移。 （4）浇砼时严禁随意踩踏、移动已绑好的板筋，钢筋工要派人随时检查钢筋的位置、保护层、骨架顺直、柱主筋位置，发现问题及时修理。 （5）砼开盘浇筑时，先组织技术人员对出盘砼的坍落度、和易性进行鉴定，调整至

84、符合要求后再正式搅拌。以后随时检查砼的坍落度须符合要求。 (6)振捣砼时振捣棒严禁碰模板和钢筋。严禁使用振捣棒摊开砼。振捣应细致，密实。在纵、横梁交错处钢筋较密不易振捣时可采取如下措施：使用小直径的振捣棒，分层铺料；可先松开部分筏板上层附加筋,拨开，待砼振捣完成后再恢复移动过的钢筋位置。 （7）浇砼时经常观察模板及钢筋，看模板有无异常，支撑是否有松动，钢筋保护层、插筋位置有无变化。发现问题通知有关班组及时修正。 （8）砼表面标高的控制。浇砼前在模板边弹出砼表面标高平线，在柱插筋上标出高于砼上表面500mm的平线。砼摊料、抹面时据此拉线作为标高控制线。 （9）砼试块的留置。连续浇筑每超过200m3砼留置一组标准养护试块和一组同条件养护试块。同条件养护试块采取与现场相同的条件养护。标养试块的28d抗压强度值及同条件养护试块的等效28d抗压强度值均作为评定分析砼抗压强度的资料。 （10）砼养护期间的测温工作。砼内的养护温度每隔4h测一次。测时温度计在测温孔内留置的时间应不少于2min，测温孔上口密封严实，取出温度计后立即读数。暖棚内气温每天记录4次。考虑到所用防冻剂的适用温度为-50C-100C，计划砼内的养护温度在前3d不低于00C，以后至28d前不低于-30C。当实测出现稳定低于上述限值的养护温度时，立即在暖棚内均匀布置火炉加热，升高棚内气温至砼内的养护温度达到预计要求。