北京松山国家级自然保护区生态旅游规划方案（133页）.pdf

1、北 京 松 山 国家级自然保护区生态旅游规划ECO-TOURISM PLANNING FOR SONGSHAN NATIONAL NATURE RESERVE IN BEIJING4松山作为北京市唯一的国家级自然保护区，拥有华北地区稀缺的天然油松林、四季溪流、奇石和众多珍贵的动植物资源，其生态价值和科普教育的作用在北京周边享有盛誉。但自然保护区内现存的大庄科村生产活动、过度的大众旅游、以及过境公路的干扰已经严重影响到松山自然保护区的环境质量和生态系统的完整性。远见卓识的北京市园林局领导、北京松山自然保护区管委会和美国大自然协会（TNC）希望借助社会上日渐提高的环保意识以及2008北京绿色奥林匹

2、克运动会的机遇，委托易道公司针对松山自然保护区的试验区进行系统研究，在通盘考虑保护区的长远发展的基础上，重点对塘子峪试验区进行生态旅游的概念性总体规划，通过各方协作，寻求新的保护区发展模式，协调解决现有矛盾和问题，寓教于游，引领生态休闲新风尚，兼顾经济平衡和社区公正，达到可持续发展的长远目标。易道公司为此组建了包括城市规划、生态环境、经济分析、景观设计、建筑等多专业融合的设计小组，希望以生态保护为前提，在生态容量允许的前提下，克服场地空间狭小、游线单一、季节性等限制，通过针对性的项目策划和巧妙的规划设计，适度拓展形式多样的生态旅游活动，将科普教育、生态体验、观光休闲等多项活动巧妙地结合在一起，

3、以启迪和教育广大市民和游客重新体会人与自然的关系，提高环境保护意识，取得身心的洗礼和升华。设计小组的重要研究和规划设计内容涵盖：首先从区域出发，分别从生态、经济、规划、景观等多角度对自然保护区整 体的资源和发展进行细致的分析和研究，明确了项目的机遇和挑战，提出了创建华北知名生态旅游典范的项目愿景。对大庄科村的生产、旅游以及省级过境交通的提出调整建议，分工协作，实 现融合，旨在从根本上解决社会矛盾、促进社区和谐共同发展。重新划定保护区核心区、缓冲区和试验区的范围的范围，为修订自然保护区 总体规划和更好地开展生态旅游奠定基础。建立可持续发展的生态维育框架，对油松林、白桦，溪谷、奇石、动物栖息 地提

4、出系统的保护框架和维育策略，并对保护区的远景发展提出建议.采用改、增、减、优等综合措施优化及改善核心旅游区的游线/景点，通过 设置半山/山顶游线拓展活动半径，增加游客的承载容量和活动的多样性，集科普教育和娱乐休闲于一体，创造了远近高低等丰富的体验和感受。对于整体的建筑风貌、步道和标识系统提出整体优化建议，通过改动外立面 和使用当地材料，塑造融于自然的低调质朴的整体风貌和安全、易于识别的舒适感受。配合绿色奥林匹克的主题，对旅游产品的推广、管理以及经济运行提出了针 对性建议 为便于阅读，本成果共2卷，包括卷1 生态旅游规划和卷2 基础资料研究汇编。易道设计小组希望通过本项目为松山在各个尺度上塑造新

5、的自然特色风貌和增强生态旅游的吸引力，实现与大庄科村社区的和谐发展和区域共荣。与此同时，希望能够为国内的生态旅游规划正名，通过多学科的协作和针对问题的系统规划方法的陈述，以期对中国自然保区的合理保护和发展有所启示，真正实现国内各级自然保护区的可持续发展。在规划过程中，易道设计小组紧密配合北京市园林绿化局、延庆县政府、松山自然保护区、美国大自然协会等领导和专家的指示和建议，积极落实松山自然保护区行动规划，系统研究、精心设计，力求创建国内尤其是北方地区自然保护区生态旅游的典范。在规划编制的过程中，幸得北京大学崔海亭教授、中国林业科学院崔丽娟博士等专家的指点和支持，值此成果提交之际，对上述领导和专家

6、致以最衷心的感谢。项目概述 Executive Summary5As the only national nature reserve in Beijing, Songshan is blessed with rich biological and landscape resources such as the Chinese pine forest, rare wildlife, small streams, and unique geologic formations with high ecological and educational value. As a result, Song

7、shan Nature Reserve is popular among people in Beijing and other parts of China. However, overdevelopment of mass tourism, construction of highway crossing the site, and domestic waste produced by the Dazhuangke Village within the project site have seriously affected the environmental quality and ec

8、osystem of Songshan Nature Reserve. Catching the tide of increasing public environmental awareness coinciding with Beijings Green Olympics, the Beijing Gardening and Greening Bureau, the Songshan Nature Reserve Management Office and The Nature Conservancy (TNC) collaborated and commissioned EDAW for

9、 a systematic study of the Reserves “Pilot Zone”, specifically a conceptual ecotourism masterplan for the Tangziyu pilot area. One of the projects aims is to find a proper development mode for the Reserve that can address existing problems in the reserve, promote collaboration amongst stakeholders;

10、provide public education opportunities; inspire a new lifestyle; benefit local communities; and ultimately achieve the goal of sustainable park development. EDAW formed an inter-disciplinary team for the project which includes town planners, environment planners, landscape architecs, and architecs.

11、As ecological conservation is the anchoring theme of the project, masterplan integrate education, experience of nature, sightseeing, and recreation into one packaged experience programs, which will promote public awareness of environmental protection. Following is a summary of the tasks achieved in

12、the ecotourism plan.A detailed study and analysis of the Reserves resources and their develop-ment from ecological, economic, planning, and landscape perspectives. The project opportunities and challenges were then identified, and the proj-ect vision was proposed, which is to transform Songshan Natu

13、re Reserve into a prominent ecotourism showcase in Northern China.Recommendations to adjust the function of Dakezhuang Village to include tourism development. In addtion, it is recommended to adjust the function of the provincial road passing through the site, thereby promoting a more synergetic dev

14、elopment. Redefined the boundary of the Reserves Core Zone, Buffer Zone, and Pi-lot Zone, providing a reference framework for revising the masterplan and ecotourism planning for the Nature Reserve.A framework for sustainable ecological conservationies including conser-vation strategies for the syste

15、matic protection natural Chinese pine forest, birch, valley areas, rocky landforms, and habitats.Improvement for the tour route/scenic spot system to enhance the natural feature experience, expand capacity for receiving tourists, integrate edu-cation and recreation, and create varied experiences in

16、different places in the project site.I improvement recommendation for the overall architectural style, walkways, and the signage system. Use of local materials will create a simplified style harmonious with the natural setting. Recommendation on promotion, management and successful financial op-erat

17、ion of eco-tourism products .The final results of the project were included in two volumes for easy reference, including Volume I - Ecotourism Masterplan and Volume II - Data Collection.The design aimed to establish an attractive ecotourism destination with varied natural features on different scale

18、s, and to achieve sustainable development for both the nature reserve and Dakezhuang Village.Close collaboration with clients was an important part of the design process in creating the Songshan Nature Reserve Plan and establishing an ecotourism model in Northern China. EDAW would like to deliver sp

19、ecial acknowledgements to Professor Haiting Tsui from Beijing University and Dr. Lijuan Cui from the Chinese Academy of Forestry for their directions and support in this project.6EDAW TeamPRINCIPAL IN CHARGE项目主持人Sean Chiao乔全生PROJECT DIRECTOR项目总监Fengyu Li李凤禹PROJECT MANAGER项目经理Feng Guo郭枫SENIOR ADVISOR

20、高级顾问Stephane Asselin 艾思龙Hungchih Liu刘泓志EDAW TeamURBAN DESIGN PLANNING总体规划设计XiaoGeng Su苏肖更NingGang Zhao赵宁刚Ken Wen温祖健Xianghua Li李向华Vicki Li李丹Yanxiang Zhang张雁翔Hui Zhu朱慧Mujing Niu牛牧菁Jessica Liu刘丹丹EDAW TeamLANDSCAPE景观设计Neo Cai蔡耀兵Tonya CowfordWen Liu刘雯7EDAW TeamENVIRONMENT环境规划Kimberlee Myers麦雁诗He Li李贺Shua

21、ng Zhang张爽Spring Greeny葛瑞妮EDAW TeamECONOMICS经济分析Chris Yoshii吉井贵司 Daniel Shih石峰Iris Zhu朱虹Liang Ma马亮8序言Preface本文研究和探讨了北京松山国家级自然保护区作为人类与自然和谐共处的典范，如何实现并延续，如何在保留自身良好循环的前提下为喜爱自然的心灵提供静思空间，使心灵得以沉静。希望这样的方式不仅可以影响松山的可持续发展，也会影响人们对待自然的方式和态度 ，促进自然和人类社会的相得益彰。The report studies and discusses how Beijings Songshan N

22、ational Nature Reserve, an important example of conservation efforts, can grow and sustain itself so as to provide a refreshing retreat for nature-lovers without damaging the ecosystem. The study aims to bring people to nature, to influence visitor activities in the project site, to possibly change

23、their attitude toward nature, and finally to promote the positive interaction between nature and people.卷一 生态旅游规划 Volume I Ecotourism Planning 1 项目背景 13 Project Background2 发展目标 21 Development Objectives3 规划条件梳理 26 Exisiting Planning Issues4 总体规划框架 38 Master Planning Framework 5 主景区生态旅游规划 48 Ecotour

24、ism Planning for the Main Scenic Area 6 节点意向 96 Indicative Nodes 7 实施保障体系 118 Assurance Systems卷二 基础研究成果汇编 Volume II Collection of Research Results1 生态旅游概念研究 138 The Study of Eco-tourism 2 案例研究 144 Case Studies 3 经济分析 160 Economic Analysis 4 环境资源分析 172 Ecological Resources Analysis 5 风景资源质量等级评定 186

25、Landscape Resources Grading 引用文件（规划依据）及参考书目 196References 跋 项目团队及成员随笔 198Postscript Project Team and DiariesContents目 录卷一 生态旅游规划 Volume I Ecotourism Planning12在此，我们把目光放大放远，把基地放至历史发展的当下，放至全球地理空间系统中的当地，去定位基地所应承担的责任和使命，同时希望从大的时空快速聚焦到基地本身，过滤基地感知及认识过程中获取的芜杂的现象和细节，保留对基地清晰敏锐的判断，最终获得对基地多维度多角度的认识，这种认识，将作为一切行

26、动的缘由和指针。Viewed in a broader historical and geographical context, the project positioning identifies the projects responsibility and mission, and determines future design tasks based on a sharp understanding of the site.1.1 时间及空间背景1.2 自然及社会背景1.1 Temporal and Apatial Background1.2 Natural and Social B

27、ackground1 项目背景P r o j e c t B a c k g r o u n d14项目背景Project Background1.1 时间及空间背景 Temporal and Spatial Background公元2008年，地球的年龄约46亿年，人类作为地球的居民数十万年，全球生态环境问题日益突出，城市化令自然成为破碎的斑块，气候变暖、臭氧层耗竭、酸雨、水资源状况恶化、土壤资源退化、全球森林危机、生物多样性减少、毒害物质污染正威胁着人类的生存。文明的创建代价巨大。In the year 2008, the Earth has been living for 4.6 bil

28、lion years, and human be-ings have lived as the Earths residents for hundreds of thousands years. Nowa-days, ecological issues, natural environments scattered by urbanization, global warming, ozone depletion, acid rain, deteriorating water and soil resources, worldwide forest crisis, decreasing biod

29、iversity, and poisonous pollutants are not only threatening human life on this planet, but also reflect the huge ecological cost of human construction.北京，中国首都，世界级特大城市，人口增长、城市建设突飞猛进，资源约束加剧、区域生态退化、机动车超速增长，2008绿色奥运的召开，环境保护不是口号而是必须Beijing is the capital of China and a mega-city which is experiencing fas

30、t popula-tion growth, fast urban expansion, constraining resources, degenerating ecosys-tems, and a high increase of vehicle ownership. The city will host the 2008 Olym-pics, which is promoted by the government as a “Green Olympics”. Therefore ,environment protection is a must as well as a slogan fo

31、r Beijing.15旅游，作为人类在地球表面行走的一种方式，起源甚久，动机说法不一。拜技术所赐，目前人类可以借助各种交通工具舒适快捷的到达目的地，网络虚拟世界和Google Earth的日趋普及，更可以足不出户体验大千世界，文明加快人类的疏离更加凸现真实自然的可贵，强调负责任认知的生态旅游逐步取代强调消费猎奇的大众旅游成为主流Tourism, one form of human activity on the planet, can be promoted by technol-ogy advances. People can not only access physical destin

32、ations more comfort-ably and quickly, but also tour different places through virtual environment such as Google Earth. However, societal development is double-edged sword, which on the one hand promotes isolation among people and on the other hand drives people to love nature. For this reason, ecoto

33、urism is giving way to traditional mass tourism.传统旅游对资源掠夺式的开发破坏环境，开始阻碍旅游业的发展。生态旅游成为平衡自然保护和旅游关系的可持续之路和必然选择。Traditional tourism is destroying the environment through rapacious development and thus starts to slow down the industrys development. Ecotourism offers a sus-tainable approach and becomes a ne

34、cessary choice to balance the relationship between nature preservation and tourism development.松山国家级自然保护区地处燕山山系，位于北京市重要的生态涵养区延庆县的西北部，是北京市唯一的国家级自然保护区，北京市重要的生态屏障和饮用水涵养地，生态责任非同小可。Songshan National Nature Reserve is located in northwest Yanqing Country within the Yanshan Mountain Range, and is a signifi

35、cant conservation area for Beijing. It maintains great ecological value for Beijing as the only national nature reserve of Beijing, and is an important ecological bar-rier, as well as a water resource conservation area.松山自然保护区距市区90公里，距离延庆县城25公里。有八达岭高速和国道110与市区连接，从北京四环路驱车2小时即可到达松山。成为市民和访客喜爱的、方便到达的游览之

36、地，也是北京科研院校院所科学考察的基地。具备开展生态旅游的良好条件。Songshan Nature Reserve is 90 km from downtown Beijing and 25 km from the town of Yanqing County. The reserve is a two-hour drive from north 4th Ring Road and is accessible by the Badaling Expressway and No. 110 National Expressway. It is a tourism destination as we

37、ll as an education base for universities and research institutes. It is a prime location for ecotourism development.北京市区Beijing Downtown延庆县Yanqing松山国家自然保护区Song Mountain National Nature Reserve90km25km161.2 自然及社会背景 Natural And Social Background行政区划对自然生态系统的切分，使燕山山脉被分为河北大海坨自然保护区、北京松山自然保护区、延庆玉渡山风景区。三者在区

38、位、交通联系、资源类型、景观生态格局、珍稀动物保护、森林防火、病虫害防治以及现存旅游活动的分布等诸多方面都有着密切的关系，如何利用和引导三者关系达到和谐共融是生态旅游规划必须考虑的问题。目前很多游客从河北大海坨自然保护区及玉渡山景区进入松山，缺乏对环境污染的控制，对环境保护和生态旅游的有序开展都十分不利。The Yanshan Mountain Range is divided into Dahaituo Nature Re-serve in Hebei Province, Songshan Nature Reserve in Beijing, and Yudushan scenic spot

39、 in Yanqing County. The three areas are closely related in terms of location, transportation connection, resource types, landscape and ecological layout, protection of rare animals, forest fire prevention, pest prevention and control, as well as layout of existing tourism activities. As the result,

40、an essential issue in the project ecotourism planning is how to achieve a synergy of these three areas.Currently many tourists travel between Dahaituo Nature Reserve and Songshan Nature Reserve through Yudushan, which is unfavorable for environment protection and orderly development of ecotourism in

41、 these areas.毗邻的大庄科村从农业+林业形态的生产方式转变为森林巡护+乡村旅游结合的生产方式，并初步获益，在护林防火、旅游形态、分工协作等方面和松山自然保护区也初步形成良好的关系。但随着保护区生态旅游逐步走向正轨，大庄科村旅游也需要使自身功能及特征定位更加明确和清晰化，辅助保护区规范游客行为，促进保护，并将乡村旅游对环境的影响降低到生态旅游可以接受的标准。同时随着未来的生态旅游发展，需要更好的社区合作的解决方案。Before tourism development, the nearby Dazhuangke Village mostly subsided on agricultu

42、re and forestry. Now they are conducting forest patrol and village tourism, which has benefitted local economy, while making progresses in for-est fire prevention and collaborative development. For the ecotourism program in Songshan, Dazhuangke Village needs to re-adjust its function so as to play a

43、 supportive role in project development, and also help to reduce the tourism impact on the local environment to an acceptable standard. Better community collaboration is necessary for future ecotourism development.大庄科村有村民79人，5处农家乐/家庭餐馆旅馆，是松山发展旅游业重要的旅游服务基地和住宿基地。大庄科村范围内发展了初步的大众旅游，可提供餐饮、住宿、农家乐、森林观光等服务，

44、旅游负面影响之一是游客和村民制造了生活污水、废弃物和废气得不到控制，对资源造成一定威胁。其二为游客从大庄科村旁的自然小径私自进入松山自然保护区，其行为无法得到监控和有效管理，同时规避了门票收费，目前这部分游客规模虽然很小，但已产生一定程度的负面影响。Currently there are 79 people of 28 households living in the Dakezhuang Vil-lage, with 5 family-run inns. Tourism services include accommodation, agricul-tural tours, and a fo

45、rest walk. One of the negative tourism impacts is the threats to resources by domestic waste water, waste, and air pollution produced by local residents and tourists. Another potential problem is that tourists can enter Song-shan Nature Reserve through an existing trail near the Dakezhuang Village.

46、This access cannot be effectively monitored or managed and will reduce revenue from ticket-selling.17自然资源从环境及物种角度价值高，但景观价值及珍稀度较弱，形态及类型上较为单一，导致潜在旅游活动的多样性弱。且大部分地区为谷地空间，用地局促，对活动类型、环境容量和游客量限制较大。此外，基地缺少人文亮点和可利用的历史及地方民俗文化资源，旅游活动主要需依赖自然资源，采取回归自然的旅游形式。The existing natural resources have a high ecological an

47、d biological value, but are weak in terms of landscape value and rarity. The unvaried landscape form restrains tourism programming; the dominant valley space with limited land also affects programming variety, environmental capacity, and visitation. Moreover, the project site does not hold a cultura

48、l highlight, usable historic resources, or folk customs which allow for more varied tourism programs. Consequently, pro-gramming is only themed on natural resources existing within the project site.现有旅游服务设施及解说系统缺乏总体规划，系统不完善，功能单一，水平低，风貌杂乱、旅游承载力较小，生态旅游关键性设施如游客中心、科教中心等缺乏。发展生态旅游，设施改造迫在眉睫。Without overall

49、 planning, the existing tourism facilities and interpretation system is incomplete, single in function, simple, and chaotic with a low reception ca-pacity. There are no critical ecotourism facilities such as a visitors center or education center. Therefore, facility renovation is an urgent issue for

50、 ecotourism development in the project site. 松山的旅游行为处于发展的初级阶段，体验与活动内容单一，以登山和自然观光为主，硬件设施水平较低，游客规模低（每年仅5-7万人次）、旅游收入少（不足200万元），收入来源单纯依靠门票（占一半左右，另一半来自北京市政府财政拨款，还有极小部分来自旅游服务设施出租）。可以看出，松山旅游业仍然属于大众旅游阶段，未真正触及生态旅游内涵，尚未充分利用自然条件和市场条件，还有很大的提升空间。Tourism development in Songshan is still in its initial stage, feat

51、uring mountain-climbing and natural scenery tours, with underdeveloped facilities, low visitation (annually 50,000 to 70,000 person times), low revenue (less than 2 millions yuan annually), and funding from ticket-selling (about half from ticket-selling, half from government appropriation, and littl

52、e from tourism facilities rental). These facts reflect that tourism in Songshan falls into the category of mass tourism without the essential development of ecotourism. There is consequently room for im-provement in terms of better utilization of the sites natural conditions and the available existi

53、ng market.尽管旅游发展处于较低阶段，游客量相较于周边景区并不高，但环境问题已经较为突出，对比未开展旅游的上世纪80年代，可以明显看出松山的森林生态系统局部退化，溪流生态系统受到旅游区和大庄科村污水的威胁，现有游线容量已无法满足日益发展的游客需求，在高峰时段已达到危及游客安全和环境保护的临界状态，如不加以疏导和控制，对生态旅游和资源保护都很不利。此外，现有松闫路过境交通带来的噪声和空气污染，与居民生活、生态旅游、环境保护等方面矛盾最为突出。诸多环境问题的解决需要进行全面的保护规划和环境保护基础设施的建设。Though at an initial development stage wi

54、th fewer visitors than adjacent scenic spots, Songshan Nature Reserve is encountering numerous environmental prob-lems. Compared to 1980s, Songshans forest system is partially deteriorating; the creek ecosystem is subject to threats of waste from the tourism area and the Dakezhuang Village; and capa

55、city of existing tour routes cannot accommodate growing visitation, to the critical point of being unable to effectively handle visi-tors security and environmental preservation during the high season. This situa-tion will aggravate the imbalance of ecotourism and resource conservation if no effecti

56、ve countermeasures are taken. Another environmental issue is noise and air pollution from Songyan Road, which brings impacts on local resident living, ecotourism and environmental preservation. An overall masterplan for protection and infrastructure construction is needed to address these existing i

57、ssues.项目背景Project Background18目前的游客量在时间的分布上，主要集中在“五一”“十一”黄金周及春夏季的周末，淡旺季游客量差异明显，冬季旅游活动因防火需要未能开展。在空间分布上主要集中在主景区的唯一的一条游线上。游客量在时空分布上的合理性以及游客量和环境容量的平衡需要生态旅游规划解决。一方面可通过完善其他分景区和游线系统的健全来疏导景区内的游客分布，一方面可以通过生态旅游体验、活动内容、硬件设施及旅游收入构成方面的合理规划，引导不同客源在时空上的合理分布，提高设施全年的利用率。 Currently, there is an obvious difference of

58、visitation between the high season and low season (high season refers to the one-week holidays at the beginning of May and October and weekends during spring and autumn). No winter ac-tivities are developed due to fire prevention consideration. Spatially, visitors are concentrated on the only existi

59、ng route in the main scenic area. The ecotourism planning will address visitors temporal and spatial distribution, and the balance between visitation and environmental capacity. A complete tour route system, as well as the planning of an ecotourism experience, programs, facilities, and tour-ism reve

60、nue components will be proposed to attract visitors and improve their distribution within Songshan Nature Reserve. 松山具备优越的市场条件和区位条件优势，有大规模的可利用市场，在完善生态旅游规划及相关建设后，配合对外宣传促销，可以实现一定的游客规模和旅游收入。挑战在于如何控制市场需求和游客量及收入之间的合理关系，才符合生态旅游的标准，保证资源和旅游的可持续性。我们认为，作为一个国家级自然保护区，松山不应以市场需求为导向，不应将游客量和相应的门票收入作为追求目标，而应在旅游产品旅游商

61、品设计上下功夫，拓展高素质高端市场，提高游客的在松山的消费量和复游率，延长旅游产业链，在生态、社会、经济等方面获得综合收益。The Songshan project enjoys advantages in niche market and location. Remark-able increase in visitation and tourism revenue can be achieved after complete ecotourism planning, infrastructure construction, and promotion activities. The ess

62、ential challenge is how to control the relationship between market demand/visitation and tourism revenue so as to meet the standards of ecotourism and ensure sustainability of both resources and tourism activity. We believe that as a national nature reserve, Songshan should be oriented at a market r

63、ather than a certain goal in visitation or ticket-selling revenue. Efforts should be taken on the design of tourism product/merchandising and high-end market exploration to increase visitor consumption and regular visitors, extend the tourism industrial chain, and achieve synergetic ecological, soci

64、al, and economic benefits.19松山是距离北京市区最近的国家级自然保护区，可利用市场（2006年）有北京市城市居民1290万，国内游客1240万，国际游客390万。三者都将保持持续增长，尤其是国内外游客会在奥运因素下实现迅速增长。松山的市场需求预计到2010年能够达到12万人次，2015年21万人次，2020年33万人次（详见卷二的游客规模预测）。The project is located immediately to the northwest of Beijing downtown. The available market includes 12.9 milli

65、on Beijing residents, 12.4 million domestic tourists and 3.9 million foreign tourists. These three figures will keep growing, es-pecially domestic and foreign tourists because of the 2008 Olympics exposure. Visitation to the Songshan Nature Reserve is predicted to reach 120,000 person times in 2010,

66、 210,000 person times in 2015, and 330,000 person times in 2020. For further details, please refer to Visitation Prediction in Volume II.管理处由林场转变而来，多年来在林业生产、森林防火及资源保护方面积累了丰富的经验，但在生态旅游建设及运营还未形成系统的、有经验的生态旅游管理团队，一方面自身技术力量有限，一方面并没有充分利用大专院校、科研院所及国际组织的技术力量。而好的生态旅游更多的是好的运营管理指导下的旅游，故松山要成为生态旅游的示范地，管理处要建立完善的高

67、水平的管理体系，除应立足于自身的人力资源建设外，应放眼于更大的社会范围内可以获得的技术支援。The Songshan Nature Reserve Management Office is responsible for forest farm management, forest farm production, fire prevention, and resource preservation. However, there is no experienced team for ecotourism construction, operation, and management. As

68、ecotourism is a type of tourism form where good opera-tion and management is critical, Songshan Nature Reserve Management Office needs to establish a management system, enhance its staff training, and obtain more technical assistance on a wider basis, including universities, research insti-tutes, an

69、d international organizations.松山自然保护区开展生态旅游需要在资源合理利用、基础设施建设、管理体系建设方面下大力气，加大投入。单一的资金来源和经营模式以及一步到位式的投入肯定是难以适应松山的状况，所以，向哪里寻求怎样的支持（经济上和技术上的），争取到的支持如何分配等资金来源、经营以及开发时序的是工作的重点和难点。Ecotourism development in Songshan Nature Reserve requires much effort and investment for practical resource utilization, infras

70、tructure construction, and man-agement system establishment. A single funding source and operation mode and a one-time investment is not enough to fund the nature reserve. Therefore, the projects emphasis and difficulty lies in where to seek economic and tech-nical support, how to allocate funds, an

71、d how to establish a correct operation mechanism and development sequence.项目背景Project Background20找到解决问题的方法，就找到了答案。The answer will be found when you discover the way to solve the problem.2.1 有待解决的主要问题2.2 规划目标2.3 规划原则2.4 技术路线2.1 Key Issues to be Addressed2.2 Objectives2.3 Principles2.4 Overall Guidel

72、ines2 发展目标D e v e l o p m e n t O b j e c t i v e s22发展目标Development Objectives2.1 有待解决的主要问题 Key Issues to be Addressed区域协作问题消除行政区划对自然生态系统的切分，完善区域保护和利用功能区划调整问题解决原有保护区功能区划与资源保护和生态旅游的矛盾过境交通问题消除过境公路对环境、生活、旅游活动的负面影响设施规划问题功能设施不健全，布局不合理，整体风貌杂乱环境容量和游客量时空分布问题解决单一游线系统、旅游活动和游客量的矛盾，缓解高峰期压力，提高设施利用的合理性，保护资源现状景点改

73、造问题提升整体形象改观，满足生态旅游的综合要求解说系统缺失问题增强解说系统的趣味性和丰富性，提供反映生态旅游内涵 生态人文资料运营及管理问题保障资源保护、生态旅游规划Regional cooperation avoid segmentation of natural ecosystems resulting from administrative division to promote regional protection and tourism utilizationAdjustment to functional zoning resolve the conflict between t

74、he original functional zoning of the conservation zone and proposed ecotourism and resource protection areasSongyan Road eliminate adverse impcats caused by Songyan Road on the environment, quality of life and tourismFacilities poor planning and poor conditions of existing facilities, including impr

75、actical layout, and chaotic overall imageaddress inadequacies of a single hiking trail, and limited choices of tourist activities, and calculate the appropriate number of of tourists that the reserve can handleRedesign of existing scenic spots improve the overall image of the scenic area according t

76、o the principles of according to the principles of ecotourismSignage and information create a new signage system to promot understanding and appreciation of the nature reserve and its resources Operation and management ensure implementation of resource protection and ecotourism planning recommendati

77、ons23To become Northern Chinas distinguished mountain destination with well func-tioning ecosystemTo become an ecotourism destination that meets the highest international stan-dards in Northern China National scientific research and education baseValley, forest, creek, and rock as the main featuresT

78、o meet the needs of nature lovers, outdoor exploration teams and scientific researchers for recreation, natural experience and scientific researchPromote ecological protection and the harmonious development of society2.2 规划目标 Objectives华北名山，生态佳境华北地区具国际水准的生态旅游目的地国家级科研及科普基地“谷”、“林”、“溪”、“石”等主要景观资源完美结合满足

79、自然爱好者、野外探险团队、科考人员之健康休闲、自然体验、科研考察等综合功能促进生态保护和社会和谐发展242.3 规划原则 Principles依托自然，保护优先节制建设，拓展内涵注重细节，提升品质强化管理，塑造典范Respect nature, prioritize environmental protectionLimit construction, increase meaning of ecotourismPay attention to detail, improve qualityStrengthen management, create an world class model25

80、发展目标Development Projectives2.4 技术路线 Overall Guidelines可持续原则指导针对主要矛盾入手多尺度、多层级、系统化综合的基础调研和翔实的案例研究Comply with sustainable principlesBegin planning process by addressing principal issuesEngage in systematic, multi-tiered, macro and micro level planningOverall fundamental investigation and adequate cases

81、 study基地作为时空相交的网络上的一点，是形成的而不是建成的，很多问题超越了保护区的边界，超越了自然环境本身。故在开始生态旅游规划的具体工作之前，有必要对核心问题进行研究，为生态旅游规划创造良好的前提条件首先要寻找基地与社区文化与区域经济的休戚相关的联系，寻求共荣互利的和谐发展道路；其次对相关的上位规划进行分析，澄清不可回避的现状遗留问题和制约因素，并尝试着提出解决方案；同时为保证以自然资源为基础的生态旅游的可持续性，针对资源特点要提出切实的保护策略。The baseline of the site and the surrounding area is not constructed b

82、ut formed - many problems go beyond the scope of the conservation zone and the natural envi-ronment. Therefore, before starting specific ecotourism programming, it is necessary to study various core issues on a wide-scale level. First, find the close relationship between the existing condition and c

83、ommunity culture, as well as the regional econ-omy, to search for a road to prosperity, mutual benefit and harmonious development; second, analyze nearby tourism programming, clarify unavoidable problems and re-strictive factors, and find practical site solutions; last, in order to ensure sustainabi

84、lity of ecotourism based on natural resources, implement a practical protection strategy.3.1 区域协调及社区参与3.2 上位规划梳理及调整3.3 环境保护策略3.1 Regional Coordination and Community Participation3.2 Review And Comments on Upper-Level Planning3.3 Environmental Protection Strategy3 规划条件梳理E x i s i t i n g P l a n n i

85、n g I s s u e s28规划条件梳理Exisiting Planning Issues昌平区Changping平谷区Pinggu顺义区Shunyi密云县Miyun北京市区Beijing Downtown门头沟区Mentougou房山区Fangshan大兴区Daxing通州区Tongzhou怀柔区Huairou云蒙山国家森林公园YMS National Forest Park雾灵山森林旅游区WLS Forest Park西山国家森林公园Xishan National Forest Park上方山国家森林公园SFS National Forest Park霞云岭国家森林公园XYL Nat

86、ional Forest Park蟒山国家森林公园Mangshan National Forest Park小龙门国家森林公园XLM National Forest Park百花山森林旅游区Baihuashan Forest Park延庆县Yanqing松山国家自然保护区Song Mountain National Nature Reserve延庆县松山自然保护区北京区县图例 Legend延庆县 Yanqing County松山自然保护区 Songshan Nature Reserve北京区县 Beijing Municipality3.1 区域协调及社区参与 Regional Coordin

87、ation and Community Participation一个完善的生态旅游规划，需要从区域角度对基地进行审视和考察，廓清基地与周边区域协调以及地方社区参与的问题。区域协调决定了松山的定位和发展策略，社区参与则是松山生态旅游能否成功的关键。A comprehensive ecotourism planning requires thorough regional surveys. Two crucial issues must be investigated before starting Songshan ecotourism planning - regional coordina

88、tion and local community participation. The former determines the positioning for Songshans development and the context for the development strategy, and the latter is the key to the success of the project.3.1.1 北京市域 Beijing City松山是自然保护区型的旅游目的地。北京的森林公园共有25处，其中8处较为有名，大多数森林公园与市区的距离都在2小时半径范围内，并以自然生态景观作

89、为吸引点，部分具有其独特的特质，如历史文化遗迹或奇特地质地貌。与其他森林公园相比，松山目前的大众旅游活动并不突出，但生态旅游的潜力很大。松山是境内唯一的国家级自然保护区，作为生态旅游目的地，可以使其领先于其他森林公园，在市场竞争上具备先发优势。松山森林生态系统最完善，环境保护最好，开展生态旅游活动将是区别与北京其他旅游景点的一大特色，会得到众多生态旅游者的青睐。Songshan is a forest park/natural conservation tourism destinationThere are 25 forest parks in Beijing, 8 of them are

90、well-known. , and most of them are about 2 hour s drive from urban areas . Most parks attract visitors with their natural landscapes, although some possesses unique characteristics, such as historical cultural sites or peculiar geological landforms. Compared with other forest parks, Songshan has no

91、out-standing tourism activities, but there is great potential for developing ecotourism. As the one and only national natural conservation zone in Beijing, Songshan is the location for ecotourism development. This provides an advantage in pro-moting Songshan as the leading tourism destination versus

92、 the other parks. Songshan will be distinct from other parks because of its undisturbed natural forest ecological system.29玉渡山 Yudu Mountain松山Songshan Mountain龙庆峡 Longqing Valley野生动物园Safari Park八达岭Badaling Great Wall水关长城Shuiguan Great Wall康西草原 Kangxi Grassland主要公路延庆县松山自然保护区地表水系野鸭湖WildPark Lake图例 Leg

93、end主要公路 Main Highway延庆县Yanqing County松山自然保护区 Songshan Nature Reserve地表水系 water system3.1.2 延庆县域 Yanqing Town松山与延庆县内景区合作关系大于竞争关系。松山所在的延庆县是北京的“夏都”和重要的旅游县，北部古崖居、松山、玉渡山、龙庆峡、燕山天池一线是延庆自然风光资源最为集中的地区。 盆地南部则是 文化资源较为集中的地区。山间是缓倾斜的冲击盆地。妫河及其支流自东向西穿越注入官厅湖湖畔，是浅水湿地野鸭湖。延庆各个现有景点各具特色，有着明显的差异性，比如龙庆峡以其水上活动著称;而古崖居以古人类遗迹作

94、为其特色;长城是国际著名的建筑奇迹;而松山则是以天然油松林为特色的纯生态自然景观。各个景区景点针对不同的目标市场，会带给游客不同的感受和体验，因此区域内景点的合作要远远大于竞争。松山可以把与周边景点的联合营销作为实现游客规模增长和旅游收入增加目标的手段之一，借助延庆其他知名度较高的景点，联合营销，突出自我生态旅游的特色，吸引和培养潜在生态旅游者。对照北京市域及延庆县域的景区，松山自然保护区应成为本地居民重复访问的目的地和非首次访京游客的首选目的地。本地城市居民人口基数大、私家车拥有率高，收入水平高，爱好郊区短途游憩，是需要充分重视的市场。另外，国内外游客在选择北京市内的旅游景点时，要视其在北京

95、的停留时间、旅游预算、旅游偏好而定。首次来京的游客一般选择故宫、长城、颐和园。松山应当以非首次来京的游客作为目标市场，力争成为其首选目标，尤其是近距离的周边省市游客，如天津、河北、山西及内蒙古的大城市游客。国际游客将是一个重要的细分市场，尽管其规模相对较小，但面临着奥运的良好机遇，因此也要在规划设计及运营管理中予以充分重视，例如提供英文解说系统、提升管理处员工的英语交流水平等，有利于未来松山代表中国或北京向世界推出生态旅游。Cooperation is more accurate than competition as a description of the relation-ship of

96、 the scenic areas between Songshan and Yanqing Counties. .Songshan is located in Yanqing Town, an important tourist city known as the “Summer Capital” of Beijing. The northern area includes many destinations with natural scenic resources, including Guyaju, Songshan Moutain, Yudushan Mountain, Longqi

97、ng Valley and Yanshan Heaven Pool. Cultural resources are richer in the south. Gently sloping alluvial basins lie at the foot of the mountains, Gui River and its branches flow from east to west into Guanding Lake, which forms a large swamp. Different scenic spots in Yanqing have different features:

98、Longqing valley is famous for its water activities, Guyaji for relic, the Great Wall for its historical architecture, and Songshan for its natural pine forest with high biological value. Thus cooperation instead of competition is a more appropriate strategy. Songshan can raise its tourism revenue by

99、 having joint venture with nearby scenic spots and promoting itself as the most understanding ecotourism spot in the area.In comparison to other scenic spots in town, Songshans natural conservation zone shall be a repeat destination for local people and the first choice for second time visitors to B

100、eijing.Beijing has a large population with high income, car ownership and large number of day-trippers. Domestic and foreign visitors plan their itenary depending on their duration of stay, travel budget and personal preference. In general, (refer to hard copy).Special attention should be paid to th

101、e planning, operation and management of services and facilities for foreigners. For instance, signages with English interpretation and English speaking staff are important. All the above measures can promote Songshan as the showcase of ecotourism in China.303.1.3 保护区外围区域（大海坨松山玉渡山） Outer Conservation

102、 Zone (Dahaituo -Songshan - Yudushan) 区域联合是在有限的资源下寻求发展的必然方向。如前所述，大海坨自然保护区、松山自然保护区、玉渡山景区是一个完整的生态廊道，资源保护和旅游活动都很难拆分在管理边界内。事实上，在珍稀动物保护、森林防火、病虫害防治等方面必须合作，并且现存的一部分非正规途径的旅游活动已经穿越三区界限，对资源保护和生态旅游都造成负面影响，与其对于跨越行政管理边界的旅游行为视而不见，不如对这种需求加以引导和利用，对保护和旅游都有好处。尤其对于松山，由于其区内空间局促，可发展的空间腹地极为有限，随着设施的改善，市场需求必然增加，也一定会出现游客量饱和

103、的状况。为了在资源有限的前提下保证发展的可持续性，借鉴国外成功案例，可在远期，考虑建设跨两区或跨三区的联合山径系统，三区共同管理，承担资源保护的责任，扩大综合规模和影响力，分享利益。3.1.4 保护区内部（松山自然保护区大庄科村） Inner Conservation Zone (Songshan Natural Conservation Zone - Dazhuangke Village)除了实现区域协调，还要鼓励大庄科村村民积极参与生态旅游，发挥社区作用。社区参与旅游发展是指在旅游决策、开发、规划、管理、监督等旅游发展过程中，充分考虑社区的意见和需要，并将其作为主要的开发主体和参与主体，以

104、便在保证旅游可持续发展的前提下实现社区的全面发展。本次规划充分引入社区参与，规划之初就对大庄科村村民进行了详实的访谈，了解他们对于本次规划的想法，分析规划对于他们的影响，并在规划过程中充分考虑了村民的利益，以及松山生态旅游必须要对大庄科村有所经济回馈。张山营镇河北省110110旅 游 专 线康张路古崖居玉渡山自然风景区河北大海坨国家级自然保护区松 山 国 家 级 自 然 保 护 区松闫路海坨峰营地松山百瀑泉啤酒系营地松山景区入口上版泉图例 Legend县城/乡镇 County Center自然保护区 Nature Reserve风景区 Scenic Area区范围国道 National Hig

105、hway主要公路 Major Road非正规途径游线 Existing trail unauthorized 0100020005000MetersRegional collaboration is necessary for development due to lim-ited management resources.As stated above, Dahaituo Natural Conservation Zone, Song-shan Natural Conservation Zone and Yudushan Scenic Spot form a complete ecologi

106、cal corridor. It is therefore difficult to confine resource protection and tourism into designated bound-aries. It is important to strengthen cooperation for rare animal protection, forest fire prevention and insect control. Further, un-authorized tourists have been found in the three regions, which

107、 is harmful to resource protection and ecotourism. It is more use-ful for all parties to guide and utilize the demand for tourism than to ignore this issue. There is limited scope for development due to limited space in the Songshan region. Inevitably market demand will increase and visitor quantity

108、 will reach the satura-tion point, with the improvement of programming and facilities. Through the studying of successful case studies from foreign countries, a cross-region trail system should be considered to ensure sustainable development with limited resources. Under this new system, the three r

109、egions may jointly participate in management, undertake responsibility to protect resources, to expand comprehensive scale and influence, as well as to share benefits.根据大庄科村的具体情况，易道总结出 未来保护区运营时四种社区参与方式：生态客栈运营、专业导游、专业活动教练和护林员。生态客栈运营：将大庄科村现有的小规模农家乐改造升级，使之成为符合一定卫生及服务标准的生态客栈，为旅游者提供集保健、休闲、娱乐特色的住宿设施和服务，为科

110、研教学实习团队提供后勤基地。村民直接成为投资者、经营者或服务业者。专业导游：当地村民对松山十分熟悉，通过松山管理委员会的培训，成为保护区的导游，为游客提供专业讲解和生态教育，并为科研实习团队提供特别的导游服务。专业活动教练：部分野外探险活动需要专业教练进行指导和安全保障，村民可以通过一定的专业培训，成为专业或辅助教练，受聘于开展相关活动的企业。护林员：其职责包括日常环境保护，森林防火安全保障， 游客监督。目前大庄科村民已经具备部分职能，通过培训完善职责， 可提高专业技能。大庄科村民的积极参与能够与松山主景区的生态旅游形成“双赢”格局。31Villagers in Dazhuangke vill

111、age will be encouraged to take an active role in ecotourism. Community participation in tourism development will take into account the opinions and demands of the community. From a social aspect, this will help in ensur-ing sustainable tourism development during decision-making, development, program

112、ming and supervision. In studying com-munity participation, the villagers in Dazhuangke village were interviewed at the beginning of the baseline research. In ad-dition, the villagers ideas have been taken into account for the programming in order to assess the potential influence on the village. At

113、 the same time, the benefits to villagers were consid-ered in the process of programming, and it was determined that ecotourism would bring economic returns to the village.Based on the circumstances in Dazhuangke village, it has been concluded that there are four methods for community partici-pation

114、, including eco-inn operation, professional tourist guide, professional training and forest ranger.Eco-inn operation: Upgrade existing small farmhouses in Da-zhuangke village and turn them into eco-inns. The inns would offer travelers clean and healthy accommodation facilities and service. They coul

115、d also become the support base for scientific research. Villagers could be direct investors, operators or ser-vice providers. 大庄科村区位图 Dazhuangke Village Location大庄科村发展生态旅游的资金来源有两种。第一种为外部直接投资。借助松山自然保护区生态旅游的营销宣传，可以吸引旅游开发商到大庄科村投资，用于增加或改善原有设施，并增加村民培训和就业机会。当地村民就此提高经济收入和劳动技能，也为松山自然保护区树立和谐发展的典范。第二种资金来源为“松山

116、生态旅游基金”。在美国的国家公园， 40%的旅游收入来自门票，25%来自休闲游憩活动，35%来自旅游服务设施特许经营费用，另外还有大约同等总数额的社会捐赠及财政拨款。澳大利亚国家公园体系则需要60%以上的国家财政拨款。 有鉴于此，松山 自然保护区生态旅游仍然需要国家财政的经济扶持。这种经济扶持除了直接拨款外，还可以采纳更加有效率、财务回报更高的形式，例如基金。建议由国家林业局、北京园林局、延庆县政府、其他企业筹资组成松山生态旅游基金， 并交由专业人士管理，专门向大庄科村提供资金进行旅游服务设施及道路、上下水等基础设施改造，同时也用于支持松山管理处的日常运作。 基金会同时和松山管理处一起监督大庄

117、科村各种设施建设和运营状况，避免出现与生态旅游不符的设施，以及不利于生态旅游及松山保护的活动。未来的社区参与方式可能有两种变化。随着松山生态旅游的发展，大庄科村与松山管理处的关系将会改变。一种可能是松山管理处在国家林业局和北京市园林局的支持下经济实力变强，能够付出足够款项购入大庄科村土地，使之成为松山自然保护区的一部分，统一纳入保护区各种生态保护和生态旅游框架下，村民成为松山管理处全职或兼职员工，由松山管理处发放薪水和福利，但容许村民保留经营生态客栈的优先权利。另外一种可能是大庄科村在发展生态旅游的过程中经济实力增强，自身组成共同体，与松山自然保护区组成集团或“战略合作伙伴”，相互参股、协作经

118、营。Professional tourist guide: Locals are familiar with Songshan, and can become tour guides to provide professional interpretation after training by the Songshan administrative committee. They not only provide ecological education, park ranger service, and also guidance for scientific researchers. P

119、rofessional trainer: Various active recreation adventures require professional training Villagers may be hired by interested enterprises to serve tourists with professional guidance. Forest ranger: A rangers duty is to protect the environment by enforcing park rules and regula-tions, prevent forest

120、fire, and supervise tourists.At present, villagers in Dazhuangke village possess some of these skills; however, they still re-quire additional training. Participation of Dazhuangke villagers and ecotourism in main scenic spots in Songshan may create a win-win situation for the villagers and the Mana

121、gement Office.There are two monetary sources for promoting ecotourism in Dazhuangke village. The first source is external direct investment. The village may attract businesses to invest there and construct new or improve original facilities. The investment could also increase training opportunities

122、and villag-er employment. The local people can improve their income and labor skills and set an example for harmonious development in the conservation zone. The second source is “Songshan Ecotourism Fund”. By analyzing financial structures for national park systems in developed countries, such as Am

123、erica and Australia, we can estimate revenue sources. For example, tourism revenue in America includes 25% from ticket sales, 25% from recreational activities, 35% from franchise ex-penses, and roughly the same amount in government funding. In Australia, From these examples we can see that in genera

124、l, a nature reserve still requires national financial support. Besides direct funding, more effective and higher-return forms maybe possible by setting up a nature 规划条件梳理Exisiting Planning Issues佛峪口水库松闫路0 200 5001000Meters图例 Legend保护区边界 Nature Reserve Boundary大庄科村 Dazhuangke Village水库 Reservoir车行路 D

125、riveway323.1.5 结论 Conclusion松山发展生态旅游的经济目标是实现游客规模和旅游收入稳步增长，经营实现基本平衡。作为一个国家级自然保护区，松山将不以游客规模的快速增长为目标，而是更加注重游客质量提升和旅游收入来源的多样化。松山2006年之前游客规模持续稳定增长，当年游客规模为7.2万人次。2007年由于八达岭高速公路堵车严重且松山管理处减少对外宣传促销（目的是在本次规划完成前减少游客影响），游客规模降至5万人次。受松山自然环境容量的限制，主景区最高日容量未来将要控制在3300人以内，再加上封山季，旅游淡旺季，周末和周日的不均衡性等因素，预计主景区能够接纳的游客规模将不超过

126、30万人次，并不是一个很高的游客规模。因此，要实现经营平衡，必须要增加游客在松山范围内的消费水平，让他们参与各种休闲娱乐活动，享用优质的住宿餐饮服务。另外，充分利用旅游服务设施的特许经营权出让，获取特许经营费用。如此才能达到经济目标，即目前以门票占主导地位的收入结构转变为门票、其他旅游消费及旅游特许经营权三足鼎立（三者比例可以考虑为50%、25%、25%）。Economic goal for ecotourism in Songshan is to realize a sta-ble increase in visitor numbers and travel revenue, achievi

127、ng operating balance.As a national nature reserve, a rapid increase in visitor numbers is not a desirable goal. Instead, the economic development plan should place higher importance on improvement in visitor quality and diversification of tourism revenue. Before 2006, visitors to Songshan steadily i

128、ncreased, reaching 72,000 that year. In 2007, visitor quantity dropped to 50,000 due to serious traffic jams on Badaling expressway and reduction in promotion by Songshan administrative office (the aim is to reduce tourist impacts before finishing the programming). Confined by the capacity of the na

129、tu-ral environment in Songshan, the maximum capacity per day of main scenic spots will be 3,300. Other factors further limits the annual visitor numbers: the winter season, when the mountain pass is closed;, high and low season, and low weekday visitor numbers. It is estimated that the main scenic s

130、pots can receive no more than 0.3 million visitors per year, a relatively low num-ber. To realize a balance in operation the program must increase the spending level of visitors in Songshan, for example, taking part in recreational activities, enjoying high-end accommoda-tion, and food and beverage

131、consumption. Additional income will come from the business concession of tourism facilities, namely, changing a ticket-oriented revenue structure into a ticket, tourism consumption and tourism business concession revenue structure (proportion for these is recommended to be 50%, 25%, 25% re-spectivel

132、y).reserve fund. The State Forestry Bureau, Beijing Landscaping and Garden Bureau, Yanqing County Government and other enterprises can contribute to the startup fund for promoting ecotourism in Songshan. The fund would be run by professionals and would offer funds to Dazhuangke village for in-frastr

133、ucture improvement for tourism facilities, such as roads, municipal water and sewage facilities , and support for Songshan administrative office. Meanwhile, the fund organization could monitor facility construction and operation in Dazhuangke Village in cooperation with the Songshan administrative o

134、ffice to avoid construction of any that do not conform with ecotour-ism standards.With the development of ecotourism in Songshan, the relationship between Dazhuangke Vil-lage and the Songshan administrative office also changes. One possible outcome under the support of the State Forestry Bureau and

135、Beijing Landscaping and Garden Bureau, is that the Songshan administrative office acquires enough money to purchase land from the village. As a result, the land becomes part of the nature reserve kept under the framework of eco-protection and ecotourism. Villagers may work full time or part time pai

136、d by Songshan administrative of-fice. The other possibility is that Dazhuangke Village forms a its own management entity. The village could partner with Songshan nature reserve to form a group or “stragetic partners” for co-operation in administration and protection.社区参与Community Participation生态客栈Ec

137、o-inn村民导游Villager guide专业教练Professional coach护林员Forest ranger未来可能1:大庄科村合并入保护区Possibility 1:Dazhuangke village is absorbed into conservation zone.未来可能2:大庄科/保护区组成集团Possibility 2: Dazhuangke village and conservation zone form a group资金来源Fund Sources外部直接投资External direct investment松山生态旅游基金Songshan Ecoto

138、urism fund333.2 上位规划梳理及调整 Review and Adjustment of Original Masterplan3.2.1 原有规划介绍 Introduction to Original Masterplan北京松山国家级自然保护区总体规划2001年12月，由北 京市林业勘察设计院与北京松山国家级自然保护区管理处编制。规划期限为2001-2010年，一期2001-2005，二期2006-2010。 总面积4660公顷。 核心区1819公顷，占规划区总面积的39.04（其中北部核心 区面积1365.1公顷，西南部核心区面积453.9公顷）。缓冲区1263公顷，占保护区

139、总面积的27.10（北部缓冲区面 积为765.4公顷，西南部缓冲区面积为476.5公顷）。实验区1578公顷，占保护区总面积的33.86。 The Master Plan of Song Moutain National Nature Re-servewas compiled by the Beijing Forestry Investigation and Design Academy and Administrative Office of Beijing Song Moutain National Nature Reserve in December 2001.The planned t

140、erm is from 2001 to 2010, the first phase 2001-2005, the second phase 2006-2010.Total area is 4660 ha.Core zone is 1819 ha, taking up 39.04% of the total area (northern section area of core zone is 1365.1 ha, west-south-ern section 453.9 ha)Buffer zone is 1263 ha, taking up 27.10% of the total area

141、(northern section area of buffer zone is 765.4 ha, west-south-ern section 476.5 ha)Pilot zone is 1578 ha, taking up 33.86% of the total area.松山自然保护区总体规划图General Plan for Beijing Songshan Nature Reserve规划条件梳理Exisiting Planning Issues343.2.2 功能区划调整理由 Reasons for Adjusting Functional Zoning总体规划从制定到目前有近

142、6年的时间，由于自然资源演替和人为因素等原 因，部分资源已经发生变化。区划没能体现与资源分布的合理关系。原有规划对功能分区的划分仅仅是体现在规划文件及图纸上的抽象概念，没 有体现在地理空间或地界上，即在实地无法确认三个功能区的界线，更没有与日常管理使用统一在一起。现状景区部分景点已经深入缓冲区，甚至到达核心区，旅游和日常管理活动 已经超出实验区的界线，功能分区没有起到应有的限制作用。原有区划缺乏与现状山体地形及谷地空间的结合。 目前掌握的规划图纸上的功能区划的界线也缺乏精确性和坐标定位。 It has been 6 years since the general plan was create

143、d. Some conditions have changed because of the succession of natural resources and human-influence factors. The existing zoning does not embody a reasonable match with resource distribution.The original functional zoning was an abstract concept of the planning documents and drawings, and it did not

144、have a logical land boundary. The borderline between the three functional regions does not match well with daily management and use.Some scenic spots lies within the buffer zone, and at times even fall within the core zone. Tourism and daily management have extended beyond the border of the pilot zo

145、ne, making the functional zoning plan incorrect and ineffective. The original zoning does not effectively combine existing mountainous ter-rain with valley space.The current functional zoning boundary in the drawings lacks accuracy and actual coordinates.3.2.3 含混的功能区划的弊端 Drawbacks Brought By Unclear

146、 Functional Zoning无法实现中华人民共和国自然保护区条例中对国家自然保护区功能分区 的要求不利于对资源的保护和对旅游行为的规范 相关规划及规章的制定缺乏准确的依据 增加日常管理的难度，管理决策不宜贯彻实施 含混的分区已经成为规划和发展生态旅游的制约因素 There is no method to meet the requirements set forth for functional zoning in “Natural Conservation Zone Rules of PRC”Creates unfavorable condition for standardizin

147、g resource protection and tourist behaviorThere is no exact boundary from which to establish programming and regu-lations Increased difficulty in daily management - difficult to put managing deci-sions into practiceUnclear zoning has been a restrictive factor for planning and developing ecotourism35

148、3.2.4 功能区划调整的合理依据 Principles for Adjusting Functional Zoning分区应体现现状资源的珍稀度及敏感性分布状态，将最需要保护的资源放入 核心区分区应体现植被动态变化的最新状况 分区应尽可能保证山体谷地的完整性 分区界限应便于管理部门实施、控制、监督及管理 The Core Zone should include rare resources, sensitive existing resources, and resources in need of protectionZoning shall reflect the most recent

149、 vegetation conditionZoning shall ensure the integrity of mountains and valleys to the extent fea-sibleThe zoning boundary shall be relatively easy for the managing department to implement, control, monitor and manage.3.2.5 功能区调整建议 Suggestion for Adjustment of Functional Zoning利用坡度陡峭的悬崖等天然屏障作为分区边界，分

150、区边界应很好的体现与坡 度的关系围封进入核心区的天然油松林，禁止游人进入 将百瀑泉景区划入实验区，但禁止游人进入水体源头 将一部分实验区的核桃楸林划入缓冲区 Make use of natural barriers such as sharp cliffs and natural barriers as a border between regions, the borderline shall adjust to the slope. The natural Chinese pine woods shall be in the core zone, visitors are pro-hibi

151、ted to enter. The Hundred Waterfalls and Springs Scenic Area shall be in the experimen-tal zone, visitors are prohibited to enter headwater areas. Put areas of Juglans mandshurica forest in the experimental zone and buf-fer zone.图例 Legend保护区范围 Nature Reserve Boundary林地小班 Vegetation 侧柏 Platyclabus Or

152、ientalis(L.) Franco山杨 Populus Davidiana Dode平榛 Carpinus Heterophylla Fisch. ex Bess蒙古栎 Querusmongolica桦树 Betula Dahurica油松 Pinus Tabulaeformis阔叶树 Broad-leaf Tree山杏 Armeniaca Sibirica绣线菊 Spiraeoideae荆条 Vitex Negundo Var. Heterophylla (Franch.) Rehd.山顶草甸 Meadow村庄及农田 Village and Farmland辅助生产林地 Assistan

153、t Production Forest水域 Water Area0250 500 1,000Meters规划条件梳理Exisiting Planning Issues保护区入口景区入口佛峪口水库松闫路佛峪口水库保护区入口松闫路景区入口调整后的功能区划Original Nature Reserve Zoning0 200 5001000Meters保护区原有功能区划Original Nature Reserve Zoning0 200 5001000Meters图例 Legend保护区边界 Nature Reserve Boundary大庄科村 Dazhuangke Village水库 Rese

154、rvoir车行路 Driveway出入口 Entrances核心区 Core Zone缓冲区 Buffer Zone实验区 Pilot Zone363.3 环境保护策略 Environmental Protection Strategy3.3.1 将环境容量指标作为生态旅游规划所遵循的标尺 Use Environmental Capacity Index as A Criteria of Eco-Tourism Programming环境容量是环境自净能力的指标，指得是自然环境可以通过大气、水流的扩散、氧化以及微生物的分解作用，将污染物化为无害物的能力。环境有多大的容量，即是可以容纳多少污染物

155、而又可以不为环境造成永久性损害。本研究选取GB50298-1999风景名胜区规划规范中的生态允许标准作为规划区旅游环境容量的计算依据。该标准中对不同游憩用地生态容量给出了指导量，具体指标见下表。Environmental capacity is an index weighing the sustainable capacity of the proposed condition. It measures the ability of the environment to interact with human influences without degrading the natural

156、condition. Larger environmental carrying capacity shows that more people can utilize the area without permanent damage to the environment. This study selects permissible ecological standards from “GB50298-1999 Plan Standard for Landscape and Famous Scenery“ as the basis for calculating tourism capac

157、ity. This standard assigns different indexes for ecological capacity based on various tourism zoning (See table below).游憩用地生态容量Ecological Capacity for Tourism Land生态环境容量计算 Calculation of Ecological Environmental Capacity松山自然保护区共有林地面积3626.6公顷，其中针叶林402.7公顷，阔叶林3187公顷，针阔混交林36.9公顷。 因此，本研究选用阔叶林地的用地指标计算旅游规

158、划区的环境容量。实验区（包括大庄科村生活区）为远期旅游规划范围，其面积为1940公顷，选取用地指标中值1875 m2/人计算得到实验区旅游环境容量为10347人/天。其中主景区T1面积为414公顷，选取用地指标下限1250m2/人计算可得旅游环境容量为3312人/天。Woodland areas in the natural conservation zone includes 3626.6 ha, of which coniferous forest takes up 402.7 ha, broad-leaf forest 3187 ha, and mixed broa-dleaf-coni

159、fer forest 36.9 ha. Therefore, a land index for broad-leaf forest was used to calculate the environmental capacity of the tourism planning zone. The experimental zone (including the living zone of Dazhuangke Village) is a well-established planning area, taking up 1940 ha. The middle value of the lan

160、d index of 1875 m2/person was used to calculate the capacity. The result is a capacity in the experimental zone of 10,347 persons/day. The main scenic zone area is 414 ha. The lower limit of 1250m2/person was used to calculate the capacity, the result being 3,312 persons/day.3.3.2 保护好以天然油松林为代表的森林生态系

161、统是发展生态旅游规划的基础 Protection of Ecological Systems as A Basis for Ecotourism Planning针对保护区主要环境保护对象及关键环境问题，制定分区分制的总体策略。其中重点保护区包括大庄科村生活污水防治区、主景区水源地植被保护区、主景区溪流水质保护区及主景区生物栖息地保护区。大庄科村由于目前的民俗旅游开展以及未来作为整个松山旅游社区协调发展的主体，其带来和将要面临的主要环境威胁是生活污水和餐饮业废水对自然溪流的污染。对此主要采取无害化及减量化处理，将生活污水收集后统一处理，采用化粪池-人工湿地-土地处理这一简易处理过程处理达标后再

162、排放；此外，增加废水的循环利用，例如喷灌或景观用水等方式减少排入自然水体的水量。主景区内水质保护主要分为源头水保护和中下游保护。源头水质保护主要为水土保持，保护水源地周边的植被，以保持周边土壤的蓄水能力，从而保证溪流的水量。中下游溪流主要与游人步道重合，因此禁止游人进入水体，减少游人产生的污染将成为保持水质的主要手段。生物栖息地保护主要是对设置了游步道的区域根据可达不可触的原则，采取一定措施将游客活动控制在布道两侧有限范围内，从而减少游客活动对野生动植物的侵扰。With the primary objectives of environmental protection and critica

163、l environmen-tal quality issues, an overall strategy must be established. Conservation within the Experimental Zone must have sewage control in Dazhuangke Village, vegeta-tion protection in the main scenic area, water quality protection in the main sce-nic area, as well as habitat protection measure

164、s within the main scenic area.用地类型Land Type允许容人量和用地指标Permissible Holding Capacity and Land Use Index(人/公顷)(Person/Ha)(m2/人)( m2/ person)针叶林地Coniferous forest2-35000-3300阔叶林地Broad-leaved forest4-82500-1250森林公园Forest park660-500疏林草地Open forest and meadow20-25500-400草地公园Meadow park140城镇公园Town Park30-20

165、0330-50专用浴场Exclusive bathing place20浴场水域Water area at bathing place1000-200020-10浴场沙滩Sand beach at bathing place1000-200010-537With the development of increased tourism in Dazhuangke village, the town will have to face increased pollution threats brought by increased waste, sewage and other wastewat

166、er. Taking this into consideration, it is suggested that the vil-lage adopt a hazard-free treatment and quantity reduction strategy, namely, col-lecting sewage and direct it to one treatment area. The was can be discharged to the stream if it if reaches an acceptable water quality standard after sim

167、ple treatment, i.e. septic tank-artificial swamp-soil treatment. The treatment and recy-cling of wastewater will reduce polluting discharge into natural streams and can be reused for landscape irrigation reducing the use of potable water.Water quality protection in the main scenic zone includes head

168、water protection as well as lower and middle reach protection. An important factor in water quality preservation is protecting existing water and soil features and protecting veg-etation around the stream to reduce erosion. Streamside riparian vegetation will also help to improve the quality of runo

169、ff discharging into the stream. As portions of the stream in the lower and middle reaches coincide with the trails, signage should be used to prevent tourists from entering water and trampling vegetation. This will help to reduce pollution impacts from tourists.Habitat protection measures include pr

170、otecting habitat near the trails through appropriate signage and education. Sensitive areas should not be accessible, and pristine areas may be visable but not touchable. Visitor education will be an important method in reducing potential impacts to wildlife from tourist activities.3.3.3 排除松闫路过境交通的负

171、面影响是当务之急 Eliminating Adverse Impacts From Thru-Traffic on Songyan Road保护区内最主要的噪声污染来自松闫路过境的重型货车，经过现场噪声监测，道路两旁噪声峰值可达90分贝，对周边野生动物栖息地造成严重影响。现有景区内有扩音喇叭播放的音乐，内容与保护区环境极不协调，也被视为噪声污染源。为此首先通过政策手段将松闫路变为非过境交通路，以减少重型货车的通行；其次在保护区范围内设置禁止鸣笛及禁止怠速停车等标牌，提示司机尽量避免随机噪声；最后将广播影响范围局限于游客活动集中区域，并更换为与环境相宜的内容。The main source of

172、 noise pollution in the nature reservr is from heavy trucks on Songyan road. Based on the noise monitoring survey, the peak level of noise on both sides of the road reaches 90 dB, which creates a serious impact no only on tourism but also on habitat. In addition, unregulated music playing within the

173、 park with existing loudspeakers do not harmonize with the natural experience and are considered a noise pollution source.In order to reduce noise pollution, three methods are proposed. First, Songyan Road should not be used for truck traffic, through enforcing regulations to reduce passage of heavy

174、 trucks. Second, utilize signage to reduce unnecessary noise and to reduce idling cars and honking in the conservation zone. Third, confine loud broadcasts to the concentrated tourist activity area.3.3.4 在建设期间应采取低影响开发策略，实现可持续发展 Adopt A Low-Impact Development Strategy to Achieve Sustainable Developme

175、nt在减少旅游活动带来的负面环境影响的同时，还需要提升基础设施的环境友好度，以便实现生态旅游的可持续发展。因此在景区内基础设施的设计时应遵循美国环保署提出的低影响开发策略，在建筑设计时实施绿色建筑标准，以期将能源消耗降低，实现资源重复利用，在服务设施方面同时实现生态化。In addition to reducing the adverse environmental impacts of tourism, it is also important to increase eco-friendly infrastructure and building construction. Con-str

176、uction and development of infrastructure design in the scenic zone shall fol-low a low-impact development strategy. New building construction should adopt green building strategies with the intent of reducing energy consumption and reducing water use. The construction footprint should be contained t

177、o the extent feasible to reduce the overall construction impact. 规划条件梳理Exisiting Planning Issues本章我们将着眼于整个保护区尺度(包括保护区内的村落大庄科村)，审视存在的矛盾和问题，提出解决办法，对保护区边界内可进行生态旅游的区域内进行功能、交通、旅游项目、建设分期等方面的综合定位和空间布局。对自然保护区总体规划框架进行生态旅游角度上的完善和梳理，从而理顺系统，为主景区生态旅游规划打好基础。Focusing on the entire Nature Reserve, including Dazhuan

178、gke Village, this chapter re-views existing contradictions and problems and proposes planning approaches on zoning, transportation, tourism programming, and phasing for the site. The masterplan framework will be the foundation for the ecotourism planning of the main scenic area.4.1 实验区功能分区及定位4.2 交通规

179、划4.3 设施规划4.4 旅游项目规划4.5 分期规划4.1 Pilot Zone: Functional Zoning and Positioning 4.2 Transportation Planning4.3 Facilities4.4 Tourism Programing4.5 Phasing Plan4 总体规划框架Master Planning Framework40总体规划框架Master Planning Framework4.1 实验区功能分区及定位 Pilot Zone: Functional Zoning and Positioning根据中华人民共和国自然保护区条例,保

180、护区内的生态旅游区建设要避开 核心区和缓冲区,旅游活动范围要限制在实验区内根据新调整的松山国家级自然保护区功能区划边界,在实验区内进行生态旅游 区域的功能分区T1通过完善现有景区的 游线和设施系统，建设体现松山 特色，集萃松山旅 游资源的生态旅 游主景区T2 为以观鸟为特色的科考旅游景区 T3 松闫路沿线,为地学景观为主的科考旅游景区 T4 为以观蝶及核桃楸林为特色的科考旅游景区 T5为生态农业旅游景区,整合和提升大庄科村现有的设施和旅游产品,成为松 山生态旅游以及科研考察团队的生活和服务基地S1 为包含了派出所,消防中队,保护区管理处,标本馆等功能设施的核心管理区, 附带住宿及餐饮设施S2

181、为包含了保护区游客中心,高端温泉度假设施的精品服务区 S3 为包含了小型科考游客中心,乡村度假设施的特色服务区 S4为大庄科村农家住宿餐饮设施的民俗服务区 生态保育区为以涵养水源保持水土维护旅游区生态环境为主要功能的区域 According to the Regulation of the Peoples Republic of China on Nature Reserves, ecotourism activities should be restricted to the Pilot Zone and avoid the Core Zone or Buffer Zone of a nat

182、ure reserve.Zoning in the Experimental Zone is proposed based on the newest bound-ary of Songshan National Nature Reserve Functional Zoning Plan.T1 is the main scenic area where existing trail routes and facilities will be improved to better reflect Songshans unique identity.T2 features bird-watchin

183、g opportunities.T3 and areas along Songyan Road feature natural geologic landscape.T4 features butterfly observation and a Juglans mandshurica forest.T5 is the Eco-Agriculture Zone, featuring eco-farms, which integrates and improves existfacilities in Dazhuangke Village, and serve as the service bas

184、e for tourists and researchers.S1 is the Core Management Area, accommodating the police station, the fire squadron, the nature reserve management office, specimen collection building, as well as accommodations and restaurants.S2 is the High-End Service Area, which includes the Visitor Center and hot

185、spring resort.S3 is the Specialty Service Area, which includes a small visitor/research center and village retreat.S4 is the Folk Service Area, which includes farmhouse inns and restaurants in Dazhuangke Village.The conservation area is a large area for preventing erosion, and protecting water and e

186、cological resources.功能区Functional Areas景区 Scenic Area面积 Area占总面积Total Area占实验区（%）合计 Total1940ha41.2100游览区 Scenic AreasT1414ha561.8ha1229T244.6haT366.3haT422haT514.9ha景观生态保育区Landscape and Environment Conservation Area 1367.5ha2970.5服务区Service Area10.7ha0.20.5佛峪口水库T1T4T5S2S1S3S4保护区入口主景区入口松闫路T2T3核 心 区核

187、 心 区缓 冲 区缓 冲 区实 验区图例 Legend保护区边界Nature Reserve boundary功能区划界限Boundary of functional zones大庄科村Dazhuangke Village水库Reservoir车行路Roadway出入口Access游览区Tourist area服务区Service area生态保育区Ecological Conservation area实验区Pilot Zone050010002000Meters实验区生态旅游功能分区图Pilot Zone Eco-Tourism Functional Zoning41Long-term p

188、lanning for Songshan Nature Reserve provides the opportunity to plan strategies that may not be easily available in the near future. EDAW proposes the following adjustments for transportation planning:Locate the parking lot and park-and-ride area at the junction of Songyan Road and the tour route to

189、 provide good accessibility in all directions.The park-and-ride area provides transfer from tourism buses and private cars to electrical vehicles, so that no other vehicles enter the nature reserve, which can reduce impacts on the ecosystem in the project site.Electrical vehicles are the primary tra

190、nsport mode to connect main destinations, an environmentally-friendly approach to linking tour routes.In addition to electrical vehicles, tourists can rent bicycles to enter the nature reserve. Bicycle parking is provided at main areas to enable people to change transportation modes to enrich their

191、experience.Tourists can also enter the nature reserve by footpath on the Reserves south boundary.4.2 交通规划 Transportation Planning外围交通改进策略 Regional Transportation Improvement Strategy为改善松山自然保护区未来的交通系统，确保本项目获得最佳的交通方案， 提出以下交通规划方面的调整意见 : 自然保护区需要有便捷快速的对外交通，因此将停车场和环保电瓶游览车接驳站设置在松闫路与旅游专线交接的位置，对 各方向的道路都有均好的可

192、达性；该接驳站主要是完成旅游社会车辆、私家车辆与环保电瓶游览车之间的换乘，自然保护区将严格限制社会车辆进入，尊重 及充分保护自然保护区的生态环境；在自然保护区内，主要通过环保电瓶游览车来连接各个主要景点，环保的同时便于组织游客的旅游路线 游客除了搭乘环保游览车进入保护区外，还可以租赁自行车进入保护区，在各个主要景点将设有自行车停靠点，为游客提 供多种交通工具的选择，活跃并丰富不同速度的沿途体验；游客还可从自然保护区南边界徒步进入保护区。 官 厅 水 库 张山营镇延庆县河北省110110旅 游 专 线康张路古崖居玉渡山自然风景区八达岭高速八达岭高速松 山 国 家 级 自 然 保 护 区松闫路01

193、00020005000Meters保护区外围交通图Regional Access图例 Legend县城/乡镇County Town / Village Town自然保护区Nature Reserve风景区Scenic Spot松山国家级自然保护区范围National Nature Reserve进入保护区道路The Road to the Nature Reserve国道National Highway主要公路Main Road保护区总停车场Main Parking Lot自行车租赁点Bicycle Rental Point环保游览车换乘点Park-and-Ride Point for Ele

194、ctrical Tour Vehicles松山国家级自然保护区42Only low emission transport are allowed within the Nature Reserve to en-sure ecological priority. Electrical tour vehicles s will be the main transport mode.Utilize Songyan Road as the main road within the Reserve which is only accessible to vehicles of the Managemen

195、t Office, local residents, VIP cars, and electrical tour vehicles.Stops on tour routes should be based on the layout of scenic areas to form a loop line with different timetables established for high and low seasons. During the winter season, tour vehicles will only go between the park-and-ride area

196、 and hotspring resort.Reserve bike lanes along roads and bicycle renting areas at major scenic spots so that tourists can easily change transportation mode.Establish vista points along the tour routes according to landform charac-ters so that tourists can stop to enjoy the viewExcept for existing ro

197、adways, all areas within the eco-tour area is pedestrian only.Establish walkways (or improve existing trails) in functional areas or scenic spots to link them for improved sightseeing.保护区内部道路系统规划策略 Internal Road Network Planning Strategy 在自然保护区内部，基于生态优先的前提，提倡绿色交通。 机动车：以电瓶游览车为主导 改变现有松闫路过境公路的性质，作为保护区内

198、主要的车行路，除管理用机 动车、村庄生活生产用机动车、VIP用车及环保电瓶游览车外严格禁止机动车进入根据景区及景点的分布合理布置环保游览车的站点，形成环线，根据淡季、 旺季不同的游客数量制定相对应的游览车时刻表。在冬季封山期，游览车可仅运营在接驳站和温泉度假村之间在车行道路上设置自行车道，并在主要景点设置自助自行车租赁点，满足游 人不同游览方式车行道路沿途依据地形设置路旁眺望点，以便游客下车眺望、摄影及赏景 除现有车行路外,生态旅游区域内的其他区域均为步行区 在各功能区或景区之间设置（或改造已有路径为）健行步道，提供不同区域 之间步行联系的可能性，也可提供一般的游憩观光游客停车及内部交通换乘佛

199、峪口水库旅游环线公路松闫路S1S2S3S4S5保护区入口主景区入口10辆5辆20辆10辆P1P2P4P3P5P67辆2辆Pn图例 Legend保护区边界 Songshan Nature Reserve boundary功能区划界限 Zoning Boundary of Functional Zones游览区 Tourist area大庄科村 Dazhuangke Village 水库Reservoir旅游环线公路 Tourist route车行路 Roadway环保游览车站点 Stops of electric tour vehicles停车场及环保游览车换乘点 Park-and-ride a

200、rea租赁自行车停靠点 Bicycle rental point保护区管理处 Reserve Management Office专用小型停车场 Appropriative Parking spaces 眺望点Vista point出入口Access point 健行步道Walkway保护区内部交通图Internal Circulation 环保游览车站点Routes of electric tour vehiclesS1 去往核心服务区及标本馆 To the core service area and the specimen collection buildingS2 去往生态旅游主景区 T

201、o main ecotourism areaS3 去往兰角沟 To Lanjiaogou ValleyS4 去往石人沟 To Shirengou Valley专用小型停车场Parking spaces for different groupsP1 管理处停车场 For the Nature Reserve Management OfficeP2 电瓶游览车及VIP停车场 For electric tour vehicles and VIPsP3 电瓶游览车停车场 For electric tour vehiclesP4 VIP停车场 For VIPsP5 科研考察停车场 For researc

202、h groupsP6 村庄生活生产停车场 For local residents050010002000Meters43The combination of concentrated development and reduced construction in sensitive areas was adopted for planning service facilitiesto ensure convenient usage and reduce environmental impact.Songshan Nature Reserve Management Station will be

203、 responsible for the patrol, monitor-ing and environmental protection of the touris area of the reserve.The Visitor Center is the Nature Reserves information centre, helping visitors to navigate and learn more about the Reserve through educational programs. Other facilities include souvenir shops, r

204、estaurants, and resting facilities.The Small Visitor Center is specifically designed for researchers and internship teams to do surveys. The center will provide an introduction to the site and will have services including tour guides, F&B, and accommodation. Survey activities will be closely monitor

205、ed to mini-mise their environmental impacts.The existing Specimen Collection Building will be renovated to the Education Center with improved displays and education features.Existing accommodation facilities will be renovated. Tangziyu Hotel can be upgraded into a high-end hotspring resort hut. Othe

206、r accommodation facilities can have different a charac-ters, pricing, and target groups depending on their location.Retail areas can develop and sell souvenirs specific to the project area, including prints and local products. This will help to promote local culture.Management/Service facilities wil

207、l be arranged by the management office according to actual needs to maintain daily operation and supervision.A first-aid station will be established at each of the visitor centers.4.3 设施规划 Facilities游览服务设施的布局采用相对集中与适当分散相结合的原则，方便游人，同时利于发挥设施效益，便于经营管理与减少对环境的干扰。保护区管理站依据有关法律对旅游区实施管理,进行巡视， 监控和环境保护工作保护区游客中

208、心是保护区生态旅游信息中心,是生态旅游管 理服务的智能核心,代表着保护区的综合形象,帮助游客了解景区,进行环境教育,答疑解难,提供必要的商业、餐饮和休息服务小型科考游客中心主要针对科研考察和实习团队而设,提供 针对性和专业性的导游、餐饮、住宿服务,同时对科考团队的考察活动对环境的影响进行监督及监控.自然生态教育中心以现状标本馆为基础,完善功能,提升服务 形象及质量,成为生态旅游区环境教育基地住宿设施基本上以改造现状住宿设施为主,塘子浴宾馆建议 升级为高端温泉度假小屋,不同区域的住宿设施应根据所在景区,在特色、价位、服务人群上统一规划,各有侧重商业设施除提供旅游必需品外,应根据所在区域的特色,开

209、发 旅游纪念品、书籍、印刷品和土特产品,突出地方特色和文化内涵管理服务设施随管理需要设置,执行日常管理工作及监督协 调功能急救设施 2处，附属于游客中心设置 佛峪口水库保护区入口主景区入口松闫路实验区设施布局图Pilot Zone Facility050010002000Meters保护区边界Nature Reserve boundary功能区划界限Boundary of functional zones大庄科村Dazhuangke Village 水库Reservoir车行路Driveway出入口Access point 游览区Tourist area服务区Service area生态保育区

210、Conservation area保护区管理站Reserve Management Office 游客中心Visitor Center 小型科考游客中心Small Visitor Center for academic groups自然生态教育中心Education Center住宿设施Accommodation facilities商业设施Commercial facilities 管理服务设施Management and Service facilities急救设施First-aid station总体规划框架Master Planning Framework444.4 旅游项目规划 To

211、urism Programming4.4.1 旅游产品 Tourism Programs依托景区的旅游产品 Resources as the Anchor依托松山现有景区资源特色，将松山未来旅游项目分布在五个片区进行，并且每个片区突出不同的旅游主题。T1是生态旅游主景区，旅游产品开发尽可能涵盖多的生态旅游产品，旅游活动涵盖自然认知、科普教育、野外探险、徒步、自然观光等，主要通过不同级别的活动设置，吸引多类型的生态旅游者；T2景区以观鸟为主要特色，并结合开发一些探险和训练营项目，面向观鸟爱好者、野外体能拓展团队及专业生态旅游者；T3景区以地学观光认知为主，活动包括观光、度假、野外定向越野、野外探

212、险、科普教育等，旅游活动以惊险刺激和团队合作为特色，主要吸引野外探险爱好者和公司团队；T4景区以教育修学为其主要特色，旅游活动注重对于游客的生态教育，主要吸引青少年和大众生态旅游等目标市场；T5景区注重生态农业文化的开发，旅游活动以民俗体验为主要特色，吸引大众与专业生态旅游者。Tourism programs are located in 5 subareas , each with a different theme. T1 features ecotourism. Correspondingly, tourism products should provide ap-propriate p

213、rograms including nature experience, environmental education, wil-derness exploration, hiking, and sight-seeing. A program hierarchy will attract a variety of tourists with different interests.T2 features bird-observation with exploration and training camp programs. Target-ed groups include birdwatc

214、hers, photographers, and outward bound programs.T3 features geological landscapes and activities including sight-seeing, resort, orienteering, exploration, and education. The activities are characterized by ex-citement and team spirit, and target at a more active population and company retreats.Educ

215、ational activities in T4 aim to attract youths and mass tourists.T5 will stress eco-agricultural development to attract tourists interested in expe-riencing local folk-customs. 佛峪口水库保护区入口主景区入口松闫路T1T2T3T4T5分区Sub-area旅游主题Theme旅游产品 Tourism ProgramsT1观光体验Sightseeing and Nature Experience户外运动 Sport科普教育Ed

216、ucation休闲保健Recreation松山动植物观赏/探奇/教育游 Wildlife Tour/Exploration/Education Tour松山森林养身游 Forest Tour松山会务度假游 Resort Tour松山温泉康体游 Hotspring Tour山林溪谷漫步游 Forest and Valley Walk松山摄影新手游及晋级游 Photography Tour松山风景画沙龙 Landscape Painting Exhibition溪谷美术夏令营 Studio Arts Summer Camp生态客栈康体游 Eco-inn Refreshing Tour松山丛林徒步游

217、 Forest Hiking松山露营探险游 Camping and Exploration TourT2野外探险Exploration科考科普Scientific Study拓展训练Outward bound露营观鸟二日游 2-day Camping and Birds-Observation Tour植物观鸟一日游 1-day Plants and Birds Observation Tour观鸟踏青绿色游 Bird Watching and Hiking Tour爱鸟爱自然松山观鸟摄影节 Bird-watching and Photography Festival绳降攀岩体验游 Rock-

218、climbing Tour崎岖山路自行车游 Mountain Biking Tour公司/学校团队拓展训练营 Outward Bound ProgramT3野外探险Exploration拓展训练Outward Bound乡野度假Village Resort地质景观探宝游 Geologic Tour野外丛林徒步 Forest Walk 溪谷探索游 Valley Exploration公司/学校团队拓展训练营 Outward Bound生态客栈康体游 Eco-inn TourT4教育修学Education野外探险Exploration人文历史Human History蝴蝶乐园一日游 Butterf

219、ly Tour 青少年动植物实习考察游 Youth Wildlife Exploration Tour专业动植物科考游 Scientific Survey寻觅消失的古村落小庄科村 Historical Village: Xiaozhuangke VillageT5生态农业文化Eco-agricultural culture康体休闲Recreation and Health-building科普教育Education生态客栈康体游 Eco-inn Tour松山民俗音乐节 Folk Music Festival 历史的变迁生态恢复科普游 Ecological Educational Tour旅游项

220、目规划Tourism Programming Sub-Areas02005001000Meters水库Reservoir车行路Roadway出入口Access point生态旅游景区Ecotourism area科考旅游景区Research tourism area 生态农业旅游景区Eco-agriculture area服务区Service area45依托主要接待设施的旅游产品依托主要的接待设施及周边场地的旅游产品有诸多优势：一可不受季节影响，全年都可以利用，二活动类型可以更多样化，兼容性强，可以和文化活动结合，有利于扩大知名度和影响力，三可将人为活动集中在一个容易控制的范围内，有利于降低

221、对环境的侵扰，四由于自然环境好，设施水平高，可以吸引高端人群，以最小的代价获得最大收益。由于以上优势，此类旅游项目应作为松山未来主要拓展的方面。活动设置主要体现两大理念，一是倡导健康的生活新方式，二是引领自然的审美时尚。可以开展的活动有健康咨询、夏季避暑、温泉水疗、生态美食、婚礼、婚纱艺术摄影、家庭聚会、公司酒会和特定的文化沙龙活动等。咨询和水疗活动的收费定位如下： 按照房间收取，费用包含所有服务费用，单人间大约420元/天，双人间大约450元/天；公司活动和婚礼的收费按照场地费收取，约5002000元/天；餐饮收费大约60120元人。Tourist Activities and Servic

222、e FacilitiesTourist activities and associated service facilities can help enrich visitor experi-ence by providing more programming options. Because service facilities are indoors, tourism activities are not limited by winter. Programming and associated facilities also allow more activities to be com

223、bined with cultural events. With ac-tivities in built facilities, human activities can also be better monitored, which will help to reduce environmental impact. Last, the pristine natural environment and associated high-end facilities will help to attract high-end tourists and increase revenue. Serv

224、ice facilities will be an important part of park success. Activity programming should embrace the following two concepts: a new and healthy lifestyle; and natural aesthetic value. Possiblilities include health educa-tion, summer retreat, hotspring hydrotherapy, restaurant serving organic food, weddi

225、ng ceremony, wedding photography, family gathering, company meetings, and cultural activities.Health education and hot springs will be charged in the form of room rate, with a price level of approximately 420 yuan/night for a single room, 450 yuan/night for a double room, and 500-2,000 yuan/night fo

226、r company activities and weddings.节庆活动良好的节庆活动策划，可以将不同时空下的旅游产品串联起来，形成一年四季精彩纷呈的项目。由于类型的多样化，有利于满足不同群体的需要，无需对硬件设施作过多改变，便可有丰富的活动，可吸引一部分客源反复光临，同时有助于形成属于松山的文化，对于宣传松山、提高松山知名度至关重要。在节庆活动的策划上，应围绕松山的特征：松树、溪流、温泉、新鲜的空气、夏季凉爽等特色。加强活动的创意、趣味性和参与性，同时结合旅游纪念品等旅游产业，获得较好的经济收益。根据松山实际条件，规划了以下节庆活动：松山春季赏花节 松山消夏避暑游 山溪摄影大赛 松山金秋

227、彩叶节 松山冬季温泉之旅 松山中老年登山比赛 松山徒步者节 北京青少年生态教育日 昆虫夏令营 小小护林员夏令营 松山森林养生节 松山民俗音乐节 生态保护与城市发展青年论坛 Festival ActivitiesPlanning of festival activities can be integrated with tourism options in different areas and in different seasons to allow programs throughout the year. Providing a large diversity of activities

228、 can help attract different segments of the population. Activity variance can attract different groups. This approach will also help in the cultivation of Songshans culture, which is critical for promoting its popularity. Unique aspects of Songshan, including the pine forest, creeks, fresh air, com-

229、fortable temperatures during summer, and hotsprings in winter, should be high-lighted when planning for festival activities. Planning and establishment of a sou-venir industry, which would help bring about higher economic benefits, should complement cultural planning for the reserve. Proposed Activi

230、ties: Spring FlowersSummer RetreatMountain / Creeks PhotographyAutumn Foliage Tour Winter Hotspring Tour Mountain-climbing Competition for Adults and Senior Citizens Hikers DayBeijing Younth Eco-education DayInsect- Discovery Summer CampYounth Forest Ranger Summer Camp Songshan Forest Conservation D

231、ay Songshan Folk Music FestivalEcological Preservation and Urban Development Forum总体规划框架Master Planning Framework464.4.2 旅游产品收费 Pricing松山目前的经济收入渠道单一，主要来源于门票和一些接待设施的收入。且旅游活动比较单一，过夜游客很少，接待设施也比较简陋，利用率很低。 此外， 邻近的大庄科村有5户农家乐(规划范围外)，村民接待游客的收入近年有所下降。通过开辟不同旅游路径，丰富旅游项目，增加不同旅游体验，本规划将在 生态容量允许的范围内让游客数量达到合理的增长。绝大

232、多数旅游项目都安排于主景区内，方便游客选择。根据活动时间的长短和游客的偏好而制定不同的收费标准，可满足不同客户群体的需求，并丰富旅游收入来源。这不仅为松山自然保护区管理委员会增加经济收益，用于松山软硬件建设和生态环境保护工作，而且也将为社区（大庄科村）带来可观的经济收入。村民会更加积极的投入到松山生态旅游的建设和监督工作当中，形成良性循环。Currently, the revenue of Songshan Nature Reserve relies mainly on ticket sales and accommodation service. Few tourists choose to

233、 stay overnight due to very basic accomodation and service facilities. The five family-run inns in the nearby Dazhuangke Village are also experiencing decreasing revenue from tourism, which is related to the decreasing visitation in the reserve.The ecotourism planning proposed by EDAW suggests estab

234、lishing more trails and programs, so as to promote tourists visitation within the set environmental capacity. Most programming activities will be based at the main visitor center, where visitors can easily choose among a wide variety of activities. Pricing is set according to duration and popularity

235、 of the activity, and is expected to increase tourism revenue for both the Songshan Nature Reserve Management Office and local communities. Increased revenue will in turn be invested back into the Reserve for construction and environmental protection with local resident participation.活动收费项目总览Matrix

236、of Activities and Price项目Program具体内容 Content半天 Half-day1天1 day2天2 days3天3 days游客中心Visitors Center公园地图、导游录像、立体模型、购买门票、书店、纪念品 Park map, tour guide, video recording, model, ticket office, book store, souvenirs80元/人/次80 yuan/person/time生态客栈Eco-inn提供健康生活方式的咨询、理疗、太极、独特的指导项目、按摩和脸部美容、温泉Healthy lifestyle edu

237、cation, physical therapy, Taichi, instruc-tion, massage, facial aesthetics, hot spring300元/人/次300 yuan/person/time动植物科普Education Center标本参观、专业导游、门票、标本制作Specimen collection, tour guide, ticket, specimen preparation50元/人50 yuan/person80元/人80 yuan/person地质探宝Geological explorationGPS、门票、纪念邮票GPS, ticket,

238、 commemorative stamp80元/人/次80 yuan/person/time120元/人120 yuan/person游绳 Abseiling岩壁、专业教练、装备、门票Abseiling, coaching, equipment, ticket80元/人/次80 yuan/person/time120元/人120 yuan/person丛林徒步Forest walk茶点、自然引导、门票Refreshments, nature guide, ticket50元/人50 yuan/person150元/人150 yuan/person200元/人20 yuan/person300元

239、/人300 yuan/person攀岩Rock climbing岩壁、专业教练、装备、门票、住宿Climbing, coaching ,classes, equipment, ticket, accommoda-tion50元/人50 yuan/person300元/人300 yuan/person400元/人400 yuan/person600元/人600 yuan/person摄影Photogra-phy门票、露营、专业人员引导、专业相机Ticket, camping, professional instruction, camera100元/人100 yuan/person220元/人2

240、20 yuan/person550元/人550 yuan/person880元/人880 yuan/person公司团队活动Company programs场地、门票、装备、食宿、专业组织人员Venue, ticket, equipment, ac-commodation, and supporting staff200元/人200 yuan/person300元/人300 yuan/person400元/人400 yuan/person学校团队活动School programs活动组织、场地提供、门票、装备、食宿、专业讲解Activity organization, venue, ticke

241、t, equipment, accommodation,guide100元/人100 yuan/person200元/人200 yuan/person300元/人300 yuan/person474.5 分期规划 Phasing Plan4.5.1 规划期：2008年2020年 Planning Period: 2008 to 2020近期：2008-2011重点完善主景区 服务设施建设 完善保护区形象化空间，包括增加新的标牌系统 强化大庄科村生态农业旅游特色 中期： 2012-2015完成核心管理区建筑风貌改造 温泉度假区的建设，满足高端客源市场需求 完善兰角沟科考景区的设施建设 交通规划的

242、全面实施 远期： 2016-2020综合实现规划目标，形成布局合理，功能完善，形象鲜明的生态旅游目的地 Short-term: 2008 - 2011Improvement of the main scenic areaConstruction of service facilitiesImage improvement, including new signagePromotion of eco-agricultural tourism in the Dazhuangke VillageMid-term: 2012 - 2015Building renovation in the main

243、tourist areas of the Pilot ZoneHot-spring resort construction Facilities construction at Lanjiaogou scenic spotFull implementation of the transportation planLong-term: 2016 2020Achieve the overall planning object ive to create an ecotourism destination with a practical layout fulfilling wide-ranging

244、 functions.4.5.2 迎接2008奥运的近期建设建议 Recommendation of Short-Term Construction for the 2008 Olympic Games迎绿色奥运，松山2008年奥运前的行动计划：软件建设 深入学习本松山生态旅游规划，按计划分期实施各种规划建议 -积极与国家与北京市各相关部委、科研环保组织联系，争取资金和人才 -支持制作招商手册，推广松山生态旅游经营项目 -生态旅游培训课程 -加入北京奥运会官方网站和官方营销体系的链接 -向游客发放生态旅游手册，进行教育，定点收集垃圾 -硬件建设 松闫路5月后交通限行 -标识系统标牌：通过标识系

245、统拓展小游线 -保护区入口改建 -办公管理区外立面改造；标本馆改善 -停车场改造 -景区入口游客中心建设 -免冲洗生态厕所 -增加污水处理设备，将污水处理率提升到100% -服务设施实现雨水回收系统 -佛峪口水库保护区入口主景区入口松闫路分期规划建设建议图Proposed Phasing保护区边界Nature Reserve Boundary功能区划界限Boundary Of Functional Zones大庄科村Dazhuangke Village 水库Reservoir车行路Roadway出入口Access Point生态保育区Conservation Area050010002000M

246、eters近期开发游览区 Short Term Tourism Area中期开发游览区 Mid Term Tourism Area远期开发游览区 Long Term Tourism Area近期建设服务区 Short Term Service Area中期建设服务区 Mid Term Service AreaThe short term Action Plan to be implemented before the 2008 Summer Olym-pics should include the following strategies:Management StrategiesImplem

247、ent programs from the Songshan Ecotourism Plan according -to the phasing plan Find support funds and professional staff -Prepare investment invitation brochure to promote the project to inves- -torsProvide training courses on ecotourism -links from the official website of the 2008 Olympic Games -Pro

248、duce an Ecotourism Handbook to tourists and establish trash-col- -lecting pointsConstruction strategiesImplement traffic control on Songyan Road after May -Begin installation of new signage -Renovate main entrance -Change building elevation of the main office area and renovate the -specimen collecti

249、on buildingRedesign the parking lot -Construct Visitor Center at the main entrance -Install waterless/biotoilets -Increase wastewater treatment facilities (treatment percentage in- -creased to 100%)Implement system for collecting and reusing Rainwater -总体规划框架Master Planning Framework作为本次生态旅游规划的核心工作，

250、主景区生态旅游规划从宏观、中观、微观多个尺度对主景区的游线系统、整体风貌、解说系统和景点建设进行梳理、归纳和完善。力求以最小的建设投入，最小的环境干扰，使游客最大限度的认识和了解自然。The core task of ecotourism implementation is the planning of the main scenic area. EDAW worked on this areas tour routes, the overall style, interpretation system, and scenic spot layout on multiple scales t

251、o achieve minimum construc-tion investment and environmental disturbance, as well as to promote visitors understanding about nature.5.1 游线系统规划5.2 整体风貌规划5.3 解说系统规划5.4 景点建设5.1 Tourism Route Planning5.2 Overall Character Planning5.3 Guidance System Planning5.4 Scenic Spot Construction5 主景区生态旅游规划Ecotour

252、ism Planning for the Main Scenic Area50主景区生态旅游规划Ecotourism Planning for the Main Scenic Area 5.1 游线系统规划 Tourism Route Planning 5.1.1 主景区游线系统规划策略 Planning Strategy for the Tourism Route in the Main Scenic Area原有的单一游览线路林、石、溪、谷等景观类型较少 线性景点序列难以产生多样化的选择， 往返游览体验重复 空间狭小，高峰时超出合理的环境容量 在谷地空间的底部穿行，空间幽奥，视距受限，视觉

253、覆盖面小 游线 Tourism route 溪流 BrookThe existing linear route:Provides little diversity in landscape elements in terms of forest, rocks, brooks and valleys;Allows little choice in route selection as scenic spots are lined up in a linear sequence, requiring return trip on the same route;Limits the area acc

254、essible to the public, and number of visitors exceeds the environmental carrying capacity in peak time; Passes through the bottom of the valley, where line of sight is limited; 景区范围 Scenic Area Boundary感受空间范围 Limit of Sightseeing Experience主游线 Main Route 已有景点 Existing Sites 绝顶及远眺处 Summits and Lookou

255、t Points 视线 Line of Sight51策略一：在主游线周边增加近距离的小环线增加林、石、溪、谷等景观类型 与主游线及景物构成交错的螺旋形路径 多样的路径选择，往返游览体验不同，疏散主游线人流 须对游线间的植被进行梳理，留出视线通廊 Strategy I: Construct branch trails along the main routeIncrease diversity of landscape elements (forests, rocks, brooks and valleys) along route; Create paths that intertweave

256、 with the main route and scenic spots; Offer multiple route selections to allow for different routing on the return trip; Trim vegetation at specific points along route to create alternative view corridors. 景区范围 Scenic Area Boundary感受空间范围 Limit of Sightseeing Experience主游线 Main Route 近距离小环线 Branch R

257、outes 远距离山径Distant Hiking Trails 已有景点 Existing Sites 视线 Line of Sight游线 Tourism route 游线 Tourism route 溪流 Brook 52策略二：建立远距离山径系统增加林、石、溪、谷等景观类型 完善游线系统，提供适合不同人群、不同难度级别的路径 筑建于山腰， 部分路段超越下层丛林，提供中景和远景的视觉体验 Strategy II: Establish a system of distant hiking trailsIncrease diversity of landscape elements (for

258、ests, rocks, brooks and valleys); Improve the trail network, offering hikers a choice of trails with different difficulty levels; Allow hikers to enjoy medium and long distant views, as some sections of the paths rise above the undergrowth layer.景区范围 Scenic Area Boundary感受空间范围 Limit of Sightseeing E

259、xperience主游线 Main Route 近距离小环线 Branch Routes 远距离山径Distant Hiking Trails 已有景点 Existing Sites 绝顶及远眺处 Summits and Lookout Points 视线 Line of Sight游线 Tourism route 游线 Tourism route 游线 Tourism route 溪流 Brook 53策略三：建立山脊山径少数人选择的高难度级别的路径 谷地外和绝顶的视觉体验，观赏群山和林带，大部分路径视线超越景区范围 认知群落整体和山顶草甸群落 Strategy III: Construct

260、 a ridge trailOffer a challenging path for the physically fit; Provide commanding view of the entire scenic area and beyond; Offer opportunity to experience high altitude grassland habitats景区范围 Scenic Area Boundary感受空间范围 Limit of Sightseeing Experience主游线 Main Route 近距离小环线 Branch Routes 远距离山径Distant

261、 Hiking Trails 已有景点 Existing Sites 绝顶及远眺处 Summits and Lookout Points 视线 Line of Sight主景区生态旅游规划Ecotourism Planning for the Main Scenic Area游线 Tourism route 游线 Tourism route 游线 Tourism route 溪流 Brook 545.1.2 游线系统与景观要素分布 Tourism Routes and Distribution of Scenic Elements“林”植被类型分布与游线关系 “Forest” Trail Ne

262、twork and Vegetation1234567889101111121313141516175“地形”地形与游线关系 “Valley” Tourism routes and Elevation桦树为主的针阔叶混交林1. 桦树阔叶林2. 胡枝子为主的阔叶林3. 桦树与绣线菊为主的阔叶林4. 绣线菊为主要灌木的阔叶林5. 以栎类和胡枝子为主的针阔叶混交林6. 针阔叶混交林7. 栎类阔叶林 8. 以油松为主的针阔叶混交林9. 以山杏为主的灌丛10. 以油松为主的针叶林11. 以油松、胡枝子为主的阔叶林12. 以油松、绣线菊为主的针叶林13. 以油松、绣线菊为主的针阔叶混交林14. 以绣线菊为

263、主要灌木的针阔叶混交林15. 以绣线菊为主要灌木的阔叶林16. 以栎类、绣线菊为主的阔叶林17. Mixed Coniferous Broad Leaved Forest, Mainly Birches1. Birch Broad Leaved Forest 2. Broad Leaved Forest, Mainly Lespedeza3. Broad Leaved Forest, Mainly Birches And Spiraea 4. Broad Leaved Forest, Mainly Spiraea5. Mixed Coniferous Broad Leaved Forest,

264、Mainly Oak Trees and Lespedeza6. Mixed Coniferous Broad Leaved Forest7. Oak Broad Leaved Forest 8. Mixed Coniferous Broad Leaved Forest, Mainly Pitch Pines 9. Brushwood, Mainly Wild Apricots10. Coniferous Forest, Mainly Pitch Pines11. Broad Leaved Forest, Mainly Pitch Pines and LespedEza12. Conifero

265、us Forest, Mainly Pitch Pines and Spiraea13. Mixed Coniferous Broad Leaved Forest, Mainly Pitch Pines and Spiraea14. Mixed Coniferous Broad Leaved Forest, Mainly Spiraea15. Broad Leaved Forest, Mainly Spiraea16. Broad Leaved Forest, Mainly Oak Trees and Spiraea17. 650-700m700-750m750-800m800-850m850

266、-900m900-950m950-1,000m1,000-1,100m1,100-1,200m1,200-1,300m1,300-1,400m1,400-1,500m1,500-1,600m1,600-1,700m55“溪”溪流分布与游线关系 “Creek” Relation Between Brook Distribution and Tourism Route“石”裸露岩石分布与游线关系 “Rock” Relation Between Bared Rock Distribution and Tourism Route0100300500Meters主景区生态旅游规划Ecotourism P

267、lanning for the Main Scenic Area565.1.3 主景区游线系统规划 Tourism Route Planning in the Main Scenic Area主景区游线系统图Map of Tourism Routes in Main Scenic Area 桦树为主的针阔叶混交林1. 桦树阔叶林2. 胡枝子为主的阔叶林3. 桦树与绣线菊为主的阔叶林4. 绣线菊为主要灌木的阔叶林5. 以栎类和胡枝子为主的针阔叶混交林6. 针阔叶混交林7. 栎类阔叶林8. 以油松为主的针阔叶混交林9. 以山杏为主的灌丛10. 以油松为主的针叶林11. 以油松、胡枝子为主的阔叶林1

268、2. 以油松、绣线菊为主的针叶林13. 以油松、绣线菊为主的针阔叶混交林14. 以绣线菊为主要灌木的针阔叶混交林15. 以绣线菊为主要灌木的阔叶林16. 以栎类、绣线菊为主的阔叶林17. Mixed Broadleaf Forest, Mainly Birch1. Birch Broadleaf Forest 2. Broadleaf Forest, Mainly Lespedeza3. Broadleaf Forest, Mainly Birches and Spiraea 4. Broadleaf Forest, Mainly Spiraea5. Mixed Broadleaf Fores

269、t, Mainly Oak and Lespedeza6. Mixed Broadleaf Forest7. Oak Broadleaf Forest 8. Mixed Coniferous Forest, Mainly Pitch Pine 9. Brushwood, Mainly Wild Apricots10. Coniferous Forest, Mainly Pitch Pine11. Mixed Coniferous And Broadleaf Forest, Mainly Pitch Pine and Lespedeza12. Mixed Coniferous Forest, M

270、ainly Pitch Pine13. Mixed ConiferouS And Broadleaf Forest, Mainly Pitch Pine and Spiraea14. Mixed Broadleaf Forest, Mainly Spiraea15. Broadleaf Forest, Mainly Spiraea16. Broadleaf Forest, Mainly Oak and Spiraea17. 主游线Main route 小环线Branch routes山径Trails 栈道Boardwalk 溪流Brook 已有景点Existing spots 新增景点Newl

271、y scenic spots 休息设施Rest facilities 休息亭Rest pavilion 厕所Washroom 眺望塔Observation tower 远眺点Sightseeing point 制高点Commanding point 桥Bridge 主景区入口Main entrance游客中心Visitor center图例 Legend57听乐潭三叠水杨林顶水鲨鸳鸯岩松乐潭眺望塔百瀑泉卧龙松蒙古栎林汇合点松山全景妫川远眺12345678891011111213131415161750100200400Meters主景区生态旅游规划Ecotourism Planning for

272、 the Main Scenic Area58眺望塔蒙古栎林松山全景妫川远眺顶水鲨鸳鸯岩松乐潭卧龙松三叠水杨林听乐潭百瀑泉汇合点AB1B2B3B4B5C1C2C3C4C5C6C7C8主景区旅游路线难易程度分布图Details of Tourism Routes in the Main Scenic Area 主游线Main route 小环线Branch route 山径Trail 栈道 Boardwalk 溪流 Brook 景点 Scenic Spot 远眺点 Lookout point 桥 Bridge 逍遥漫步路线 Leisure route 恬然健身路线 Fitness route 活

273、力强身路线 Stamina route 挑战体能路线 Challenging route图例 Legend0100200400Meters游线类型 Type 游线编号 Number 游线编号 Number 长度 Length(M)主游线 AMain route A 2669 1 574 1558小环线 B 2 161Branch Route B 4 266 5 420 1-2 2529 9106 2-3 899山径C Trail C 2-4 1054 2-6 1140 5-6 1577 7-8 190759主景区旅游设施分布图Layout of Facilities in Main Sceni

274、c Area 听乐潭三叠水杨林顶水鲨鸳鸯岩松乐潭眺望塔百瀑泉卧龙松蒙古栎林汇合点松山全景妫川远眺主游线Main route 小环线Branch route 山径 Trail 栈道 Boardwalk 溪流 Brook 已有景点 Existing scenic spots 新增景点 Newly scenic spots 远眺点 Lookout point 休息设施 Rest facilities 休息亭 Rest pavilion 厕所 Washroom 眺望塔 Sightseeing tower 野餐区 Picnic area 小卖部 Buffet 电子导游系统 E-guide system

275、露营区 Camp site 电话设施 Telephone service 桥 Bridge 主景区入口 Main zones entrance 游客中心 Visitor Center图例 Legend0100200400Meters主景区生态旅游规划Ecotourism Planning for the Main Scenic Area60听乐潭三叠水杨林顶水鲨鸳鸯岩松乐潭百瀑泉卧龙松蒙古栎林汇合点松山全景妫川远眺主景区解说系统布置图Layout of Guidance System in Main Scenic Area 图例 Legend0100200400Meters主游线Main ro

276、ute 小环线 Branch route 山径 Trail 栈道 Boardwalk 溪流 Brook 已有景点 Existing scenic spots 新增景点 Newly scenic spots 远眺点 Lookout point 解说标志 Guidance Logo入口类 Entrances 导向类 Directions 临时宣传类 Temporary information board 解说类 Explanatory boards 建筑场所类 Buildings 警示类 Warnings61科普设施规划图Educational Facilities 逐渐将主景区现存实习活动向外转

277、移，使主景区成为针对普通游客的科普区 逐步建立三个针对专业人员的不同资源特征的实习区，满足科考人员的需要 游客中心是保护区生态旅游信息中心,是生态旅游管理服务的智能核心,代表 着保护区的综合形象,服务于所有访客小型科考游客中心主要针对科研考察和实习团队而设,提供有针对性和专业性 的介绍和导游餐饮住宿服务,同时对科考团队的考察活动对环境的影响进行监督及监控.自然生态教育中心以现状标本馆为基础,完善功能,提升服务形象及质量,成为 生态旅游区实施环境教育的基地，服务于所有访客佛峪口水库保护区入口主景区入口松闫路Gradually move research activities out of the

278、 main scenic area so the sce-nic area is devoted to mass tourists.Establish three research precincts with different resources to satisfy de-mands of students and researchers. The Visitors Center will serve as the information center for the Nature Re-serve as well as the ecotourism management center.

279、 It represents the im-age of the Songshan Nature Reserve and will serve all visitors.The small visitors center is designed for researchers and interns, and will provide scientific support services. This center will also monitor and super-vise environmental impacts.Improve the function of the Specime

280、n Collection and upgrade it into an education center for people to get to know nature. It can be developed into an educational base which serves all visitors.保护区内科普设施规划布局图Research Facilities in the Nature Reserve水库Reservoir车行路 Roadway出入口 Entry/exit针对普通游客的科普区 Education Area for General Tourists针对专业人员

281、的实习区 Reasearch Area for Students 游客中心Visitors Center小型科考游客中心 Small Visitors Center 自然生态教育中心Educational Center themed on Ecology02005001000Meters图例 Legend主景区生态旅游规划Ecotourism Planning for the Main Scenic Area624591314景区游线系统同时是科普游径系统，结合该系统内的标牌设置科普内容 辅以导游人员和自他自助导游设备（GPS，讲解机等） 考虑开发有针对性地互动式电子解说机 主景区内科普设施规

282、划布局图Educational Facilities Planning Map in the Main Scenic AreaTour routes in this area also function as educational trails, and signage boards will be arranged based on route layout.Tour guide and self-guide facilities such as GPS and interpretation facilityConsider development of interactive elect

283、ronic interpretation device.图例 Legend0100200400Meters主游线 Main Tour Route小环线 Branch Routes山径 Trail 栈道 Boardwalk溪流 Brook制高点 Vantage Point桥 Bridge主景区入口 Entrance of the Main Scenic Area群落及植被解说 Plant Communities and Interpretation地质地貌解说 Geological Characters and Interpretation保护对象解说 Protection Subjects a

284、nd Interpretation63眺望塔蒙古栎林松山全景妫川远眺顶水鲨鸳鸯岩松乐潭卧龙松三叠水杨林听乐潭百瀑泉汇合点主游线Main route 小环线Branch route 山径Trail 栈道 Plank road 溪流 Brook 景点 Spots 远眺点 Lookout point桥 Bridge图例 Legend0100200400Meters主景区旅游路线项目分布图Layout of Tourism Routes in the Main Scenic Area 松山动植物观赏/探奇/教育游 Animals and plants viewing/adventure/in-trod

285、uction tour 松山森林养身游 Songshan forest fitness tour 松山会务度假游 Songshan business holiday tour 山林溪谷漫步游 Hill tour 松山摄影新手游及晋级游 Songshan beginners photography tour 松山风景画沙龙 Songshan landscape painting salon 溪谷美术夏令营 Fine arts summer camp溪谷游览路线 Valley touring route 山林游览路线 Mountain forest touring route松山动植物观赏/探奇/

286、教育游 Animals and plants viewing/adventure/in-troduction tour松山森林养身游Songshan forest fitness tour松山摄影新手游及晋级游Songshan beginners photography tour 生态客栈康体游 Ecological inn fitness tour 松山丛林徒步游 Songshan forest leisure tour全景游览路线 Full shot touring route 松山动植物探奇游 Songshan animal and plant adventure tour 松山山脊徒步

287、游 Songshan hiking tour 松山铁人攀岩游 Songshan climbing tour主景区生态旅游规划Ecotourism Planning for the Main Scenic Area645.1.4 环境容量校核 Environmental Capacity Analysis计算方法：游路法 （GBT20416-2006 自然保护区生态旅游规划技术规程）Method of calculation: route method (GBT20416-2006 Technical Regulations on Eco-tourism Plan in Nature Reser

288、ve)参数设置：Parameter settings游路法 Route method游路类型 Type of route 游道全长 Length of route每人占用长度/m Length occupied per person/m全天开放时间 Daily open time游完游道所需时间 Time spent in touring the whole route完全游道 Complete route133331083.33计算结果：3200人/天评价结论：小于该区域的生态环境容量3312 人/天，满足要求Result calculated: 3200 persons/day Concl

289、usion: According to technical regulations, nature reserve capacity should be less than the regional eco-environ-mental carrying capacity (3312 persons/day). The site meets the requirements. 5.1.5 游径建设建议 Guidance for Trail Construction本着可持续原则进行游径建设，具体如下：满足现有及可能开展的游览活动 对周边自然环境和文化资源最小侵扰 允许为建设和维护游径偶尔对植物

290、进行有必要的修剪和移栽 游径建设所引起的土壤流失、土方变动应控制在不影响周边的自然植被生长繁衍的可忽略的范围内。 Construct trails based on sustainable development principles and implement the following specific measures:Satisfy existing or any possible tourism activities Minimize intrusion to surrounding natural environmental and cultural resources Condu

291、ct necessary pruning and plant transplantation to construct and maintain trails Soil loss and earthwork variations caused by trail construction should be controlled to minimize surrounding natural vegetation 65坡度小于10%Gradient less than 10% 土质+松散砾石适用于有一定宽度要求的主游线 边缘以现场石材灵活界定 将现状土壤夯实处理或铺撒砾石 Earth + loo

292、se gravelApply earth and loose gravel across the width of the trailDefine boundaries with stones lining the sides of the trailPack the soil or lay gravel to avoid erosion坡度小于10%Gradient less than 10% 架起的木板路适用于游人量不大的游览支线 有利于保护林下植被 利用现场的石材和废弃回收的木板制作 采取搭接的方式铺设，尽可能最少改变环境 Boardwalk Construction Suitable

293、for tour routes that are off the main path This trail type is favorable for protecting vegetation Accentuate with available site stones and recycled wood Ensure that boardwalk construction minimizes changes to the existing environment 坡度小于10%Gradient less than 10% 间隔的自然石材适用于人迹罕至的山径，为喜欢探索的人而设 挑选现状平整的

294、石材，铺设跳跃的石汀步，引导游人。 避免对周边植被踩踏 Spaced natural stones Suitable for infrequently used trails, designed for ap-proved trails off the main route Choose flat stones for ease of walking and for safety Direct visitors towards the stone path through design to avoid vegetation trampling 主景区生态旅游规划Ecotourism Plan

295、ning for the Main Scenic Area30坡度 Slope%主景区 Main Area图例 Legend02505001,000Meters66坡度在10%30%之间Gradient range from 10% to 30%石条挡土台阶适于陡坡 将相对平整的自然面放在上面 避免平直僵硬的游径边界 两侧植被自然渗入 Stone and earth steps Set securely to trails Chosen stones should be flat for ease of walking Do not put stone steps on flat areas

296、Vegetation should be main-tained on both sides to main-tain a natural site character坡度大于30%Gradient more than 30% 木质台阶适于空间相对幽奥，植被郁闭的区域 台阶以木材挡土，中间铺砾石 在低标高一侧设置护栏 利用现场或附近的废弃木材 Wooden steps Apply to relatively steep areas with dense vegetation Retain soils by stabilizing with wooden board with gravel ma

297、terialsSet guardrail on the lower elevation side of the trailTake advantage of on-site materials坡度在10%30%之间Gradient range from 10% to 30% 木条挡土台阶适于相对缓的地势 尽量利用现状倒伏的枯枝作为 材料避免平直僵硬的游径边界 两侧的植被自然渗入 Wooden earth retaining step Is applicable to relatively low terrain Utilize on-site materials where feasible

298、Flat areas should utilize earth-en materials Vegetation should be main-tained on both sides to main-tain a natural site character 坡度大于30%Gradient more than 30%石质台阶适于空间相对开阔，岩石较多的区域 台阶以石材挡土或挖凿现状山石形成台阶 在低标高一侧设置坚固的铁质护栏 Stone steps Apply in areas where the landscape has ex-isting large stones Stones may

299、need to be cut for ease of walk-ing and safety Set fixed steel guardrail on the lower eleva-tion side of the trail30坡度 Slope%主景区 Main Area图例 Legend02505001,000Meters675.2 整体风貌规划 Overal Character Planning5.2.1 规划原则 Planning Principle可持续原则自然通风 自然采光 保温隔热 环保材料的应用 研究雨水收集以及太阳能、水源热泵等可再生能源技术利用针对本项目的可行性 Sust

300、ainable PrinciplesNatural ventilation Natural lighting Thermal insulation Application of environment-protection materials Study the feasibility of renewable energy technology, rain water collection, solar energy, water source heat pump, etc. 建筑环境和谐原则布局：功能合理、流线清晰、舒适便捷 基底： 尽量保持地表的原有地形和植被，利用地形高差和山位进行建筑

301、布局 体量 ：根据环境尺度来定建筑体量，避免过大、生硬体量对自然景观环境的破坏 造型：整体造型依山就势、因境而成，真实、逻辑地表现出内部空间、功能、构造的特性 考虑视线高低的变化、重视建筑第五立面的设计 在整体风格统一的基础上，单体建筑根据功能、区位的不同而呈现各自特点 空间：建筑与外部环境过渡自然、室内外相互融和 Balance Between Structure and EnvironmentLayout: reasonable functions, clear transport corridors, cozy, convenient Substance: try to maintain

302、 the original terrain and vegetation of the area and design through utiliz-ing the terrain height variation and position Size: determine the building size according to the environmental carrying capacity, try to avoid damage to natural features due to overextending the building footprint Shape: buil

303、d according to the terrain and surrounding environment, authentically and logically reveal the features of space, function and structure Consider changes in line of sight, pay close attention to the design of the upper levelsBased on the unification of overall style, each single building shall take

304、on unique features accord-ing to functions and blocks Space: building and external environment are in natural transition 主景区生态旅游规划Ecotourism Planning for the Main Scenic Area685.2.2 现状布局及主要问题 Current Layout and Major ProblemsA 保护区入口区 Nature Reserve Entrance 入口建筑功能明确但标识性不足 缺乏对入口周边场所形象的设计 Entrance bui

305、lding has definite functions but insufficient signage Lack of design and imagry at entrance B 核心管理区 Core Management Area 各自为政、风格杂乱 造型、材质、色调不协调 建筑与基地、环境缺乏联系 部分建筑质量较低，节能环保标准不高 No collaboration of styles Inharmonious shape, materials and hue Buildings lack connection between the building and the enviro

306、nment Quality of the buildings is poor and the energy-saving and environmental-protection standard is lowC 停车场 Parking lot 规模过大 缺少围挡，过于突兀 场地过于硬化，生态型欠佳 OversizedLack of buffers Impervious, bad for ecology and water quality D 景区入口 Entrance 空间局促，流线混乱 功能设施不全 建筑与环境不协调 标志性不突出 Restricted space, disorderly

307、transport directionIncomplete functional facilities Buildings are out of line with the environment Signage is not good E 住宿设施区 Residential Facilities Area 体量过大，与环境不协调 功能不合理，使用不便 建筑形象与保护区不符 Oversized, not in line with the environment Unreasonable functions, inconvenient to use Building image is not i

308、n line with a Nature Reserve69DCBAE1234567891011121314151817162019通往大庄科村进入主景区A 保护区入口区 Entrance region of Nature Reserve B 核心管理区 Core Management District C 停车场 Parking Lot D 主景区入口区 Entrance region of main zones E 温泉度假区 Hot Spring Resort 1 保护区入口及检查站 Nature Reserve Entrance and Check Point 2 靠山屯 Kaosha

309、n Village 3 佛峪谷宾馆区 Foyugu Hotels 4 综合管理楼 General Administrative Building 5 员工食堂 Employees Dinning-Room 6 松山苑宾馆 Songshanyuan Hotel 7 保护区管理处及派出所 Management Office of Nature Reserve and Local Police Station 8 标本馆 Specimen Museum 9 听音阁宾馆 Tingyinge Hotel 10 消防队 Firehouse 11 标本餐厅 Specimen Restaurant 12 商店

310、及厕所 Shop and Washroom 13 平房 Bungalow 14 塘子浴宾馆 Tangziyu Hotel 15 餐厅及厕所 Restaurant and Washroom 16 售票处 Ticket Office 17 小停车场 Small Parking Lot 18 检票处 Ticket Examiner 19 绿色驿站 Green Station 20 大停车场 Large Parking Lot管理设施Management facilities 住宿设施 Residential facilities 服务设施 Service facilities 水库 Reservoi

311、r停车场 Parking lot 松闫路 Songyan road 游步道 Touring footpath图例 Legend主景区生态旅游规划Ecotourism Planning for the Main Scenic Area705.2.3 分区改造目标及策略 Subarea Reconstruction Targets and Strategies A 保护区入口区 独特鲜明的松山第一印象Entrance region of Nature Reserve - unique but vivid first image of Songshan 用景观和建筑的手法综合塑造场所氛围 采用大地艺

312、术的形式强化和延续自然空间 强调景观序列的完整性 Foster an arrival atmosphere by integrating sights and buildings together Strengthen and prolong the natural space by applying utilizing artworkEmphasize the importance of sight sequence B 核心管理区山林溪水间的和谐聚落Core Management District-harmonious settlement between mountain, forest

313、 and stream通过色彩材质增加建筑的统一 加强区域内步行联系 通过景观手法改善建筑与环境的关系，缓解不良体量及外观的建筑 重视序列和氛围的营造 强化节点 Intensify building unification by colorized materials Strengthen walking connection within the area Improve the relation between buildings and the environment through land-scape design, rethink the unfavorable size and

314、appearance of buildings Pay special attention to sequence and fostering an arrival atmosphere Strengthen node connectionsC 停车场 绿意掩映的生态停车场Parking lot - tree bound eco-parking lot减小规模 增加植被，缓冲和划分空间 采用透水、自然感的铺装 Decrease its size Plant vegetation, buffer and divide spaces Apply pervious and natural pavem

315、ent D 主景区入口区：到达之后满怀期待的启程Entrance region of main zones-expectant setting-out after arrival拆除现有检票处，中、远期考虑收购绿色驿站，原址统一规划设计游客中心 及景区入口。近期结合商店和厕所改造成游客中心梳理交通流线，塑造到达感和进入主景区的序列 感受 Determine a location for a permenant ticket booth, consider purchase of a green center for this space. In the near future, reconst

316、ruct the existing build-ings near the entrance into a visitor center. In the medium or long term, the park entrance and visitor center should be in the same location. Arrange traffic lines to foster a sense of arrival and sequenceE 温泉度假区：洗去凡尘的惬意之所Hot spring resort: a place to relax in nature化解建筑体量，形

317、成小尺度的单体建筑聚落 建筑与地形高度契合，分散建筑体量 建筑风貌自然质朴，配以高档的建筑内部设施 Divide the buildings to form a small-sized single building cluster Consider relationship with terrain, reduce building sizeNatural and modest building style, equipped with top grade interior facili-ties71DCBA1234567891011121314151817162019通往大庄科村进入主景区

318、E管理设施Management Facilities 住宿设施 Residential Facilities 服务设施 Service Facilities 水库 Reservoir停车场 Parking Lot 松闫路 Songyan Road 游步道 Touring Footpath图例 LegendA 保护区入口区 Entrance Region of Nature Reserve B 核心管理区 Core Management District C 停车场 Parking Lot D 主景区入口区 Entrance Region of Main Zones E 温泉度假区 Hot Sp

319、ring Resort 1 保护区入口及检查站 Nature Reserve Entrance and Check Point 2 靠山屯 Kaoshan Village 3 佛峪谷宾馆区 Foyugu Hotels 4 综合管理楼 General Administrative Building 5 员工食堂 Employees Dinning-room 6 松山苑宾馆 Songshanyuan Hotel 7 保护区管理处及派出所 Management Office of Nature Reserve and Local Police Station 8 标本馆 Specimen Museu

320、m 9 听音阁宾馆 Tingyinge Hotel 10 消防队 Firehouse 11 标本餐厅 Specimen Restaurant 12 商店及厕所 Shop and Washroom 13 平房 Bungalow 14 塘子浴宾馆 Tangziyu Hotel 15 餐厅及厕所 Restaurant and Washroom 16 售票处 Ticket Office 17 小停车场 Small Parking Lot 18 检票处 Ticket Examiner 19 绿色驿站 Green Station 20 大停车场 Large Parking Lot主景区生态旅游规划Ecot

321、ourism Planning for the Main Scenic Area725.2.4 硬质材料分区策略 Hard Material Strategy A 保护区管理区Management District of Nature Reserve建筑：锈蚀钢板、混凝土 景观：锈蚀钢板、天然块石 Building: galvanized steel sheet, concrete Sight: steel plates, natural block stoneB 核心管理区Core Management District建筑：仿石涂料、混凝土、木材、镀锌钢板 景观：天然石材 、松散砾石 解说

322、牌：木材、拉丝不锈钢 Building: stone-like coatings, concrete, wood, galva-nized steel sheet Sight: natural stone, loose gravelInterpretation board: wood, wire-drawing stainless steelC 停车场Parking lot 景观：天然块石、松散砾石 解说牌：锈蚀钢板 Sight: natural block stone, loose gravel Interpretation board: steel plateD 主景区入口 Entranc

323、e to the Main Scenic Area 建筑：混凝土、天然石材 景观：天然石材、松散砾石 解说牌：锈蚀钢板 Building: concrete, natural stoneSight: natural stone, loose gravelInterpretation board: steel plateE 温泉度假区Hot spring resort 建筑：木材、仿石涂料、镀锌钢板 景观：天然块石、松散砾石、木材 解说牌：木材、拉丝不锈钢 Building: wood, stone-like coating, galvanized plateSight: natural blo

324、ck stone, loose gravel, woodInterpretation board: wood, wire-drawing stainless steel73DCBA1234567891011121314151817162019通往大庄科村进入主景区E管理设施Management Facilities 住宿设施 Residential Facilities 服务设施 Service Facilities 水库 Reservoir停车场 Parking Lot 松闫路 Songyan Road 游步道 Touring Footpath图例 Legend主景区生态旅游规划Ecotou

325、rism Planning for the Main Scenic AreaA 保护区入口区 Entrance Region of Nature Reserve B 核心管理区 Core Management District C 停车场 Parking Lot D 主景区入口区 Entrance Region of Main Zones E 温泉度假区 Hot Spring Resort 1 保护区入口及检查站 Nature Reserve Entrance and Check Point 2 靠山屯 Kaoshan Village 3 佛峪谷宾馆区 Foyugu Hotels 4 综合管理

326、楼 General Administrative Building 5 员工食堂 Employees Dinning-room 6 松山苑宾馆 Songshanyuan Hotel 7 保护区管理处及派出所 Management Office of Nature Reserve and Local Police Station 8 标本馆 Specimen Museum 9 听音阁宾馆 Tingyinge Hotel 10 消防队 Firehouse 11 标本餐厅 Specimen Restaurant 12 商店及厕所 Shop and Washroom 13 平房 Bungalow 14

327、 塘子浴宾馆 Tangziyu Hotel 15 餐厅及厕所 Restaurant and Washroom 16 售票处 Ticket Office 17 小停车场 Small Parking Lot 18 检票处 Ticket Examiner 19 绿色驿站 Green Station 20 大停车场 Large Parking Lot745.2.5 特色植栽分区策略 Planting Strategy选取观赏特征明显的松山的代表性树种考虑不同区域现状树种情况兼顾不同季节景观主景区入口区：以杨树、五叶地锦为主，强调乔木的竖直线条和疏朗的枝叶，攀援植物缓和建筑体量停车场：以柿树为主，夏季浓

328、荫，秋季可赏色叶核心管理区：以栎树、红枫为主，突出秋季色叶景观和植物的自然姿态，在溪流侧补充适量开花灌木保护区入口区：以油松、五叶地锦为主，通过油松烘托保护区入口四时不变的松山意向。Choose native trees in Songshan with ornamental features Ensure that chosen plants are regional species Investigate seasonality of plants Entrance region of main zones: trees planted mainly are poplar and wood

329、bindParking lot: persimmon tree as main species, luxuriant and green in summer and colored leaves in autumn. Core Management District: mainly maple, which has colored foliage, it is addi-tionally appropriate to plant shrubs in areas along the stream, as necessary Entrance region of Nature Reserve: m

330、ainly pine and woodbind, representing the forests of Songshan杨树(Populus)、五叶地锦(Parthenocissus quinquefolia) 柿树(Diospyros kaki Thunb) 栎树(Quercus)、红枫(Acer palmatum)油松(Pinus tabulaeformis Carr)、五叶地锦(Parthenocissus quinquefolia)75管理设施Management Facilities 住宿设施 Residential Facilities 服务设施 Service Faciliti

331、es 水库 Reservoir停车场 Parking Lot 松闫路 Songyan Road 游步道 Touring Footpath图例 LegendDCBA1234567891011121314151817162019通往大庄科村进入主景区E主景区生态旅游规划Ecotourism Planning for the Main Scenic AreaA 保护区入口区 Entrance Region of Nature Reserve B 核心管理区 Core Management District C 停车场 Parking Lot D 主景区入口区 Entrance Region of M

332、ain Zones E 温泉度假区 Hot Spring Resort 1 保护区入口及检查站 Nature Reserve Entrance and Check Point 2 靠山屯 Kaoshan Village 3 佛峪谷宾馆区 Foyugu Hotels 4 综合管理楼 General Administrative Building 5 员工食堂 Employees Dinning-room 6 松山苑宾馆 Songshanyuan Hotel 7 保护区管理处及派出所 Management Office of Nature Reserve and Local Police Stat

333、ion 8 标本馆 Specimen Museum 9 听音阁宾馆 Tingyinge Hotel 10 消防队 Firehouse 11 标本餐厅 Specimen Restaurant 12 商店及厕所 Shop and Washroom 13 平房 Bungalow 14 塘子浴宾馆 Tangziyu Hotel 15 餐厅及厕所 Restaurant and Washroom 16 售票处 Ticket Office 17 小停车场 Small Parking Lot 18 检票处 Ticket Examiner 19 绿色驿站 Green Station 20 大停车场 Large Parking Lot765.3 解说系统规划 Guidance System Planning5.3.1 解说系统主要内容 Main Types of Guidance标识系统设计：标牌本体、图文内