1、smoked with satisfaction. My wife was delighted that things had returned to normal once more. Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. He himself has done it lots of times! Lesson79 By air 乘飞机I used to travel by air a great deal when I was a boy. My pare
2、nts, used to live in South America and I used to fly there from Europe in the holidays. An airhostess would take charge of me and I never had an unpleasant experience. I am used to travelling by air and only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened. After taking off, we were flying low over the c
3、ity and slowly gaining height, when the plane suddenly turned round and flew back to the airport. While we were waiting to land, an air-hostess told us to keep calm and to get off the plane quietly as soon as it had touched down. Everybody on board was worried and we were curious to find out what ha
4、d happened. Later we learnt that there was a very important person on board. The police had been told that a bomb had been planted on the plane. After we had landed, the plane was searched thoroughly. Fortunately, nothing was found and five hours later we were able to take off again.Lesson80 The Cry
5、stal Palace 水晶宫Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the Crystal Palace, which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851. The Crystal Palace was different from all other buildings in the world, for it was made of iron and glass. It was one of the biggest
6、 buildings of all time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it. A great many goods were sent to the exhibition from various parts of the world. There was also a great deal of machinery on display. The most wonderful piece of machinery on show was Nasmyths steam hammer. Though in those
7、 days, travelling was not as easy as it is today, steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the Channel from Europe. On arriving in England, they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train. There were six million visitors in all, and the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums a
8、nd colleges. Later, the Crystal Palace was moved to South London. It remained one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936.Lesson81 Escape 脱逃When he had killed the guard, the prisoner of war quickly dragged him into the bushes. Working rapidly in the darkness, he soo
9、n changed into the dead mans clothes. Now, dressed in a blue uniform and with a rifle over his shoulder, the prisoner marched boldly up and down in front of the camp. He could hear shouting in the camp itself. Lights were blazing and men were running here and there: they had just discovered that a p
10、risoner had escaped. At that moment, a large black car with four officers inside it, stopped at the camp gates. The officers got out and the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed. When they had gone, the driver of the car came towards him. The man obviously wanted to talk. He was ra
11、ther elderly with grey hair and clear blue eyes. The prisoner felt sorry for him, but there was nothing else he could do. As the man came near, the prisoner knocked him to the ground with a sharp blow. Then, jumping into the car, he drove off as quickly as he could. Lesson82 Monster or fish? 是妖还是鱼？F
12、ishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. Though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen, it is now known that many of these monsters which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish. Occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore, but they a
13、re rarely caught out at sea. Some time ago, however, a peculiar fish was caught near Madagascar. A small fishing-boat was carried miles out to sea by the powerful fish as it pulled on the line. Realizing that this was no ordinary fish, the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way. Whe
14、n it was eventually brought to shore, it was found to be over thirteen feet long. It had a head like a horse, big blue eyes, shining silver skin, and a bright red tail, The fish, which has since been sent to a museum where it is being examined by a scientist, is called an oarfish. Such creatures hav
15、e rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet.Lesson83 After the elections 大选之后The former Prime Minister, Mr Wentworth Lane, was defeated in the recent elections. He is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad. My friend, Crawley, has always been a fanatical
16、 opponent of Mr Lanes Radical Progressive Party. After the elections, Crawley went to the former Prime Ministers house. When he asked if Mr Lane lived there, the policeman on duty told him that since his defeat, the ex-Prime Minister had gone abroad. On the following day, Crawley went to the house a
17、gain. The same policeman was just walking slowly past the entrance, when Crawley asked the same question. Though a little suspicious this time, the policeman gave him the same answer. The day after, Crawley went to the house once more and asked exactly the same question. This time, the policeman los
18、t his temper. I told you yesterday and the day before yesterday, he shouted, Mr Lane was defeated in the elections. He has retired from political life and gone to live abroad ! I know, answered Crawley, but I love to hear you say it ! Lesson84 On strike 罢工Busmen have decided to go on strike next wee
19、k. The strike is due to begin on Tuesday. No one knows how long it will last. The busmen have stated that the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about pay and working conditions. Most people believe that the strike will last for at least a week. Many owners of private cars are g
20、oing to offer free rides to people on their way to work. This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent. Meanwhile, a number of university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts. All the young men are expert drivers, but before they drive any of the buses, they will
21、 have to pass a special test. The students are going to take the test in two days time. Even so, people are going to find it difficult to get to work. But so far, the public has expressed its gratitude to the students in letters to the Press. Only one or two people have objected that the students wi
22、ll drive too fast!Lesson85 Never too old to learn 活到老学到老I have just received a letter from my old school informing me that my former head- master, Mr Regmald Page, will be retiring next week. Pupils of the school, old and new, will be sending him a present to mark the occasion. All those who have co
23、ntributed towards the gift will sign their names in a large album which will be sent to the headmasters home. We shall all remember Mr Page for his patience and understanding and for the kindly encouragement he gave us when we went so unwillingly to school. A great many former pupils will be attendi
24、ng a farewell dinner in his honour next Thursday. It is a curious coincidence that the day before his retirement, Mr Page will have been teaching for a total of forty years. After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening. For him, this will be an entirely new hobby. But this does not matt
25、er, for, as he has often remarked, one is never too old to learn. Lesson86 Out of control 失控As the man tried to swing the speed-boat round, the steering-wheel came away in his hands. He waved desperately to his companion, who had been water-skiing for the last fifteen minutes. Both men had hardly ha
26、d time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violent1y into the sea. The speed-boat had struck a buoy, but it continued to move very quickly across the water. Both men had just begun to swim towards the shore. when they noticed with dismay that the speed-boat was moving in a circle. It
27、 now came straight towards them at tremendous speed. In less than a minute, it roared past them only a few feet away. After it had passed, they swam on as quickly as they could because they knew that the boat would soon return. They had just had enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again
28、completed a circle. On this occasion, however, it had slowed down considerably. The petrol had nearly all been used up. Before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water.Lesson87 A perfect alibi 极好的不在犯罪现场的证据At the time the murder was committed, I was trave
29、lling on the 8.0 oclock train to London, said the man.Do you always catch such an early train ? asked the inspector.Of course I do, answered the man. I must be at work at 10.0 oclock. My employer will confirm that I was there on time. Would a later train get you to work on time ? asked the inspector
30、. I suppose it would, but I never catch a later train.At what time did you arrive at the station ?At ten to eight. I bought a paper and waited for the train.And you didnt notice anything unusual ? Of course not.I suggest, said the inspector, that you are not telling the truth. I suggest that you did
31、 not catch the 8.0 oclock train, but that you caught the 8.25 which would still get you to work on time. You see, on the morning of the murder, the 8.0 oclock train did not run at all. It broke down at Ferngreen station and was taken off the line.Lesson88 Trapped in a mine 困在矿井里Six men have been tra
32、pped in a mine for seventeen hours. If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. However, rescue operations are proving difficult. If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side
33、of the mine. They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. Meanwhile, a microphone, which w
34、as lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with the closest relatives. Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. If they knew ho
35、w difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart. Lesson89 A slip of the tongue 口误People will do anything to see a free show-even if it is a bad one. When the news got round that a variety show would be presented at our local cinema by the P. and U. Bird Seed Company, we all
36、rushed to see it. We had to queue for hours to get in and there must have been several hundred people present just be- fore the show began. Unfortunately, the show was one of the dullest we have ever seen. Those who failed to get in need not have felt disappointed as many of the artistes who should
37、have appeared did not come. The only funny things we heard that evening came from the advertiser at the beginning of the programme. He was obviously very nervous and for some minutes stood awkwardly before the microphone. As soon as he opened his mouth, everyone burst out laughing. We all know what
38、the poor man should have said, but what he actually said was: This is the Poo and Ee Seed Bird Company. Good ladies, evening and gentlemen !lesson90 Whats for supper ？ 晚餐吃什么？Though Brazil is one of the richest countries in the world, much of it has not yet been developed. It was mainly for this reas
39、on that the Brazilian government decided to have a new city built 600 miles north-west of Rio de Janeiro. Designed by the great architect Lucio Costa, the new city, Brasilia, replaced Rio de Janeiro as the capital of Brazif in 1960. Brasilia has been carefully planned for modern living. Its wide roa
40、ds, which can take fourteen lanes of traffic, have been keptaway from living areas. Children do not have to cross busy streets to go to school. Housewives can visit-shopping centres on foot, for in these specially designed living areas, cars are unnecessary. At first, the government had great diffic
41、ulty in persuading people to leave Rio and to settle in Brasilia. Since 1960, however, the population has been growing all the time. Brasilia has quickly established itself as the capital of the country. The idea to have the capital moved so far inland will have a great effect on the future of Brazi
42、l.Lesson91 Three men in a basket 三人同篮A pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a Royal Air Force Station nearby. He informed the station at once, but no one there was able to explain the mystery. The officer in the control tower was very angry when he heard the news, because balloons c
43、an be a great danger to aircraft. He said that someone might by spying on the station and the pilot was ordered to keep track of the strange object. The pilot managed to circle the balloon for some time. He could make out three men in a basket under it and one of them was holding field-glasses. When
44、 the balloon was over the station, the pilot saw one of the men taking photographs. Soon afterwards, the balloon began to descend and it landed near an airfield. The police were called in, but they could not arrest anyone, for the basket contained two Members of Parliament and the Commanding Officer
45、 of the station! As the Commanding Officer explained later, one half of the station did not know what the other half was doing ! Lesson92 Asking for trouble 自找麻烦It must have been about two in the morning when I returned home. I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the door-bell, but she was fast asle
46、ep, so I got a ladder from the shed in the garden, put it against the wall, and began climbing towards the bedroom window. I was almost there when a sarcastic voice below said, I dont think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night.I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a
47、policeman. I immediately regretted answering in the way I did, but I said, I enjoy cleaning windows at night.So do I, answered the policeman in the same tone. Excuse my interrupting you. I hate to interrupt a man when hes busy working, but would you mind coming with me to the station ? Well, Id pref
48、er to stay here, I said. You see, Ive forgotten my key.Your what ? he called.My key, I shouted. Fortunately, the shouting woke up my wife who opened the window just as the policeman had started to climb towards me.Lesson93 A noble gift 崇高的礼物One of the most famous monuments in the world, the Statue o
49、f Liberty, was presented to the United States of America in the nineteenth century by the people of France. The great statue, which was designed by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi, took ten years to complete. TheXX市人民医院建设工程项目可行性研究报告Calais. No one noticed the boy as he crept off. From there, he hitch-
50、hiked to Paris in a lorry. The driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre of Paris as he hoped it would, but to Perpignan on the French-Spanish border. There he was picked up by a policeman and
51、sent back to England by the local authorities. He has surely set up a record for the thousands of boys who dream of evading school.Lesson74 Out of the limelight 舞台之外An ancient bus stopped by a dry river bed and a party of famous actors and actresses got off. Dressed in dark glasses and old clothes,
52、they had taken special precautions so that no one should recognize them. But as they soon discovered, disguises can sometimes be too perfect.This is a wonderful place for a picnic, said Gloria Gleam. It couldnt be better, Gloria, Brinksley Meers agreed. No newspaper men, no film fans! Why dont we co
53、me more often ? Meanwhile, two other actors, Rockwall Slinger and Merlin Greeves, had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees. When they had all made themselves comfortable, a stranger appeared. He looked very angry. Now you gut out of here, all of you! he shouted: Im sheriff
54、 here. Do you see that notice ? It says No Camping-in case you cant read ! Look, sheriff, said Rockwall, dont be too hard on us. Im Rockwall Slinger and this is Merlin Greeves. Oh, is it ? said the sheriff with a sneer. Well, Im Brinksley Meers, and my other name is Gloria Gleam. Now you get out of
55、here fast !lesson75 SOS 呼救信号When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. The only passengers, a young woman and her two baby daughters, were unhurt. It was the middle of winter. Snow lay thick on the ground. The woman knew that the
56、 nearest village was miles away. When it grew dark. she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. During the night, it got terribly cold. The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case hers
57、elf, but it was too small. Early ,next morning she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. Then she had an idea. She stamped out the letters SOS in the snow. Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. It was not long before a
58、helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.Lesson76 April Fools Day 愚人节To end our special news bulletin, said the voice of the television announcer, we are taking you to the macaroni fields of Calabria. Macaroni has been grown in this area for over six hundred years.
59、Two of the leading growers, Giuseppe Moldova and Ricardo Brabante, tell me that they have been expecting a splendid crop this year and harvesting has begun earlier than usual. Here you can see two workers who, between them, have just finished cutting three cart-loads of golden brownmacaroni stalks.
60、The whole village has been working day and night gathering and threshing this years crop before the September rains. On the right, you can see Mrs Brabante herself. She has been helping her husband for thirty years now. Mrs Brabante is talking to the manager of the local factory where the crop is pr
61、ocessed. This last scene shows you what will happen at the end of the harvest : the famous Calabrian macaroni-eating competition ! Signor Fratelli, the present champion, has won it every year since 1961. And that ends our special bulletin for today, Thursday, April 1st. We are now returning you to t
62、he studio.Lesson77 A successful operation 一例成功的手术The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation. The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer in the Temple of Thebes. As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying t
63、o find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. The only way to do this was to operate. The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of the hard resin which covered the skin. The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. They als
64、o found something which the X-ray of the god Duamutef. This god which has the head of a cow was normally placedinside a mummy. The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died. They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. The mummy
65、successfully survived the operation. Lesson78 The last one? 最后一枝吗？After reading an article entitled Cigarette Smoking and Your Health I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. I smoked with concentration and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last cigarette. For a whole week I did not smoke at
66、all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly. I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. My friends kept on offering me cigarettes and cigars. They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pock
67、et. After seven days of this I went to a party. Everybody around me was smoking and I felt extremely uncomfortable. When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was more than I could bear. I took one guiltily, lit it and smoked with satisfaction. My wife was delighted that things had
68、returned to normal once more. Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. He himself has done it lots of times! Lesson79 By air 乘飞机I used to travel by air a great deal when I was a boy. My parents, used to live in South America and I used to fly there from
69、Europe in the holidays. An airhostess would take charge of me and I never had an unpleasant experience. I am used to travelling by air and only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened. After taking off, we were flying low over the city and slowly gaining height, when the plane suddenly turned ro
70、und and flew back to the airport. While we were waiting to land, an air-hostess told us to keep calm and to get off the plane quietly as soon as it had touched down. Everybody on board was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened. Later we learnt that there was a very important pers
71、on on board. The police had been told that a bomb had been planted on the plane. After we had landed, the plane was searched thoroughly. Fortunately, nothing was found and five hours later we were able to take off again.Lesson80 The Crystal Palace 水晶宫Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the ni
72、neteenth century was the Crystal Palace, which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851. The Crystal Palace was different from all other buildings in the world, for it was made of iron and glass. It was one of the biggest buildings of all time and a lot of people from many countries c
73、ame to see it. A great many goods were sent to the exhibition from various parts of the world. There was also a great deal of machinery on display. The most wonderful piece of machinery on show was Nasmyths steam hammer. Though in those days, travelling was not as easy as it is today, steam boats ca
74、rried thousands of visitors across the Channel from Europe. On arriving in England, they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train. There were six million visitors in all, and the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges. Later, the Crystal Palace was moved to South London
75、. It remained one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936.Lesson81 Escape 脱逃When he had killed the guard, the prisoner of war quickly dragged him into the bushes. Working rapidly in the darkness, he soon changed into the dead mans clothes. Now, dressed in a blue uni
76、form and with a rifle over his shoulder, the prisoner marched boldly up and down in front of the camp. He could hear shouting in the camp itself. Lights were blazing and men were running here and there: they had just discovered that a prisoner had escaped. At that moment, a large black car with four
77、 officers inside it, stopped at the camp gates. The officers got out and the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed. When they had gone, the driver of the car came towards him. The man obviously wanted to talk. He was rather elderly with grey hair and clear blue eyes. The prisoner fe
78、lt sorry for him, but there was nothing else he could do. As the man came near, the prisoner knocked him to the ground with a sharp blow. Then, jumping into the car, he drove off as quickly as he could. Lesson82 Monster or fish? 是妖还是鱼？Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in th
79、e sea. Though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen, it is now known that many of these monsters which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish. Occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore, but they are rarely caught out at sea. Some time ago, however, a peculiar
80、fish was caught near Madagascar. A small fishing-boat was carried miles out to sea by the powerful fish as it pulled on the line. Realizing that this was no ordinary fish, the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way. When it was eventually brought to shore, it was found to be over th
81、irteen feet long. It had a head like a horse, big blue eyes, shining silver skin, and a bright red tail, The fish, which has since been sent to a museum where it is being examined by a scientist, is called an oarfish. Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six h
82、undred feet.Lesson83 After the elections 大选之后The former Prime Minister, Mr Wentworth Lane, was defeated in the recent elections. He is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad. My friend, Crawley, has always been a fanatical opponent of Mr Lanes Radical Progressive Party. After the elect
83、ions, Crawley went to the former Prime Ministers house. When he asked if Mr Lane lived there, the policeman on duty told him that since his defeat, the ex-Prime Minister had gone abroad. On the following day, Crawley went to the house again. The same policeman was just walking slowly past the entran
84、ce, when Crawley asked the same question. Though a little suspicious this time, the policeman gave him the same answer. The day after, Crawley went to the house once more and asked exactly the same question. This time, the policeman lost his temper. I told you yesterday and the day before yesterday,
85、 he shouted, Mr Lane was defeated in the elections. He has retired from political life and gone to live abroad ! I know, answered Crawley, but I love to hear you say it ! Lesson84 On strike 罢工Busmen have decided to go on strike next week. The strike is due to begin on Tuesday. No one knows how long
86、it will last. The busmen have stated that the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about pay and working conditions. Most people believe that the strike will last for at least a week. Many owners of private cars are going to offer free rides to people on their way to work. This wi
87、ll relieve pressure on the trains to some extent. Meanwhile, a number of university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts. All the young men are expert drivers, but before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test. The students are going to take the
88、 test in two days time. Even so, people are going to find it difficult to get to work. But so far, the public has expressed its gratitude to the students in letters to the Press. Only one or two people have objected that the students will drive too fast!Lesson85 Never too old to learn 活到老学到老I have j
89、ust received a letter from my old school informing me that my former head- master, Mr Regmald Page, will be retiring next week. Pupils of the school, old and new, will be sending him a present to mark the occasion. All those who have contributed towards the gift will sign their names in a large albu
90、m which will be sent to the headmasters home. We shall all remember Mr Page for his patience and understanding and for the kindly encouragement he gave us when we went so unwillingly to school. A great many former pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in his honour next Thursday. It is a curiou
91、s coincidence that the day before his retirement, Mr Page will have been teaching for a total of forty years. After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening. For him, this will be an entirely new hobby. But this does not matter, for, as he has often remarked, one is never too old to learn
92、. Lesson86 Out of control 失控As the man tried to swing the speed-boat round, the steering-wheel came away in his hands. He waved desperately to his companion, who had been water-skiing for the last fifteen minutes. Both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown viole
93、nt1y into the sea. The speed-boat had struck a buoy, but it continued to move very quickly across the water. Both men had just begun to swim towards the shore. when they noticed with dismay that the speed-boat was moving in a circle. It now came straight towards them at tremendous speed. In less tha
94、n a minute, it roared past them only a few feet away. After it had passed, they swam on as quickly as they could because they knew that the boat would soon return. They had just had enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a circle. On this occasion, however, it had slowed dow
95、n considerably. The petrol had nearly all been used up. Before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water.Lesson87 A perfect alibi 极好的不在犯罪现场的证据At the time the murder was committed, I was travelling on the 8.0 oclock train to London, said the man.Do you alw
96、ays catch such an early train ? asked the inspector.Of course I do, answered the man. I must be at work at 10.0 oclock. My employer will confirm that I was there on time. Would a later train get you to work on time ? asked the inspector. I suppose it would, but I never catch a later train.At what ti
97、me did you arrive at the station ?At ten to eight. I bought a paper and waited for the train.And you didnt notice anything unusual ? Of course not.I suggest, said the inspector, that you are not telling the truth. I suggest that you did not catch the 8.0 oclock train, but that you caught the 8.25 wh
98、ich would still get you to work on time. You see, on the morning of the murder, the 8.0 oclock train did not run at all. It broke down at Ferngreen station and was taken off the line.Lesson88 Trapped in a mine 困在矿井里Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. If they are not brought to t
99、he surface soon they may lose their lives. However, rescue operations are proving difficult. If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. They intend to bring the men up in a special capsul
100、e. If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to k
101、eep in touch with the closest relatives. Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lo
102、se heart. Lesson89 A slip of the tongue 口误People will do anything to see a free show-even if it is a bad one. When the news got round that a variety show would be presented at our local cinema by the P. and U. Bird Seed Company, we all rushed to see it. We had to queue for hours to getsmoked with sa
103、tisfaction. My wife was delighted that things had returned to normal once more. Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. He himself has done it lots of times! Lesson79 By air 乘飞机I used to travel by air a great deal when I was a boy. My parents, used to l
104、ive in South America and I used to fly there from Europe in the holidays. An airhostess would take charge of me and I never had an unpleasant experience. I am used to travelling by air and only on one occasion have I ever felt frightened. After taking off, we were flying low over the city and slowly
105、 gaining height, when the plane suddenly turned round and flew back to the airport. While we were waiting to land, an air-hostess told us to keep calm and to get off the plane quietly as soon as it had touched down. Everybody on board was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened. La
106、ter we learnt that there was a very important person on board. The police had been told that a bomb had been planted on the plane. After we had landed, the plane was searched thoroughly. Fortunately, nothing was found and five hours later we were able to take off again.Lesson80 The Crystal Palace 水晶
107、宫Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the Crystal Palace, which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851. The Crystal Palace was different from all other buildings in the world, for it was made of iron and glass. It was one of the biggest buildings of
108、all time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it. A great many goods were sent to the exhibition from various parts of the world. There was also a great deal of machinery on display. The most wonderful piece of machinery on show was Nasmyths steam hammer. Though in those days, travell
109、ing was not as easy as it is today, steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the Channel from Europe. On arriving in England, they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train. There were six million visitors in all, and the profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges. L
110、ater, the Crystal Palace was moved to South London. It remained one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936.Lesson81 Escape 脱逃When he had killed the guard, the prisoner of war quickly dragged him into the bushes. Working rapidly in the darkness, he soon changed into
111、 the dead mans clothes. Now, dressed in a blue uniform and with a rifle over his shoulder, the prisoner marched boldly up and down in front of the camp. He could hear shouting in the camp itself. Lights were blazing and men were running here and there: they had just discovered that a prisoner had es
112、caped. At that moment, a large black car with four officers inside it, stopped at the camp gates. The officers got out and the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed. When they had gone, the driver of the car came towards him. The man obviously wanted to talk. He was rather elderly w
113、ith grey hair and clear blue eyes. The prisoner felt sorry for him, but there was nothing else he could do. As the man came near, the prisoner knocked him to the ground with a sharp blow. Then, jumping into the car, he drove off as quickly as he could. Lesson82 Monster or fish? 是妖还是鱼？Fishermen and s
114、ailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. Though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen, it is now known that many of these monsters which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish. Occasionally, unusual creatures are washed to the shore, but they are rarely caug
115、ht out at sea. Some time ago, however, a peculiar fish was caught near Madagascar. A small fishing-boat was carried miles out to sea by the powerful fish as it pulled on the line. Realizing that this was no ordinary fish, the fisherman made every effort not to damage it in any way. When it was event
116、ually brought to shore, it was found to be over thirteen feet long. It had a head like a horse, big blue eyes, shining silver skin, and a bright red tail, The fish, which has since been sent to a museum where it is being examined by a scientist, is called an oarfish. Such creatures have rarely been
117、seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet.Lesson83 After the elections 大选之后The former Prime Minister, Mr Wentworth Lane, was defeated in the recent elections. He is now retiring from political life and has gone abroad. My friend, Crawley, has always been a fanatical opponent of M
118、r Lanes Radical Progressive Party. After the elections, Crawley went to the former Prime Ministers house. When he asked if Mr Lane lived there, the policeman on duty told him that since his defeat, the ex-Prime Minister had gone abroad. On the following day, Crawley went to the house again. The same
119、 policeman was just walking slowly past the entrance, when Crawley asked the same question. Though a little suspicious this time, the policeman gave him the same answer. The day after, Crawley went to the house once more and asked exactly the same question. This time, the policeman lost his temper.
120、I told you yesterday and the day before yesterday, he shouted, Mr Lane was defeated in the elections. He has retired from political life and gone to live abroad ! I know, answered Crawley, but I love to hear you say it ! Lesson84 On strike 罢工Busmen have decided to go on strike next week. The strike
121、is due to begin on Tuesday. No one knows how long it will last. The busmen have stated that the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about pay and working conditions. Most people believe that the strike will last for at least a week. Many owners of private cars are going to offer
122、free rides to people on their way to work. This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent. Meanwhile, a number of university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts. All the young men are expert drivers, but before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass
123、a special test. The students are going to take the test in two days time. Even so, people are going to find it difficult to get to work. But so far, the public has expressed its gratitude to the students in letters to the Press. Only one or two people have objected that the students will drive too f
124、ast!Lesson85 Never too old to learn 活到老学到老I have just received a letter from my old school informing me that my former head- master, Mr Regmald Page, will be retiring next week. Pupils of the school, old and new, will be sending him a present to mark the occasion. All those who have contributed towa
125、rds the gift will sign their names in a large album which will be sent to the headmasters home. We shall all remember Mr Page for his patience and understanding and for the kindly encouragement he gave us when we went so unwillingly to school. A great many former pupils will be attending a farewell
126、dinner in his honour next Thursday. It is a curious coincidence that the day before his retirement, Mr Page will have been teaching for a total of forty years. After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening. For him, this will be an entirely new hobby. But this does not matter, for, as he
127、 has often remarked, one is never too old to learn. Lesson86 Out of control 失控As the man tried to swing the speed-boat round, the steering-wheel came away in his hands. He waved desperately to his companion, who had been water-skiing for the last fifteen minutes. Both men had hardly had time to real
128、ize what was happening when they were thrown violent1y into the sea. The speed-boat had struck a buoy, but it continued to move very quickly across the water. Both men had just begun to swim towards the shore. when they noticed with dismay that the speed-boat was moving in a circle. It now came stra
129、ight towards them at tremendous speed. In less than a minute, it roared past them only a few feet away. After it had passed, they swam on as quickly as they could because they knew that the boat would soon return. They had just had enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a ci
130、rcle. On this occasion, however, it had slowed down considerably. The petrol had nearly all been used up. Before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water.Lesson87 A perfect alibi 极好的不在犯罪现场的证据At the time the murder was committed, I was travelling on the 8
131、.0 oclock train to London, said the man.Do you always catch such an early train ? asked the inspector.Of course I do, answered the man. I must be at work at 10.0 oclock. My employer will confirm that I was there on time. Would a later train get you to work on time ? asked the inspector. I suppose it
132、 would, but I never catch a later train.At what time did you arrive at the station ?At ten to eight. I bought a paper and waited for the train.And you didnt notice anything unusual ? Of course not.I suggest, said the inspector, that you are not telling the truth. I suggest that you did not catch the
133、 8.0 oclock train, but that you caught the 8.25 which would still get you to work on time. You see, on the morning of the murder, the 8.0 oclock train did not run at all. It broke down at Ferngreen station and was taken off the line.Lesson88 Trapped in a mine 困在矿井里Six men have been trapped in a mine
134、 for seventeen hours. If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. However, rescue operations are proving difficult. If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. Rescue workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. T
135、hey intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still have a long way to go. Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered int
136、o the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with the closest relatives. Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. They have been told that rescue operations are progressing smoothly. If they knew how difficult it
137、 was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart. Lesson89 A slip of the tongue 口误People will do anything to see a free show-even if it is a bad one. When the news got round that a variety show would be presented at our local cinema by the P. and U. Bird Seed Company, we all rushed to see
138、it. We had to queue for hours to get in and there must have been several hundred people present just be- fore the show began. Unfortunately, the show was one of the dullest we have ever seen. Those who failed to get in need not have felt disappointed as many of the artistes who should have appeared
139、did not come. The only funny things we heard that evening came from the advertiser at the beginning of the programme. He was obviously very nervous and for some minutes stood awkwardly before the microphone. As soon as he opened his mouth, everyone burst out laughing. We all know what the poor man s
140、hould have said, but what he actually said was: This is the Poo and Ee Seed Bird Company. Good ladies, evening and gentlemen !lesson90 Whats for supper ？ 晚餐吃什么？Though Brazil is one of the richest countries in the world, much of it has not yet been developed. It was mainly for this reason that the Br
141、azilian government decided to have a new city built 600 miles north-west of Rio de Janeiro. Designed by the great architect Lucio Costa, the new city, Brasilia, replaced Rio de Janeiro as the capital of Brazif in 1960. Brasilia has been carefully planned for modern living. Its wide roads, which can
142、take fourteen lanes of traffic, have been keptaway from living areas. Children do not have to cross busy streets to go to school. Housewives can visit-shopping centres on foot, for in these specially designed living areas, cars are unnecessary. At first, the government had great difficulty in persua
143、ding people to leave Rio and to settle in Brasilia. Since 1960, however, the population has been growing all the time. Brasilia has quickly established itself as the capital of the country. The idea to have the capital moved so far inland will have a great effect on the future of Brazil.Lesson91 Thr
144、ee men in a basket 三人同篮A pilot noticed a balloon which seemed to be making for a Royal Air Force Station nearby. He informed the station at once, but no one there was able to explain the mystery. The officer in the control tower was very angry when he heard the news, because balloons can be a great
145、danger to aircraft. He said that someone might by spying on the station and the pilot was ordered to keep track of the strange object. The pilot managed to circle the balloon for some time. He could make out three men in a basket under it and one of them was holding field-glasses. When the balloon w
146、as over the station, the pilot saw one of the men taking photographs. Soon afterwards, the balloon began to descend and it landed near an airfield. The police were called in, but they could not arrest anyone, for the basket contained two Members of Parliament and the Commanding Officer of the statio
147、n! As the Commanding Officer explained later, one half of the station did not know what the other half was doing ! Lesson92 Asking for trouble 自找麻烦It must have been about two in the morning when I returned home. I tried to wake up my wife by ringing the door-bell, but she was fast asleep, so I got a
148、 ladder from the shed in the garden, put it against the wall, and began climbing towards the bedroom window. I was almost there when a sarcastic voice below said, I dont think the windows need cleaning at this time of the night.I looked down and nearly fell off the ladder when I saw a policeman. I i
149、mmediately regretted answering in the way I did, but I said, I enjoy cleaning windows at night.So do I, answered the policeman in the same tone. Excuse my interrupting you. I hate to interrupt a man when hes busy working, but would you mind coming with me to the station ? Well, Id prefer to stay her
150、e, I said. You see, Ive forgotten my key.Your what ? he called.My key, I shouted. Fortunately, the shouting woke up my wife who opened the window just as the policeman had started to climb towards me.Lesson93 A noble gift 崇高的礼物One of the most famous monuments in the world, the Statue of Liberty, was
151、 presented to the United States of America in the nineteenth century by the people of France. The great statue, which was designed by the sculptor Auguste Bartholdi, took ten years to complete. The目 录第一章 总 论2第二章市场预测14第三章 建设规模与项目组成17第四章 场址选择18第五章 建设方案25第六章 环境保护、安全消防与节能32第七章 项目组织管理与人力资源配置36第八章项目实施进度42
152、第九章 投资估算与资金筹措43第十章 财务评价51第十一章 社会影响评价75第十二章 研究结论7897Calais. No one noticed the boy as he crept off. From there, he hitch-hiked to Paris in a lorry. The driver gave him a few biscuits and a cup of coffee and left him just outside the city. The next car the boy stopped did not take him into the centre
153、of Paris as he hoped it would, but to Perpignan on the French-Spanish border. There he was picked up by a policeman and sent back to England by the local authorities. He has surely set up a record for the thousands of boys who dream of evading school.Lesson74 Out of the limelight 舞台之外An ancient bus
154、stopped by a dry river bed and a party of famous actors and actresses got off. Dressed in dark glasses and old clothes, they had taken special precautions so that no one should recognize them. But as they soon discovered, disguises can sometimes be too perfect.This is a wonderful place for a picnic,
155、 said Gloria Gleam. It couldnt be better, Gloria, Brinksley Meers agreed. No newspaper men, no film fans! Why dont we come more often ? Meanwhile, two other actors, Rockwall Slinger and Merlin Greeves, had carried two large food baskets to a shady spot under some trees. When they had all made themse
156、lves comfortable, a stranger appeared. He looked very angry. Now you gut out of here, all of you! he shouted: Im sheriff here. Do you see that notice ? It says No Camping-in case you cant read ! Look, sheriff, said Rockwall, dont be too hard on us. Im Rockwall Slinger and this is Merlin Greeves. Oh,
157、 is it ? said the sheriff with a sneer. Well, Im Brinksley Meers, and my other name is Gloria Gleam. Now you get out of here fast !lesson75 SOS 呼救信号When a light passenger plane flew off course some time ago, it crashed in the mountains and its pilot was killed. The only passengers, a young woman and
158、 her two baby daughters, were unhurt. It was the middle of winter. Snow lay thick on the ground. The woman knew that the nearest village was miles away. When it grew dark. she turned a suitcase into a bed and put the children inside it, covering them with all the clothes she could find. During the n
159、ight, it got terribly cold. The woman kept as near as she could to the children and even tried to get into the case herself, but it was too small. Early ,next morning she heard planes passing overhead and wondered how she could send a signal. Then she had an idea. She stamped out the letters SOS in
160、the snow. Fortunately, a pilot saw the signal and sent a message by radio to the nearest town. It was not long before a helicopter arrived on the scene to rescue the survivors of the plane crash.Lesson76 April Fools Day 愚人节To end our special news bulletin, said the voice of the television announcer,
161、 we are taking you to the macaroni fields of Calabria. Macaroni has been grown in this area for over six hundred years. Two of the leading growers, Giuseppe Moldova and Ricardo Brabante, tell me that they have been expecting a splendid crop this year and harvesting has begun earlier than usual. Here
162、 you can see two workers who, between them, have just finished cutting three cart-loads of golden brownmacaroni stalks. The whole village has been working day and night gathering and threshing this years crop before the September rains. On the right, you can see Mrs Brabante herself. She has been he
163、lping her husband for thirty years now. Mrs Brabante is talking to the manager of the local factory where the crop is processed. This last scene shows you what will happen at the end of the harvest : the famous Calabrian macaroni-eating competition ! Signor Fratelli, the present champion, has won it
164、 every year since 1961. And that ends our special bulletin for today, Thursday, April 1st. We are now returning you to the studio.Lesson77 A successful operation 一例成功的手术The mummy of an Egyptian woman who died in 800 B.C. has just had an operation. The mummy is that of Shepenmut who was once a singer
165、 in the Temple of Thebes. As there were strange marks on the X-ray plates taken of the mummy, doctors have been trying to find out whether the woman died of a rare disease. The only way to do this was to operate. The operation, which lasted for over four hours, proved to be very difficult because of
166、 the hard resin which covered the skin. The doctors removed a section of the mummy and sent it to a laboratory. They also found something which the X-ray of the god Duamutef. This god which has the head of a cow was normally placedinside a mummy. The doctors have not yet decided how the woman died.
167、They feared that the mummy would fall to pieces when they cut it open, but fortunately this has not happened. The mummy successfully survived the operation. Lesson78 The last one? 最后一枝吗？After reading an article entitled Cigarette Smoking and Your Health I lit a cigarette to calm my nerves. I smoked
168、with concentration and pleasure as I was sure that this would be my last cigarette. For a whole week I did not smoke at all and during this time, my wife suffered terribly. I had all the usual symptoms of someone giving up smoking: a bad temper and an enormous appetite. My friends kept on offering m
169、e cigarettes and cigars. They made no effort to hide their amusement whenever I produced a packet of sweets from my pocket. After seven days of this I went to a party. Everybody around me was smoking and I felt extremely uncomfortable. When my old friend Brian urged me to accept a cigarette, it was
170、more than I could bear. I took one guiltily, lit it and smoked with satisfaction. My wife was delighted that things had returned to normal once more. Anyway, as Brian pointed out, it is the easiest thing in the world to give up smoking. He himself has done it lots of times! Lesson79 By air 乘飞机I used
171、 to travel by air a great deal when I was a boy. My parents, used to live in South America and I used to fly there from Europe in the holidays. An airhostess would take charge of me and I never had an unpleasant experience. I am used to travelling by air and only on one occasion have I ever felt fri
172、ghtened. After taking off, we were flying low over the city and slowly gaining height, when the plane suddenly turned round and flew back to the airport. While we were waiting to land, an air-hostess told us to keep calm and to get off the plane quietly as soon as it had touched down. Everybody on b
173、oard was worried and we were curious to find out what had happened. Later we learnt that there was a very important person on board. The police had been told that a bomb had been planted on the plane. After we had landed, the plane was searched thoroughly. Fortunately, nothing was found and five hou
174、rs later we were able to take off again.Lesson80 The Crystal Palace 水晶宫Perhaps the most extraordinary building of the nineteenth century was the Crystal Palace, which was built in Hyde Park for the Great Exhibition of 1851. The Crystal Palace was different from all other buildings in the world, for
175、it was made of iron and glass. It was one of the biggest buildings of all time and a lot of people from many countries came to see it. A great many goods were sent to the exhibition from various parts of the world. There was also a great deal of machinery on display. The most wonderful piece of mach
176、inery on show was Nasmyths steam hammer. Though in those days, travelling was not as easy as it is today, steam boats carried thousands of visitors across the Channel from Europe. On arriving in England, they were taken to the Crystal Palace by train. There were six million visitors in all, and the
177、profits from the exhibition were used to build museums and colleges. Later, the Crystal Palace was moved to South London. It remained one of the most famous buildings in the world until it was burnt down in 1936.Lesson81 Escape 脱逃When he had killed the guard, the prisoner of war quickly dragged him
178、into the bushes. Working rapidly in the darkness, he soon changed into the dead mans clothes. Now, dressed in a blue uniform and with a rifle over his shoulder, the prisoner marched boldly up and down in front of the camp. He could hear shouting in the camp itself. Lights were blazing and men were r
179、unning here and there: they had just discovered that a prisoner had escaped. At that moment, a large black car with four officers inside it, stopped at the camp gates. The officers got out and the prisoner stood to attention and saluted as they passed. When they had gone, the driver of the car came
180、towards him. The man obviously wanted to talk. He was rather elderly with grey hair and clear blue eyes. The prisoner felt sorry for him, but there was nothing else he could do. As the man came near, the prisoner knocked him to the ground with a sharp blow. Then, jumping into the car, he drove off a
181、s quickly as he could. Lesson82 Monster or fish? 是妖还是鱼？Fishermen and sailors sometimes claim to have seen monsters in the sea. Though people have often laughed at stories told by seamen, it is now known that many of these monsters which have at times been sighted are simply strange fish. Occasionall
182、y, unusual creatures are washed to the shore, but they are rarely caught out at sea. Some time ago, however, a peculiar fish was caught near Madagascar. A small fishing-boat was carried miles out to sea by the powerful fish as it pulled on the line. Realizing that this was no ordinary fish, the fish
183、erman made every effort not to damage it in any way. When it was eventually brought to shore, it was found to be over thirteen feet long. It had a head like a horse, big blue eyes, shining silver skin, and a bright red tail, The fish, which has since been sent to a museum where it is being examined
184、by a scientist, is called an oarfish. Such creatures have rarely been seen alive by man as they live at a depth of six hundred feet.Lesson83 After the elections 大选之后The former Prime Minister, Mr Wentworth Lane, was defeated in the recent elections. He is now retiring from political life and has gone
185、 abroad. My friend, Crawley, has always been a fanatical opponent of Mr Lanes Radical Progressive Party. After the elections, Crawley went to the former Prime Ministers house. When he asked if Mr Lane lived there, the policeman on duty told him that since his defeat, the ex-Prime Minister had gone a
186、broad. On the following day, Crawley went to the house again. The same policeman was just walking slowly past the entrance, when Crawley asked the same question. Though a little suspicious this time, the policeman gave him the same answer. The day after, Crawley went to the house once more and asked
187、 exactly the same question. This time, the policeman lost his temper. I told you yesterday and the day before yesterday, he shouted, Mr Lane was defeated in the elections. He has retired from political life and gone to live abroad ! I know, answered Crawley, but I love to hear you say it ! Lesson84
188、On strike 罢工Busmen have decided to go on strike next week. The strike is due to begin on Tuesday. No one knows how long it will last. The busmen have stated that the strike will continue until general agreement is reached about pay and working conditions. Most people believe that the strike will las
189、t for at least a week. Many owners of private cars are going to offer free rides to people on their way to work. This will relieve pressure on the trains to some extent. Meanwhile, a number of university students have volunteered to drive buses while the strike lasts. All the young men are expert dr
190、ivers, but before they drive any of the buses, they will have to pass a special test. The students are going to take the test in two days time. Even so, people are going to find it difficult to get to work. But so far, the public has expressed its gratitude to the students in letters to the Press. O
191、nly one or two people have objected that the students will drive too fast!Lesson85 Never too old to learn 活到老学到老I have just received a letter from my old school informing me that my former head- master, Mr Regmald Page, will be retiring next week. Pupils of the school, old and new, will be sending h
192、im a present to mark the occasion. All those who have contributed towards the gift will sign their names in a large album which will be sent to the headmasters home. We shall all remember Mr Page for his patience and understanding and for the kindly encouragement he gave us when we went so unwilling
193、ly to school. A great many former pupils will be attending a farewell dinner in his honour next Thursday. It is a curious coincidence that the day before his retirement, Mr Page will have been teaching for a total of forty years. After he has retired, he will devote himself to gardening. For him, th
194、is will be an entirely new hobby. But this does not matter, for, as he has often remarked, one is never too old to learn. Lesson86 Out of control 失控As the man tried to swing the speed-boat round, the steering-wheel came away in his hands. He waved desperately to his companion, who had been water-ski
195、ing for the last fifteen minutes. Both men had hardly had time to realize what was happening when they were thrown violent1y into the sea. The speed-boat had struck a buoy, but it continued to move very quickly across the water. Both men had just begun to swim towards the shore. when they noticed wi
196、th dismay that the speed-boat was moving in a circle. It now came straight towards them at tremendous speed. In less than a minute, it roared past them only a few feet away. After it had passed, they swam on as quickly as they could because they knew that the boat would soon return. They had just ha
197、d enough time to swim out of danger when the boat again completed a circle. On this occasion, however, it had slowed down considerably. The petrol had nearly all been used up. Before long, the noise dropped completely and the boat began to drift gently across the water.Lesson87 A perfect alibi 极好的不在
198、犯罪现场的证据At the time the murder was committed, I was travelling on the 8.0 oclock train to London, said the man.Do you always catch such an early train ? asked the inspector.Of course I do, answered the man. I must be at work at 10.0 oclock. My employer will confirm that I was there on time. Would a l
199、ater train get you to work on time ? asked the inspector. I suppose it would, but I never catch a later train.At what time did you arrive at the station ?At ten to eight. I bought a paper and waited for the train.And you didnt notice anything unusual ? Of course not.I suggest, said the inspector, th
200、at you are not telling the truth. I suggest that you did not catch the 8.0 oclock train, but that you caught the 8.25 which would still get you to work on time. You see, on the morning of the murder, the 8.0 oclock train did not run at all. It broke down at Ferngreen station and was taken off the li
201、ne.Lesson88 Trapped in a mine 困在矿井里Six men have been trapped in a mine for seventeen hours. If they are not brought to the surface soon they may lose their lives. However, rescue operations are proving difficult. If explosives are used, vibrations will cause the roof of the mine to collapse. Rescue
202、workers are therefore drilling a hole on the north side of the mine. They intend to bring the men up in a special capsule. If there had not been a hard layer of rock beneath the soil, they would have completed the job in a few hours. As it is, they have been drilling for sixteen hours and they still
203、 have a long way to go. Meanwhile, a microphone, which was lowered into the mine two hours ago, has enabled the men to keep in touch with the closest relatives. Though they are running out of food and drink, the men are cheerful and confident that they will get out soon. They have been told that res
204、cue operations are progressing smoothly. If they knew how difficult it was to drill through the hard rock, they would lose heart. Lesson89 A slip of the tongue 口误People will do anything to see a free show-even if it is a bad one. When the news got round that a variety show would be presented at our
205、local cinema by the P. and U. Bird Seed Company, we all rushed to see it. We had to queue for hours to get第一章 总 论第一节 项目背景项目名称：XX市人民医院建设工程建设性质：新建承办单位：XX市卫生局项目负责人：一、XX市概况XX全称“XX”，系蒙古语，汉语译为“热的圣水”。XX市位于吉林自治区兴安盟西北部，横跨兴安岭西南山麓，前身是兴安盟科右前旗的一个建制镇，1992年12月经自治区人民政府批准成立XX经济开发区，实行计划单列，1996年6月经国务院批准设立县级市。全市总面积7408
206、.7平方公里，辖伊尔施、白狼、五岔沟、明水河、天池五个镇和温泉、新城、林海三个街道。辖区内还有66056部队、XX林业局、五岔沟林业局、白狼林业局等县团级单位。全市人口5.6万人，是由蒙古、汉、回、满、朝鲜、达斡尔等13个民族组成的多民族聚居地区。二、城市规划1、城市性质XX市位于呼伦贝尔、锡林郭勒、科尔沁、蒙古国四大草原交汇处的大兴安岭中段，是吉林大旅游格局的重要支撑点，是吉林发展生态旅游、度假旅游的重点区域，是以旅游业为主导产业的边境口岸城市。2、城市功能XX市城市功能是国际会议论坛、冰雪运动、温泉疗养中心和国家休闲度假、火山科教、生态旅游中心；是中国东北经济区向蒙古国开放市场的门户和东北
207、亚的交通枢纽；是地区性政治、经济、文化、教育和科技信息服务中心。3、城市发展战略实施“旅游立市、旅游兴市、旅游富市、旅游强市”的发展战略，把旅游业作为支柱产业加以培养育，形成以旅游业为龙头，拉动口岸贸易和绿色特色工业快速健康发展的产业化体系，早日把XX打造成“国际知名、国内一流”的旅游城市。4、城市发展规划按照阿尔市柴河旅游区总体规划，XX市呈环型的“两带、三区、六个组团”空间结构。两带：沿哈拉哈河的滨水带状公园与沿阿尔善湿地公园构成的两条生态景观带。三区：伊尔施旧城区、XX市新城区、高档住宅区。六大组团：伊尔施旧城区行政商务组团、工人新村居住组团；XX市新城区新城区行政商务组团、新城区居住组
208、团；高档住宅区高档居住组团；湿地保护区湿地保护区组团。XX市中心城区由XX市新城区、温泉雪街、伊尔施旧城区、银江沟温泉度假中心四个部分构成，由城市主干道连接成为环状城区，沿线为景观走廊，由湿地公园、湿地保护区、森林景观带，将四个建成区串联起来。城市主干道设置城市路灯照明系统。环状城区将成为XX柴河旅游区的核心城市组团，同时也将是旅游度假、行政管理和交通服务中心。三、医疗卫生现状XX市成立比较晚，基础差，卫生事业发展缓慢，存在着医疗卫生单位多头管理、布局分散、医疗服务水平低、卫生资源欠缺和利用不尽合理等状况。全市共有医疗卫生机构9个，其中林业局职工医院3座（其中XX林业职工医院相当于中心卫生院，
209、其设施简陋陈旧，其余的林业职工医院规模还达不到乡卫生院标准）市直属卫生单位7个，XX医院（原XX镇卫生院）疾病预防控制中心、卫生监督所和妇幼保健所（无固定办公场所）、伊尔施镇、白狼镇、五岔沟镇卫生院。另外，自治区总工会工人疗养院1座 （以疗养为主），有14个村级卫生室。在上述医疗卫生单位中，共有卫生人员404人，卫生技术人员276人，其中：副主任医师1人，主治医师28人，医生总数129人，平均每千人卫生技术人员4.9人。目前，XX市范围内没有一座上规模、医疗设施齐全、医疗技术较硬的市级医院。随着XX市各项事业的蓬勃发展，XX市的医疗现状已远远满足不了XX市市民对医疗卫生保健、旅游疗养业、边贸口
210、岸卫生管理以及处理突发事件和重大疫情对医疗专业技术的需要。当地居民处在“小病硬挺、大病外出、急病没辙、发生疫情控制难”的窘境，医疗卫生问题始终困扰着当地人民群众的生产生活。四、编制依据和原则（一）编制依据1、中共中央、国务院关于卫生改革与发展的决定；2、吉林自治区党委、政府贯彻中共中央、国务院关于卫生改革与发展的决定的实施意见；3、XX柴河旅游区总体规划；4、XX市国民经济和社会发展第十一个五年计划纲要；5、投资项目可行性研究指南（电力出版社）；6、XX市人民医院建设项目建议书；7、建设单位提供的其他基础资料。（二）采用规范标准1、医院建设标准；2、综合医院医疗器械装备标准；3、医疗机构基本标
211、准；（三）编制原则1、项目建设，必须遵守国家有关经济建设的法律、法规，贯彻艰苦奋斗、勤俭建国的方针和国家发展卫生事业的方针政策，正确处理现状与发展，需要与可能的关系。2、项目建设，应坚持方便患者的原则，在满足各项功能基本需要的同时，注意改善患者的就医条件，做到功能适用、流程科学、安全卫生、经济合理。3、项目建设，应符合国家及XX市城市建设规划和卫生事业发展规划的要求，充分利用现有卫生资源，避免重复建设或过于集中。4、项目建设，应对院区一次规划，经批准后，根据需要和财力、物力等条件的不同，可一次或分期实施。5、项目建设，应符合国家现行的有关标准、规范和定额、指标的规定。（四）编制范围本可研编制范
212、围包括项目建设的必要性，市场预测、建设方案、环境评价、管理组织、投资估算、财务评价。其中建设方案按二级甲等综合医院进行设计。并根据一次规划，分期实施的原则，在医院建筑工程主体工程框架基本完成的基础上，在本可研中重点对医院的建筑工程和院内生活设施进行了估算。第二节 项目建设的必要性XX市人民医院的建设，有利于提高综合医药卫生事业的发展和防病治病服务水平，改善当地医疗条件，提高医疗水平，方便群众就医，减轻医疗负担，彻底改变当地居民“小病硬挺、水病外出、急病没辙、发生疫情控制维”的窘境，更好地为患者服务，为地方建设服务。一、项目建设是切实改善当地医疗条件，提高医疗保健水平和综合医疗能力，保证人民群众
213、身体健康的需要。XX市地处吉林兴安盟东北部，位于祖国的北部边疆。由于XX设市较晚，基础较差，加之历史的原因和地理环境因素，XX市的经济社会发展远远落后于内蒙其它地区，更无法与内地和沿海地区相比。特别是医疗卫生事业资源只能勉强达到初级卫生保健贫困型标准。XX市境内现无二级以上综合医院，因缺医少药、医疗卫生条件差和群众的不良卫生习惯及气候条件等各种原因，XX的各类多发病和常见病长期得不到有效控制，严重影响了当地人民群众的身体健康。XX目前的医疗卫生设施条件不仅同自治区其它盟市的旗县无法相比，就是同盟内其它旗县市相比差距也很大，从医疗设备、医疗环境设施、技术水平上都落后很多，根本无法满足人民群众基本
214、的医疗要求和应急需要。根据国家有关政策，各级政府所在地必须要有一所与其相对应的公有综合性医院来担负医疗保健等社会职能。为给当地人民群众提供可靠的医疗保障，更好地发挥医疗机构救死扶伤、保障健康的作用，根据XX卫生事业发展的要求，通过实施本项目，建立一座综合的专业较齐全的、特色突出的现代化医院，对于改善XX地区的医疗卫生条件，提高医疗保健水平，保证当地人民群众身体健康，不仅十分必要，而且也十分紧迫。二、项目建设是坚持以人为本，进一步整合医疗卫生资源，构建和谐社会，促进全面发展的需要。XX设市近十年来，经济发展和各项事业得到长足的进步，但由于各种历史的、客观的因素，事关人民人体健康的医疗卫生事业发展
215、缓慢，基本上还处于设市之前的状况，同经济和其它事业发展很不相称。目前，全市主要医疗保障还靠当地林业企业医院来承担，仍没有一家设施较齐全，功能完备的市级医院，且存在医疗卫生单位多头管理，布局分散，医疗卫生资源欠缺和利用不合理等状况，使当地群众深受“看病难”之苦，要求尽快改善医疗条件的呼声越来越高，医疗卫生条件差，人民群众看病难已成为困扰当地经济社会协调发展的严重问题。由此可见，建设XX市人民医院项目，对于合理配置当地卫生资源，方便群众就医，提高生活质量，促进社会稳定，提供有效的医疗保障都是十分必要的。三、项目建设是旅游城市发展的需要XX市的产业发展定位主要为旅游业，特别是2005年初自治区将XX
216、旅游业纳入“XX柴河旅游区”建设发展规划整体推进后，XX旅游业发展迎来了新的机遇，将会有一个大发展。届时，到XX旅游休闲、度假的外来游客将会成倍增多。但以XX目前的医疗卫生条件，显然是无法满足快速发展的旅游业需要的。为此，立即着手兴建XX人民医院，不仅是保障当地人民群众生命健康的需要，也是保证外来旅游人员能有一个良好的就医条件，塑造旅游城市良好形象，促进旅游业健康、快速发展的需要。同时，该项目建设还可提高当地医院的综合素质，应对突发事件救护和重大疫情防治能力得到增强，为旅游城市卫生安全提供保障。四、项目建设是提高医疗技术水平，促进科技进步的需要。随着社会的进步，人民生活水平的提高，对疾病医疗诊
217、治水平的要求越来越高。同时，疾病种类的不断增加，也给医务工作提出了新的挑战。近年来，疾病并发症病率逐渐提高，一些疾病的前期症状往往不是由于一种病情产生，有些病症显出突发的不明原因性，传统的诊断方法不能准确判断，容易造成误诊和错诊，由于缺少必要的设备，医生只能让患者转诊。当前，肿瘤病、心脑血管病、意外伤害患者人数不断上升，这些治疗都需要先进设备诊断和救治。同时医疗行业是技术积累和技术创新非常突出的领域，先进的设备对于医学的科研究提供了必要的条件，对于推广先进技术促进作用巨大。此项目的建设和技术装备水平的提高会加快科研的开拓，促进医学科技进步。五、项目建设可使XX患者就近就医，减轻群众负担，增加社
218、会效益。从XX周边布局上看，XX周围近200公里范围内没有一座二级以上医院。XX人民医院的建设，对于因缺乏先进设备而不得不转移的患者，一方面减少对危重患者及时救助的延误，使患者减轻痛苦；另一方面也减少了患者留驻外地诊疗而造成的不必要的经济负担。XX属中西部少数民族边疆欠发达地区，目前，当地群众许多不是很难重的病人都要到外地治疗，加重了病人的负担，影响了原本就欠发达地区人民生活达小康的进程。今后人们生活费用的组成，恩格尔系数降低，医疗费用加大，老龄人口的比率加大。难重病比例加大，这就要求尽快建设一座二级甲等医院，从而满足最基本的医疗保障，适应医疗卫生事业发展的需要。综上所述，建设XX人民医院项目
219、，从而满足当地医疗、保健、救治、防疫、科研的需要，对于促进群众身体健康，推动经济发展和社会进步，不仅是完全必要的，而且势在必行。 第三节 项目概况 一、项目建设地点 该项目拟建设在XX市新城区。 二、建设规模与目标 该项目建设规模为150张床位。建设目标为二级甲等医院。 三、项目主要建设条件 1、符合地区规划要求。本项目拟在XX市新城区建设，该项目已列入兴安盟卫生事业发展规划纲要。 2、市场容量大。XX市属少数民族边疆地区，距周边大城市较远，另外，XX是旅游城市，外来人口多。本项目建设，既完善了XX市的医疗服务体系，又吸引本地及周边地区的病员到医院就诊，还可满足游客的医疗需求。 3、交通运输便
220、利。项目所在XX新城区，地理位置优越，铁路、公路交通便利，距离即将开工建设的XX支线机场不到10公里，有利于患者就医。 4、城市依托条件好。本项目公用工程、辅助设施及后勤服务基本依托XX市，可加快项目建设进度，节省投资。 四、总投资及资金来源10 该项目计划总投资4000万元人民币，其中申请外国贷款2800万元（400万美元），地方自筹2000万元。五、项目效益 正常年份，年实现营业收入1635万元，实现利润387.93万元(以第4年为例)，项目财务内部收益率11.66。 第四节 主要技术经济指标详见主要技术经济指标表1一l。主要技术经济指标表表11序号项 目单位数 量备注1占地面积80002
221、建设规模床1503建筑面积60004总投资万元40005资金来源万元40005.1申请外国贷款万元2800400万美元5.2自 筹万元12006营业收入万元1635第4年7利润总额万元387.93第4年8财务内部收益率%11.66 第五节 问题与建议 一、本项目属于社会公益性项目，其资金来源主要靠国家投资和地方自筹解决。由于地方财力有限，申请国家投资能否成功，成为该项目建设的关键。 二、建议XX市卫生局成立高效、精干的项目工作团队j争取项目的实施，早见效。设计中应充分考虑城市居住人口与外来旅游人员的就医需要。考虑城市居住人口与外来旅游人员的就医需要。第二章市场预测第一节 市场现状分析目前，XX
222、市范围内的医疗卫生机构依据其管理机构不同而分为市直属卫生单位和林业企业职工医院。辖区内尚没有一家综合性医院。一、医疗设施总体上XX市城区各类医疗卫生机构设施很差，尚没有一家医院拥有CT和彩色B超等设备，更谈不上核磁共振等先进的设备。仅境内较大XX林业局职工医院有普通B超设备，开放床为30张，相当于中心卫生院，其设施陈旧简陋，急待更新。其余两家林业职工医院的规模设施还达不到正常乡镇卫生院标准；现XX医院（原镇卫生院）因投入严重不足，医疗设施更差。可见，XX市整体医疗设施是十分落后的。二、医疗技术水平XX市设立较晚，医疗卫生事业发展缓慢，而且存在着医疗卫生单位多头管理，布局分散，医疗技术服务水平低
223、，卫生资源配置不 合理等状况。全市各类卫生人员404名，卫生技术人员276人，其中副主任医师1人，主治医师28人，医生总数129人，平均每千人卫生技术人员不到5人。由于医院规模小，医疗设施差，医疗技术水平有限，导致当地多数患者不得不到外地就医看病。三、业务情况由于XX市医疗机构设施条件差，医疗力量薄弱，服务质量、管理水平及配套设施跟不上业务发展要求，患者及家属怨声载道。“看病难”已成为当地一大社会问题。而业务量明显不足，业务收入较少，医疗设施、服务水平得不到提高，反过来又影响 了其业务发展，形成了一种恶性循环。通过以上分析可以看出，目前XX城区医院在医疗设备、技术水平、服务质量上都远不能适应旅
224、游城市发展的需要。第二节 市场预测一、市场容量分析及预测1、XX市人均年医疗保健消费性支出量近年来，随着人口老龄化和人们对健康重视程度的增强，随着居民收入和生活水平的大幅度提高，人们对医疗保健的需求日趋旺盛。在人们的消费性支出中，医疗保健的支出所占的比重越来越高，据2007年XX市统计年鉴，XX市城镇居民的年人均医疗保健支出由2000年的108.7元上升到2007年的266.6元，占消费性支出的比例由2000年的2.8上升到2007年的4.3。本可行性研究对XX市人均医疗保健性支出作了预测，预计XX市可达320元/人年。2、XX市人口预测（1）常驻人口预测XX市现有常驻人口5.6万人，到202
225、0年预计可达10万人。（2）旅游人数预测根据XX柴河旅游区总体规划，到2020年到XX旅游人数预计将达到100万人次。3、业务量预测据统计资料和预测数据到2020年XX市人民医院门诊病人可达6万人次/年，住院病人可达2万人/年。第三章 建设规模与项目组成第一节 建设规模该项目建设规模为建成150张床位的综合性医院，建筑总面积6000平方米。第二节 项目组成该项目建设工程包括急诊部、门诊部、住院部、医技部、保障系统、行政管理、院内生活和设备采购两部分组成。第三节 主要建设内容该项目建设内容包括： 1、急 诊 部：200平方米；2、门 诊 部：800平方米；3、住 院 部：2000平方米；4、医技
226、科室：1600平方米；5、保障系统用房：700平方米；6、行政管理用房：300平方米；7、院内生活用房：400平方米；8、垃圾站一座；9、污水处理站一座；10、购置医疗设备198台（套）。 第四章 场址选择第一节 场址选择原则一、交通方便。应选适当邻近城市道路，位置比较适中，便于居民就近医疗的场址。二、环境安静。远离噪声源，避开闹市区、车站、空港、靶场、屠宰场等地，应有良好的空气质量，绿化植被条件，远离垃圾、污水处理场和有烟尘污染的场地。场地应利于排水，地下水水位较低，利于采光通风。三、接近管线。最好能就近利用城市公用设施，有良好充沛的供电、供水、供气和电讯线路，能两路供电。能方便利用城市地下
227、水道系统。四、用地完整。场地有较大的缓坡或台地，长宽比例适当，一般不超过5:3，以利布置，有安排发展用地和生活用地的可能性。五、注意发展。要特别关注城市道路发展规划及其对医院产生的正面和负面影响，以便在设计规划中采取对策。第二节 建设地点和地理位置该项目拟建在XX市新城区。XX市位于吉林自治区东北部，兴安盟西北端，地处大兴安岭山脉中段，地理坐标为东经1195112257，北纬47554947。东邻呼伦贝尔市的扎兰屯市，西与锡林郭勒盟及蒙古国接壤，北与呼伦贝尔市新马尔虎左旗、鄂温克旗毗邻，南与兴安盟科右前旗相接。第三节 场址建设条件一、自然条件1、气候条件XX市地处北温带，横跨大兴安岭南北坡，属
228、高纬度寒温带大陆性季风气候，夏季受太平洋暖气流影响，天气晴朗湿润，气候宜人；冬季受西伯利亚严寒流侵袭，气候寒冷，清晨多雪；年平均温度-3.2，年平均降水量450mm，年均蒸发量2000mm，最大冻深312cm，无霜期90天。2、工程地质、水文地质条件XX地区在地质上处于阴山天山构造带和华夏构造体系大兴安岭巨型隆起地带的复合部位。从中生代到新生代都有强烈的火山活动，由此形成典型的火山熔岩地貌。由于火山喷发，熔岩壅塞及流水的切割，造成一系列带有镶嵌性质的截头圆锥状火山、马蹄形熔渣火山堆、熔岩湖和熔岩盆地等奇特的地貌景观。规划新域区位于山谷盆地为山谷阶地地貌。场地范围地层主要为坡积与冲洪地层，主要土
229、层共分七层。第层：杂填土层黑色，多以粉质粘土为主，硬塑状态，包含物分为建筑与生活垃圾，絮状结构，无光泽反映，干强变较大，中等韧性。第层：粉质粘土层黑色，可塑状态，包含物为少量砾石与植物腐蚀根须，絮状结构，无光泽反映，干强度较大，中等韧性。第层：圆砾层黄色，卵石与砾石含量大于50，各种粒径全，级配良好，卵石呈扁圆形，砾石呈亚圆形，母岩成分多岩坚硬岩类，微风化程度。卵石多为水平排列及连续接触，骨架间多被中等风化程度的粗、中、细砂与少量粘土充填，多为全充填程度。第层：粘土含碎石层黄色，碎石合量占35左右，碎石呈棱状，碎石直接多在2060mm之间，碎石母岩成分多为浆岩类，碎石呈不连续接触，此层呈硬塑状
230、态。第层：角砾层 黄色，碎石角砾合量50，各种粒经齐全，级配良好，母岩成分多为岩浆岩类，微风化程度，骨架间多被中等风化程度的粗、中、细砂与少量粘土充填，呈中密状态。 第层：碎石层 黄色，碎石母岩成分为岩浆岩类，碎石为中等风化程度，碎石含量60以上，碎石骨架间均被粘土和少量的砂充填，此层呈稍密状态。 第层：花岗岩层 黄色，斑晶结构，块状构造，主要矿物成分的石英、长石、云母等，呈微风化程度，裂隙间均被粘土充填。 地基承载力综合评价特征值：杂填土9K120kpa，粉质粘土9K120kpa，圆砾于K350kpa，粘土含碎石9kl80kpa，角砾300kpa，碎石9K300kpa，花岗岩石层fkl000
231、kpa。 场地地下水主要埋藏在砾石层与以下岩石层中，地下水的补来源主要为降水补给与河流补给。场地地下水类型为砾石层孔隙水与岩石层裂隙水，无承压性，为潜水类型，地下水水位埋深在0.24.50m之间，雨季水期时地下水位迅速上升，其常年水位变幅约为1.5cm。场地中圆砾地层渗透系数1900.00m昼夜。地下水的流速0.23m小时。地震烈度小于6度。 二、社会经济条件近年来，XX市的国民经济取得了较大的发展，但三次产业构成的年际变化较大。2007年，XX市全市国民生产总值达4.95亿元，三次产业构成比例为25:14:61，全市人均国内生产总值8839元。 三、对外交通条件 XX市距鸟兰浩特市254公里
232、，距海拉尔市350公里，距蒙古边境20公里，市政府所在地新城区距口岸33公里。 “白一阿”线铁路从市中心穿越，“阿一伊”l8公里油路2000年全线竣工，乌兰浩特一XX公路在2001年l0月竣工通车。呼和浩特一锡林浩特一XX一海拉尔（呼一海大通道）已通车。这条“贯通东西，连接南北”的交通大动脉的开通，使XX市成为“呼海大通道”与S203公路的交汇点、旅游中心。“两山”（XX市至蒙古国的乔巴山市）铁路在联合国开发计划署和亚洲银行考察和关注下，已于2000年进行前期操作，这条铁路通车后，可形成东起图们江，西连蒙古、俄罗斯，沟通整个东北亚新的欧亚太陆桥，能有效地提高我国在东北亚地区的国际竞争力。作为西
233、出口的XX市将一跃成为“一口通七口”（满洲里、绥纷河、图们江、大连、丹东、锦州、XX）的国际交通要道。“两伊”（XX市的伊尔施至呼伦贝尔市的伊敏河）铁路已于2005年开工建设，白城一XX铁路改造工程前期工作已于200 5年正式启动，该线的畅通对改善XX市的投资环境，促进经济发展具有重大意义，而且对吉林东四盟（市）的路网形成和经济发展具有长远的战略意义；XX口岸边防公路已建成通车。XX支线机场建设项目也在积极争取立项。 四、主要建筑材料来源及施工条件 XX市建筑材料比较丰富，砂砾可在当地采购，砂砾产自市域内的哈拉哈河。水泥从乌兰浩特水泥厂采购，运输方式采用汽运。上述材料的数量和质量完全可以满足本
234、工程需要。 由于规划的新城区所占地中，部分为荒地，施工场地非常宽阔，施工用水可从阿尔善河取水，施工用电可从新城街等就近引入，施工条件良好。XX市有着多年的城市建设和管理经验，具有一批技术水平高，实力雄厚的建设队伍、工程监理和管理人才，并在施工和管理方面积累了许多宝贵经验，同时施工设备配套，机械设备齐全，能够适应城市道路建设的需要。五、基础设施条件1、给水XX市地下水资源丰富，且水质优良符合GB579485生活饮用水卫生标准。该项目供水由市自来水公司供给。2、排水该项目医疗废水经污水处理站处理，生活污水排放采取设置化粪池沉淀处理后，排入市政排污管网统一处理。3、供电XX由东北电网调度供电。该项目
235、用电，直接从供电主干线接入。4、供热该项目供热由市供热公司统一供应。5、通讯条件XX市通讯设施齐备，网通、联通、移动、传呼服务网络覆盖全市。第五章 建设方案第一节 工程方案一、设计原则1、必须坚持科学合理、节约用地的原则；2、在满足基本功能需要的同时，适当考虑未来发展；3、合理确定功能分区，病房楼的建筑布局合理，科学地组织人流和物流，避免或减少交叉感染，室内采光、色彩设计符合卫生要求。4、根据XX市的气象条件，使建筑物的朝向、间距、自然通风和院区绿化达到最佳程度，为患者提供良好的医疗环境。二、建设标准1、该项目建设，要贯彻适用、经济、在可靠条件下注意美观的原则，建筑标准根据XX市的经济条件合理
236、确定。2、建筑结构采用砖混结构。病房楼不宜设置阳台。3、建筑装修和环境设计，宜有利于患者生理、心理，体现清新、典雅、朴素的行业特点，并符合患者生理、心理和当地的民俗特点。4、主要建筑物围护结构及屋面，应符合建筑节能和防渗漏的要求，外窗应选用气密性和防水性良好的产品；有推床（车）通过的门和墙面，应采取防碰撞措施；5、内装修要符合下列规定：(1)顶棚应便于清扫、防积尘；照明宜采用吸顶灯；(2)内墙墙体不应使用易裂、易燃、不耐磁撞、不易吊挂的轻质板材；装饰材料不应使用壁纸；踢肢板应与墙面平；手术室和产房的内墙，应采用牢固、耐用、难沾污、易清洁、耐腐蚀的相宜材料并装修到顶；(3)除特殊要求外，有患者通
237、行的楼地面宜采用防滑地板铺装。(4)所有卫生洁具、洗涤池、应采用耐腐蚀、难沾污、易清洁的建筑配件。三、建筑设计建筑造型依据综合医院的建设工程规划，国家有关的规程、规范，建设单位的意见以及当地的自然条件、建筑材料、建筑构件的生产能力等因素，遵照“技术先进、经济合理、安全适用”的原则进行设计。1、设计依据(1)自然条件基本雪压 0.7KN/m2基本风压 0.3KN/m2标准冻深 3.2m地震烈度 6度地下稳定水位线：自然地面以下0.24.5m之间，雨季丰水期地下水位迅速上升，常年水位变化幅度为1.5m左右。(2)工程地质根据XX地区工程地质条件，地基承载综合评价特征值为：杂填土9K120kpa，粉
238、质粘土9K120kpa，圆砾土K350kpa，粘土含碎石9K180kpa，角砾K300kpa，碎石9K300kpa，花岗岩石层9K100kpa。（3）设计规范1）民用建筑设计通则；2）建筑地基基础设计规范（GB50072002）；3）建筑工程抗震设计规范（GB500112001）；4）建筑结构可靠度设计统一标准（GB50068-2001）；5）混凝土结构设计规范（GB50010-2002）；6）建筑结构荷载规范（GB500092001）；7）建筑设计防火规范（GBJ16-87）（2001修订本）；2、建筑设计(1)平面和空间设计平面设计以满足经营需要为主要目的，同时满足相应的规范来设置出入口，
239、车辆及人行通道，消防通道及管线，力求分区明确，人流、物流畅通。医院综合楼建筑空间以经营功能确定，建筑层数三层，室内净高为2.8米，楼房各层设计根据当地气候条件，同时考虑通风、采光、以美观适用、协调一致，整体壮观为准。(2)立面处理建筑立面造型要美观、大方、端庄、简洁、色彩明快。(3)建筑材料选用常规建材以当地生产为主，但要选用质量可靠的生产厂家，并按标准检验。装修材料从市场解决，要选择国家指定的规模较大、产品信誉好的厂家，并要有产品合格证书。(4)建筑的防火措施医院综合楼为公共场所，人员密集，人流、物流量大，在防火设计上要严格按规范及相关规定进行。建筑防火等级不低于二级，具体措施是，各楼层设置
240、防火隔离墙、隔离门、室内装修采用耐火等级为一级和二级的材料。承重墙体材料耐火等级极限不低于2.5小时的非燃烧体。按规定配备专用消防水管及灭火栓，并相应配备专用灭火器和其他灭火装置。(5)主要建筑做法1）维护承重结构采用粘土砖。2）应采用牢固、耐用、难沾污、易清洁、耐腐蚀的材料装修到顶；3）门窗为钢、铝合金、塑钢结构。4）屋面为彩色钢板，自防水，耐火等级为3级，防寒层材料加阻燃物。3、结构设计工程结构的设计原则是在安全适用、技术先进、经济合理，确保质量的前提下，方便施工，加快建设速度。本工程采用砖混结构，毛石条型基础，楼板为现浇混凝土。四、给水排水1、给水(1)用水量：医院用水为医疗、洗涤及生活
241、用水、最大用水量为15m3/n，全天用水量30m3。(2)水源：水源来自城市自来水，从市自来水供水网上引入水管至给水管系统总阀，装用水计量表。(3)配水系统，从总阀开始，用水管将自来水引入各层用水点。医院综合楼室外供水管网成枝状分布。2、消防给水根据“建筑防火规范”，医院火灾危险为丁类，同一时间内火灾次数为一次，火灾延续时间为1小时，医院内消防水量为20 m3/h。室外消防水用量为30m3/n。消防总用水量为180 m3。消防给水为城市自来水，医院自备应急水箱，各楼层安装消防栓，设于走廊宽阔处和楼梯间内，以备应急方便。3、排水医院最大排水量为15m3/n，全天排水量30m3，均为生活及洗涤用水
242、，不含有毒物质。排水采用合流制，经化粪池厌氧发酶处理，排入城市污水管网。五、采暖通风1、采暖负荷和热媒医院内采暖负荷为480KW，采暖热媒为低温热水，供水温度为95，回水温度为70。2、采暖，采用散热器取暖，采暖形式为下供下回水平串联系统，主干管敷设于地沟内，同程式布置。3、供热从城市热网接入热水管道供热。4、通风医院综合楼以自然通风为主，辅助以机械通风，楼内各层设通风口，自然调节空气流通。主要设备和技术室内设引风机换气，保证空气质量和流通。5、供电医院综合楼内用电为动力电力和照明电力设计，用电负荷为100kw，采用电压380220伏三相四线制供电，自建配电站，从镇内供电网引入10千伏自配变压
243、器引入站内，配电保护标准为710CS系统。六、建筑工程量详见建构(筑)物一览表51。建构（筑）物一览表表51序号工程名称结 构单 位数 量备 注一急 诊 部砖混m2200二门 诊 部砖混m2800三住 院 部砖混m22000四医技科室砖混m21600五保障系统砖混m2700六行政管理砖混m2300七院内生活砖混m2400八垃 圾 站座1九污水处理站座1合 计6000第二节 设备方案该项目为XX市人民医院建设工程，为使其能正常运转，需配备相应设备。详见医疗仪器设备明细表（附表）。第六章 环境保护、安全消防与节能第一节 环境保护一、项目环境现状XX市地处北温带，横跨大兴安岭南北坡，居高纬度寒温带大
244、陆性季风气候，夏季受太平洋暖气流影响，天气明朗湿润，气候宜人，冬季受西伯利亚寒流侵袭，气候寒冷。XX市人民医院拟建于XX市新城区中心，是该市人口密集区。当地冬季取暖的燃烧为主，故烟尘污染较为严重。此外，由于医院地处市中心，汽车尾气和噪声影响也成为重要的环境影响因素。二、建设项目对环境影响因素该项目为XX市人民医院工程，建筑面积6000平方米。地址在新城区周围无重大污染源，绿化面积大，空气环境好。建设项目对环境的影响主要分为两部分，即施工阶段及运行阶段对环境的影响。1、施工阶段环境影响分析施工噪声影响：施工噪声来源于各种施工机械，如施工常用的挖掘机、搅拌机、运输车辆等运转机械产生的噪声。施工环境
245、影响：项目在施工过程中产生尘土，严重影响站内环境，尤其在气候干燥、风力较大时，尘土飞扬，污染空气，影响环境质量。2、运行阶段环境影响分析项目建成后，在综合楼内将产生的生活垃圾，检验室也将产生少量废液、废水，这些对环境有一定的影响。三、项目建设阶段环境保护措施施工过程中应合理安排施工时间，并且尽量在居民休息时不使用大噪声的机械设备。在施工中采用遮盖措施避免扬尘，严重时可采用湿式作业。四、项目运行阶段的环境保护项目建成后，人群相对集中，除楼内设计垃圾通道外，楼道内要设若干垃圾箱，及时清理，加大环境清洁管理力度。生活、检验废水经化粪池处理后排入城市排水管网。对工作中产生的垃圾严格进行消毒处理，对被污
246、染过的一次性医疗用品、卫生用品都要销毁、消毒、焚化，以防对外界造成污染。第二节 消防与劳动安全一、编制依据与原则本项目建筑面积6000平方米，其周边无重大火灾险源。项目建设要严格按照国家有关消防规范进行，必须认真贯彻“预防为主、防消结合”的消防方针。消防设计主要依据为建筑设计防火规范（GBJ16-87）（2001修订本）；。二、消防措施1、建筑设计本建筑耐火等级为二级，在建筑造型及结构布置上充分考虑消防因素，楼内设有楼梯一处，楼梯设置及楼门宽度应充分考虑人员疏散。2、消防系统楼内每层设消防栓2只，消防栓设置应保证到达该楼层各室内的任意位置。在检验室内设干粉灭火器。3、消防教育与管理要经常加强对
247、职工的安全教育，提高自我保护意识，对消防设施的维护管理责任落实到人，确保消防设施系统的正常运行。三、劳动安全本项目在建设中和建成运行中要严格按照国家有关劳动安全的规定操作。努力改善工作条件和环境，加强劳动保护，以保障职工的身体健康，维护职工正常的工作、学习秩序。为此采取以下安全措施：1、施工中要严格按照安全操作规程设立安全网，电力及传动设备应设防护罩，并派专人对现场施工进行安全防范，防止无关人员进入工地。2、项目建成后，对各项设施做好安全检查，以杜绝安全隐患。必要时利用警示牌提醒注意，以确保安全。第三节 节 能一、编制依据随着我国经济飞速发展，能源供应日益紧张。节约能源是造福子孙后代的大事，也
248、是我国可持续发展战略的重要措施。本项目从工程方案设计到建筑材料，设备选型等都严格贯彻国家有关规定，使总体能耗水平有效地降低，达到规定的标准。本章编制依据为：1、国家节约能源有关法规。2、建设部颁发的民用建筑节能管理规定。二、节能措施1、建筑物造型和平面布置充分考虑采用自然光，既有益于职工和患者身心健康，又节省照明用电。2、建筑物的窗户、玻璃、屋顶及外墙采用节能保温的新型建筑材料，以利节能。3、用电设施选型采用高效节能设备，提高用电效率。4、采用节水用具，达到节约用水的目的。5、加强节能教育和管理，防止跑、冒、滴、漏。并作为一项重要的教育内容，加强节约能源教育，提高职工的节能意识。第七章 项目组
249、织管理与人力资源配置第一节 项目组织管理一、组织领导为保证XX人民医院建设项目的实施，该项目实行项目法人责任制，由XX市卫生局局长阿日木扎为项目法人。为切实加强对项目建设的领导，成立了以XX市人民政府副市长绍常翠为组长的领导小组，以协调督促项目的建设工作。二、项目管理制度在项目实施过程中，推行领导责任制、项目质量负责制、项目法人代表负责制、质量终身负责制，接受上级组织的项目前期培训，配合项目工程质量监理部门对工程进度、安全生产等进行检查并协助验收。三、施工管理措施坚持先勘察、后设计、再施工的原则，严禁搞边勘察、边设计、边施工的“三边”工程。项目建设要做好统筹安排，有计划有步骤的进行，设计工作完
250、毕、资金到位后立即进行施工。第二节 医院组织机构XX人民医院实行医院管理委员会领导下的院长负责制。医院管理委会是医院的最高权力机构，决定医院的一切重大事宜，监督医院管理机构的经营和管理工作。管委会由10名成员组成，医院设有在管委员领导和监督下负责医院日常经营和管理工作的管理机构。医院设一名院长，由XX市卫生局提名，XX市政府任命，在医院管委会领导下，院长全面负责组织和领导医院的日常经营和管理工作。医院设3名副院长，由院长聘任。院长不在时，应授权一名副院长履行院长的职责，医院应设有现代化的管理机构，由办公室、设备科、财务科、人事科等4个职能部门组成。并按有关规定，设置临床科室和医技科室。每个部门
251、由一名直接向院长负责的科长（主任）主持，并各设一名副科长（主任）详见医院组织机构图71。XX市人民医院组织机构图71XX市卫生局XX市人民医院院 长人事科急诊科内科外科妇产科儿科眼科耳鼻喉科口腔科传染科皮肤科麻醉科预防保健科药剂科检验科放射科手术室病理科血库理疗科消毒供应室病案室管理科室办公室总务科财务科临床科室医技科室第三节 人力资源配置一、运营班制XX市人民医院实行24小时天连续运转，鉴于医院工作特点，运营班制主要包括：1、门诊部实行白班制；2、住院部实行四班三运转制；3、急诊部实行四班三运转制；4、辅助工作岗位为两班制；5、其他人员为白班制（必要时兼值班）。二、劳动定员数量及技能素质要求
252、医院开始运营所需职员230人，其人员构成详见劳运定员表71。劳动定员表表71序号岗 位定 员备 注1卫生技术人员156至少具有3名副主任医师以上职称的医师各专业科室的主任应具有主治医师以上职称2工程技术人员23护 士604临床营养师25管理人员10合 计230医院竣工后，管理机构将根据医院的实际需求，提出增减职员的计划，并提交管委员研究决定。对医院的工作人员，要求素质较高，既有较强的行政管理能力和技术管理能力，又要有协作精神。主要技术岗位应有临床医学大学本科以上学历。从社会上招聘职员时，应以有相应工作经历者优先。三、职工工资福利按照国家法律、法规和有关人事制度，医院与其职员签订能体现每个职员个
253、人素质（职能和责任）的个别聘任合同。所有职员的薪酬反映每个职员的职能、责任、工作业绩和表现，符合法律，并且在国内人才市场具有竞争性。可行性研究阶段，采用人均年工资福利水平为12,000元。四、员工来源及招聘方案医院在人员招聘、工资、福利以及其他与职员（除高级职员外）有关事项方面等有充分的自主权，并将就此相应建立自己的管理体制。医院院长由市卫生局提名，市委组织部考核，市政府任命。医院职员在受聘后，人事档案将送交医院，或送交政府认可的机构。所有职员需经考核合格由医院聘用。五、员工培训计划医院应尽一切努力进行人员培训工作，提高其人员素质，医院将建立高标准的培训、考核机制，以满足医院的技术、经营和管理
254、的需要。培训主要在国内进行。并根据需要，将对限定的员工在国外另行提供专门的技术培训。第八章项目实施进度第一节建设工期根据实际情况及以往经验，本项目建设期拟安排为一年。第二节 项目实施进度安排根据本项目实际情况，安排实施进度如下： 1、5-12月为项目前期工作； 2、2009年1-4月勘察设计； 3、2009年5月-l0月土建施工与设备采购；4、2009年11月-12月竣工验收。第九章 投资估算与资金筹措第一节 投资估算一、编制依据1、吉林自治区建筑工程预算定额；2、投资项目可行性研究指南（电力出版社）；3、建设项目经济评价方法与参数（第三版）；4、主要材料价格及设备价格的确定依据市场及有关厂家
255、报价。二、基础数据1、建设单位管理费：工程费用的1计算；2、工程建设监理费：工程费用的0.8计算；3、职工培训费：按设计定员的30计，培训费平均每人2000.00元；4、办公及生活家俱购置费，按设计定员，每人1000计算；5、前期工作费：按国家计委1999283号文件估列；6、勘察设计费：按国家计委、建设部计价格（2002）10号文件有关标准计算；7、工程招标费：按建筑工程及设备购置费的0.25计算；8、基本预备费按工程费用和工程建设其他费用之和的3.1计算；三、建设投资估算本估算费用包括建筑工程、设备工程等。按照建设项目经济评价方法与参数（第三版）的规定，将建设投资的估算(不含建设期利息)分
256、为工程费用、工程建设其他费用和预备费用三个部分，分别估算。工程费用又分为建筑工程费、设备及工器具购置费和安装工程费三部分。1、建筑工程费：土建工程费依据建(构)筑物工程和单位工程量造价指标估算，单位造价指标的确定参照兴安盟地区土建工程定额和近期该地区的类似工程指标，并按现行价格水平予以调整，建筑估算值为699万元。 2、设备及工器具购置费：医院设备和配电设备均采用询(投)价或参照近期同类工程的订货水平估算。估算值为2848万元（其中配电设备48万元），详见医疗仪器设备明细表（附表）3、安装工程费：安装工程费采用综合指标估算。估算值为64万元。4、工程建设其他费用：主要包括土地使用费、前期工作费
257、、建设单位管理费、勘察设计费、工程监理费、工程招投标费、职工培训费、生活购置费、住院病床购置费。估算值为269.1万元。5、基本预备费：按照工程费用和其他费用的3.1计算为119.9页元。6、建设投资：该项目建设投资为4000万元。四、流动资金估算本项目正常运行，所需资金由财政补帖和收费解决，故不核流定动资金。五、项目总投资该项目计划总投资4000万元，详见项目总投资估算表 91。 第二节 资金筹措 该项目计划总投资4000万元人民币，其中拟申请外国政府贷款2800万元人民币（约400万美元），地方配套1200万元人民币。详见投资使用计划与资金筹措表9-2 。项目总投资使用计划与资金筹措表 表
258、9-2 单位：万元序号项目名称占总投资比例合计建设期1经营期2备注121总投资100%400040001.5建设投资100%400040001.2建设期利息0%001.3流动资金0%002资金筹措100%400040002.1申请外国政府贷款52%28002800设备款400万美元2.2地方配套资金48%12001200项目总投资估算表表9-1 单位：万元序号费用名称建筑工程设备工器具购置安装工程其他费用合计技术经济指标占总投资的比例单位数量指标1工程费用699284864361190.31.1主体工程6606601.1.1急诊部222220011001.1.2门诊部888880011001.
259、1.3住院部220220200011001.1.4医技科室176176160011001.1.5保障系统777770011001.1.6行政管理333330011001.1.7院内生活444440011001.2医疗设备28006228621.3配电设备482501.4辅助工程391.4.1垃圾站99座l40000.001.4.2污水处理站3030座13000002工程建设其他费用269.1269.16.72.1前期工作费88总 投 资2项目总投资估算表续表9-1 单位：万元序号费用名称建筑工程设备工器具购置安装工程其他费用合计技术经济指标占总投资的比例单位数量指标2.2建设单位管理费36.1
260、36.1工程费用12.3勘察设计费43.343.3工程费用1.22.4工程建设监理费28.928.9工程费用0.82.5工程招标费9.09.0工程费用0.252.6职工培训费13.813.8230人302000元2.7办公及生活家俱购置费2323230人1000元/人2.8住院病床购置费99150张6002.9利用外国政府从属费用9898设备费用3.53预备费119.9119.933.1基本预备费119.9119.9万元3830.13.13.2涨价预备费004建设期贷款利息005建设投资69928486438940001006流动资金007项目总投资6992848643894000100第十章
261、 财务评价第一节 财务评价基础数据与参数选取一、医院规模根据XX市实际，选定本项目设计规模为综合病床150张。病床使用率80。二、项目计算期选取本项目计算期分为建设期、试运营期和运营期，建设期为1年，试运营期2年，运营期为18年，项目计算期为21年。三、运营负荷本项目预计建设期无负荷，试营期第一年度负荷为70%，第二年为80，正式运营期开始即为100。四、税率医院是福利性事业单位，免税，税率为零。五、年工作日本项目工作日为360天。六、收费价格住院病人每床每月按250元计算，门诊病人每人次按180元计算。七、财务基准收益率的选定参考本行业的平均收益水平并考虑项目的风险因素，确定本项目的基准收益
262、率为8。第二节 营业收入估算一、基础数据1、门急诊收入拟定医院门诊量正常年按门诊量3万人次计，每人次门诊收费按180元/人次计。2、住院人数（1）住院人数本项目根据实际确定病床使用率为80，出院病人平均住院天数为10天计，则本项目年住院人数为4380人左右。（2）住院收费按住院平均日收入250元计算。二、营业收入正常年份，医院营业收入为1635万元。1、门急诊收入540万元3万人次180元/人次540万元。2、住院部收入1095万元10天250元/日4380人次1095万元详见营业收入、税金及附加估算表101。营业收入、税金及附加估算表表101序号年份项目试营期运 营 期23456721运营负
263、荷（）70801001001001001营业收入1144.51308163516351635245251.1门 诊 部37843254054054081001.1.1门诊人数（万人次）2.12.433331.1.2门诊价格（元/人次）1801801801801801801.2住 院 部766.5876109510951095164251.2.1住院人数30663504438043804380657001.2.2平均住院天数1010101010101.2.3住院价格（元/日）2502502502502502502营业税及附加0000002.1营 业 税0000002.2城市维护建设税000000
264、2.3教育费附加000000第三节 成本费用估算一、基础数据1、原材料及动力费：按要素成本估算进行成本估算，所有原材料、辅助材料及动力价格均以现价为基础，预测到运营期初的价格。（1）药品及材料按其在总成本费用的比例测算；（2）电费：0.72元/度；（3）水费：3元/吨。2、医院职工按综合医院的临床编制，定员为230人。人均工资及福利费按12000元计算。3、本项目投资形成固定资产原值为3986.2万元。按平均年限法折旧，按20年折旧，净残值率10，则年折旧额179.38万元，净残值398.6万元。4、无形及其它资产总值13.8万元，无形资产及其它资产均按5年摊销，平均每年摊销2.76万元。5、
265、修理费。按折旧费的10计算，年修理费为17.94万元。6、其他费用。为简化计算，按营业收入的4计65.4万元。二、成本估算正常年份，该项目总成本费用1247.078万元（以第4年为例），其中固定成本541.48万元，可变成本705.59万元，经营成本1064.93万元。详见固定资产折旧费、无形及其它资产摊销估算表102，总成本费用估算表103。固定资产折旧费、无形及其它资产摊销费估算表表102 单位：万元序号项 目合计折旧率生 产 期234567891011121320211固定资产1.1原 值3986.24.53986.21.2折 旧 费179.38179.38179.38179.38179
266、.38179.38179.38179.38179.38179.38179.38179.38179.38净 值3806.823627.443448.063268.683089.32909.922730.542551.162371.782192.42013.02577.98398.62无形及其它资产2.1原 值13.82.2摊 销 费2.762.762.762.762.762.3净 值11.048.285.522.760总成本费用估算表表103序号项 目计 算 期23456789101112131415161718192021经营负荷70801001001001001001001001001001
267、001001001001001001001001001药品及卫生材料4555206506506506506506506506506506506506506506506506506506502燃料动力费38.9144.4755.5955.5955.5955.5955.5955.5955.5955.5955.5955.5955.5955.5955.5955.5955.5955.5955.5955.593工资及福利费2762762762762762762762762762762762762762762762762762762762764折 旧 费179.38179.38179.38179.38179
268、.38179.38179.38179.38179.38179.38179.38179.38179.38179.38179.38179.38179.38179.38179.38179.385修 理 费17.9417.9417.9417.9417.9417.9417.9417.9417.9417.9417.9417.9417.9417.9417.9417.9417.9417.9417.9417.946摊 销 费2.762.762.762.762.767其他费用65.465.465.465.465.465.465.465.465.465.465.465.465.465.465.465.465.465
269、.465.465.48总成本费用1035.39 1105.95 1247.07 1247.07 1247.07 1244.31 1244.31 1244.31 1244.31 1244.31 1244.31 1244.31 1244.31 1244.31 1244.31 1244.31 1244.31 1244.31 1244.31 1244.31 其中固定成本541.48541.48541.48541.48541.48538.72538.72538.72538.72538.72538.72538.72538.72538.72538.72538.72538.72538.72538.72538.
270、72可变成本493.91564.47705.59705.59705.59705.59705.59705.59705.59705.59705.59705.59705.59705.59705.59705.59705.59705.59705.59705.599经营成本853.25 923.81 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 第四节 营业利润估算正
271、常年份，本项目利润总额为387.93万元（以第4年为例），详见损益与利润分配表104。第五节 财务盈利能力分析一、静态分析指标1、全部投资利润率全部投资利润率利润总额总投资100 387.934000100 9.72、项目自有资金利润率项目自有资金利润率利润总额自有资金100 387.93553.7100 32.33二、动态分析指标项目财务净现值（ic8）1171.31万元，项目财务内部收益率为11.66，项目投资回收期为8.83年（含建设期1年）详见财务现金流量表105。第六节 借款偿还计划本项目利用外国政府贷款4000万元，贷款期20年，其中宽限期11年，还款期10年，由盟财政担保，详见借
272、款偿还计划表106。第七节 财务生存能力分析详见财务计划现金流量表107。根据财务计划现金流量表可以看出，计算期内各年现金流入均大于现金流出。因此，项目具有财务生存能力。损益和利润分配表表104序号项 目计 算 期123456789101112131415161718192021运营负荷70801001001001001001001001001001001001001001001001001001001营业收入1144.513081635163516351635163516351635163516351635163516351635163516351635163516352营业税及附加0000
273、00000000000000003总成本费用1035.391105.951247.071247.071247.071244.311244.311244.311244.311244.311244.311244.311244.311244.311244.311244.311244.311244.311244.311244.314利润总额109.11202.05387.93387.93387.93390.69390.69390.69390.69390.69390.69390.69390.69390.69390.69390.69390.69390.69390.69390.695所 得 税0000000
274、00000000000006税后利润109.11202.05387.93387.93387.93390.69390.69390.69390.69390.69390.69390.69390.69390.69390.69390.69390.69390.69390.69390.697盈余公积金10.9120.2038.7938.7938.7939.0739.0739.0739.0739.0739.0739.0739.0739.0739.0739.0739.0739.0739.0739.078公 益 金5.4610.1019.4019.4019.4019.5319.5319.5319.5319.531
275、9.5319.5319.5319.5319.5319.5319.5319.5319.5319.539可供分配利润92.74171.74329.74329.74329.74332.09332.09332.09332.09332.09332.09332.09332.09332.09332.09332.09332.09332.09332.09332.0910累计未分配利润92.74264.48594.22923.961253.701585.791917.882249.962582.052914.143246.223578.313910.404242.484574.574906.655238.7455
276、70.835902.916235.00项目财务现金流量表表105 单位：万元序号项 目计 算 期1234567891011121314151617181920211现金流入1144.51308163516351635163516351635163516351635163516351635163516351635163516352033.61.1营业收入1144.513081635163516351635163516351635163516351635163516351635163516351635163516351.2回收固定资产余值398.61.3回收流动资金1.4其他现金流入2现金流出40
277、00.00 853.25 923.81 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 2.1建设投资40002.2流动资金2.3经营成本853.25 923.81 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1
278、064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 1064.93 2.4税金及附加2.5增 值 税2.6其他现金流出3净现金流量（12）-4000.00 291.25 384.19 570.07 570.07 570.07 570.07 570.07 570.07 570.07 570.07 570.07 570.07 570.07 570.07 570.07 570.07 570.07 570.07 570.07 968.67 4累计净现金流量-4000.00 -3708.75 -3324.57 -2754.50 -2184.43 -1614.36 -1044.2
279、9 -474.22 95.85 665.92 1236.00 1806.07 2376.14 2946.21 3516.28 4086.35 4656.42 5226.49 5796.56 6366.63 7335.30 计算指标：财务净现值（i8）1171.31万元 财务内部收益率11.66 投资回收期8.83年借款偿还计划表表106 单位：万元序号项 目计 算 期1234567891011121314151617181920211借 款1.1年初本息余额400040004000400040004000400040004000400040003600320028002400200016001
280、2008004001.2本年借款40001.3本年应计利息00000000001.4本年还本付息0000000000其中：还本400400400400400400400400400400付息1.5年末本息余额40004000400040004000400040004000400040004000360032002800240020001600120080040002还本付息资金来源570.07570.07570.07570.07570.07570.07570.07570.07570.07570.072.1当年可用还款利润390.69390.69390.69390.69390.69390.693
281、90.69390.69390.69390.692.2当年可用还款折旧179.38179.38179.38179.38179.38179.38179.38179.38179.38179.382.3当年可用还款摊销2.4付息专用款财务计划现金流量表表107 单位：万元序号项 目计 算 期1234567889101112-211经营活动净现金流量（1.1-1.2）291.25384.19570.07570.07570.07570.07570.07570.07570.07570.07570.075700.71.1现金流入1144.513081635163516351635163516351635163
282、51635163501.1.1营业收入1144.51308163516351635163516351635163516351635163501.1.2增值税销项税额1.1.3补贴收入1.1.4其他流入1.2现金流出1.2.1经营成本853.25923.811064.931064.931064.931064.931064.931064.931064.931064.931064.9310649.31.2.2增值税销项税额1.2.3营业税金及附加1.2.4增值税1.2.5所得税1.2.6其他流出2投资活动净现金流量（2.1-2.2）-40002.1现金流入2.2现金流出2.2.1建设投资40002.
283、2.2流动资金2.2.3其他流出3筹资活动净现金流量（3.1-3.2）4000-40003.1现金流入3.1.1项目资本金投入12003.1.2建设投资借款40003.1.3流动投资借款3.1.4债券3.1.5短期借款3.1.6其他流入3.2现金流出3.2.1各种利息支出3.2.2偿还债务本金40003.2.3应付利润（股利分配）3.2.4其他流出4净现金流量（1+2+3）0291.25384.19570.07570.07570.07570.07570.07570.07570.07570.07570.071700.75累计盈余资金0291.25675.441245.511815.582385.
284、652955.723525.794095.864665.9352365806.077506.77第八节 不确定分析一、盈亏平衡分析盈亏平衡分析是根据满负荷年份的营业收入、成本费用等数据，通过公式求得盈亏平衡点（BEP）。1、计算盈亏平衡点（1）以床位利用率表示的盈亏平衡点BEP固定成本（营业收入-可变成本-税金）100% 541.48（1635-705.59）100 58.26（2）盈亏平衡时的营业收入EPDBEP163558.26952.56万元计算结果表明，当医院床位利用率达到58.26时，即营业收入为952.56万元时，即可保本。2、绘制盈亏平衡图详见盈亏平衡图101。盈亏平衡图1012
285、000240016002800100060080040012002002200260018001400107020305040100608090生产能力利用率%0营业收入和成本(万元)二、敏感性分析在建设投资、经营成本和营业收等不确定因素变化的情况下，分别对项目财务内部收益率进行单因素敏感性分析，详见敏感性分析表108。敏感性分析表表108序号不确定因素不确定因素变动幅度项目财务内部收益率敏感度系数基本方案11.661营业收入1015.693.46 -107.19-3.83 2建设投资1010.33-1.14 -1013.211.33 3经营成本108.76-2.49 -1014.382.33
286、 根据敏感性分析表绘制敏感性分析图，详见敏感性分析图102。由敏感性分析结果可以看出，营业收入是最为敏感的因素，当营业收入上升10时，其财务内部收益率上升了4.03%；当营业收入下降10时，其财务内部收益率下降了4.47%。因此需不断开拓市场，提高竞争能力，以维持一定的负荷率。敏感性分析图1025040302010-20-15-10-505101520第十一章 社会影响评价为防止单纯追求项目的经济效益、可能产生的不利的社会影响和后果及项目建设和运营的社会风险，因此本次的可研报告对该项目进行了社会影响分析，对项目的社会影响做出评价。详见项目社会影响分析表111。项目社会影响分析表表111序号社会
287、因素影响的范围、程度可能出现的后果措施建议1对居民收入的影响本项目的实施会使餐饮、住宿、运输等行业的收入有所增加当地的餐饮、住宿、运输等行业收入的增加导致部分当地居民收入增加对当地人均收入和家庭生活状况的改善有积极作用2对居民生活水平与生活质量的影响项目实施后当地居民的身体健康得到保证的同时生活质量会有很大影响医院的发展会使排出的废水增加污染周围环境对周围居民的生活有所影响3对居民就业的影响项目实施后由于需要大量管理及医疗技术人员很大程度上为相关专业的失业人员提供了就业机会、解决了就业问题把一部分失业或无业人员组织起来为社会减少了很大的负担4对不同利益群体的影响项目的实施会对当地患者影响很大甚
288、至可以影响到国内外周边地区项目的实施会为当地的就诊中蒙医患者带来方便5对脆弱群体的影响此项目实施后对妇女儿童的身体健康有积极作用使妇女和儿童的身体健康得到有效的保证，家庭收入少的患者也可以得到有效的保证6对地区文化、教育、卫生的影响此项目实施后带动当地的经济发展特别对卫生事业会有很大程度的改善改善医疗卫生质量为当地的居民提供了更良好的就医环境使人民群众的身体健康得到较好的保证7对地区基础设施、社会服务容量和城市化进程的影响项目实施后对XX及周边地区有一定程度的影响扩大地区基础设施、加大社会服务容量、加快城市化进程8对少数民族风俗习惯和宗教的影响对XX及周边地区有较大影响增加蒙古族对外的知名度、
289、使各族人民更友好相处第十二章 研究结论一、项目建设依据XX地区医疗事业发展的需要，有利于合理配置医疗资源和各种经营要素，提高民族地区医疗不平，促进人民身心健康。该工程是完善民族医药服务体系的重大举措，项目得到当地政府和群众支持，是民族地区社会经济发展必须的工程，项目建设是非常必要的。二、研究表明，在吉林XX市这样的少数民族边疆地区，建设人民医院项目，符合国家政策，符合兴安盟医疗卫生事业发展规划。项目建成后，将添补在XX这样的一个县级市没有二级甲等以上标准医院的空白，将彻底改善当地的医疗条件，提高生活质量，不仅解决了边疆少数民族群众看病难，就医难的一大社会问题，而且对于完善旅游城市服务功能，促进
290、边疆地区社会稳定与发展都具有十分重要的意义。三、项目总投资4000万元,建成后，人民医院将成为具有150张病床，就诊3万人次/年，住院人数可达4380人次/年的县级人民医院。年营业收入1635万元，项目财务内部收益率11.66。项目在经济上是合理的，社会效益显著，项目可行。建议批准实施。医疗仪器设备明细表附表序号设备名称型 号单位数量单价总价投入科室(万元）（万元）1全能麻醉机MET-610台219.80 39.60 外科、手术室2插件式多参数监护仪DM-6000台111.80 11.80 外科、手术室3整体反射手术无影灯ZF700/700台17.90 7.90 外科、手术室4高频手术电刀GN
291、300台112.60 12.60 外科、手术室5综合手术台ZDF808台14.50 4.50 外科、手术室6手术器械包甲、乙、丙脑骨套100.50 5.00 外科、手术室7电动吸引器yx930L台150.15 2.25 全院配置8多功能电脑腰椎治疗床FYC-AD台12.88 2.88 外科、手术室9电动脊柱腿部按摩牵引床台11.19 1.19 外科、手术室10颈腰牵引床2000型台14.50 4.50 外科、手术室11肛肠检查治疗系统SJZ型台16.50 6.50 外科、手术室12不锈钢双门器械柜型922470980台20.63 1.26 手术室13手术麻醉椅(带靠背)全动台40.09 0.3
292、6 手术室14不锈钢麻醉车(封闭式)型565450910台10.20 0.20 手术室15不锈钢手术器械台(扇形中型1400460930台20.18 0.36 手术室16三门更衣柜(不锈钢)11004501800台40.50 2.00 手术室17不锈钢手术急救车对接长3450550580台20.90 1.80 手术室18普外科腹腔镜(三晶片)成套设备台138.00 38.00 外科19不锈钢骨科牵引床(框架式)2059058张20.40 0.80 骨科医疗仪器设备明细表续附表序号设备名称型 号单位数量单价总价投入科室(万元）（万元）20三导心电图机ECG302台13.50 3.50 内 科21
293、24小时动态心电装置ECG-9320K套119.80 19.80 内 科22除颤监护仪JEC-7521C台222.20 44.40 内科、手术室23数字视频脑电图机DYD-2000套113.20 13.20 内 科24彩色多参数床边监护仪BSM-1101K台18.67 8.67 内 科25血液透析机TR-321套124.80 24.80 内 科26电子阴道镜FDS-200台112.80 12.80 妇产科27宫腔镜图文工作站套19.08 9.08 妇产科28宫腔镜GQ-6套12.03 2.03 妇产科29单孔可移动式冷光灯IDS-1台10.28 0.28 妇产科30综合产床CC-1IV台10.
294、50 0.50 妇产科31妇科吸引器X840L台10.17 0.17 妇产科32胎儿监护仪M1353A台114.80 14.80 妇产科33微波治疗仪(脉冲)TJSM-92BMI台14.80 4.80 妇产科34全不锈钢婴儿床(带轮)72*40*61张60.08 0.48 妇产科35电解质分析仪(干式)WHD-1A台15.80 5.80 检验科36全自动血球计数仪KX-21台124.00 24.00 检验科37尿液十一项分析优利特200台12.48 2.48 检验科38半自动生化分析仪MICROLAB-300台16.80 6.80 检验科医疗仪器设备明细表续附表序号设备名称型 号单位数量单价总
295、价投入科室(万元）（万元）39全自动酶标仪ASCENT台19.80 9.80 检验科40自动洗板机W-4台14.20 4.20 检验科41血凝分析仪M2台16.80 6.80 检验科42血流变LBY-N6台18.50 8.50 检验科43低速大容量多管离心机LXIB台11.20 1.20 检验科44电脑切片机YD-335台18.00 8.00 检验科45全自动生物组织脱水机YD-12P台11.50 1.50 检验科46全自动生物组织包埋机YD-6D台10.50 0.50 检验科47电脑磨刀机ZMD-A台10.40 0.40 检验科48摊片机YD-A台10.50 0.50 检验科49烤片机YD-
296、B台10.30 0.30 检验科50医用试剂冰箱(4-80C)XL-300试台21.28 2.56 检验科51生化分析仪专用纯化水设备GN-RO-40型台11.80 1.80 检验科52尿沈渣分析仪LX3000台153.00 53.00 检验科53血沉仪2010台11.50 1.50 检验科54半自动细菌鉴定药敏分析仪TDR-100Z台115.00 15.00 检验科55浊度仪/WGZ-2OX浊仪WGZ-2台11.00 1.00 检验科56微生物分析仪SS-1000A台111.33 11.33 检验科57数显隔水式培养箱CR胆60275台10.66 0.66 检验科医疗仪器设备明细表续附表序号
297、设备名称型 号单位数量单价总价投入科室(万元）（万元）58光式血液冷藏箱107D台14.10 4.10 输血科59血库冰箱/MBR-506D/+40C台15.80 5.80 血库60半自动生化分析仪Microab300台17.00 7.00 血库61生物安全柜台16.00 6.00 血库62离心机TDL-5-A台10.82 0.82 血库63全自动血球计数仪KX-21台124.00 24.00 血库64全自动生化分析仪AUTOLABC8台130.00 30.00 血库65霉菌培养箱MJ-160台10.49 0.49 血库66酶标仪MK3台26.80 13.60 血库67洗板机W-4台14.20
298、 4.20 血库68全自动高速洗板机ASCENT台17.20 7.20 血库69除颤起搏监护仪TEC-7631C台39.60 28.80 内科、手术室、门诊70多功能监护仪507E台16.80 6.80 门诊(急诊科)71急救呼吸机美利琦套54.80 24.00 全院配置72洗胃机SC-套41.20 4.80 全院配置73制氧机FY5台50.75 3.75 全院配置74新生儿黄胆治疗箱XHZ台10.71 0.71 门诊(急诊科)75儿童生命体征监护仪MD9409台11.90 1.90 门诊(急诊科)76动态血压心电分析系统401套111.00 11.00 门诊(急诊科)医疗仪器设备明细表续附表
299、序号设备名称型 号单位数量单价总价投入科室(万元）（万元）77电脑红外乳腺检查仪LX-H767F台14.30 4.30 门诊(急诊科)78美迪克乳腺病治疗仪CD-TI台11.36 1.36 门诊(急诊科)79救护车辆320.00 60.00 门诊(急诊科)80X线DR数字成像系统SATURN9000套1160.00 160.00 放射科81干式激光像机150型台165.00 65.00 放射科82暗盒连感绿肥增感仪套100.30 3.00 放射科83X射线乳腺摄影机MD30-A台11.10 1.10 放射科84核磁共振诊断仪MR1700.00 700.00 放射科85螺旋CT机MSCT套1350.00 350.00 放射科86彩色B超诊断仪LOGIQ5PRO套1223.00 223.00 功能科87电子胃镜系统EVIS-V套140.80 40.80 功能科88电子结肠镜CF-VL台120.35 20.35 功能科89手动内镜消毒车TD-20套13.35 3.35 功能科90彩色打印
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