爱立信：2023年5G-Advanced-通向6G的演进白皮书（英文版）（21页）.pdf

1、Ericsson White PaperBNEW-22:024836 UenJune 20235G Advanced:Evolution towards 6G5G Advanced:Evolution towards 6GExecutive summaryJune 20232Executive summaryThe first version of 5G has been rapidly deployed in large parts of the world.This is still only the beginning of a continuous 5G evolution.Start

2、ing from the deployment of 5G Standalone(SA)as a basis,communication service providers(CSPs)will enjoy further improvements in the next few years by providing new use cases,higher performance,and leaner networks.To support this,3GPP has from Release 18 started the specification of 5G Advanced.In 5G

3、Advanced,the 5G new radio(NR)and 5G core(5GC)evolution is being continued to ensure the success of deployed systems globally and to expand the usage of the 3GPP technology by supporting different use cases and verticals.Sustainable network design is one of the cornerstones of the 5G Advanced system.

4、Artificial intelligence(AI)and machine learning(ML)will play an important role in addition to other technology components providing support for extended reality(XR),reduced capability(RedCap)devices,and other new market segments.While Ericsson 5G networks already support AI/ML and XR use cases in an

5、 energy-efficient manner,5G Advanced offers standardized solutions for enhancing performance and enabling a new types of applications for these use cases.The 5G Advanced standardization is an important step in the evolution of cellular wireless access toward 6G.This whitepaper provides an overview o

6、f 5G Advanced to show the main advantages of its technology components regarding network performance and capabilities.Guidance is provided on which features to expect in 5G Advanced Release 18 and 19 and it is explained how 5G Advanced provides steppingstones towards 6G.5G Advanced:Evolution towards

7、 6GContentJune 20233ContentIntroduction 43GPP technology evolution 55G Advanced pillars 7Stepping stone toward 6G 14Conclusion 15Authors 165G Advanced:Evolution towards 6GIntroductionJune 20234Introduction3GPP Release 18 marks the start of 5G Advanced.5G Advanced builds on the 5G baselinedefined by

8、3GPP in Releases 15,16,and 17.Further enhancement of the 5G Advanced system is expected in the forthcoming Release 19 which will start in 2024.Initial learnings have been derived from commercial 5G networks that have been deployed in large parts of the world.In addition to this,the need for the cont

9、inuous evolution of 5G networks by supporting new market segments and use cases has prompted 3GPP to begin standardization related to 5G Advanced systems.5G Advanced also provides steppingstones in areas that will be of importance in the future 6G systems.This white paper provides an overview of 5G

10、Advanced with a special focus on its most vital pillars.The main technology components and their use cases are discussed in addition to 3GPPs future direction towards 6G.After initial studies,standardization of the new 6G system may officially start from Release 21.Figure 1 provides Ericssons view o

11、f the 3GPPs 5G Advanced and 6G timeline indicating completion of the first 5G Advanced release in the beginning of 2024 and completion of the first(basic)6G drop in 2028,followed by 6G evolution.Figure 1:Ericssons view of the 5G Advanced and 6G timeline of 3GPP(dates beyond 2023 are indicative)6G sp

12、ecification 20172018201920202021202220232024202520262028Rel-15Rel-16Rel-17Rel-18Rel-20*Rel-21*5GeMBB URLLC5G evounlicensed,relaying,device-to-device,positioning5G evoRedCap,Non-terrestrial Networks,broadcast,52.6-71GHz5G-ANetwork Energy Efficiency,AI/ML for RAN automation,XR5G-AMIMO,XR,Mobility,Ener

13、gy Efficiency,AI/ML2027Rel-196G studies*Indicative timeline6G requirements5G Advanced improves performance,expanding usage and paves the way towards 6G5G Advanced:Evolution towards 6G3GPP technology evolutionJune 202353GPP technology evolutionSince its introduction in Release 15,5G has targeted thre

14、e main use case families,namely enhanced Mobile Broadband(eMBB),critical Internet of Things(IoT),and massive IoT.Together with the support for new verticals added in later releases,the 5G system enables many new use cases compared to previous generations of 3GPP systems.It provides superior network

15、performance in terms of capacity and coverage and has increased the focus on sustainability.The need to enhance the network energy efficiency to reduce the 5G systems(5GS)carbon footprint is of vital importance.Now,new use cases such as eXtended Reality(XR)and learnings from existing commercial 5G d

16、eployments demand further optimization of the 5G system.5G Advanced is the next wave of 5G starting in Release 18.It includes additional capabilities for new market segments as well as architecture enhancements of 5GS.In Release 19 this evolution continues.5G NR addresses eMBB use cases by supportin

17、g different duplex schemes,frequency ranges,MIMO,and multi-carrier operations.In 5G Advanced,eMBB performance will be further enhanced.NR and LTE dynamic spectrum sharing(DSS)enhancements that come in Release 18 facilitate a smoother and more efficient migration from LTE to NR.Thanks to MIMO enhance

18、ments the capacity and performance of mobile devices are improved.In Release 19 we anticipate that massive antennas for further improving performance will be in the spotlight.5G Advanced:Evolution towards 6G3GPP technology evolutionJune 20236Critical IoT(cIoT)refers to use cases with stringent requi

19、rements on latency and reliability.Some of the most prominent applications relate to factory automation and automotive use cases.5G addressed cIoT from the very beginning by introducing support for ultra-reliably and low latency communication(URLLC).Releases 16/17 added support for Time Sensitive Ne

20、tworking(TSN)while Release 18 adds support for Deterministic Networking(DetNet)to enable industrial internet.Release 18 is also focused on enhancing the support for XR applications that demand a challenging combination of high data rates and bounded latency.XR is expected to grow in importance in Re

21、lease 19 and beyond.5Gs support for massive IoT(mIoT)use cases and low complexity devices was inherited from 4G in the form of LTE-MTC and NB-IoT.These tracks were created in Release 13 and have evolved ever since.The first NR-based optimizations towards lower complexity devices were introduced in R

22、elease 17 by standardizing support for reduced capability(RedCap)NR UEs.RedCap reduces the device complexity significantly compared to regular NR modems.Still,RedCap devices provide peak data rates comparable to that offered by LTE Category 1-4 devices.5G is evolving its support also in positioning,

23、mission critical,air-to-ground,and railways communication.In Release 18,5G Advanced support for drones is introduced.Railways,mission critical,and utility use cases are supported by an NR system that can operate in dedicated bands with less than 5-MHz bandwidth.Some NR functionality is beneficial ac

24、ross different domains and not connected to a specific use case only.For instance,NRs lean design secures efficient use of energy,both on the network and the device side.While the UE energy savings were enhanced in 5G Releases 16 and 17,in 5G Advanced further network energy saving is in focus.One to

25、ol that is explored in Release 18 for increasing network energy efficiency is AI/ML.AI/ML based RAN enhancements are also being considered for enhanced mobility and load balancing applications.In Release 19 the use of AI/ML in further applications is anticipated,such as positioning and beam manageme

26、nt.The 5GS deployment flexibility and architecture enhancements in 5G Advanced include for example,enhancements for non-public networks,non-terrestrial networks(NTN),location services,edge computing,UE policy,and network slicing.In addition,the service-based architecture has been extended to the IP

27、multimedia subsystem(IMS)telephony services.The IMS can now use service-based interfaces to the policy control function(PCF),the home subscriber server(HSS),and from the IMS application server to data channel related network functions(NFs).5GS has inbuilt management features,for example,to virtually

28、 partition the system into different slices or to collect various types of measurements for self-optimization that will evolve in 5G Advanced.5G Advanced:Evolution towards 6G5G Advanced pillarsJune 202375G Advanced pillars5G Advanced will enhance network performance and add support for new applicati

29、ons and use cases.This paper is focusing on the following four important feature areas,where 5G Advanced is expected to bring significant enhancements:5G performance Support for new market segments Sustainable Networks Intelligent network automation5G performanceMIMO Support for advanced antenna sys

30、tems and MIMO is part of 5Gs DNA.In Release 18,MIMO capacity is boosted in both the uplink and downlink thanks to support for enhanced demodulation reference symbols.To improve the support for high data rates to mobile users the MIMO beamforming framework is improved to cater to switching between di

31、fferent beamforming methods depending on the users speed.Figure 2:Multi-antenna transmission and receptions5G Advanced:Evolution towards 6G5G Advanced pillarsJune 20238To support the recent trends of massive antennas becoming even more massive,an extension of the supported number of antenna ports to

32、 cater to more radiating elements is needed in Release 19.MIMO-related enhancements on UL coverage and capacity will be important for both XR,mobile broadband,and fixed wireless access(FWA)scenarios.Release 19 should also contain enhancements that enable realizable and cost-efficient coherent-joint

33、transmissions across multiple transmission and reception points(mTRP)on a larger scale(aiming towards a truly distributed MIMO system).To improve current coarse link adaptation(LA)procedures,channel quality reporting enhancements are needed for more accurate LA.For reciprocity based massive MIMO,the

34、 noise and interference level experienced by the UE is not available to the gNB at a satisfying accuracy and needs to be predicted which leads to inaccurate LA and inefficient MIMO operation.Thus,enhancements related to CSI acquisition for reciprocity-based DL SU/MU-MIMO need to be specified in Rele

35、ase-19.MobilityMobility,like MIMO,is a key component of 5G.In 5G Advanced,it has been observed that there is room to improve the service continuity for mobile users.The new L1/L2 triggered mobility(LTM)handover procedure will shorten the handover interrupt time.LTM merges the beam managing framework

36、 with the mobility framework and introduces a low-latency mobility procedure for NR,supporting CA and applicable to both FR1 and FR2.In Release 18 LTM is supported between cells served by the same gNB distributed unit(DU),or by different DUs belonging to the same gNB centralized unit(CU).In Release

37、19,the LTM framework should be extended to support handover between cells served by different CUs.Release 19 may also include UE reports of measurements performed on not configured neighboring cells that a UE may move to.Release 18 only supports UE measurement reporting of preconfigured cells.5G Adv

38、anced explores,as mentioned earlier also,AI/ML as a tool to improve mobility.Areas of interest are for example to utilize AI/ML to perform beam prediction or to predict device mobility.The journey to enhance the performance with AI/ML has just started and more use cases are likely to be enhanced in

39、Release 19 and beyond.Figure 3:Beam based mobility in cellular networks5G Advanced:Evolution towards 6G5G Advanced pillarsJune 20239Support for new market segments 5G Advanced provides enhanced support for several new market segments.These include,amongst others,cloud gaming,immersive reality,indoor

40、 positioning,and industrial sensor networks.Extended realityThe 5G bounded-latency communication capabilities will enable improvements for a wide range of new applications including cloud gaming(CG)and extended reality(XR)which refers to anything from virtual reality(VR)and augmented reality(AR)to m

41、ixed reality(MR).In AR,digital elements are added to a live view,usually via a camera on a smartphone or AR glasses.With VR one leaves the physical world and experiences complete virtual immersion.MR comprises the interaction of both real-world and digital objects.In cloud gaming,with the assistance

42、 of handheld and wearable devices,either human-to-machine or human-to-human interactions are performed.There are many emerging applications of XR in media,remote control,and industrial automation,which will benefit from the time-critical capabilities of 5G networks.Mobile service providers can intro

43、duce XR to consumers,enterprises,and public institutions to define new practices in areas such as entertainment,training,education,social interactions,and communications 1.The XR and CG use cases require high data rates.The devices are usually expected to be mobile and with a small form factor,which

44、 puts a limitation on their available power resources.Moreover,low and bounded end-to-end latency is another challenge when it comes to providing coverage for these applications as outlined in 2.In Release 18,the performance of XR services is facilitated by 5GC support for application rate adaption

45、using the low latency low loss system(L4S)for scalable throughput feature.XR application information regarding packet periodicity,jitter,size,and latency requirement will be signaled from the 5GC to the RAN to make the RAN XR aware and allow XR-specific traffic handling for improving power efficienc

46、y,latency,and capacity.Release 18 also enables improved buffer management by making RAN aware of a set of packets constituting a media unit,allowing Active Que Management(AQM)to drop a complete media unit instead of individual packets if a packet drop is needed.In Release 19,further work to improve

47、the XR latency and capacity is anticipated.One opportunity is to use unused UE measurement gaps for data transmission.For UE power savings a promising feature is to add support for multiple DRX configurations for handling multiple XR flows and traffic jitter.Finally,it is important to consider exten

48、ding the XR awareness framework to cater to XR services not considered in Release 18.Indoor positioning Applying AI/ML as a tool in specific scenarios opens new possibilities.A promising case is applying AI/ML for indoor positioning,e.g.,in a factory,warehouse,or office environment.In these environm

49、ents,GNSS coverage may not be available and 5G based indoor positioning is a valuable complement to outdoor GNSS services.In Release 18 it has been shown that the accuracy of well-established cellular positioning methods can be significantly improved with assistance from AI/ML functions,as mentioned

50、 in the section on AI/ML for physical layer enhancements.5G Advanced:Evolution towards 6G5G Advanced pillarsJune 202310Enhancements for network slicingUE Route Selection Policy(URSP)is a UE policy provided by the network and essential for several network slicing use cases in different market segment

51、s.Release 18 provides several enhancements relying on UE and network support.The home network can provide URSP rules to the roaming UE which are specific to the visited network(in addition to URSP rules specific to the home network).URSP rules can be provided to the UE in EPS,enabling consistent use

52、 of the UE policy.The network is enabled to detect whether the URSP rules are enforced by the UE and the network can use analytics to adjust URSP rules(see also 5GS architectural enhancements).IoT Release 17 introduced NR RedCap for support of industrial wireless sensor networks,wearables,and wirele

53、ss cameras.In Release 18,RedCap support for positioning and further device complexity reduction are specified.Reduced peak data rates to 10 Mbps will enable RedCap complexity in parity with LTE Cat-1 devices.In Release 19,RedCap support for satellite communication should be introduced to enable trul

54、y ubiquitous NR IoT coverage.Industrial and Critical IoT has been an important 5G topic from the start.One example of an industrial IoT use case is media production and delivery which requires bounded low-latency IP communication.A framework of functionalities has been specified for 5G time-sensitiv

55、e communication(TSC)supporting both Ethernet and IP,covering amongst others UE to UE communication through user plane function(UPF),time synchronization,and 5G time-sensitive networking(TSN)integration.However,there is a demand to support deterministic networking(DetNet)for application areas requiri

56、ng not only bounded low latency for IP but also low delay variation and extremely low loss.5G Advanced has added support for DetNet IP flows in Release 18 based on the TSC framework defined in Release 17(see also Figure 4,where 5GS is acting as a logical DetNet router in an IP DetNet network).DetNet

57、 IP redundancy solution is a candidate for Release 19.Figure 4:Deterministic Networking using IP for IoT(principles and mapping to 5GS)Core Network5GS logical DetNet NodeDetNet flow(IP)IP DetNet Network DetNet nodeEnd hostDetNetcontroller DetNetnetwork AccessNetwork IPDetNetsystem IP5G Advanced:Evol

58、ution towards 6G5G Advanced pillarsJune 202311Sustainable Networks From the start,5G was designed to meet increasing traffic demands while limiting the power consumption of mobile networks.With 5G Advanced,the focus on network energy savings is further pronounced.The increasing energy consumption of

59、 mobile networks is neither sustainable from a cost nor an environmental perspective.Breaking the energy curve is an industry responsibility 3.Energy efficiency has always been an important part of 3GPP considerations by allowing smart sleep modes for mobile devices and exploiting lower bands to ext

60、end the coverage while increasing capacity and speed with carrier aggregation of higher bands.In 3GPP Release 18,a dedicated study on network energy savings has been carried out.Key performance indicators,energy consumption models,and evaluation methodologies are all defined.Focus areas,potential te

61、chniques,and features for enabling network energy savings were studied.Previously,similar work was performed for user equipment(UE)power savings in Release 16 and 17.For system-level network energy savings,traffic load balancing and sleep modes for gNB were studied for the urban micro and macro scen

62、arios with massive MIMO.The study outcome resulted in support for network energy saving features within four key areas;reduced gNB broadcast transmissions,gNB discontinuous transmission and reception,dynamic gNB DL power,and antenna port adaptation.Antenna port adaption is for example useful togethe

63、r with radios targeting massive MIMO.Release 19 should build on the work in Release 18 and introduce additional energy saving functionalities.Particularly for secondary cells(SCells),additional Synchronization Signal Block(SSB)transmission optimizations including an on-demand version can further red

64、uce energy consumption.Also,given the number of shared components for RX and TX in a base station,there is energy saving potential from reducing the amount of time the base station receiver is activated.Here,dynamic adaptation of the periodicity of physical random access channel(PRACH)occasions base

65、d on the PRACH load of the cell,without going through a full system information update would be useful.In addition to a specific item on network energy savings,further work is done within the AI/ML area to support network energy saving,such as defining inter-node energy efficiency prediction signali

66、ng using data collected at the RAN interfaces via the AI/ML procedures.5G Advanced:Evolution towards 6G5G Advanced pillarsJune 202312Intelligent network automationWith increasing complexity in network design,for example,many different deployment and usage options,conventional approaches will not be

67、able to provide swift solutions in many cases.It is well understood that manually reconfiguring cellular communications systems is inefficient and costly.AI and ML have the capability to solve complex and unstructured network problems by using a large amount of data collected from wireless networks.

68、Thus,there has been a lot of attention lately on utilizing AI/ML-based solutions to improve network performance and hence providing avenues for automating and inserting intelligence in network operations.AI model design,optimization,and life-cycle management rely heavily on data.A wireless network c

69、an collect a large amount of data as part of its normal operations.This provides a good base for designing intelligent network solutions.5G Advanced addresses how to optimize the standardized interfaces for data collection while leaving the automation functionality,for example,training and inference

70、,up to the proprietary implementation to support full innovation flexibility in the automation of the network.5GS architectural enhancements5G Advanced provides enhancements of the architecture to support intelligent network automation including RAN management,analytics,and AI/ML model life-cycle ma

71、nagement,for example,to improve the correctness of the models.5G Advanced also supports intent-based management for simplifying network management.The advancements in the 5GC architecture for analytics and data collection serve as a good foundation for AI/ML-based decisions in the 5GC NFs.Release 18

72、 has added,e.g.,Network Data Analytics Function-assisted(NWDAF-assisted)generation of UE policy for network slicing,where the Policy Control Function(PCF)is assisted by slice load analytics,allowing the PCF to adjust the UE Route Selection Policy(URSP)rules.Release 18 has also enhanced the analytics

73、 with possibilities to provide it on a finer granular location than a cell.AI/ML for RAN enhancementsIn Release 18,AI-powered network energy savings,load balancing,and mobility optimization are supported.The selected use cases are supported by signaling enhancements to current NR interfaces such as

74、the UE to gNB radio interface and the inter-gNB Xn interface.The targeted performance improvements are achieved by AI/ML functionality implemented in the RAN.By keeping the AI model implementation specific to vendor incentives,innovation,and competitiveness are ensured.For Release 19,work will conti

75、nue with the addition of new use cases and potentially finishing aspects not completed within Release 18.An example of a new potential use case is AI-assisted dynamic cell shaping.5G Advanced:Evolution towards 6G5G Advanced pillarsJune 202313Figure 5 illustrates 5GS support for AI/ML powered functio

76、nality including an intent-based management approach.The intent will be received by the RAN from the OAM and take action to support the configured intent.Figure 5:shows a general example overview of AI/ML use cases in wireless RANAI/ML for physical layer enhancementsIn Release 18,3GPP performed a st

77、udy to investigate how AI/ML can be used to improve functionality in the 5G physical layer(PHY).The work seeks to define a framework to support AI/ML on PHY including aspects such as Life Cycle Management(LCM)including performance monitoring and testing.In Release 18 beam management,channel state in

78、formation feedback enhancement and positioning accuracy enhancements have been studied to get a good picture of how to standardize support for AI.Among these three use cases,applying AI/ML to positioning has the most promising gains,followed by beam management.Thus,in Release 19,specifying support f

79、or these two use cases should be prioritized.Potentially,3GPP can in Release 19 continue to study the channel state information feedback enhancement and explore some new use cases.6G specification 20172018201920202021202220232024202520262028Rel-15Rel-16Rel-17Rel-18Rel-20*Rel-21*5GeMBB URLLC5G evounl

80、icensed,relaying,device-to-device,positioning5G evoRedCap,Non-terrestrial Networks,broadcast,52.6-71GHz5G-ANetwork Energy Efficiency,AI/ML for RAN automation,XR5G-AMIMO,XR,Mobility,Energy Efficiency,AI/ML2027Rel-196G studies*Indicative timeline6G requirementsFigure 6:Introduction of AI/ML at both th

81、e network and UE 5G Advanced:Evolution towards 6GStepping stone toward 6GJune 202314Stepping stone toward 6G5G systems have been deployed at a rapid pace globally.The initial rollout established an impressive footprint that provides high-speed and low-latency connectivity for a wide range of service

82、s.The new user experience inspires new emerging use cases and there is no doubt that the ongoing transformation will give rise to challenges beyond what 5G and 5G Advanced can meet.The increasing expectations set a clear target for those in the ICT industry and research community6G should contribute

83、 to an efficient,human-friendly,sustainable society through ever-present intelligent communication 4.Nevertheless,several of the above-discussed 5G advanced technology components can be seen as precursors to some of the 6G building blocks.For example,XR will gradually evolve into immersive communica

84、tion for human-machine interaction,which may pose new requirements on 6G to provide an even better experience.AI/ML will play an important role in the fully data-driven architecture of 6G and the intelligent network platform of the future,together with enhancements on the air interface.Further,we se

85、e that the introduction of intent-driven management of the 5GS will enable new business opportunities in the future.Enhancements towards network energy efficiency in 5G Advanced will provide the baseline for sustainable network design.5G Advanced multi-TRP and coherent joint transmissions will creat

86、e the precursor for D-MIMO solutions in 6G.Finally,we envision that the 3GPP driven 6G requirement work for 6G will commence in 2024.This will enable a smooth start of the technical journey towards 6G specification in 2028 and a fully commercial system in 2030.5G Advanced:Evolution towards 6GConclus

87、ionJune 202315Conclusion5G systems are still being deployed at a rapid pace,providing high-speed,low-latency connectivity for a wide range of services.New services are introduced,for example,advanced XR services,which will further increase the demands on network performance.To meet these demands eff

88、iciently,service providers will need to increase the use of AI/ML and network automation while continuing the journey towards further reducing energy consumption ensuring sustainable networks in the future.To support these requirements the telco industry is now taking the next step in the 5G evoluti

89、on with the start of 5G Advanced in 3GPP Release 18.5G Advanced builds on the baseline defined by Releases 15,16,and 17 and represents the aggregated value of the 5G evolution from 2018,and onwards.Release 18 includes both architecture enhancements and additional capabilities for new and existing ma

90、rket segments.The goal for Release 19 should be to further improve the performance of 5G Advanced and expand its usage.Together Release 18 and 19 provide a strong foundation for the next wave of 5G.In Release 19 we expect 3GPP to start its first studies on 6G services and performance requirements.Wi

91、th the advent of 6G work within 3GPP,Release 19 will contain features targeting the market during the 5G Advanced timeline but also features that are more likely to first come to the market with 6G.With the deployment of 5G SA as a first step,CSPs can stay competitive by embracing improvements and a

92、dded capabilities of 5G Advanced.This will lead to a smooth migration to 6G in the long term.5G Advanced:Evolution towards 6GReferenceJune 202316Reference1.XR and 5G:Extended reality at scale with 5G networks,Ericsson Technology Review,August 20212.Network evolution to support extended reality appli

93、cations3.Breaking the energy curve4.6G Connecting a cyber-physical world,Ericsson5G Advanced:Evolution towards 6GAuthorsJune 202317AuthorsImadur Rahman joined Ericsson in 2008.Rahman is a principal researcher in Research Area Radio at Ericsson Research in Stockholm,Sweden,and is currently managing t

94、he 5G Advanced standardization research project at Ericsson Research.Rahman holds a Ph.D.in wireless communications from Aalborg University,Denmark.Olof Liberg joined Ericsson in 2008 and currently leads the companys 3GPP RAN standardization team.Liberg has an M.Sc.in engineering physics from Uppsal

95、a University,Sweden.5G Advanced:Evolution towards 6GAuthorsJune 202318Sara Modarres Razavi joined Ericsson in 2014 and is currently the Cloud RAN innovation program manager at Ericsson.Razavi holds a Ph.D.in infra-informatics from Linkping University,Sweden.Christian Hoymann joined Ericsson Research

96、 in 2007 and led a research group at Ericsson Eurolab in Herzogenrath near Aachen,Germany.Hoymann holds a Ph.D.in electrical engineering from RWTH Aachen University.Currently,he is the Director for European Standardization and Industry Initiatives at the Ericsson CTO office.5G Advanced:Evolution tow

97、ards 6GAuthorsJune 202319Stefan Parkvall joined Ericsson Research in 1999 and is currently a senior expert based in Stockholm,Sweden.Parkvall holds a Ph.D.in electrical engineering from the Royal Institute of Technology,Sweden,and is an IEEE Fellow.Gran Rune joined Ericsson in 1989 and is currently

98、a senior expert in core network architecture.Rune holds a Lic.Eng.in solid state physics from the Institute of Technology at Linkping University.5G Advanced:Evolution towards 6GAuthorsJune 202320Ralf Keller joined Ericsson in 1996 and is an expert in core network migration.His current focus is on pa

99、cket core architecture and technology in his role as Chief Architect.Keller holds a Ph.D.in computer science from the University of Mannheim in Germany.Patrik Persson joined Ericsson in 2007 and is currently a 6G program manager director at Ericsson Research.Persson holds a Ph.D.in electrical engine

100、ering from KTH Royal Institute of Technology,Sweden.5G Advanced:Evolution towards 6GAuthorsJune 202321Asbjrn Grvlen joined Ericsson in 2014 and is currently the SWEA Technical Coordinator at Ericsson Research and head of the Ericsson delegation to 3GPP RAN.He holds an M.Sc.in electrical engineering from the Norwegian University of Science and Technology,Norway.Daniel Chen Larsson joined Ericsson in 2007 and is currently a principal researcher at Standards&Technology.Chen Larsson holds a M.Sc.in electrical engineering from KTH Royal Institute of Technology,Sweden.