MobiDev：2023年PHP 8产品所有者迁移指南（英文版）（14页）.pdf

1、Table of ContentsWhats New in PHP 8:3 Main Features and Improvements1.JUST-IN-TIME(JIT)COMPILATION2.ZEND ENGINE3.ATTRIBUTESTop 3 PHP Migration Tools1.RECTOR2.PHPSTAN3.PHP_CODESNIFFER8 Steps to Migrate from PHP 7 to PHP 8STEP 0.PREPARING TO MIGRATE TO PHP 8STEP 1.VERSIONS OF YOUR FRAMEWORK AND LIBRAR

2、IESSTEP 2.UPGRADE THE VERSION OF PHPSTEP 3.UPDATE LIBRARIES WITH COMPOSERSTEP 4.FIX CODE ISSUESSTEP 5.CODE STYLE(OPTIONAL)STEP 6.VERIFY RESULTS WITH AUTOMATION TOOLSSTEP 7.VERIFY RESULTS MANUALLYHow MobiDev Can Help You Migrate to PHP 81If you have a web product built using PHP,then youve already ap

3、preciated thebenefits of this programming language.However,you need to use the latesttechnology version to get the most out of it.At the same time,PHP 8 becameavailable in 2020,but statistics tell us that over 80%of PHP sites are still runningon PHP 7.4 and even older versions.Perhaps yours is among

4、 them.We understand your risks and concerns.It is always hard to change somethingon the fly,that is,on an operating application,so that users do not feelinconvenienced.The bigger the project,the higher the risks of malfunctionduring migration.In the meantime,moving to PHP 8 is inevitable to keep you

5、rproduct up-to-date.Most likely,you do not intend to do the migration yourself.You probably havedevelopers or even a project team.However,it is often essential to have a guideat hand.Due to this,you will be able to check on whether the team is doing welland catch issues that require external consult

6、ation.You dont have to figure out the intricacies of how to migrate to PHP 8 on yourown because weve already done it for you.Our PHP migration guide will saveyou time and help you avoid losses.Of course,each project may have someindividual peculiarities that should be taken into account.Our PHP team

7、 is readyto assist with this,having delved into the specifics of your project.Together,wewill go through the PHP 7 to 8 migration step-by-step without putting yoursystem and data at risk.Whats New in PHP 8:3 Main Features andImprovementsPHP 8 continues the course started with changes in PHP 7 to imp

8、roveperformance and perfect the syntax.1.JUST-IN-TIME(JIT)COMPILATIONThe main novelty and even highlight of PHP 8 is the introduced Just-in-time(JIT)compilation.JIT compiles code during the run time of a program.Parts of PHP2code can be compiled into machine code and translated directly to the CPUwi

9、thout interpretation on the PHP side.In this way,the software can run faster.This is what the interpretation looks like with the JIT in place:Image sourceWhat did the introduction of the JIT compilation bring?Not always,but quiteoften,JIT increases performance.This has to be measured on a case-by-ca

10、sebasis,and the settings here are also significant.The point is that JIT is aimed at optimizing operations with the CPU.Accordingly,for those applications and websites where I/O(Input/Output)operations aremost important,the impact of JIT compilation on performance will be lesssignificant.The JIT com

11、pilation expands the range of possibilities for applicationdevelopment in PHP.The main thing is an acceleration of computationaloperations to a level comparable to the speed of compiled languages.32.ZEND ENGINEThe increase in performance and extensibility is largely also due to theimprovement of PHP

12、s compiler and runtime environment,which is Zend Engine.Changes affected the management of memory,resources,and other standardservices.Traditionally for PHP,the release of a new version of the language isaccompanied by an upgrade of the runtime engine.At one time,Zend Engine 3was built for PHP 7.Whe

13、n you migrate to PHP 8,you switch to using Zend Engine4.The latest version of Zend Engine was developed specifically for PHP 8 anddesigned to further improve performance.So now the runs with a newheart!In any case,the comparison of many operating parameters of web systems is infavor of the eighth ve

14、rsion of PHP.As for web applications,even with acomparable script execution time,PHP 8 will use less memory.As for websites,on PHP 8.0 the page will most likely load faster than on PHP 7.4.3.ATTRIBUTESLets look at a local but helpful new detail that will come in handy after yourmigration in PHP.Attr

15、ibutes for adding metadata to classes and methods haveappeared.Thus,in PHP,the structured way of specifying metadata has replacedthe PHPDoc comments used in previous versions.If the analogy withannotations in other programming languages comes to mind,then yes,it isrelevant.We do not see the point in

16、 describing all,less extensive,changes,in particular,tothe syntax since not all readers personally write code.Lets focus on how tomigrate from PHP 7.4 to 8.When deciding,for example,to migrate PHP 7 to 8,companies take into accountthe deadlines for supporting previous versions.At the moment,the term

17、s ofboth active support and secure support for PHP 7.4 have already expired,andeven more so for older versions.We have already detailed in our PHPApplication Modernization article the topic of why it is in the interests ofbusinesses to operate their websites or web apps in supported languageversions

18、.4Top 3 PHP Migration ToolsNow lets talk about the top 3 tools that will be useful for migration from PHP 7to PHP 8,including quality assurance and verification.1.RECTORRector occupies a prominent place in the arsenal of PHP developers,not onlyfacilitating upgrading and refactoring but also automati

19、ng them.This tool can berun in almost any PHP project.Its use brings significant time savings.UpdatingPHP and its frameworks,as well as improving code quality,are among Rectorssupported scenarios.2.PHPSTANPHPStan scans the code and helps identify issues and bugs,even potential ones.This tool is lega

20、cy-friendly,which makes it easy to use for refactoring andupgrading.In some scenarios,it is quite possible to consider using PHPStan asan alternative to testing.3.PHP_CODESNIFFERPHP_CodeSniffer(PHPCS)analyzes PHP files,checks the code for compliancewith coding standards,and shows violations.In doing

21、 so,you can pre-establish aset of standards that your development team will follow.Among the PHPStandard Recommendation(PSR),PSR-12 Extended Coding Style Guide shouldbe mentioned foremost.It is helpful that PHPCS not only detects violations ofstandards but also helps to automatically correct some sh

22、ortcomings of codestyle.Saving working hours and,therefore,the cost of code development andmaintenance is an opposite consequence of using all the above PHP migrationtools.58 Steps to Migrate from PHP 7 to PHP 8Now lets go through the PHP 7 to 8 migration path without leaving any gaps.Ofcourse,we wi

23、ll need the PHP migration tools we mentioned.STEP 0.PREPARING TO MIGRATE TO PHP 8First of all,you need to containerize the application.You can use Docker.Dockerwill help you switch between different versions of PHP on the same machine.Start using Docker if you havent already.STEP 1.VERSIONS OF YOUR

24、FRAMEWORK AND LIBRARIESMake sure you are going to use a version of the framework which works withPHP 8.x by checking your frameworks documentation.If you have an outdatedversion,upgrade it first,if possible.There are different guides for differentframeworks.The same situation applies to libraries us

25、ed in the project.Do they support PHP8.x?Upgrade them if possible.Overall,7.4 is the latest release of 7.x and is asclose as possible to 8.x.Therefore,it turns out that,after switching to 7.4,it iseasier to switch to 8.x.But everything depends on the specific case,and you canimmediately go to the PH

26、P 8 version.STEP 2.UPGRADE THE VERSION OF PHPThe simplest way to switch a version of PHP is Docker.So I switch the PHPversion in my docker-compose.yml file from 7.4.33 to 8.2.6After that,run your project using Docker Compose with the following command:You can open your project,but there is a high ch

27、ance that you will get an errormessage.At this point,your project is running on PHP 8.2.6,but the source code is notready for PHP 8.26STEP 3.UPDATE LIBRARIES WITH COMPOSEROpen composer.json and update the“require.php”variable.Switch it to PHP 8:After that,run the Composer update command:If you had i

28、ssues with the framework upgrade on Step 1 due to your PHPversion,now is the time to do so.Follow the upgrade guides for your frameworkand libraries.STEP 4.FIX CODE ISSUESMost often,changing versions causes bugs related to backward compatibility.Something new may not work as before.For example,the f

29、unction name maychange.Rector is the most effective way to upgrade your source code so it isready to use with PHP 8.x.This tool helps you to update your code for newerversions of PHP.Follow the Rector documentation with installation instructionsand install it.In our Docker case,we used the following

30、 commands:The last command created rector.php in the root folder of my Symfony project.Change rector.php to the rules that you need.The full list of rules is describedhere.The most important rule is SetList:PHP_82 because we are going to use PHP 8.27Also,pay attention to the paths method.This is an

31、array of folders that will bescanned by the Rector tool.For example,the final rector.php might look like this:Try Rector in preview changes mode:Make sure it works.Apply the changes.8Thats it.Depending on the version of your framework,you may need to performsome extra steps,like clearing the cache.S

32、ometimes the easiest way to get theeffect is to restart Docker.STEP 5.CODE STYLE(OPTIONAL)If you are required to maintain code quality according to internationalstandards,for PHP,it is PSR-12,follow this step.This will keep the code in aquality state that is easy to read and potentially more underst

33、andable to newdevelopers who havent worked with the project before.Install PHP_CodeSniffer.You can do this with the following command:where src path to the source code of the project to be analyzed.Analyze the list of issues.You can fix most issues automatically with thefollowing command:STEP 6.VERI

34、FY RESULTS WITH AUTOMATION TOOLSYou can use PHPStan to verify that you do not have any issues.Rector alreadyincludes PHPStan.So there you have it.Analyze the changes with the following command:where src path to the source code of the project to be analyzed.It should return a“No errors”message.If you

35、 have any errors fix them.Do you have unit tests with PHPUnit?Its a good time to run them.Do you have an API test?Do them.9Run all available tests.You have to make sure that everything works fine andfunctionality of your project works as it should.STEP 7.VERIFY RESULTS MANUALLYNote that automated te

36、sting may not always detect all system vulnerabilities.Souse manual testing as well.Check everything manually.Fix issues if you seesomething is wrong.Ask the QA engineers for assistance.Everything is done.You have completed PHP 7 to PHP 8 migration.You nowhave an upgraded version of PHP.How MobiDev

37、Can Help You Migrate to PHP 8Of course,each company may have many versatile tasks that are more urgentthan updating web resources.Especially since these web applications andwebsites still seem to be working.Limitations and vulnerabilities can still betolerated,although their presence might be gradua

38、lly growing and becomingannoying.Everyone decides individually when exactly to carry out PHP 7 to 8 migration.Weadvise you to do it before suffering security gaps,crashes,increased downtime,UX degradation,etc.And before adding new advanced features will have to bedelayed indefinitely.In a nutshell,b

39、efore users start getting frustrated with yourwebsite or web app.Especially given that within our detailed PHP migrationguide,you can see how to optimally migrate to PHP 8,not shelving that further.Commonly,when your team is about to do something for the first time,thereare additional questions.Our

40、software engineers have accumulatedconsiderable experience in migration in PHP.We will willingly guide you throughthis path without a hitch.You can rely on a well-developed infrastructure to use the full range of PHPcapabilities.At MobiDev,use appropriate libraries and tools that greatly enrichthe w

41、eb development services in this language.Without Symfony and Laravel,for example,PHP would hardly be where it is at the top of web developmenttoday.These popular frameworks also adapt to migration from PHP 7 to PHP 8.10The PHP MobiDev team regularly tests the current versions of Symfony with PHP8.Sp

42、ecifically,we ran Symfony 5.4.23 with PHP 8.2.4 and were pleased with whatwe saw.Note that we used not only the out-of-the-box version but also librariessuch as Doctrine,StofDoctrineExtensionsBundle,RedisBundle,EasyAdmin,etc.,which are in high demand.Thanks to our tests,we have reason to conclude th

43、atthe PHP 8 migration went well.Thus,we can safely say that PHP 8 has outstanding potential for web applicationdevelopment!ombining with popular frameworks and libraries significantlycontributes to realizing this potential.If you have hardships with technology changes or lack the relevant expertise,getin touch with us.We are ready to help you update your web projects bymigrating them to PHP 8.11contactmobidev.biz