1、CHINA&HONG KONG2022Arcadis Hong Kong LimitedElectronic Cost HandbookDownload the PDF version by scanning the QR code below 1.Download the PDF version from our website to your mobile or tablet device.2.Download our App-Asia Cost GuideHandbook Cover Photos:-1.Qingmao Port Immigration Building,Macau2.U
2、niversal Studios Beijing The Wizarding World of Harry Potter,PRC3.The Ring Chongqing,PRC4.The North Lantau Hospital Hong Kong Infection Control Centre(HKICC)5.M+Museum,West Kowloon Cultural District,Hong Kong13542The following handbook of information relating to theconstruction industry has been com
3、piled by:Arcadis Hong Kong Limited17/F,Two Harbour Square,180 Wai Yip Street Kwun Tong,Kowloon Hong Kong Telephone:(852)2911 2000Fax:(852)2911 2002Email:info-Website:https:/ Hong Kong Limited 2022 All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be re-produced or copied in any form without prior
4、written permission from Arcadis Hong Kong Limited.The information contained herein should be regarded as indicative and for general guidance only.Whilst every effort has been made to ensure accuracy,no responsibility can be accepted for errors and omissions,however caused.If advice concerning indivi
5、dual projects is required,we would be happy to assist.Unless otherwise stated,costs reflected in this handbook are Hong Kong costs at 4th Quarter 2021.Arcadis Hong Kong Limited would like to acknowledge the assistance of Knight Frank and Baker McKenzie FenXun in providing additional data and informa
6、tion for this publication.ISO 9001:2015Certificate No.:FS684805ISO 14001:2015Certificate No.:EMS685471ISO 45001:2018Certificate No.:OHS685472ISO9001QualityManagementISO9001QualityManagementOHSAS18001OccupationalHealth and SafetyManagement1 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents 1Calendars 3About Us 51.
7、CONSTRUCTION COST DATA Construction Costs for Hong Kong 9M&E Costs for Hong Kong 11ACMV Costs for Various Designs and Developments in Hong Kong 13Fit-out Costs for Hong Kong 15Unit Costs for Ancillary Facilities for Hong Kong 17Construction Costs for Selected Asian Cities 19M&E Costs for Selected As
8、ian Cities 25Major Rates for Selected Asian Cities 31Construction Cost Specification 372.GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA2022 Outlook 43Building Cost Trends in Hong Kong 49Material Prices in Hong Kong Kong 53Labour Index in Hong 56Labour Wages in Hong Kong 57Estimating Rules of Thumb and Design Norms 59Con
9、struction Activity in Hong Kong 65Construction Value in Hong Kong 66Hong Kong General Construction Insurance 67Specified Forms for Buildings Ordinance or Regulations for Hong Kong 69Summary of Building Regulations for Hong Kong 73Percentage Site Coverage and Plot Ratios for Hong Kong 74China Green b
10、uildings,climate change and regulatory developments 77Procurement Strategies and Form of Contracts 83Construction Workdone Forecast 87TABLE OF CONTENTS23.PROPERTYProperty Commentary 89Property Indicators 95Gross Floor Area(GFA)Calculations in Hong Kong 97Gross Floor Area(GFA)Calculations in PRC 99Co
11、nstruction Floor Area(CFA)Definition 1014.OTHER INFORMATIONUtility Costs for Selected Asian Cities 103Public Holidays 107Directory of Offices 115Health&Safety Management System 129Quality Management System 130Environmental Management System 131TABLE OF CONTENTS3 CALENDARS CALENDARS2 0 2 2 2 0 2 1 20
12、21 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 7 8 9 10 11 12 1310 11 12 13 14 15 16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 14 15 16 17 18 19 2017 18 19 20 21 22 23 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 30 28 28
13、29 30 31 APRIL MAY JUNE S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 1 1 2 3 4 5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 2625 26 27 28 29 30 23/30 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 2
14、7 28 29 30 JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 1111 12 13 14 15 16 17 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 2525 26 27 28 29 30 31 29
15、 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 19 20 21 22 23 24 2524/31 25 26 2
16、7 28 29 30 28 29 30 26 27 28 29 30 31 2022 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 13 14 15 16 17 18 1916 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 20 21 22 23 24 25 2
17、623/30 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 27 28 27 28 29 30 31 APRIL MAY JUNE S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 1110 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 1817 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 2
18、4 2524 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 1010 11 12 13 14 15 16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 1717 18 19 20 21 22 23 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22
19、23 24 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 30 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 11 12 13 14 15 16 1716 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 18 19
20、 20 21 22 23 2423/30 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 27 28 29 30 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 4CALENDARS2 0 2 42 0 2 3 2023 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 12 13 1
21、4 15 16 17 1822 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 19 20 21 22 23 24 2529 30 31 26 27 28 26 27 28 29 30 31 APRIL MAY JUNE S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 16
22、17 18 19 20 21 22 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 23/30 24 25 26 27 28 29 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
23、 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 23/30 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 1 2 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14
24、15 16 17 18 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 30 2024 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 1 2 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 14 15 16 17 18 19
25、 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 10 11 12 13 14 15 1621 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 17 18 19 20 21 22 2328 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 APRIL MAY JUNE S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 1 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 14 15 16 17 18 19
26、20 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 28 29 30 26 27 28 29 30 31 23/30 24 25 26 27 28 29 JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8 9 10 11 12
27、13 14 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 29 30 OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8
28、9 10 11 12 13 14 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31 305 ARCADIS HONG KONG LIMITEDARCADIS HONG KONG LIMITED ABOUT USArcadis is the leading global Design&Consultancy
29、for natural and built assets.Applying our deep market sector insights and collective design,consultancy,engineering and project management services we work in partnership with our clients to deliver exceptional and sustainable outcomes throughout the lifecycle of their natural and built assets.In As
30、ia,we have over 4,000 people covering the multiple market across all sectors focused on improving quality of life.Arcadis has a long history of leading expertise in providing Cost Management capabilities that ensure our clients projects are delivered with a competitive advantage,exceed project requi
31、rements and deliver sustainable outcomes.Our Cost Management heritage is particularly strong in Greater China having set-up our first office in Hong Kong back in 1949.We entered the Mainland China market in 1984,introducing modern Cost Management techniques to its newly evolving construction market.
32、Our initial commissions were from Hong Kong and foreign developers investing in China,however since then our client base has grown to include state-owned enterprises and local developers.We are committed to further extending our professional expertise to include new areas like whole-life costing,and
33、 supporting the growing number of clients in Asia who are looking for high quality Cost Management solutions as they embark on projects in other parts of the world.Furthermore,we have aligned our operating models to facilitate innovation,ease knowledge transfer and enable the sharing of best practic
34、es.We work to ensure clients have access to our best resources,delivering the most appropriate solutions,at a cost that meets their requirements.6ARCADIS HONG KONG LIMITED OUR CORE VALUESPeople FirstWe care for each other and create a safe and respectful working environment where our people can grow
35、,perform,and succeed.IntegrityWe always work to the highest professional and ethical standards and establish trust by being open,honest and responsible.Client SuccessWe are passionate about our clients success and bring insights,agility,and innovation to co-create value.SustainabilityWe base our act
36、ions for clients and communities on environmental responsibility and social and economic advancement.CollaborationWe value the power of diversity and our global capabilities and deliver excellence by working as One Arcadis.CONSTRUCTION COST DATA1Construction Costs for Hong KongM&E Costs for Hong Kon
37、g ACMV Costs for Various Designs and Developments in Hong Kong Fit-out Costs for Hong KongUnit Costs for Ancillary Facilities for Hong Kong Construction Costs for Selected Asian CitiesM&E Costs for Selected Asian Cities Major Rates for Selected Asian CitiesConstruction Cost SpecificationCONSTRUCTION
38、 COST DATA8CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 19 CONSTRUCTION COST DATACONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR HONG KONGBUILDING TYPEHK$/m2 CFABUILDING SERVICES TOTALDOMESTICApartments,high rise,public authority standard 8,850 -10,650 1,950 -2,350 10,800 -13,000Apartments,high rise,average standard 19,700 -21,850 3,900 -5,450 2
39、3,600 -27,300Apartments,high rise,high end 25,650 -29,050 4,950 -6,550 30,600 -35,600Terraced houses,average standard 28,300 -32,200 4,200 -5,300 32,500 -37,500Detached houses,high end 41,100 up 6,100 up 47,200 upOFFICE/COMMERCIALMedium/high rise offices,average standard 17,500 -19,600 6,000 -7,200
40、23,500 -26,800High rise offices,prestige quality 21,750 -24,500 6,250 -7,700 28,000 -32,200Out-of-town shopping centre,average standard 17,250 -20,350 5,950 -6,750 23,200 -27,100Retail malls,high end 23,450 -27,950 6,550 -7,750 30,000 -35,700CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR HONG KONGCONSTRUCTION COST DATA10Th
41、e above costs are at 4th Quarter 2021 levels.HOTELSBudget hotels-3-star,mid market 22,550 -22,800 7,150 -8,800 29,700 -31,600Business hotels-4/5-star 22,950 -26,200 7,750 -9,600 30,700 -35,800Luxury hotels-5-star 28,050 -31,300 7,750 -9,600 35,800 -40,900INDUSTRIALOwner operated factories,low rise,l
42、ight weight industry 15,450 -19,250 2,550-3,350 18,000 -22,600OTHERSUnderground/basement car parks(3 levels)22,600 -26,600 2,800 -3,700 25,400-30,300Multi storey car parks,above ground(4 levels)12,850 -14,600 2,350 -3,400 15,200 -18,000Schools(primary and secondary)16,850 -17,500 2,950 -3,800 19,800
43、 -21,300Students residences 17,950 -19,650 4,650 -5,750 22,600 -25,400Sports clubs,multi purpose sports/leisure centres(dry sports)with a/c and including FF&E 23,700 -26,100 5,900 -7,600 29,600 -33,700General hospitals-public sector 29,300 -30,950 8,300 -10,550 37,600 -41,500CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 1
44、11 CONSTRUCTION COST DATAM&E COSTS FOR HONG KONGBUILDING TYPEHK$/m2 CFA MECHANICAL SERVICES ELECTRICAL SERVICESFIRE SERVICES LIFTS/ESCALATORSHYDRAULIC SERVICESTOTALSERVICESDOMESTICApartments,high rise,public authority standard-600 -700 150 -200 300-350 900 -1,100 1,950 -2,350Apartments,high rise,ave
45、rage standard 800 -1,000 1,000 -1,300 300 -600 450-750 1,350 -1,800 3,900-5,450Apartments,high rise,high end 1,200 -1,500 1,300 -1,600 300-600 550-850 1,600-2,000 4,950-6,550Terraced houses,average standard 1,200 -1,500 1,300 -1,600 100-200-1,600 -2,000 4,200-5,300Detached houses,high end 2,000 up 2
46、,200 up 100 up-1,800 up 6,100 upOFFICE/COMMERCIALMedium/high rise offices,average standard 2,000 -2,300 2,000 -2,400 600-750 700-900 700 -850 6,000 -7,200High rise offices,prestige quality 2,100 -2,600 2,000 -2,400 600 -750 850-1,100 700 -850 6,250 -7,700Out-of-town shopping centre,average standard
47、2,100 -2,300 1,700 -2,000 600 -700 850-900 700 -850 5,950 -6,750Retail malls,high end 2,200 -2,600 2,200 -2,500 600 -750 850-1,000 700 -900 6,550 -7,750M&E COSTS FOR HONG KONGCONSTRUCTION COST DATA12The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2021 levels.HOTELSBudget hotels-3-star,mid market 2,200 -2,500 2,0
48、00 -2,400 600 -850 550 -750 1,800 -2,300 7,150 -8,800Business hotels-4/5-star 2,400 -2,600 2,200 -2,600 600-850 550 -850 2,000 -2,700 7,750 -9,600Luxury hotels-5-star 2,400 -2,600 2,200 -2,600 600 -850 550 -850 2,000 -2,700 7,750 -9,600INDUSTRIALOwner operated factories,low rise,light weight industr
49、y 300 -450 750 -900 450 -600 550 -750 500 -650 2,550 -3,350OTHERSUnderground/basement car parks(3 levels)800 -950 800 -1,000 450 -600 350 -450 400 -700 2,800 -3,700Multi storey car parks,above ground(4 levels)350 -650 800 -1,000 450 -600 350 -450 400 -700 2,350 -3,400Schools(primary and secondary)75
50、0 -950 1,000 -1,250 450 -550 200 -350 550 -700 2,950 -3,800Students residences 750 -950 1,700 -1,900 600 -850 200 -350 1,400 -1,700 4,650 -5,750Sports clubs,multi purpose sports/leisure centres(dry sports)with a/c and including FF&E 2,500 -3,000 1,800 -2,500 600 -850 350 -450 650 -800 5,900 -7,600Ge
51、neral hospitals-public sector 3,200 -4,000 2,500 -3,000 700 -950 400 -600 1,500 -2,000 8,300 -10,550CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 113 CONSTRUCTION COST DATAACMV COSTS FOR VARIOUS DESIGNSAND DEVELOPMENTS IN HONG KONG 2,0001,8009008002,6002,1001,5001,20005001,0001,5002,0002,5003,000HK$/m2 of Construction Flo
52、or Area3,3001,8002,0008002,1004,0002,0002,6001,5002,50005001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,500HK$/m2 of Construction Floor AreaCONSTRUCTION COST DATA1436,00035,00020,00014,00045,00040,00025,00018,00005,00010,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,00045,00050,000HK$/Tonne of Refrigeration45,00035,0
53、0036,00014,00035,00060,00040,00045,00018,00040,000010,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,000HK$/Tonne of RefrigerationCONSTRUCTION COST DATA 115 CONSTRUCTION COST DATAFIT-OUT COSTS FOR HONG KONG BUILDING TYPEHK$/m2HOTELSPublic Areas(Front of House):3-star Hotel 10,200 -15,3004-star Hotel 15,500 -21
54、,2005-star Hotel 21,500 upGuest Rooms:3-star Hotel 8,700 -10,3004-star Hotel 10,500 -13,8005-star Hotel 14,000 upNotes:1.Includesfurniture,floor,wallandceilingfinishes,drapery,sanitaryfittingsandlightfittings.2.Excludespartitioning,M&Eworks,buildingshell,chandeliers,operationalitemsandequipment(e.g.
55、cutlery,crockery,linen,television,refrigeratoretc.),openingexpenses,stageequipmentandcomputersystems.OFFICESGeneral office 6,200 -9,500Executive office 9,700 -13,300Prestige office 13,500 upNotes:1.Local/PRCfurnitureallowedforgeneraloffices.2.Includesfurniture,partitioning,electricalwork,minoraltera
56、tiontoair-conditioning,fireservicesandsuspendedceilingtosuitlayout.3.Excludestelephones,datacabling,officeequipment(puters,photocopiers,faxmachines,UPS,etc).The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2021 levels.CONSTRUCTION COST DATA16BUILDING TYPEHK$/m2DEPARTMENT STORESGeneral department store 7,700 -12,3
57、00Prestige department store 12,500 upNotes:1.Includeselectricalwork,additionalFCUandminoralterationoffireservicestosuitlayout.2.Excludesfacademodification,datacabling,operationalitemsandequipment(puters,P.O.S.,officeequipment)andopeningexpenses.RESTAURANTSGeneral dining restaurant 11,500 -19,600Fine
58、 dining restaurant 23,000 upNotes:1.Includesfurniture,floor,wallandceilingfinishes,electricalwork,minoralterationtoair-conditioningandfireservicesinstallationtosuitlayout,exhaustforkitchen.2.Excludesexhaustflue,operationalitems(e.g.cutlery,crockery,linen,utensils,etc.).The costs per square meter are
59、 based on fit-out area measured to the inner face of the perimeter wall.CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 117 CONSTRUCTION COST DATADESCRIPTIONUNITHK$SQUASH COURTSSingle court with glass backwall including associated mechanical and electrical services but excluding any public facilities(enclosing structure not
60、 included).per court720,000TENNIS COURTS Single court on grade with acrylic surfacing and complete with chain link fence.per court1,550,000Single court on grade with artificial turf surfacing and complete with chain link fence.per court1,750,000Extra for lighting.per court620,000SWIMMING POOLSHalf O
61、lympic(25m x 10.50m)outdoor swimming pool built on-grade,fully tiled;complete with 5m wide deck and associated pool equipment and ozonesystem.per pool10,300,000PLAYGROUND EQUIPMENTOutdoor playground equipment comprising various activities.per set330,000to 800,000UNIT COSTS FOR ANCILLARY FACILITIESFO
62、R HONG KONGThe above costs are at 4th Quarter 2021 levels.CONSTRUCTION COST DATA18DESCRIPTIONUNITHK$SAUNASSauna room for 4-6 people complete with all accessories(enclosing structure not included).per room300,000STEAM BATHS Steam bath for 4-6 people complete with all accessories(enclosing structure n
63、ot included).per room300,000GOLF COURSES(Based on average cost of an 18-hole golf course)Excluding associated buildings and equipment.per hole8,000,000to 14,000,000GREEN ROOFProprietary lightweight green roof system;with automatic irrigation system(roofing and roof structure not included).per m22,00
64、0to5,000VERTICAL GREENVertical green system;wire frame type,with automatic irrigation system(backgorund supporting wall not included).per m25,000to10,000CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 119 CONSTRUCTION COST DATABUILDING TYPEUS$/m2 CFA SHANGHAI+BEIJING+GUANGZHOU/SHENZHEN+CHONGQING/CHENGDU+DOMESTICApartments,h
65、igh rise,average standard 810-893 713-783 711-783 577-672 Apartments,high rise,high end 1,829-1,994 1,728-1,967 1,155-1,264 846-1,061Terraced houses,average standard 1,119-1,219 1,021-1,106 1,066-1,236 763-897Detached houses,high end 1,968-2,088 1,962-2,047 2,045-2,324 981-1,112OFFICE/COMMERCIALMedi
66、um/high rise offices,average standard 1,039-1,373 1,017-1,370 994-1,107 1,109-1,268 High rise offices,prestige quality 1,335-1,826 1,653-2,250 1,478-1,783 1,402-1,846Out-of-town shopping centre,average standard N/A 760-1,016 957-1,050 898-1,128Retail malls,high end 1,411-1,902 1,375-1,893 1,416-1,98
67、0 1,336-1,825HOTELSBudget hotels-3-star,mid market 1,137-1,386 1,125-1,386 1,282-1,410 1,202-1,460Business hotels-4/5-star 1,832-2,480 1,917-2,531 2,072-2,958 2,154-2,647Luxury hotels-5-star 2,477-2,961 2,440-3,141 2,817-3,105 2,649-3,132CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTEDASIAN CITIESCONSTRUCTION COSTS
68、FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIESCONSTRUCTION COST DATA20The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2021 levels,inclusive of preliminaries but exclusive of contingencies.+Schools(primary and secondary)are of public authority standard,no a/c and complete with basic external works.(Contd)INDUSTRIALIndustrial units,sh
69、ell only(Conventional single storey framed units)320-392 314-383 371-442 550-680Owner operated factories,low rise,light weight industry 495-620 607-696N/AN/AOTHERSUnderground/basement car parks(3 levels)849-1,184 869-955 657-1,048 514-710Multi storey car parks,above ground(4 levels)435-608 523-528 4
70、68-517 409-500Schools(primary and secondary)649-819 605-781 521-573 543-597Students residences 475-648 428-605 329-363 380-543Sports clubs,multi purpose sports/leisure centres(dry sports)1,095-1,345 1,036-1,045 908-998 856-938General hospitals-public sector 1,673-2,157 1,362-1,706 1,375-1,719 1,368-
71、1,692Exchange Rate Used :US$1=RMB 6.40RMB 6.40RMB 6.40RMB 6.40CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 121 CONSTRUCTION COST DATABUILDING TYPEUS$/m2 CFAHONG KONG MACAU SINGAPORE KUALALUMPURDOMESTICApartments,high rise,average standard 3,030-3,500 2,479-3,032 1,665-1,815 320-635 Apartments,high rise,high end 3,930-4,5
72、70 3,462-5,290 2,555-3,780 725-1,520Terraced houses,average standard 4,170-4,810 4,224-5,041 2,150-2,370 230-375 Detached houses,high end6,060 up5,152-6,7032,705-3,630 770-1,060OFFICE/COMMERCIALMedium/high rise offices,average standard 3,020-3,440 2,853-3,684 2,150-2,370 605-815 High rise offices,pr
73、estige quality 3,590-4,1303,684-4,030 2,405-2,595 950-1,380 Out-of-town shopping centre,average standard 2,980-3,480 2,687-4,0302,405-2,480 550-775Retail malls,high end 3,850-4,5804,224-5,097 2,555-2,780 705-1,085HOTELSBudget hotels-3-star,mid market 3,810-4,0603,754-4,252 2,665-2,965 1,030-1,520Bus
74、iness hotels-4/5-star 3,940-4,600 5,097-6,093 3,445-3,850 1,350-2,360Luxury hotels-5-star 4,600-5,2506,093-7,202 3,445-3,850 1,970-2,650CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTEDASIAN CITIESCONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES(Contd)CONSTRUCTION COST DATA22(Contd)The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2021
75、 levels,inclusive of preliminaries but exclusive of contingencies.Rates are exclusive of any management contract fee.Rates are nett of GST Includes raised floor and ceiling to tenanted areas but excludes office carpets(normally under tenants fit-out).Open on all sides with parapet.6-12 units per flo
76、or,46m2-83m2 per unit,exclude air-conditioning equipment,kitchen cabinets and home appliances.Terraced houses exclude air-conditioning,kitchen cabinets and home appliances.Offices exclude tenant fitout and raised floor.Offices exclude tenant fitout.Schools with standard governement provisions.Studen
77、t hostels to university standard.INDUSTRIALIndustrial units,shell only(Conventional single storey framed units)N/A N/A1,000-1,185330-470Owner operated factories,low rise,light weight industry 2,310-2,900N/AN/A435-560OTHERSUnderground/basement car parks(3 levels)3,260-3,890 2,229-3,2681,185-1,595 320
78、-570Multi storey car parks,above ground(4 levels)1,950-2,3101,232-1,621850-1,185 220-370Schools(primary and secondary)2,540-2,730 2,465-2,853N/A 255-330 Students residences 2,900-3,260 1,953-2,2712,000-2,110 305-390 Sports clubs,multi purpose sports/leisure centres(dry sports)3,800-4,330N/A 2,445-2,
79、595 610-785General hospitals-public sector 4,830-5,330N/A 3,445-3,630 860-1,255Exchange Rate Used :US$1=HK$7.79MOP 8.01S$1.35RM 4.15 Offices of average standard are built to the following provisions:(i)Curtain wall/window wall facade (ii)Tenant areas include screeded floor,painted wall and ceilingSc
80、hools(primary and secondary)are of public authority standard,no a/c and complete with basic external works.CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 123 CONSTRUCTION COST DATABUILDING TYPEUS$/m2 CFAMANILA INDIA BANGKOK HO CHI MINH&JAKARTA*DOMESTICApartments,high rise,average standard 1,047-1,384 635-715 714-846 662-82
81、1 852-965Apartments,high rise,high end 1,427-2,514 955-1,160 952-1,172 842-965 1,173-1,324Terraced houses,average standard 948-1,160 440-465 446-549 446-524 453-589Detached houses,high end 1,841-3,123 577-615 774-935 509-621 1,228-1,372OFFICE/COMMERCIALMedium/high rise offices,average standard 968-1
82、,263 490-550 790-937 774-895 841-932High rise offices,prestige quality 1,401-1,791 620-675 988-1,267 892-1,216 1,236-1,383Out-of-town shopping centre,average standard 824-1,026 480-540 674-873 N/A 724-801Retail malls,high end 1,124-1,575 675-745 905-954 723-946 797-864HOTELSBudget hotels-3-star,mid
83、market 1,229-1,520 895-990 1,234-1,365 1,436-1,757 1,462-1,727Business hotels-4/5-star 1,402-2,325 1,395-1,675 1,579-1,810 N/A 1,992-2,151Luxury hotels-5-star 1,939-3,683 1,765-1,955 1,842-2,139 1,813-2,175 2,113-2,383CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTEDASIAN CITIESCONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN C
84、ITIES(Contd)CONSTRUCTION COST DATA24The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2021 levels,inclusive of preliminaries but exclusive of contingencies.Rates include 12%VAT.Rates are based on projects in Bangalore and are nett of GST.Mumbai costs are generally 8%higher.The data for India is provided by Arkind
85、LS Private Limited,an Arcadis Alliance Partner.&Rates are nett of VAT and contingencies.Rates exclude VAT.*The data for Jakarta is provided by PT Lantera Sejahtera Indonesia.Rates exclude VATINDUSTRIALIndustrial units,shell only(Conventional single storey framed units)549-707 398-465 526-659 317-400
86、 390-425Owner operated factories,low rise,light weight industry 737-927 420-495N/A 359-474 423-467OTHERSUnderground/basement car parks(3 levels)612-819 315-345 593-790 657-784 601-738Multi storey car parks,above ground(4 levels)490-746 260-285 197-322 422-463 390-425Schools(primary and secondary)722
87、-996 325-365N/A 555-606N/AStudents residences 763-982 365-405N/A 555-713N/ASports clubs,multi purpose sports/leisure centres(dry sports)1,216-1,771 660-700N/A 821-877 1,224-1,835General hospitals-public sector 1,464-1,712 700-800N/AN/AN/AExchange Rate Used :US$1=PHP 50.77INR 74.39BAHT 33.889VND 23,4
88、50IDR 14,288CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 125 CONSTRUCTION COST DATAM&E COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIESM&E COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIESBUILDING TYPESHANGHAIBEIJINGGUANGZHOU/SHENZHENCHONGQING/CHENGDURMB/m2 CFARMB/m2 CFARMB/m2 CFARMB/m2 CFAMECHANICAL SERVICESOffices 838-1,055 783-1,212 783-1,162 778-1,050
89、Industrial*185-310 172-283 157-288 155-252Hotels 1,060-1,370 960-1,236 1,070-1,364 991-1,355Shopping Centres 820-985 814-980 722-920 930-1,060Apartment 336-440 144-464 154-414 161-317ELECTRICAL SERVICESOffices 658-735 494-893 545-803 518-734Industrial*330-462 342-483 323-464 287-388Hotels 717-906 75
90、5-1011 722-960 643-900Shopping Centres 572-710 515-725 505-697 572-729Apartment 277-403 271-426 288-505 246-363HYDRAULIC SERVICESOffices 117-172 98-144 104-186 95-132Industrial 94-136 98-144 90-125 100-137Hotels 397-540 381-495 394-505 387-514CONSTRUCTION COST DATA26The above costs are at 4th Quarte
91、r 2021 levels,exclusive of contingencies.*Generally without A/C.*Excludes special power supply.(Contd)Shopping Centres 148-197 144-206 115-170 110-161Apartment 180-242 175-236 152-283 108-189FIRE SERVICESOffices 245-341 186-273 232-354 261-314Industrial 170-280 155-232 144-275 147-253Hotels 312-416
92、226-387 288-429 293-394Shopping Centres 278-411 226-387 250-387 284-405Apartment 60-110 72-139 79-204 66-121LIFTS/ESCALATORSOffices 294-578 297-583 295-517 313-576Industrial 142-410 146-404 150-440 157-364Hotels 230-520 234-525 250-480 261-449Shopping Centres 342-520 330-525 325-470 317-474Apartment
93、 173-306 177-292 130-450 146-253CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 127 CONSTRUCTION COST DATAM&E COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIESM&E COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES(Contd)BUILDING TYPEHONG KONGMACAU SINGAPORE KUALALUMPURHK$/m2 CFAMOP/m2 CFAS$/m2 CFARM/m2 CFAMECHANICAL SERVICESOffices 2,000-2,600 N/A 194-300 360-
94、530Industrial*300-450 N/A 38-137 100-200Hotels 2,200-2,600 2,590 -2,990 251-324 345-640Shopping Centres 2,100-2,600 2,350 -2,940 170-284 340-510Apartment 800-2,000 up 900 -1,200 105-198 135-220ELECTRICAL SERVICESOffices 2,000-2,400 N/A 180-329 330-495Industrial*750-900 N/A 63-157 170-205Hotels 2,000
95、-2,600 2,590-3,090 322-427 340-580Shopping Centres 1,700-2,500 2,590-2,940 185-354 335-490Apartment 1,000-2,200up 1,000-1,290 127-274 125-225HYDRAULIC SERVICESOffices 700-850 N/A 30-64 50-75Industrial 500-650 N/A 21-42 50-60Hotels 1,800-2,700 1,790-2,190 141-198 200-290CONSTRUCTION COST DATA28*Gener
96、ally without A/C.*Excludes special power supply.Rates are nett of GST,excluding BAS.(Contd)The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2021 levels,exclusive of contingencies.Shopping Centres 700-900 600-790 53-93 40-45Apartment 1,350-2,000 1,490-1,990 91-166 60-105FIRE SERVICESOffices 600-750 N/A 36-80 70-90
97、Industrial 450-600 N/A 26-58 60-75Hotels 600-850 910-1,120 32-63 70-105Shopping Centres 600-750 610-810 42-63 65-85Apartment 100-600 250-300 27-60 25-35LIFTS/ESCALATORSOffices 700-1,100 N/A 74-188 150-375Industrial 550-750 N/A 47-121 60-185Hotels 550-850 610-810 57-95 120-310Shopping Centres 850-1,0
98、00 460-710 65-104 110-125Apartment 450-850 460-610 47-130 75-115CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 129 CONSTRUCTION COST DATABUILDING TYPE MANILA INDIA BANGKOK HO CHI MINH JAKARTA#PHP/m2 CFAINR/m2 CFABAHT/m2 CFAVND/m2 CFAIDR/m2 CFAMECHANICAL SERVICESOffices 4,000-8,030 5,366-7,485 4,400-4,800 2,390,000-3,400,00
99、0 1,022,000-1,177,000Industrial*800-1,600 2,520-4,778 1,550-1,600 N/A 463,000-740,000Hotels 3,500 -12,350 6,216-7,490 4,600-5,200 N/A 1,054,000-1,369,000Shopping Centres 2,890-7,070 5,476-7,629 4,600-4,800 2,690,000-3,580,000 900,000-1,081,000Apartment 1,390-4,940 2,825-4,029 4,300-4,500 1,790,000-2
100、,460,000 1,006,000-1,278,000ELECTRICAL SERVICESOffices 3,500-8,140 4,851-7,415 3,400-3,800 2,470,000-2,960,000 826,000-1,054,000Industrial*2,000-3,500 2,856-5,270 1,950-2,200 N/A 585,000-729,000Hotels 4,900-10,200 5,381-8,159 3,800-4,500 N/A 851,000-1,172,000Shopping Centres 3,060-6,600 4,625-6,880
101、2,800-3,200 2,240,000-2,800,000 719,000-905,000Apartment 3,600-6,300 2,447-3,563 2,800-3,400 2,170,000-2,740,000 948,000-1,107,000HYDRAULIC SERVICES Offices 1,260-2,260 840-1,439 780-950 380,000-710,000 208,000-293,000Industrial 820-1,440 578-1,124 750-790 N/A 138,000-213,000Hotels 2,310-7,010 4,421
102、-7,394 1,400-1,750 N/A 995,000-1,172,000M&E COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIESM&E COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES(Contd)CONSTRUCTION COST DATA30(Contd)#The data for Jakarta is provided by PT Lantera Sejahtera Indonesia.Rates exclude VAT*Generally without A/C.*Excludes special power supply.Transformer,i
103、ncluded in Electrical Services.The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2021 levels,exclusive of contingencies.Rates are based on projects in Bangalore and are nett of GST.Mumbai costs are generally 8%higher.The data for India is provided by Arkind LS Private Limited,an Arcadis Alliance PartnerShopping Ce
104、ntres 1,250-1,650 1,260-2,531 790-950 310,000-560,000 197,000-304,000Apartment 2,310-4,210 1,995-3,066 1,200-1,450 740,000-860,000 1,006,000-1,192,000FIRE SERVICESOffices 1,180-2,070 1,355-1,963 780-850 735,000-1,210,000 283,000-373,000Industrial 1,080-3,000 620-947 730-750 N/A 149,000-213,000Hotels
105、 1,320-2,630 1,575-2,236 780-890 N/A 330,000-410,000Shopping Centres 1,310-2,080 1,297-1,664 780-850 670,000-820,000 277,000-324,000Apartment 1,140-1,550 725-958 750-890 580,000-720,000 314,000-341,000LIFTS/ESCALATORSOffices 1,800-4,930 1,071-1,434 1,100-1,400 730,000-1,400,000 441,000-1,059,000Indu
106、strial 0-730 714-942 N/A N/A N/AHotels 1,800-3,500 1,607-2,381 1,100-1,400 N/A 703,000-1,097,000Shopping Centres 1,600-3,010 1,880-2,450 300-500 1,500,000-2,100,000 324,000-873,000Apartment 850-3,440 966-1,284 600-800 820,000-1,200,000 714,000-889,000 Based upon nett enclosed area and nett of VAT.CO
107、NSTRUCTION COST DATA 131 CONSTRUCTION COST DATADESCRIPTIONSHANGHAIBEIJINGGUANGZHOU/SHENZHENCHONGQING/CHENGDUUNITRMBRMBRMBRMB1.Excavating basement 2.00m deepm3 30 35 40 352.Excavating for footings 1.50m deepm3 30 40 40 353.Remove excavated materials off sitem3 160 160 150 654.Hardcore bed blinded wit
108、h fine materialsm3 210 220 210 1805.Mass concrete grade 15m3 800 750 740 5806.Reinforced concrete grade 30m3 850 850 800 6107.Mild steel rod reinforcementkg 6.5 7.6 7.5 6.28.High tensile rod reinforcementkg 6.5 7.6 7.5 6.29.Sawn formwork to soffits of suspended slabsm2 95 90 90 7510.Sawn formwork to
109、 columns and wallsm2 90 85 85 7511.112.5mm thick brick wallsm2 105*80 100 8012.Kliplok Colorbond 0.64mm profiled steel sheetingm2 N/A N/A N/A N/AMAJOR RATES FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIESMAJOR RATES FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIESCONSTRUCTION COST DATA32(Contd)*Rate for double glazed window.*Rate for 120mm thi
110、ck concrete block wallsThe above costs are at 4th Quarter 2021 levels and are based on lump sum fixed price contract rates exclusive of preliminaries and contingencies.13.Aluminium casement windows,single glazedm2 780 850*700 800*14.Structural steelwork-beams,stanchions and the likekg 11 14.5 14 101
111、5.Steelwork-angles,channels,flats and the likekg 9.5 13 12 916.25mm cement and sand(1:3)pavingm2 36 34 36 3517.20mm cement and sand(1:4)plaster to wallsm2 36 34 36 3518.Ceramic tiles bedded to floor screed(measured separately)m2 160 155 155 15019.12mm fibrous plasterboard ceiling liningm2 160 162 16
112、5 15020.Two coats of emulsion paint to plastered surfacesm2 42 34 35 35Average expected preliminaries%6-12 5-12 7-10 6-12CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 133 CONSTRUCTION COST DATADESCRIPTIONHONG KONGMACAUSINGAPORE KUALA LUMPURUNITHK$MOPS$RM1.Excavating basement 2.00m deepm3 220 150 26 16-272.Excavating for f
113、ootings 1.50m deepm3 200 180 26 16-273.Remove excavated materials off sitem3 290 150 20-26 18-354.Hardcore bed blinded with fine materialsm3 940 1,300 63 72-1105.Mass concrete grade 15m3 1,150 1,500 235-248 230-3006.Reinforced concrete grade 30m3 1,250 1,400 159-165 250-3107.Mild steel rod reinforce
114、mentkg 12 7.5 1.95-2.05 4.0-5.58.High tensile rod reinforcementkg 12 7.5 1.95-2.05 4.0-5.59.Sawn formwork to soffits of suspended slabsm2 400 280 51 40-5010.Sawn formwork to columns and wallsm2 400 280 51 40-5011.112.5mm thick brick wallsm2 400 450 41.5-47.0 43-5212.Kliplok Colorbond 0.64mm profiled
115、 steel sheetingm2 1,100 N/A 50.5 72-100MAJOR RATES FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIESMAJOR RATES FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES(Contd)CONSTRUCTION COST DATA34(Contd)Rates are nett of GST.Rate for lean concrete blinding.The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2021 levels and are based on lump sum fixed price contract r
116、ates exclusive of preliminaries and contingencies.13.Aluminium casement windows,single glazedm2 4,000 4,000 340 390-68014.Structural steelwork-beams,stanchions and the likekg 37 30 6.0-6.7 7.2-1115.Steelwork-angles,channels,flats and the likekg 45 40 6.0-6.7 7.2-1116.25mm cement and sand(1:3)pavingm
117、2 155 120 25 18-2717.20mm cement and sand(1:4)plaster to wallsm2 160 150 26 19-3018.Ceramic tiles bedded to floor screed(measured separately)m2 400 450 85 60-10019.12mm fibrous plasterboard ceiling liningm2 570 650 35.5 36-5020.Two coats of emulsion paint to plastered surfacesm2 120 200 4.1-4.7 3.5-
118、5.5Average expected preliminaries%10-15 10 14-18 6-15 Rate including dumping charges.CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 135 CONSTRUCTION COST DATADESCRIPTIONMANILAINDIABANGKOKHO CHI MINH#JAKARTA UNITPHPINRBAHTVNDIDR1.Excavating basement 2.00m deepm3 300 255 120-150 72,400 70,0002.Excavating for footings 1.50m d
119、eepm3 538 235 140-180 72,400 105,0003.Remove excavated materials off sitem3 350 N/A 120-150 84,700 50,0004.Hardcore bed blinded with fine materialsm3 1,400-1,600 4,800-5,000 650-750 280,900 680,0005.Mass concrete grade 15m3 4,500 6,735 2,300-2,500 1,606,400 1,100,0006.Reinforced concrete grade 30m3
120、6,300 8,430 2,800-3,200 1,912,291 1,140,0007.Mild steel rod reinforcementkg 63-65 75 25-28 23,480 14,3008.High tensile rod reinforcementkg 64-67 68-71 25-28 23,480 14,5009.Sawn formwork to soffits of suspended slabsm2 950-1,200 700-750 450-500 235,000 250,00010.Sawn formwork to columns and wallsm2 1
121、,200 780-825 450-500 280,000 200,00011.112.5mm thick brick wallsm2 N/A 1,240-1,250 650-850 312,780 250,00012.Kliplok Colorbond 0.64mm profiled steel sheetingm2 1,500 1,900-1,950 1,200 480,000-680,000 350,000MAJOR RATES FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIESMAJOR RATES FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES(Contd)CONSTRUCTION
122、 COST DATA36 Rate for aluminium with anodized finish;6mm thick.The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2021 levels and are based on lump sum fixed price contract rates exclusive of preliminaries and contingencies.All rates above are Supply and Fix,based on projects in Bangalore and are nett of GST.Mumbai
123、 costs are generally 8%higher.The data for India is provided by Arkind LS Private Limited,an Arcadis Alliance Partner.13.Aluminium casement windows,single glazedm2 12,500 6,500-6,790 7,200 6,630,750 1,650,00014.Structural steelwork-beams,stanchions and the likekg 180 145 55-70 53,515 33,00015.Steelw
124、ork-angles,channels,flats and the likekg 160 145 55-70 53,515 33,00016.25mm cement and sand(1:3)pavingm2 650 500-550 200-260 94,000 90,00017.20mm cement and sand(1:4)plaster to wallsm2 500-700 400-450 220-280 144,000 100,00018.Ceramic tiles bedded to floor screed(measured separately)m2 1,800 1,800-1
125、,925 1,200 674,180 200,00019.12mm fibrous plasterboard ceiling liningm2 1,400-1,700 1,450-1,550 750-850 255,700 215,00020.Two coats of emulsion paint to plastered surfacesm2 500-800 220-250 140-180 96,000 35,000Average expected preliminaries%12-18 9-13 12-188-128-10 Rates are nett of VAT.#Rates are
126、nett of VAT.The data for Jakarta is provided by PT Lantera Sejahtera Indonesia.Rates exclude VAT.CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 137 CONSTRUCTION COST DATABUILDING TYPEOUTLINE SPECIFICATIONDOMESTICApartments,high rise,average standardApartment units with fit-out,including air-conditioning,kitchen cabinets an
127、d home appliances,but excluding decorative light fittings and loose furnitureApartments,high rise,high endApartment units with good quality fit-out,including air-conditioning,kitchen cabinets and home appliances,but excluding decorative light fittings and loose furnitureTerraced houses,average stand
128、ardHouses with fit-out,including air-conditioning,kitchen cabinets and home appliances,but excluding decorative light fittings,loose furniture,garden and parkingDetached houses,high endHouses with good quality fit-out,including air-conditioning,kitchen cabinets and home appliances,but excluding deco
129、rative light fittings,loose furniture,garden and parkingOFFICE/COMMERCIALMedium/high rise offices,average standardRC structure,curtain wall,including public area fit-out,tenant area with raised floor/carpet,painted wall and false ceilingHigh rise offices,prestige qualityCONSTRUCTION COST SPECIFICATI
130、ONCONSTRUCTION COST SPECIFICATIONCONSTRUCTION COST DATA38(Contd)Out-of-town shopping centre,average standardIncluding public area fit-out and M&E,but excluding shop fit-outRetail malls,high endHOTELSBudget hotels-3-star,mid market1)Including interior decoration,furniture(fixed and movable),and speci
131、al light fittings(chandeliers,etc.)2)Excluding Operating Supplies and Equipment(OS&E).Business hotels-4/5-starLuxury hotels-5-starINDUSTRIALIndustrial units,shell only(Conventional single storey framed units)RC structure with steel roof and M&E to main distribution,but excluding a/c,heating and ligh
132、tingOwner operated factories,low rise,light weight industryRC structure,including small office with simple fit-out and M&E,but excluding a/c and heatingCONSTRUCTION COST DATA 139 CONSTRUCTION COST DATABUILDING TYPEOUTLINE SPECIFICATIONOTHERSUnderground/basement car parks(3 levels)RC structureMulti s
133、torey car parks,above ground(4 levels)RC structure,natural ventilaion,no facade enclosureSchools(primary and secondary)Including fit-out and a/c,but excluding educational equipmentStudents residencesIncluding fit-out,loose furniture and a/cSports clubs,multi purpose sports/leisure centres(dry sports
134、)Dry sports(no swimming pool)and are for leisure centre type schemes including main sports hall,ancillary sports facilities,changing and showers,restaurant/cafe,bar,etc.Costs include a/c,Furniture,Fittings and Equipment(FF&E).General hospitals-public sectorExcluding medical and operating equipmentCO
135、NSTRUCTION COST SPECIFICATIONCONSTRUCTION COST SPECIFICATION(Contd)CONSTRUCTION COST DATA40Notes:1.The costs for the respective categories given above are averages based on fixed price competitive tenders.It must be understood that the actual cost of a building will depend upon the design and many o
136、ther factors and may vary from the figures shown.2.The costs per square metre are based on Construction Floor Areas(CFA)measured to the outside face of the external walls/external perimeter including lift shafts,stairwells,balconies,plant rooms,water tanks and the like.3.The costs include foundation
137、 and substructure.4.All bulidings are assumed to have no basements(except otherwise stated)and are built on flat ground,with normal soil and site condition.The costs exclude site formation works,external works,land cost,professional fees,finance and legal expenses.5.The standard for each category of
138、 building varies from region to region and do not necessary follow that of each other.6.All costs are in US$/m2 CFA.Fluctuation in exchange rates may lead to changes in construction costs expressed in U.S.dollars.2GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATAGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA422022 Outlook (China,Hong Kong and
139、Macau)Building Cost Trends in Hong Kong Material Prices in Hong KongLabour Index in Hong Kong Labour Wages in Hong KongEstimating Rules of Thumb&Design NormsConstruction Activity in Hong KongConstruction Value in Hong KongHong Kong General Construction InsuranceSpecified Forms for Buildings Ordinanc
140、e or Regulations for Hong KongSummary of Building Regulations for Hong KongPercentage Site Coverage and Plot Ratio for Hong KongEvolving Regulations for Green Building in ChinaProcurement Strategies and Form of ContractConstruction Workdone ForecastGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA
141、243 2022 OUTLOOK CHINAIn the first three quarters of 2021,Chinas GDP growth was(+)9.8%YoY,and the quarterly GDP growths of Q1 to Q3 were(+)11.8%,(+)7.9%and(+)4.9%respectively.The declining growth rate matched the significant GDP drop caused by the lock down period of COVID-19 in Q1 2020 and the rebo
142、und in the following quarters.Vaccine rollouts across China and government anti-epidemic measures provided some relief about the pandemic and well controlled the threat to the people and economy.However,the worldwide rapid spread of Delta and Omicron variants have increased the uncertainty of risks.
143、COVID-19 outbreaks in certain areas of China are still occurring.In October 2021,the IMF(International Money Fund)announced that the China 2021 GDP was forecast to be 8.0%.Up to November 2021,real estate investment and the sales of commercial buildings reached an increase of(+)6.0%and(+)8.5%respecti
144、vely,while the area of land sale decreased by(-)11.2%YoY.The completed construction areas and new commencement areas increased by(+)6.3%and decreased by(-)9.1%respectively(according to National Bureau of Statistics(NBS).Land sales area has been in continuing decline for three consecutive years,and t
145、he construction output is anticipated to reduce accordingly.In Q2 2021,the Ministry of Natural Resources initiated a new centralized land sale policy,which aims to limit the land auctions to three times in a year while raising supply for bidding at each auction in 22 key cities,including Beijing,Sha
146、nghai and Shenzhen.It further raised the financial threshold of real estate markets since the tightened funding policy dubbed“the three red lines”,released in Q3 2020.GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA44(Contd)On another hand,China announced that it would aim to achieve peak CO2 emissions before 2030 and car
147、bon neutrality before 2060.In October 2021,the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council released a guideline to implement the carbon peak and neutrality under the new development philosophy.The guideline stressed upgrading the industrial structure,including promoting g
148、reen agriculture,and advancing peak carbon in steel,non-ferrous metals,petrochemical,building materials,transportation,construction,and other industries.This could further increase building construction costs.The construction wages have an increase of(+)3%-(+)4%in different cities of mainland China.
149、Basic construction product costs fluctuated in price with rebar(+)15%,steel(+)15%,concrete(+)6%,cement(+)26%,copper(+)20%,aluminium(+)17%YoY.Tender prices recorded an increase of(+)5.5%in 2021.The growth of construction wages is anticipated to be(+)4%and above in the coming year.Moreover,due to the
150、advancing peak carbon emission in construction materials,we anticipate that major materials will rise in price.We anticipate that construction costs will increase by 3%in 2022 and 2023.GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA245 2022 OUTLOOK HONG KONGThe economic and construction activiti
151、es recovered from the adverse effects of the global COVID-19 pandemic in 2021.After the trough in the previous year,the Gross Domestic Product(GDP)grew by 8%and 7.6%in Q1 and Q2 2021and moderated with 5.4%growth YoY based on Q3 2021.Deflation in the second-half of 2020 ended in January 2021 whilst t
152、he Consumer Price Index(CPI)reached the peak of(+)3.7%YoY in July 2021 and recorded(+)1.8%YoY in November 2021.Construction activity in the private and public sectorsConstruction activity levels in Hong Kong had been recovering in 2021.The overall gross value of work performed rose by 2.4%YoY based
153、on Q3 2021.Regarding the private sector,the gross value of performed private works increased by 7.4%YoY.The limited operation of the government departments had led to low consent approval to commence private construction works in the previous year.Consequently,commencement and completion of private
154、construction works dropped by 24.4%and 1.5%respectively based on the past 12 months up to October 2021.Gross value of performed public works increased by 4.3%YoY based on Q3 2021.Upto the third quarter of financial year of 2021/22,the Hong Kong Legislative Council approved HK$129 billion Capital Wor
155、ks Reserve Fund for proposed public works,which is 31%more than the approved fund in the same period last year.The proposals include large scale development projects such as the Chinese Medicine Hospital at Tseung Kwan O,the New Acute Hospital at Kai Tak,and the Expansion of North District Hospital,
156、which are commencing in 2021/22.Housing and land supplyPursuant to the Policy Address 2021,the government has identified 350 hectares of land to provide 330,000 public housing units in the coming 10-year period,slightly higher than the figure announced in the last year,i.e.301,000 units.Nonetheless,
157、it is anticipated by the government that only one-third of the expected provision of public housing units would be completed in the first five years.It is challenging to target achieving the plan by completing the remaining two-third of expected provision of public housing units within another five
158、years.In order to accelerate the construction of housing,the Policy Address 2021 mentioned the intention to widely adopt Modular Integrated Construction(MiC)GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA46and other innovative construction technology by the Housing Authority and the Housing Society.For private housing,th
159、e expected provision in the coming 10-year period is 100,000 units,which is fewer than the announced figure of last year,i.e.129,000 units.Railway property development and land sales are expected to continue to be the main source of private housing supply in the coming years.Cost of materials and la
160、bourThe Tender Price Index(TPI)increased by 2.3%YoY based on Q4 2021.The price of steel continued to soar throughout 2021 and increased significantly by 65%YoY based on the period between August and October 2021.Meanwhile,the price of diesel fuel also notably rose by 14%YoY.Prices of cement,sand and
161、 basic materials rose less significantly in the same period.The construction labour wages remained stable in 2021.Wages of welders,plumbers,painters and general workers marginally increased while wages of concretors and carpenters dropped.In October 2021,the Hong Kong Construction Industry Employees
162、 General Union announced that it was maintaining a salary freeze for the third consecutive year.Looking forwardLooking ahead to 2022,Arcadis is cautiously optimistic about the construction activity level in both private and public sectors because of the good signs in 2021,which include risen consent
163、 to commence building works in the private sector,increased approved fundings for public works,and the governments strive for more public and private housing supply,whilst being mindful of the potential threat of suspension or delay of construction works again as a new wave of the pandemic is spread
164、ing around the globe.With all these in mind,it is anticipated that the construction costs will rise by 3%in 2022 and 1.5%in 2023.GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA247 2022 OUTLOOK MACAUIn the first half of 2021,the economy of Macao displayed signs of improvement.Growth was recorded
165、with respect to services exports,goods exports,private consumption expenditure and gross fixed capital formation.As reported by the Macao Government Economic Bureau,the Gross Domestic Product(GDP)for the first half of the year was MOP 116.15 billion,with a real growth of 25.7%.Inbound visitors from
166、the Mainland continued to grow in the first half of 2021,leading to a growth of services exports of 90.7%YoY.The hotel sector was spurred by the reactivation of visitor arrivals.The total number of hotels as at the end of June 2021 was 78,having increased by 1 number YoY,providing a total of 34,000
167、guest rooms.Among them,32 number of the hotels are five-star hotels,providing 21,000 guest rooms.The occupancy rate for 5-star hotels was 49.5%,increased by 26.8%YoY.Gaming services is also on the track of recovery,with gross gaming revenue increased by 45.5%YoY to MOP 49.39 billion.The unemployment
168、 rate was 2.9%,which has increased by 0.4 percentage point YoY,with under-employment rate up 0.1 percentage point YoY to 3.5%.Looking into the construction industry in 2021,it was the Government projects that have mainly driven the construction market in Macao,particularly the public housing project
169、s and civil engineering projects.Due to the impact of COVID-19 and the economic turndown,investment appears to be conservative and a number of Hotel and Gaming Alteration and Additions(A&A)projects have been slowed-down or suspended.According to DSEC(Macao Statistics and Census Service),the overall
170、price of construction materials has increased by 10%YoY as of 3rd Quarter 2021,while the construction workers wages has increased by 4.3%YoY as of Q3 2021.The increase in construction materials prices is mainly driven by the increase in supply prices for steel,concrete and sand.GENERAL CONSTRUCTION
171、DATA48Looking forward to 2022,the challenges facing Macao will be multi-factor including the uncertainty in the time frame for the tourism industry recovery and the relieving of travel restriction due to the continuous continuing impact of the COVID-19 pandemic,the uncertainty on the renewal of Gami
172、ng licenses by the Macao Government,China-US economic tensions and the slowdown in Chinas economic growth.Notwithstanding the above,the Chinese Central Authorities plan for building the Guangdong-Macao in-depth cooperation zone in Hengqin give rise to a positive impact to Macao.This will facilitate
173、Macaos better integration into the development of the Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area,which can provide abundant job opportunities and a broader platform for the economic and social cooperation between Guangdong and Macao.As it is anticipated that the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on th
174、e economy will not be totally diminished in the coming one or two years and taking into account the above multiple factors,we anticipate that the construction costs will slightly increase by 0.5%in 2022 and 1.5%in 2023 respectively.CONSTRUCTION COST TREND PREDICTIONREGION202120222023China(+)5.5%(+)3
175、%(+)3%Hong Kong(+)2.3%(+)3%(+)1.5%Macau(-)2%(+)0.5%(+)1.5%GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA249 BUILDING COST TRENDS IN HONG KONGYEARINDEX(Base=100,at Year 1970)Q1Q2Q3Q4 2011 1,385 1,425 1,452 1,491 2012 1,511 1,552 1,595 1,632 2013 1,688 1,713 1,747 1,786 2014 1,789 1,808 1,857 1,9
176、03 2015 1,946 1,958 1,963 1,984 2016 1,992 1,992 1,993 1,986 2017 1,975 1,968 1,957 1,946 2018 1,920 1,910 1,885 1,868 2019 1,848 1,835 1,818 1,800 2020 1,785 1,775 1,757 1,740 2021 1,740 1,760 1,780 1,7807009001,1001,3001,5001,7001,9002,100 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21YearArcadis Tender Price I
177、ndexGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA50(Contd)Source:Architectural Services Department,Hong Kong,SAR Refer to www.archsd.gov.hk for further information.*Up to Q2 onlyYEARINDEX(Base=100,at Year 1970)Q1Q2Q3Q4 2011 1,273 1,320 1,369 1,408 2012 1,414 1,438 1,467 1,496 2013 1,516 1,532 1,559 1,590 2014 1,621 1,6
178、48 1,679 1,703 2015 1,732 1,761 1,777 1,775 2016 1,775 1,776 1,783 1,781 2017 1,779 1,776 1,773 1,768 2018 1,755 1,727 1,708 1,698 2019 1,695 1,686 1,675 1,652 2020 1,641 1,623 1,618 1,625 2021*1,631 1,620 5008001,1001,4001,7002,000 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21YearArchSD Building Works Tender Pr
179、ice IndexGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA251 BUILDING COST TRENDS IN HONG KONG*1/21 to 8/21 onlySource:Civil Engineering and Development Department,Hong Kong,SAR Refer to www.cedd.gov.hk/eng/publications/standards-spec-handbooks-cost/index.html for further information.YEARHyD CONS
180、T.COST INDEX(Nov.1975 Value=100)2011 1,075 2012 1,127 2013 1,191 2014 1,256 2015 1,282 2016 1,323 2017 1,429 2018 1,501 2019 1,477 2020 1,455 2021*1,5719001,1001,3001,5001,7001112131415161718192021YearHighways Department Construction Cost IndexGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA52*up to Q2 only#Provisional So
181、urce:Civil Engineering and Development Department,Hong Kong,SAR Refer to www.cedd.gov.hk/eng/publications/standards-spec-handbooks-cost/index.html for further information.BUILDING COST TRENDS IN HONG KONGYEARCEDD CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS TENDER PRICE INDEX(2010 Q1=100)Q1Q2Q3Q4 2011129129111104 201213
182、2133131148 2013134135140137 2014143142146154 2015161146143133 2016142136122128 2017127129122122 201811810011794 20199410298103 2020113110110104 2021*121129#80100120140160180 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21YearCEDD Civil Engineering Works Tender Price IndexGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCT
183、ION DATA253 MATERIAL PRICES IN HONG KONGGALVANIZED MILD STEEL PLATESource:Census and Statistics Department,Hong Kong,SAR Refer to www.censtatd.gov.hk for further information.REBAR5101520251112131415161718192021YearHKD(000)/tonne0123456781112131415161718192021YearHKD(000)/tonne High Tensile Steel Bar
184、s,10mm-40mmGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA54(Contd)SAND ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENTSource:Census and Statistics Department,Hong Kong,SAR Refer to www.censtatd.gov.hk for further information.0501001502002503003501112131415161718192021YearHKD/tonne5506006507007508008509001112131415161718192021YearHKD/tonneGENE
185、RAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA255 Source:Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC)Refer to www.opec.org for further information.Source:International Monetary Fund Refer to www.imf.org for further information.CRUDE OIL COPPER GRADE AMATERIAL PRICES IN HONG KONG024681012
186、1112131415161718192021YearUS$(000)/tonne0204060801001201401112131415161718192021YearUS$/barrel OPEC Basket PriceGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA56Source:Census and Statistics Department,Hong Kong,SAR Refer to www.censtatd.gov.hk for further information.LABOUR INDEX IN HONG KONGFigures above are the quarter
187、ly average of the monthly indices*1/21 to 9/21 onlyYEARINDEX(Base=100,at April 2003)Q1Q2Q3Q4 2011 90 90 91 94 2012 95 95 96 102 2013 109 111 113 115 2014 117 121 126 133 2015 138 141 143 145 2016 146 150 152 153 2017 154 157154152 2018 149 148 149149 2019 149 149152153 2020 155 156 153150 2021*150 1
188、551558090100110120130140150160 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21*YearIndexGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA257 LABOUR WAGES IN HONG KONGSTRUCTURALSource:Census and Statistics Department,Hong Kong,SAR Refer to www.censtatd.gov.hk for further information.ARCHITECTURAL-BASIC WORKS40070
189、01,0001,3001,6001,9002,2002,5001112131415161718192021YearHK$/Day Bar bender and fixer Carpenter(formwork)Concretor4006008001,0001,2001,4001,6001112131415161718192021YearHK$/Day General welder Bricklayer General workersGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA58(Contd)ARCHITECTURAL-DECORATIVE WORKS M&ESource:Census
190、and Statistics Department,Hong Kong,SAR Refer to www.censtatd.gov.hk for further information.4006008001,0001,2001,4001,6001112131415161718192021YearHK$/Day Plasterer Joiner Painter4006008001,0001,2001,4001,6001112131415161718192021YearHK$/Day Plumber Electrical fitter Mechanical fitterGENERAL CONSTR
191、UCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA259 ESTIMATING RULES OF THUMB AND DESIGN NORMSCFA To GFA Ratio Building Type CFA:GFAResidential 1.15 to 1.25:1 Office/Commercial 1.15 to 1.25:1Hotel 1.30 to 1.45:1The above ratios do not include any associated car parking area.Functional Area Distribution in 5-St
192、ar HotelsFunctional Area%of Total Hotel CFAFront of House 15-20%Guestroom Floors 50-60%Back of House 25-30%Dimensions of Typical Grade A Office SpaceComponent DimensionDistance from curtain wall to core wall 9-13 mPopulation 9 m2 usable floor area/personAverage waiting interval for lifts 30-40 secon
193、dsDensity of Basic Materials for StructureMaterial DensityConcrete 2,400 kg/m3Cement 1,450 kg/m3Sand 1,600 kg/m3Aggregate 1,600 kg/m3Steel 7,843 kg/m3Average Loads VolumeLorry(24 ton)10.0 m3Concrete truck(24 ton)5.5 m3Barge 200-1,450 m3HONG KONGGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA60Average Piling Ratio-Bored P
194、iles Building Type m2 CFA/m2 cross section area of pilesResidential 200-330 Office/Commercial 200-300Hotel 200-330Average Piling Ratio-Driven H-PilesBuilding Type m2 CFA/No.of pilesResidential 60-120 Office/Commercial 60-110Hotel 60-120Average Piling Ratio-Pre-Bored H-PilesBuilding Type m2 CFA/No.of
195、 pilesResidential 70-150 Office/Commercial 70-140Hotel 70-150All pile ratios are for high-rise buildings with normal soil conditions.Building Structure-Concrete RatioConcrete/floor area 0.4 m3/m2 to 0.5 m3/m2Formwork/floor area 2.2 m2/m2 to 3.0 m2/m2Reinforcement 160 kg/m3 to 250 kg/m3Average Extern
196、al Wall/Floor RatioResidential Apartments 1.2 m2/m2Office,Hotel 0.4 m2/m2Industrial 0.4 m2/m2(Contd)HONG KONG(Contd)GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA261 ESTIMATING RULES OF THUMB AND DESIGN NORMSAverage Internal Wall/Floor Ratio Residential Apartments 1.0 m2/m2 Office 0.5 m2/m2Hote
197、l 1.5 m2/m2The above ratios are indicative and for reference purposes only.They do not account for buildings with special shapes,configurations or particularly small foot prints.Average Lighting Level Building Type LuxResidential 300 Office 500Retail 400Hotel 300School 300-500Average Power DensityBu
198、ilding Type VA/m2 CFAResidential 80-100 Office 70Retail 300-400Hotel-Accommodation 30Hotel-F&B Area 550School 50Average Cooling LoadBuilding Type m2 Cooling Area/RTResidential 18-23 Office 14-18Retail 12-14Hotel 23School 23HONG KONG(Contd)GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA62Dimensions of Parking Spaces Minim
199、umType of Vehicle Length Width Headroom Private Cars and Taxis 5 m 2.5 m 2.4 mLight Goods Vehicles 7 m 3.5 m 3.6 mMedium/Heavy Goods Vehicle 11 m 3.5 m 4.7 mContainer Vehicles 16 m 3.5 m 4.7 mCoaches and Buses 12 m 3.5 m 3.8 mLight buses 8 m 3 m 3.3 mMinimum headroom means the clearance between the
200、floor and the lower most projection from the ceiling including any lighting units,ventilation ducts,conduits or similar.Indicative Dimensions for Sports Grounds Length WidthTennis Court 40 m 20 mSquash Court 10 m 6.4 mBasketball Court 34 m 20 mVolleyball Court 36 m 20 mBadminton Court 20 m 10 mIce R
201、ink 61 m 26 mSoccer Pitch 120 m 90 mThe above dimensions are for a single court with appropriate clearance.No spectator seating or support area has been allowed.(Contd)HONG KONG(Contd)GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA263 ESTIMATING RULES OF THUMB AND DESIGN NORMSCHINA&HONG KONGBuil
202、ding Type China Hong Kong*DOMESTICApartments2.02.0OFFICE/COMMERCIALOffice2.03.0Shopping Arcade3.55.0HOTELSHotel2.02.0INDUSTRIALIndustrial,light duty4.05.0OTHERSCarpark,private cars2.53.0School2.53.0Theatre,Sports Hall,etc.4.05.0Hospital2.02.5Source:Load Code for the Design of Building Structures,GB
203、50009-2012,Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development,PRC*Code of Practice for Dead and Imposed Loads 2011,Buildings Department,HKSARMinimum Imposed Loads(kPa)for Building DesignGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA64CHINASeismic Precautionary Intensity ZoningAs stipulated in PRC National Standard GB 50011
204、-2010(Code for Seismic Design of Buildings)2016,geographic regions which are classified as Level 6 or above in Seismic Precautionary Intensity Classification should incorporate seismic measures in the design of the structure and foundations.GeographicRegionsIntensityLevelGeographicRegionsIntensityLe
205、velBeijing7-8Hong Kong7Changsha6Macau7Chengdu7-8Qingdao6-7Chongqing6-7Shanghai7Dalian6-8Shenyang7Foshan7Shenzhen6-7Guangzhou6-7Suzhou6-7Haikou8Tianjin7-8Hangzhou6-7Wuhan6-7Hengqin7Xian8Level 5Level 6Level 7Level 8Level 9Seismic Precautionary Intensity Zoningof ChinaSource:China Earthquake Data Cente
206、r()GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA265 YEARCOMPLETEDm2CONSENT TO COMMENCEm2#20111,650,0001,232,000 20122,507,0002,343,000 20131,472,0001,437,000 20141,908,0001,679,000 20151,897,0002,445,000 20162,134,0001,597,000 20172,379,0001,900,000 20182,600,0001,358,000 20192,028,0002,020,00
207、0 20202,048,0001,572,000 2021*1,066,0001,101,000CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY IN HONG KONG*1/21 to 8/21 only#First Submission onlySource:Census and Statistics Department,Hong Kong,SAR Buildings Department,Hong Kong,SAR Refer to www.censtatd.gov.hk and www.bd.gov.hk for further information.00.511.522.5311121
208、31415161718192021*Gross Floor Area(Million m2)Completed Consent to CommenceGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA66CONSTRUCTION VALUE IN HONG KONG*Up to Q3 figures and are provisional onlySource:Census and Statistics Department,Hong Kong,SAR Refer to www.censtatd.gov.hk for further information.YEARVALUE IN NOMIN
209、AL TERMSHK$MILLIONSVALUE IN CONSTANT(2000)MARKET PRICEHK$MILLIONS 2011 128,535 108,263 2012 161,449 126,414 2013 176,575 129,868 2014 199,737 138,285 2015 223,947 146,978 2016 236,491 149,973 2017249,919148,943 2018252,176143,136 2019236,437131,111 2020229,869127,146 2021*170,24293,13404080120160200
210、2402801112131415161718192021*Gross Value of Construction Work Performed(HK$Millions)Actual DiscountedGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA267 HONG KONG GENERAL CONSTRUCTION INSURANCEThis section provides general information regarding construction insurance arrangements in Hong Kong.It
211、is common place for Hong Kong construction contracts to contain provisions as to insurances such as Employees Compensation Insurance,Third Party Liability Insurance,Works Insurance and,on occasion,Professional Liability Indemnity Insurance.For employers,the insurance placement ensures that the contr
212、actual indemnities are backed by a financial institution that can afford to pay.For contractors,it provides a certain degree of protection to ensure that he has the means to pay in the event of mishaps.The insurances may be effected by the contractor(Contractor Controlled Insurance Programme or CCIP
213、)or be taken out by the employer(Employer Controlled Insurance Programme or ECIP).CCIP tends to be the most common insurance arrangement in Hong Kong,since the contractor is in control of all site operations and in a better position to manage its own site safety/risk.As a poor safety record will cou
214、nt against the contractor in premiums negotiation in the procurement of insurance,CCIP provides an incentive for better safety/risk management.On the other hand,ECIP placement leaves the control of the insurance programme in the hands of the employer,thereby offering the advantage of providing compr
215、ehensive insurance coverage on a project-wide basis and hence minimizing overlaps and gaps in insurance coverage.Employees CompensationSection 40(1)of the Employees Compensation Ordinance states that no employer shall employ any employee unless there is a policy of Employees Compensation Insurance i
216、n place.The maximum penalty for failing to comply with this provision is two years in jail and a maximum fine of HK$100,000.GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA68Under the Ordinance,the principal contractor shall take out insurance for his employees and all of the employees of subcontractors with a limit of in
217、demnity of HK$200 million per event(or HK$100 million if the number of employees is less than 200).Since an injured worker could attempt to sue the employer,the employer will want to ensure the contractor has taken out insurance in joint names with the employer.Contractors All Risks InsuranceA Contr
218、actors All Risks policy generally comprises(i)Third Party Insurance which covers injury to persons(except the Contractors own workmen)or damage to property(other than the Works),due to the carrying out of the Works which may or may not be caused by a default of the contractor.The policy is normally
219、subject to a maximum reimbursement per incident but unlimited in the number of incidents,(ii)Contract Works Insurance which covers damage caused to the Works itself by risks not excluded from the policy and(iii)Plant&Equipment Insurance which covers the contractors plant and equipment used in the Wo
220、rks.Plant&Equipment Insurance is not normally required under the contract conditions and is voluntarily purchased by the contractor.Professional Indemnity InsuranceFor construction contracts involving contractors design,it is not uncommon for the employer to require the contractor and his design con
221、sultants and independent checking engineers to obtain insurance to cover their liability for design.For Government Contracts,the Professional Indemnity Insurance shall cover the contractors liability for design generally for the construction period and a further 6 years.GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GEN
222、ERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA269 FORM NO.PURPOSERELEVANT SECTION OF REGULATION BA1Application for inclusion in the authorized persons register/structural engineers register/geotechnical engineers register/inspectors register.BOs 3(6)BA1AApplication for retention of name in the authorized persons register/s
223、tructural engineers register/geotechnical engineers register/inspectors register.BOs 3(9B)BA1BApplication for restoration of name in the authorized persons register/structural engineers register/geo-technical engineers register/inspectors register.BOs 3(12)BA2Application for registration as a genera
224、l building contractor/specialist contractor.BOs 8B BA2AApplication for renewal of registration as a registered general building contractor/registered specialist contractor.BOs 8C(2)BA2BApplication for restoration of name to the register of general building contractors/specialist contractors.BOs 8D(2
225、)BA2CApplication for approval of technical director/other officer/person appointed to act for the purposes of the Buildings Ordinance for a registered general building contractor/registered specialist contractor.BOs 8B BA4Notice of appointment of authorized person and/or registered structural engine
226、er and/or registered geotech-nical engineer.BOs 4,B(A)R 23 BA5Application for approval of plans of building works and/or street works and certificate of preparation of plans.BOs 14(1)(a),B(A)R 29&18A SPECIFIED FORMS FOR BUILDINGS ORDINANCE OR REGULATIONSSPECIFIED FORMS FOR BUILDINGS ORDINANCE OR REG
227、ULATIONS FOR HONG KONGGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA70Source:Buildings Department,Hong Kong,SAR.Refer to www.bd.gov.hk for further information.(Contd)BA6Stability certificate of authorized person and/or registered structural engineer.B(A)R 18 BA7Notice of urgent works required as a result of accident or
228、emergency.BOs 19,B(A)R 28 BA8Application for consent to the commencement and carrying out of building works or street works.BOs 14(1)(b),B(A)R 31 BA8AApplication for concurrent consent to the commencement of building works.BOs 14(1)(b),B(A)R 31 BA9Application for renewal of consent to the carrying o
229、ut of building works or street works.BOs 20 BA10Notice of appointment of registered contractor,notice of commencement of building works or street works and undertaking by registered contractor.B(A)R 20,BOs 9 BA11Notice from a registered contractor on ceasing to be appointed in respect of building wo
230、rks or street works and certificate in respect of that part of the building works or street works carried out by the registered contractor.B(A)R 24 BA12Certificate on completion of building works resulting in a new temporary building,a new building or part of a new building and application for tempo
231、rary occupation permit in respect of such building or part.B(A)R 25,BOs 21 BA13Certificate on completion of building works resulting in a new building and application for permit to occupy such building.B(A)R 25,BOs 21 BA14Certificate on completion of building works not resulting in a new building or
232、 of street works.B(A)R 25&26 BA14ACertificate on completion of demolition works.B(A)R 25GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA271 FORM NO.PURPOSERELEVANT SECTION OF REGULATION BA15Notice of intended material change in the use of a building.BOs 25,B(A)R 47 BA16Application for modificatio
233、n of and/or exemption from the provisions of the Buildings Ordinance and/or Reg-ulations made thereunder.BOs 42 BA17Application for permit to erect a temporary building.B(P)R 51 BA18Application for permit to erect a contractors shed.B(P)R 53 BA19Application for permit to erect hoardings,covered walk
234、ways or gantries.B(P)R 64 BA20Notice of technically competent person or persons appointed to supervise demolition works.B(DW)R 8 BA21Notice of nomination by authorized person or registered structural engineer or registered geotechnical engineer to temporary act in his stead.BOs 4(2),B(A)R 23(2)BA22A
235、pplication for authorization to carry out and/or maintain groundwater drainage works.BOs 28B(1)BA23Application for grant/renewal of licence for an oil storage installation.B(OSI)R 6(1)&7(3)BA24Notification of change of business address/Contact Information.B(A)R 45SPECIFIED FORMS FOR BUILDINGS ORDINA
236、NCE OR REGULATIONSSPECIFIED FORMS FOR BUILDINGS ORDINANCE OR REGULATIONS FOR HONG KONGGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA72Source:Buildings Department,Hong Kong,SAR.Refer to www.bd.gov.hk for further information.BA25Application for registration as a registered minor works contractor(company).B(MW)R 10(1)(b)BA
237、25AApplication for renewal of registration of registered minor works contractor(company).B(MW)R 14(1)BA25BApplication for restoration of name to the register of minor works contractors(company).B(MW)R 18(1)BA25CApplication for registration of additional class and/or type of minor works for registere
238、d minor works contractor(company).B(MW)R 21(2)BA25DApplication for approval of nomination of additional authorized signatory/technical director of registered minor work contractor(company).B(MW)R 24(1)BA25EApplication for review of decision of the Building Authority or recommendation of the Minor Wo
239、rks Contractors Registration Committee in respect of registration of minor works contractor(company).B(MW)R 26 BA26Application for registration as a registered minor works contractors(individual).B(MW)R 10(1)(a)BA26AApplication for renewal of registration of registered minor works contractor(individ
240、ual).B(MW)R 14(1)BA26BApplication for restoration of name to the register of minor works contractor(individual).B(MW)R 18(1)BA26CApplication for registration of additional items of Class III minor works for a registered minor works contractor(individual).B(MW)R 21(1)BA26DApplication for review of de
241、cision of the Building Authority or recommendation of the Minor Works Contractors Registration Committee in respect of registration of minor works contractor(individual).B(MW)R 26GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA273 Source:Buildings Ordinance,Hong Kong,SAR Refer to www.legislation.
242、gov.hk for further information.SUMMARY OF BUILDING REGULATIONS FOR HONG KONG DESCRIPTIONNUMBER OFREGULATIONSAdministration 48Appeal 13Construction 46Demolition Works 14Energy Efficiency 5Minor Works 96Minor Works(Fees)20Inspection and Repair 35Oil Storage Installations 15Planning 74Private Street an
243、d AccessRoads 28Refuse Storage and Material Recovery Chambers and Refuse Chutes 30Standards of Sanitary Fitments,Plumbing,Drainage Works and Latrines 97Ventilating Systems 8GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA74(Contd)Source:Buildings Ordinance,Hong Kong,SAR Refer to www.legislation.gov.hk for further informat
244、ion.PERCENTAGE SITE COVERAGE AND PLOT RATIOS FOR HONG KONG OPEN SPACE ABOUT DOMESTIC BUILDINGSItemClass of siteOpen space required1.Class A site Not less than one-half of the roofed-over area of the building2.Class B siteNot less than one-third of the roofed-over area of the building3.Class C siteNo
245、t less than one-quarter of the roofed-over area of the buildingDEFINITIONClass A Site :Not being a class B or class C site,that abuts on one specified street not less than 4.5 m wide or on more than one such street.Class B Site :A corner site that abuts on 2 specified streets neither of which is les
246、s than 4.5 m wide.Class C Site :A corner site that abuts on 3 specified streets none of which is less than 4.5 m wide.GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA275 Height ofBuildingin metresDOMESTIC BUILDINGSPercentage site coveragePlot RatioClassAsiteClassBsiteClassCsiteClassAsiteClassBsit
247、eClassCsite Not over 15 m66.675803.33.754.0 15 m to 18 m6067723.64.04.3 18 m to 21 m5662673.94.34.7 21 m to 24 m5258634.24.65.0 24 m to 27 m4955594.44.95.3 27 m to 30 m4652554.65.25.5 30 m to 36 m4247.5505.05.76.0 36 m to 43 m3944475.46.16.5 43 m to 49 m3741445.96.57.0 49 m to 55 m3539426.37.07.5 55
248、 m to 61 m3438416.87.68.0 Over 61 m33.3337.5408.09.010.0PERCENTAGE SITE COVERAGE AND PLOT RATIOS FOR HONG KONGSource:Buildings Ordinance,Hong Kong,SAR Refer to www.legislation.gov.hk for further information.GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA76NON-DOMESTIC BUILDINGSPercentage sitecoveragePlot RatioClassAsiteC
249、lassBsiteClassCsiteClassAsiteClassBsiteClassCsite10010010055597.597.597.55.85.85.89595956.76.76.79292927.47.47.48990908.08.18.18587888.58.78.88082.5859.59.910.27577.58010.510.811.26972.57511.011.612.06467.57011.512.112.66062.56512.212.513.06062.565151515GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION
250、 DATA277 OverviewChina promulgated its first national Green Building Evaluation Standard in 2014.In promoting green buildings,China and all other countries share the same underlying sustainability goals,namely,environmental protection,reduction of wastes,well-being of building users,conservation of
251、energy,adapting and mitigating climate change impacts.Now that climate change is a forefront issue for all governments and businesses worldwide,decarbonisation and adapting to renewable energies are becoming the measurements,drivers and direction of the development of green buildings in China.For a
252、number of years China has been the worlds largest emitter of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases.Hence it was a very significant moment for the global climate change movement that President Xi Jinping of China announced at the 75th Session of the UN General Assembly in September 2020 that Chin
253、a will target to peak its carbon emissions by 2030 and to attain carbon neutrality by 2060.In fact,historically,China has always been highly proactive and supportive of international developments in climate change and decarbonisation.When the three most important international conventions for climat
254、e change were agreed and promulgated by the United Nations,namely,the 1992 UN International Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,the 1997 Kyoto Protocol and the 2015 Paris Agreement,China formally acceded to them within one year of their promulgation.Since Chinas public announcement of its 2030
255、/2060 decarbonisation commitments,China has issued a series of national policy documents to implement and fulfil its commitments,such as:the Outline of the 14th Five-Year Plan and the Long-Range Objectives Through the Year 2035(中华人民共和国国民经济和社会发展第十四个五年规划和2035年远景目标纲要)(March 2021)the Opinions on Full Im
256、plement of Decarbonisation(关于完整准确全面贯彻新发展理念做好碳达峰碳中和工作的意见)(September 2021)CHINA:GREEN BUILDINGS,CLIMATE CHANGE AND REGULATORY DEVELOPMENTS Provided by:Mr.Rico Chan Partner,Baker McKenzie+852 2846 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA78(Contd)the Action Plan for Peaking Carbon Emissions before 2030(2030年前碳达峰行动方案)(
257、October 2021)In connection with these macro decarbonisation policy documents,a number of national policy documents have been issued to actively implement decarbonisation in the building and construction sectors,such as:the 2020 Green Building Promotion Action Plan(2020年绿色建筑创建行动方案)(July 2020)the Opin
258、ions on Driving Green Developments in Urban and Rural Areas(关于推动城乡建设绿色发展的意见)(October 2021)Green Building CertificationsChina promulgated its first Green Building Action Plan in 2013,and then promulgated its first national Green Building Evaluation Standard scheme in 2014.The latest Green Building Ev
259、aluation Standard(绿色建筑评价标准)(GB-T50378-2019)was updated in 2019.It provides technical standards for different types of civil buildings.A building can obtain green building rating of Basic-Grade,One-Star,Two-Star to Three-Star(being the highest rating).Similar to other international rating systems,Chi
260、na green building rating is granted in two stages:initially,a tentative rating at the design stage,and then a formal rating after completion of construction.Currently only limited types of buildings are mandatorily required to achieve a certain green building rating.Pursuant to the 2020 Green Buildi
261、ng Promotion Action Plan(绿色建筑创建行动方案)and other policy documents,China targets that 70%and then 100%of all new buildings in China shall attain a green building rating by end of 2022 and 2025 respectively.Provided by:Mr.Rico Chan Partner,Baker McKenzie+852 2846 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRU
262、CTION DATA279 Provided by:Mr.Rico Chan Partner,Baker McKenzie+852 2846 Local governments in more developed regions have been more proactive in mandating green building rating.For example,in January 2021,Guangdong Province has promulgated the Guangdong Provincial Green Building Regulations(广东省绿色建筑条例)
263、to set higher green building standards,namely:Except for self-use residential buildings constructed in rural areas,all new buildings must attain at least Green Building Basic-Grade.Local authorities are mandated to incorporate green building standard requirements into the outline zoning plans and la
264、nd grant documents.Developers are required to specify the green building standard in their residential property sale and purchase contracts and post-sale property maintenance warranty documents.For the nine cities within the Guangdong Greater Bay Area,the green building requirements will be higher a
265、nd more proactively implemented.For example,local authorities in these cities are required to gradually start conducting audits on green building ratings granted previously.Another example,the 2017 Shenzhen Municipal Green Building Promotion Measures(深圳市绿色建筑促进办法)has set more demanding green building
266、 requirements,namely,all new buildings must attain at least the national One-Star rating or the local Shenzhen Bronze rating,and all new major public or iconic buildings are encouraged to aim for national Two-Star rating or local Shenzhen Gold rating.In February 2021,the Shenzhen Green Building Regu
267、lations(Consultation Draft)(深圳经济特区绿色建筑条例(草案征求意见稿)was published to push for even more stringent local requirements for green building development.Concurrent with various mandatory requirements to attain green building ratings,local authorities have also been granting financial incentives for green bu
268、ildings,such as exemption of gross floor area used to construct green building facilities in calculating project plot ratio as well as cash subsidies for projects which can attain higher green building ratings.CHINA:GREEN BUILDINGS,CLIMATE CHANGE AND REGULATORY DEVELOPMENTS GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA
269、80 Provided by:Mr.Rico Chan Partner,Baker McKenzie+852 2846 Building Energy Efficiency and Carbon EmissionsEnergy conservation and efficiency performance is definitively the most important technical parameter for green buildings.China has established its national legal framework in this area through
270、 1997 Energy Conservation Law(节约能源法)and the 2008 Civilian Buildings Energy Conservation Regulations(民用建筑节能条例).All civil buildings are required to meet the relevant mandatory energy conservation standards and specifications for building materials,equipment and techniques,failing which local construct
271、ion authorities shall not grant relevant approvals at the building design,planning,work commencement or completion stage.In 2019,the Building Carbon Emissions Computation Standard(GB/T51366-2019)(建筑碳排放计算标准)was promulgated.The General Rules for Building Energy Conservation and Use of Renewable Energi
272、es(建筑节能与可再生能源利用通用规范)(GB 55015-2021)was further issued in September 2021.These General Rules are highly significant in several respects:the energy efficiency and carbon emission standards for all building types will be raised quite significantly and mandatorily with effect from 1 April 2022 national
273、and local authorities will start to set up online platforms to collect,analyse and report carbon emissions data of buildings.Following Chinas accession for the Kyoto Protocol in 1998,in 2011 China has set up seven local carbon emissions trading exchanges in Beijing,Tianjin,Shanghai,Chongqing,Guangdo
274、ng,Hubei and Shenzhen.Certain building and hotel projects have been selected to participate in the local carbon emissions trading exchanges in Beijing,Shanghai and Shenzhen on a trial basis.GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA281 Based on the experience of these local exchanges,China
275、issued the Management Measures for Trading of Carbon Emission Rights(Trial Implementation)(碳排放权交易管理办法(试行)in 2020 to set up the China National Carbon Emissions Trading Scheme(ETS)in Shanghai.Trading on the National ETS Exchange started in July 2021 while trading on the local exchanges continues.At th
276、is stage only the major electricity power generation companies are mandated to participate to trade the carbon emissions quotas at the National ETS Exchange.Other sectors with heavy carbon emissions(such as steel,cement and chemicals)will also be mandated to participate in the National ETS Exchange.
277、If the 2021 General Rules for Building Energy Conservation and the 2021 Notice for Full Implementation of Decarbonisation mentioned above are successful in setting up online platforms for the carbon emissions data for the building sector,it will highly facilitate more building projects to trade thei
278、r carbon emissions in local ETS exchanges,and perhaps also in the National ETS Exchange further down the road.Provided by:Mr.Rico Chan Partner,Baker McKenzie+852 2846 CHINA:GREEN BUILDINGS,CLIMATE CHANGE AND REGULATORY DEVELOPMENTS GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA82Green FinanceChina is well aware of the i
279、mportant role of finance in achieving its climate change transition goals.In 2016,the Peoples Bank of China and various other national ministries issued the Guiding Opinions on Creating the Green Finance Framework(关于构建绿色金融体系的指导意见)to set up a supportive policy framework for promoting green finance in
280、 China.Since then many national and local regulations and policy documents have been issued in support of green finance in China,e.g.the 2021 Shenzhen Green Finance Regulations(深圳经济特区绿色金融条例).Now China is already the second-largest source of green bond and green finance issuance,with a total of USD 4
281、4 billion issued in 2020.In all these national and local regulations,green building is always included as one of the specific sectors to receive green finance support.A principal way for a building project to prove that it can meet the green financing criteria set by regulations and lenders is that
282、it has obtained the required national or local green building rating.Provided by:Mr.Rico Chan Partner,Baker McKenzie+852 2846 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA283 PROCUREMENT STRATEGIES AND FORM OF CONTRACTSGeneralA host of contract procurement approaches have emerged in the past d
283、ecade.Each procurement approach has characteristics,benefits and restrictions peculiar to it.There is no single approach that fits all situations.The key to a successful procurement arrangement lies in marrying the right procurement approach with the particular contract in question.This calls for a
284、systematic identification of clients requirements and evaluation of the decision criteria relating to the procurement strategy.Common criteria for procurement selectionSpeed Fast-tracking projects generally favor arrangements that offer opportunities to overlap the design and construction processes
285、e.g.design&build contracting and management contracting.Cost certainty Reliability of budgets is one of the prime concerns of most clients.Traditional lump sum bills of quantities and design&build contracting offer the highest degree of price certainty.Complexity Projects which are technologically a
286、dvanced or highly serviced generally favor the use of traditional contracting where the design will be well developed prior to the tendering stage.Procurement arrangements such as construction management and management contracting that allow early involvement of management contractor are also consid
287、ered suitable for complex projects.Responsibility For projects using traditional contracting,the contractor is employed to build what the clients design team has documented.Therefore,any dispute as to quality of works has to be resolved into a design or workmanship issue in the very first place.By c
288、ontrast,design&build contracts offer the clearest division of responsibility where the design&build contractor will be the sole point of responsibility.GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA84Common standard form of contract in Hong KongIn 2005,the Hong Kong Institute of Architects,the Hong Kong Institute of Con
289、struction Managers and the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors jointly published a new standard form of building contract which is designed particularly for private projects where bills of quantities are provided.In 2006,the three institutes published another standard form of building contract tailored
290、 for private projects without bills of quantities.For public works,the conditions of contracts are often based on one of the following standard forms:-The Government of the HKSAR,General Conditions of Contract for Building Works 1999 EditionThe Government of the HKSAR,General Conditions of Contract
291、for Civil Engineering Works 1999 EditionThe Government of the HKSAR,General Conditions of Contract for Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Works 1999 EditionThe Government of the HKSAR,General Conditions of Design and Build Contracts 1999 EditionNew Engineering Contract(NEC)NEC is the abbreviation
292、 for“New Engineering Contract”which is a suite of contracts published by the Institute of Civil Engineers in the United Kingdom.The Hong Kong Government used to have its own standard forms of contract but now the NEC forms have become increasingly popular in the public sector of Hong Kong.The Develo
293、pment Bureau continually advocated“collaborative partnership”in delivering public works projects in Hong Kong by way of introducing the“New Engineering Contract”(NEC)form aiming to elevate management efficiency and cost effectiveness.The Permanent Secretary for Development(Works),Mr Lam Sai-hung,sai
294、d at the UK NEC Awards ceremony that he was pleased to see the successful development of mutual trust and a co-operative culture within the public works sector through the adoption of the NEC,with outstanding performance achieved in the 2021 NEC Awards.The Hong Kong Government stated on its press re
295、lease of 24 June 2021 that the Development Bureau GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA285 PROCUREMENT STRATEGIES AND FORM OF CONTRACTSpiloted the use of the NEC form in public works projects in 2009 and has expanded its application since 2015.As of today(2021 June),more than 300 NECs
296、for public works have been awarded,amounting to over$160 billion.The NEC form continues to have a significant impact by its extensive usage in different works categories(including building works,civil engineering works etc.)by the Hong Kong Government.The NEC contract suites covers not only construc
297、tion and engineering contracts between employers and contractors but also professional service contracts for employers to engage consultants or other suppliers under NEC contracts.The Engineering&Construction Contract(ECC)of the NEC family of contracts contains standard options that cover lump sum c
298、ontracts,target cost contracts,cost reimbursable contracts and management contracts.The ECC contract claims to be radically different to traditional construction contracts in that it facilitates good management and encourages collaborative working.For instance,both the Project Manager and the Contra
299、ctor are obliged to give early warnings and to hold early warning meetings to mitigate the effects of change in contract scope.Great emphasis is also given to the programme which has to be accepted by the Project Manager and to be kept updated by the Contractor.The Project Manager is to maintain a R
300、isk Register to record risks that have arisen during the contract and the decisions of how to deal with them.In 2017,the NEC4 contract suite was published built upon updates to NEC3 contract suite.The NEC3 contracts are updated by taking account on the constructive feedback from users and industry e
301、xperts with amendments for improvement in flexibility,clarity and ease of contract administration.Arcadis was the NEC Advisor for Fuk Man Road Nullah Improvement Works the very first NEC pilot project in Hong Kong.Our work with the project team for that pilot project reveals that it is not only the
302、form of the NEC that brings about the advantages of flexibility and promotion of good project management.The success lies in a change in mindset and attitudes and the establishment of mutual trust among project stakeholders.GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA86Procurement Strategy TablePROJECT CRITERIARELATIV
303、E DEGREE OF APPROPRIATENESSParameterObjectivesTraditionalManagementContractingConstructionManagementDesign andConstructTimingEarly CompletionLowHighHighHighCostPre construction price certaintyHighLowLowHighQualityDesign prestigeHighHighHighLowVariationsAvoid prohibitive cost of changeHighModerateMod
304、erateLowComplexityTechnically advance or highly complex buildingModerateHighHighLowResponsibilitySingle contractual linkLowLowLowHighProfessional ResponsibilityNeed for design team to report to sponsorHighHighHighLowRisk AvoidanceDesire to transfer complete riskLowLowLowHighDamage RecoveryFacility t
305、o recover costs direct from contractorModerateLowLowHighBuildabilityContractor input to economic constructionLowHighHighHighGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA287 0%20%40%60%80%100%0%20%40%60%80%100%Project PeriodProgress PaymentsCONSTRUCTION WORKDONE FORECASTThe following graph and
306、table are an indication of the rate of expenditure for construction projects.The rate of expenditure is an average rate and will vary from project to project when specific project circumstances are taken into account.Construction Workdone ForecastCONTRACTPERIODCUMULATIVE WORKDONECONTRACTPERIODCUMULA
307、TIVE WORKDONE 5%1%55%41%10%2%60%50%15%3%65%60%20%4%70%69%25%6%75%77%30%8%80%84%35%12%85%89%40%17%90%93%45%24%95%97%50%32%100%100%Contract Period3PROPERTYProperty CommentaryProperty IndicatorsGross Floor Area(GFA)Calculations in Hong Kong Gross Floor Area(GFA)Calculations in PRCConstruction Floor Are
308、a(CFA)Definition PROPERTY88PROPERTY PROPERTY389 PROPERTY COMMENTARY 2021EconomyThe Hong Kong economy recovered visibly throughout the year,thanks to the stable local epidemic situation.Economic recovery was mainly led by the strong growth of merchandise exports,with the value of total exports of goo
309、ds increased by 26.7%YoY for the first 10 months of 2021 as a whole.GDP grew 5.4%YoY in the third quarter of 2021,after an increase of 7.6%YoY in the preceding quarter.The labour market continued to improve alongside the revival of local economic activity.The unemployment rate declined to 4.1%in the
310、 rolling three-month period between September and November,edged down 0.2 percentage points compared with the previous period ending in October,and it was the lowest since the pandemic began in early 2020.Private consumption went up by 7.1%YoY in Q3.The factors such as the uncertainties over Chinese
311、 Mainland economy and Chinas regulation on technology stocks have weighted on investment sentiment,and Hong Kong stock market underwent a sharp correction.The benchmark Hang Seng Index tumbled nearly 15%in the third quarter of the year.Despite the stable pandemic situation,the retail sector has not
312、yet fully restored.Nonetheless,supported by the consumption vouchers scheme and the improved labour market,the total retail sales increased by 12%YoY in the first 10 months of 2021 to HK$288.9 billion,reflecting a buoyant local consumption sentiment.On the other hand,the inbound tourism remained fro
313、zen amid travel restrictions.The total number of inbound tourist arrivals between January and October in 2021 plunged 98%YoY from 3.56 million to 72,458.Average hotel occupancy recorded 62%in the first 10 months of 2021,compared with 44%same period last year,suggesting the local staycation trend hav
314、e somewhat helped the hotel industry to generate more business amid the pandemic.Provided by:PROPERTY90(Contd)In August,the Hong Kong government predicted the GDP to rise by 6.4%in 2021,compared to an earlier forecast range of 5.5%-6.5%.As long as the local epidemic situation remains under control,t
315、he local economic recovery should continue in 2022.However,the concerns over emerging Omicron variant may pose further uncertainty to the resumption of the economic normalcy.ResidentialBolstered by the firm end-user demand,low interest rate environment and the gradually improving local economy,the p
316、urchase sentiment in residential market was strong over the first eleven months of 2021.According to the government statistics,a total of 69,152 residential transactions were recorded over the period,surged 28.5%YoY.First-hand property projects have drawn keen interests from the local homebuyers as
317、indicated by the brisk sales and the massive oversubscriptions of new projects.A total of 16,136 primary units were sold between January and November in 2021,up 22.2%compared with the same period last year.Supported by the resilient local demand and more new home projects could be launched in the ne
318、ar term,the buying power in the residential market,in particular the primary market,will persist.More potential buyers might take the opportunity to get on the property ladder amid the current low interest rate environment.However,as home prices are fluctuating around historical high in the second h
319、alf of 2021,and up to 10,000 new units could be launched in the next one to two quarters,some potential homebuyers will hold out for better options.Going forward,we expect transaction activity,especially in the first-hand market,to maintain its positive momentum as demand remains firm.We expect the
320、mass housing prices to go up by 0%to 3%in 2022,while the luxury prices to increase 3%to 5%given the expected reopening of border.With more new projects launches and various Provided by:PROPERTY PROPERTY391 PROPERTY COMMENTARY 2021finance schemes offered by the developers,more purchasing power in the
321、 secondary market will shift to the primary market,and thus we forecast the transaction volume ratio of first-hand to second-hand homes to be around 30:70 in 2022,and the total residential transaction volume to be approximately 60,000 to 65,000 units next year.OfficeWith the stabilized economic situ
322、ation,the signal of bottoming-out is more visible in the overall leasing market since Q3 2021.The average rent of Hong Kong Island and Kowloon for the first 11 months of 2021 recorded a moderate yearly drop of 5.2%and 4.2%respectively,according to Knight Frank Research.As the current rent level in C
323、BD is on par with that in the post-global financial crisis in 2010,the trend of“recentralisation”has been more obvious in the second half of 2021.Given the improved business sentiment,some tenants in the financial services sector,previously located in non-CBD areas,are looking to maintain a presence
324、 in Central.Contrary to the common perception that the pandemic-induced work-from-home arrangements would reduce demand for office spaces,our global(Y)our Space Report has revealed that around 70%of Hong Kong headquartered enterprises planned to increase their office space in the next three years.Th
325、e result demonstrates that office space remains widely recognized as an important element to Hong Kong enterprises even during the pandemic.Meanwhile,driven by the growing demand for hybrid workspace,more landlords have joined the bandwagon of operating their own co-working space during 2021.Provide
326、d by:PROPERTY92For instance,during the year,Shanghai-based Shimao Property Holdings opened“The Center Space”,a 23,600-sq-ft co-working space on the 76th floor of The Center,while Hongkong Land unveiled its two-floor Centricity Flex,with 25,000 sq ft of space,on the 17th and 18th floor of Edinburgh T
327、ower.Looking ahead,as Centrals rental premium over the rest of the market has narrowed,we expect the leasing momentum in Central to remain upbeat,supporting an upward rental trend on Hong Kong Island.On the other hand,since tenants will continue to seize the opportunity to relocate their offices fro
328、m Hong Kong Island to the other Grade-A office buildings with larger floor plates in Kowloon at more affordable rents,we expect the rent in Kowloon will also record a slight upward adjustment in 2022.RetailHong Kongs retail market witnessed a gradual recovery in 2021,underpinned by the improving eco
329、nomic performance and labour market.According to the latest official statistics,total retail value reached HK$289 billion in the first ten months of 2021,up 8.5%compared to the same period last year.The F&B sector saw a significant recovery compared to last year,owing to the relaxation of social dis
330、tancing restrictions and the stable local epidemic situation.The value of total receipts of the restaurant sector in Q3 2021 soared by 43.8%YoY to HK$24.5 billion.In Q1Q3 2021,restaurant receipts totalled HK$67.6 billion,increasing by 12.9%YoY.The sales value of luxury goods totalled HK$31.8 billion
331、 for January to October 2021,rose by 29.2%from the same period last year.This reflects that the luxury segment has rebounded from the trough in 2020 when the total sales value merely totalled HK$30.5 billion for the whole year.Meanwhile,it is noteworthy that the local e-commerce market continued to
332、grow.Online retail sales soared Provided by:PROPERTY PROPERTY393 PROPERTY COMMENTARY 2021 Provided by:41.7%in the first 10 months of the year compared with the same period in 2020.The pandemic has induced a rapid development of e-commerce,leading to a common adoption of omnichannel retailing.On top
333、of physical stores,many retailers also make use of their online platforms to boost sales.Transactions for retail property rebounded in 2021.The sales number of retail transactions in January to November of 2021 surged by 72%YoY while the total consideration in the same period also increased by 76%YoY.As the city has largely resumed normal economic activity,and people have returned to their normal
全部分类
免费下载资料库
10000份+资源包
千万vip文档畅享下载
下载文档文件编辑即用
网站精选百万好案
百万工程地产工作者都在用
微信扫一扫登录
