1、CHINA&HONG KONG2021Electronic Cost HandbookDownload the PDF version by scanning the QR code below 1.Download the PDF version from our website to your mobile or tablet device.2.Download our App-Asia Cost GuideHandbook Cover Photos:-1.Alibaba Hupan University,PRC2.Rank and File Quarters for HKSAR Fire
2、 Services Department,Pak Shing Kok,TKO3.Water World_Ocean Park,Hong Kong4.Beijing Chong Li Project,PRC1342The following handbook of information relating to theconstruction industry has been compiled by:Arcadis Hong Kong Limited17/F,Two Harbour Square,180 Wai Yip Street Kwun Tong,Kowloon Hong Kong Te
3、lephone:(852)2911 2000Fax:(852)2911 2002Email:info-Website: Arcadis Hong Kong Limited 2021 All rights reserved.No part of this publication may be re-produced or copied in any form without prior written permission from Arcadis Hong Kong Limited.The information contained herein should be regarded as i
4、ndicative and for general guidance only.Whilst every effort has been made to ensure accuracy,no responsibility can be accepted for errors and omissions,however caused.If advice concerning individual projects is required,we would be happy to assist.Unless otherwise stated,costs reflected in this hand
5、book are Hong Kong costs at 4th Quarter 2020.Arcadis Hong Kong Limited would like to acknowledge the assistance of Knight Frank and Baker McKenzie FenXun in providing additional data and information for this publication.ISO 9001:2015Certificate No.:FS684805ISO 14001:2015Certificate No.:EMS685471OHSA
6、S 18001:2007Certificate No.:OHS6854711 TABLE OF CONTENTS Table of Contents 1Calendars 3About Us 51.CONSTRUCTION COST DATA Construction Costs for Hong Kong 9M&E Costs for Hong Kong 11ACMV Costs for Various Designs and Developments in Hong Kong 13Fit-out Costs for Hong Kong 15Unit Costs for Ancillary
7、Facilities for Hong Kong 17Construction Costs for Selected Asian Cities 19M&E Costs for Selected Asian Cities 25Major Rates for Selected Asian Cities 31Construction Cost Specification 372.GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA2021 Outlook 43Building Cost Trends in Hong Kong 49Material Prices in Hong Kong Kong 53
8、Labour Index in Hong 56Labour Wages in Hong Kong 57Estimating Rules of Thumb and Design Norms 59Construction Activity in Hong Kong 65Construction Value in Hong Kong 66Hong Kong General Construction Insurance 67Specified Forms for Buildings Ordinance or Regulations for Hong Kong 69Summary of Building
9、 Regulations for Hong Kong 73Percentage Site Coverage and Plot Ratios for Hong Kong 74Evolving Regulations for Green Building in China 77Procurement Strategies and Form of Contracts 83Construction Workdone Forecast 87TABLE OF CONTENTS23.PROPERTYProperty Commentary 89Property Indicators 95Gross Floor
10、 Area(GFA)Calculations in Hong Kong 97Gross Floor Area(GFA)Calculations in PRC 99Construction Floor Area(CFA)Definition 1014.OTHER INFORMATIONUtility Costs for Selected Asian Cities 103Public Holidays 107Arcadis Asia Services 115Directory of Offices 117Health&Safety Management System 131Quality Mana
11、gement System 132Environmental Management System 133TABLE OF CONTENTS3 CALENDARS CALENDARS2 0 2 1 2021 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 5 6 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 7 8 9 10 11 12 1310 11 12 13 14 15 16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 14 15 16 17 1
12、8 19 2017 18 19 20 21 22 23 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 30 28 28 29 30 31 APRIL MAY JUNE S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 1 1 2 3 4 5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 18 19 20
13、 21 22 23 24 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 2625 26 27 28 29 30 23/30 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 27 28 29 30 JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 1111 12 13 14 15 16 17 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13
14、14 15 16 17 18 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 2525 26 27 28 29 30 31 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 4 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 14 15 16 17 18 19
15、 20 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 19 20 21 22 23 24 2524/31 25 26 27 28 29 30 28 29 30 26 27 28 29 30 31 2 0 2 0 2020 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 8 9 10 11 12 13 1412 13 14 15
16、16 17 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 15 16 17 18 19 20 2119 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 22 23 24 25 26 27 2826 27 28 29 30 31 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 29 30 31 APRIL MAY JUNE S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 11 12 1312 13 14 15 1
17、6 17 18 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 14 15 16 17 18 19 2019 20 21 22 23 24 25 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 21 22 23 24 25 26 2726 27 28 29 30 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 30 28 29 30 JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 1 1 2 3 4 5 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 1212 13 14 15
18、 16 17 18 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 1919 20 21 22 23 24 25 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 2626 27 28 29 30 31 23/30 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 27 28 29 30 OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 5 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
19、 6 7 8 9 10 11 1211 12 13 14 15 16 17 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 13 14 15 16 17 18 1918 19 20 21 22 23 24 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 20 21 22 23 24 25 2625 26 27 28 29 30 31 29 30 27 28 29 30 31 4CALENDARS2 0 2 3 2023 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 1 2 3 4
20、 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 12 13 14 15 16 17 1822 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 19 20 21 22 23 24 2529 30 31 26 27 28 26 27 28 29 30 31 APRIL MAY JUNE S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 2 3 4 5 6 7
21、 8 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 23/30 24 25 26 27 28 29 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 2 3 4
22、 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 23/30 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 27 28 29 30 31 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2
23、3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 1 2 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 30 2 0 2 2 2022 JANUARY FEBRUARY MARCH S M T W T F S S M T
24、 W T F S S M T W T F S 1 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 4 5 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 13 14 15 16 17 18 1916 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 20 21 22 23 24 25 2623/30 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 27 28 27 28 29 30 31 APRIL MAY JUNE S M T W T F S S M T W
25、 T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 1 2 3 4 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 5 6 7 8 9 10 1110 11 12 13 14 15 16 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 12 13 14 15 16 17 1817 18 19 20 21 22 23 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 19 20 21 22 23 24 2524 25 26 27 28 29 30 29 30 31 26 27 28 29 30 JULY AUGUST SEPTEMBER S M T W T F S
26、S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 2 1 2 3 4 5 6 1 2 3 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 4 5 6 7 8 9 1010 11 12 13 14 15 16 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 11 12 13 14 15 16 1717 18 19 20 21 22 23 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 30 28 29 30 31 25 26 27 28 29 30 OCTOBER NOVEMBER DECEMBER
27、 S M T W T F S S M T W T F S S M T W T F S 1 1 2 3 4 5 1 2 3 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 11 12 13 14 15 16 1716 17 18 19 20 21 22 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 18 19 20 21 22 23 2423/30 24/31 25 26 27 28 29 27 28 29 30 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 5 ARCADIS
28、HONG KONG LIMITEDARCADIS HONG KONG LIMITED ABOUT USArcadis is the leading global Design&Consultancy for natural and built assets.Applying our deep market sector insights and collective design,consultancy,engineering and project management services we work in partnership with our clients to deliver e
29、xceptional and sustainable outcomes throughout the lifecycle of their natural and built assets.In Asia,we have over 4,000 people covering the multiple market across all sectors focused on improving quality of life.Arcadis has a long history of leading expertise in providing Cost Management capabilit
30、ies that ensure our clients projects are delivered with a competitive advantage,exceed project requirements and deliver sustainable outcomes.Our Cost Management heritage is particularly strong in Greater China having set-up our first office in Hong Kong back in 1949.We entered the Mainland China mar
31、ket in 1984,introducing modern Cost Management techniques to its newly evolving construction market.Our initial commissions were from Hong Kong and foreign developers investing in China,however since then our client base has grown to include state-owned enterprises and local developers.We are commit
32、ted to further extending our professional expertise to include new areas like whole-life costing,and supporting the growing number of clients in Asia who are looking for high quality Cost Management solutions as they embark on projects in other parts of the world.Furthermore,we have aligned our oper
33、ating models to facilitate innovation,ease knowledge transfer and enable the sharing of best practices.We work to ensure clients have access to our best resources,delivering the most appropriate solutions,at a cost that meets their requirements.6ARCADIS HONG KONG LIMITED OUR CORE VALUESPeople FirstW
34、e care for each other and create a safe and respectful working environment where our people can grow,perform,and succeed.IntegrityWe always work to the highest professional and ethical standards and establish trust by being open,honest and responsible.Client SuccessWe are passionate about our client
35、s success and bring insights,agility,and innovation to co-create value.CollaborationWe value the power of diversity and our global capabilities and deliver excellence by working as One Arcadis.SustainabilityWe base our actions for clients and communities on environmental responsibility and social an
36、d economic advancement.CONSTRUCTION COST DATA1Construction Costs for Hong KongM&E Costs for Hong Kong ACMV Costs for Various Designs and Developments in Hong Kong Fit-out Costs for Hong KongUnit Costs for Ancillary Facilities for Hong Kong Construction Costs for Selected Asian CitiesM&E Costs for Se
37、lected Asian Cities Major Rates for Selected Asian CitiesConstruction Cost SpecificationCONSTRUCTION COST DATA8CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 19 CONSTRUCTION COST DATACONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR HONG KONGBUILDING TYPEHK$/m2 CFABUILDING SERVICES TOTALDOMESTICApartments,high rise,public authority standard 8,750 -1
38、0,550 1,950 -2,350 10,700 -12,900Apartments,high rise,average standard 19,450 -21,350 3,750 -5,450 23,200 -26,800Apartments,high rise,high end 25,200 -28,450 4,800 -6,550 30,000 -35,000Terraced houses,average standard 28,000 -31,800 3,600 -4,800 31,600 -36,600Detached houses,high end 40,300 up 6,000
39、 up 46,300 upOFFICE/COMMERCIALMedium/high rise offices,average standard 17,350 -19,350 5,550 -6,950 22,900 -26,300High rise offices,prestige quality 21,200 -23,950 6,200 -7,650 27,400 -31,600Out-of-town shopping centre,average standard 16,800 -19,850 5,900 -6,750 22,700 -26,600Retail malls,high end
40、23,200 -27,400 6,200 -7,600 29,400 -35,000CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR HONG KONGCONSTRUCTION COST DATA10The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2020 levels.HOTELSBudget hotels-3-star,mid market 22,250 -22,600 6,850 -8,400 29,100 -31,000Business hotels-4/5-star 22,550 -25,700 7,550 -9,400 30,100 -35,100Luxury h
41、otels-5-star 27,550 -31,000 7,550 -9,400 35,100 -40,400INDUSTRIALOwner operated factories,low rise,light weight industry 15,300 -19,050 2,300-3,050 17,600 -22,100OTHERSUnderground/basement car parks(3 levels)22,200 -26,150 2,600 -3,550 24,800-29,700Multi storey car parks,above ground(4 levels)12,800
42、 -14,550 2,000 -3,050 14,800 -17,600Schools(primary and secondary)16,350 -17,000 2,950 -3,800 19,300 -20,800Students residences 17,450 -19,150 4,650 -5,750 22,100 -24,900Sports clubs,multi purpose sports/leisure centres(dry sports)with a/c and including FF&E 23,100 -25,500 5,900 -7,600 29,000 -33,10
43、0General hospitals-public sector 28,500 -30,350 8,300 -10,550 36,800 -40,900CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 111 CONSTRUCTION COST DATAM&E COSTS FOR HONG KONGBUILDING TYPEHK$/m2 CFA MECHANICAL SERVICES ELECTRICAL SERVICESFIRE SERVICES LIFTS/ESCALATORSHYDRAULIC SERVICESTOTALSERVICESDOMESTICApartments,high rise
44、,public authority standard-600 -700 150 -200 300-350 900 -1,100 1,950 -2,350Apartments,high rise,average standard 800 -1,000 1,000 -1,300 200 -600 450-750 1,300 -1,800 3,750-5,450Apartments,high rise,high end 1,200 -1,500 1,300 -1,600 200-600 500-850 1,600-2,000 4,800-6,550Terraced houses,average st
45、andard 1,000 -1,400 1,100 -1,400 100-200-1,400 -1,800 3,600-4,800Detached houses,high end 2,000 up 2,100 up 100 up-1,800 up 6,000 upOFFICE/COMMERCIALMedium/high rise offices,average standard 1,900 -2,300 1,700 -2,200 550-700 700-900 700 -850 5,550 -6,950High rise offices,prestige quality 2,100 -2,60
46、0 2,000 -2,400 550 -700 850-1,100 700 -850 6,200 -7,650Out-of-town shopping centre,average standard 2,100 -2,300 1,700 -2,000 550 -700 850-900 700 -850 5,900 -6,750Retail malls,high end 2,100 -2,600 2,000 -2,400 550 -700 850-1,000 700 -900 6,200 -7,600M&E COSTS FOR HONG KONGCONSTRUCTION COST DATA12T
47、he above costs are at 4th Quarter 2020 levels.HOTELSBudget hotels-3-star,mid market 2,000 -2,300 1,900 -2,200 600 -850 550 -750 1,800 -2,300 6,850 -8,400Business hotels-4/5-star 2,200 -2,500 2,200 -2,500 600-850 550 -850 2,000 -2,700 7,550 -9,400Luxury hotels-5-star 2,200 -2,500 2,200 -2,500 600 -85
48、0 550 -850 2,000 -2,700 7,550 -9,400INDUSTRIALOwner operated factories,low rise,light weight industry 200 -300 650 -850 400 -500 550 -750 500 -650 2,300 -3,050OTHERSUnderground/basement car parks(3 levels)850 -1,000 650 -950 350 -450 350 -450 400 -700 2,600 -3,550Multi storey car parks,above ground(
49、4 levels)350 -650 550 -800 350 -450 350 -450 400 -700 2,000 -3,050Schools(primary and secondary)750 -950 1,000 -1,250 450 -550 200 -350 550 -700 2,950 -3,800Students residences 750 -950 1,700 -1,900 600 -850 200 -350 1,400 -1,700 4,650 -5,750Sports clubs,multi purpose sports/leisure centres(dry spor
50、ts)with a/c and including FF&E 2,500 -3,000 1,800 -2,500 600 -850 350 -450 650 -800 5,900 -7,600General hospitals-public sector 3,200 -4,000 2,500 -3,000 700 -950 400 -600 1,500 -2,000 8,300 -10,550CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 113 CONSTRUCTION COST DATAACMV COSTS FOR VARIOUS DESIGNSAND DEVELOPMENTS IN HON
51、G KONG 2,0001,8009008002,6002,1001,5001,20005001,0001,5002,0002,5003,000HK$/m2 of Construction Floor Area3,3001,8002,0008002,1004,0002,0002,6001,5002,50005001,0001,5002,0002,5003,0003,5004,0004,500HK$/m2 of Construction Floor AreaCONSTRUCTION COST DATA1436,00035,00020,00014,00045,00040,00025,00018,0
52、0005,00010,00015,00020,00025,00030,00035,00040,00045,00050,000HK$/Tonne of Refrigeration45,00035,00036,00014,00035,00060,00040,00045,00018,00040,000010,00020,00030,00040,00050,00060,00070,000HK$/Tonne of RefrigerationCONSTRUCTION COST DATA 115 CONSTRUCTION COST DATAFIT-OUT COSTS FOR HONG KONG BUILDI
53、NG TYPEHK$/m2HOTELSPublic Areas(Front of House):3-star Hotel 10,200 -15,3004-star Hotel 15,500 -21,2005-star Hotel 21,500 upGuest Rooms:3-star Hotel 8,700 -10,3004-star Hotel 10,500 -13,8005-star Hotel 14,000 upNotes:1.Includesfurniture,floor,wallandceilingfinishes,drapery,sanitaryfittingsandlightfi
54、ttings.2.Excludespartitioning,M&Eworks,buildingshell,chandeliers,operationalitemsandequipment(e.g.cutlery,crockery,linen,television,refrigeratoretc.),openingexpenses,stageequipmentandcomputersystems.OFFICESGeneral office 6,200 -9,500Executive office 9,700 -13,300Prestige office 13,500 upNotes:1.Loca
55、l/PRCfurnitureallowedforgeneraloffices.2.Includesfurniture,partitioning,electricalwork,minoralterationtoair-conditioning,fireservicesandsuspendedceilingtosuitlayout.3.Excludestelephones,datacabling,officeequipment(puters,photocopiers,faxmachines,UPS,etc).The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2020 level
56、s.CONSTRUCTION COST DATA16BUILDING TYPEHK$/m2DEPARTMENT STORESGeneral department store 7,700 -12,300Prestige department store 12,500 upNotes:1.Includeselectricalwork,additionalFCUandminoralterationoffireservicestosuitlayout.2.Excludesfacademodification,datacabling,operationalitemsandequipment(puters
57、,P.O.S.,officeequipment)andopeningexpenses.RESTAURANTSGeneral dining restaurant 11,500 -19,600Fine dining restaurant 23,000 upNotes:1.Includesfurniture,floor,wallandceilingfinishes,electricalwork,minoralterationtoair-conditioningandfireservicesinstallationtosuitlayout,exhaustforkitchen.2.Excludesexh
58、austflue,operationalitems(e.g.cutlery,crockery,linen,utensils,etc.).The costs per square meter are based on fit-out area measured to the inner face of the perimeter wall.CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 117 CONSTRUCTION COST DATADESCRIPTIONUNITHK$SQUASH COURTSSingle court with glass backwall including associa
59、ted mechanical and electrical services but excluding any public facilities(enclosing structure not included).per court700,000TENNIS COURTS Single court on grade with acrylic surfacing and complete with chain link fence.per court1,500,000Single court on grade with artificial turf surfacing and comple
60、te with chain link fence.per court1,700,000Extra for lighting.per court600,000SWIMMING POOLSHalf Olympic(25m x 10.50m)outdoor swimming pool built on-grade,fully tiled;complete with 5m wide deck and associated pool equipment and ozonesystem.per pool10,000,000PLAYGROUND EQUIPMENTOutdoor playground equ
61、ipment comprising various activities.per set300,000to 800,000UNIT COSTS FOR ANCILLARY FACILITIESFOR HONG KONGThe above costs are at 4th Quarter 2020 levels.CONSTRUCTION COST DATA18DESCRIPTIONUNITHK$SAUNASSauna room for 4-6 people complete with all accessories(enclosing structure not included).per ro
62、om300,000STEAM BATHS Steam bath for 4-6 people complete with all accessories(enclosing structure not included).per room300,000GOLF COURSES(Based on average cost of an 18-hole golf course)Excluding associated buildings and equipment.per hole8,000,000to 14,000,000GREEN ROOFProprietary lightweight gree
63、n roof system;with automatic irrigation system(roofing and roof structure not included).per m22,000to5,000VERTICAL GREENVertical green system;wire frame type,with automatic irrigation system(backgorund supporting wall not included).per m25,000to10,000CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 119 CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
64、BUILDING TYPEUS$/m2 CFA SHANGHAI+BEIJING+GUANGZHOU/SHENZHEN+CHONGQING/CHENGDU+DOMESTICApartments,high rise,average standard 740-816 652-716 627-690 603-718 Apartments,high rise,high end 1,672-1,822 1,579-1,798 1,009-1,104 976-1,231Terraced houses,average standard 1,023-1,114 933-1,011 940-1,090 833-
65、985Detached houses,high end 1,799-1,908 1,793-1,871 1,803-2,049 1,061-1,212OFFICE/COMMERCIALMedium/high rise offices,average standard 941-1,243 912-1,228 876-976 958-1,108 High rise offices,prestige quality 1,220-1,669 1,482-2,017 1,280-1,544 1,210-1,629Out-of-town shopping centre,average standard N
66、/A 695-929 844-926 773-989Retail malls,high end 1,294-1,669 1,257-1,730 1,226-1,714 1,152-1,613HOTELSBudget hotels-3-star,mid market 1,039-1,267 1,028-1,267 1,110-1,221 1,038-1,281Business hotels-4/5-star 1,674-2,267 1,719-2,269 1,794-2,561 1,867-2,331Luxury hotels-5-star 2,264-2,707 2,188-2,816 2,4
67、39-2,688 2,301-2,756CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTEDASIAN CITIESCONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIESCONSTRUCTION COST DATA20The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2020 levels,inclusive of preliminaries but exclusive of contingencies.+Schools(primary and secondary)are of public authority standard,
68、no a/c and complete with basic external works.(Contd)INDUSTRIALIndustrial units,shell only(Conventional single storey framed units)293-358 287-350 327-390 471-593Owner operated factories,low rise,light weight industry 453-566 555-636N/AN/AOTHERSUnderground/basement car parks(3 levels)776-1,082 794-8
69、73 579-924 457-642Multi storey car parks,above ground(4 levels)398-555 478-483 413-456 363-449Schools(primary and secondary)593-749 553-714 459-505 483-535Students residences 434-592 391-553 290-320 337-490Sports clubs,multi purpose sports/leisure centres(dry sports)1,001-1,229 947-955 800-880 765-8
70、42General hospitals-public sector 1,529-1,972 1,245-1,559 1,212-1,515 1,225-1,530Exchange Rate Used :US$1=RMB 6.60RMB 6.60RMB 6.60RMB 6.60CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 121 CONSTRUCTION COST DATABUILDING TYPEUS$/m2 CFAHONG KONG MACAU SINGAPORE KUALALUMPURDOMESTICApartments,high rise,average standard 2,990-3
71、,460 2,308-2,823 1,360-1,505 305-590 Apartments,high rise,high end 3,870-4,520 3,223-4,926 2,095-3,090 710-1,410Terraced houses,average standard 4,080-4,720 3,934-4,694 1,765-1,950 220-350 Detached houses,high end5,970 up4,798-6,2422,245-2,940 740-1,000OFFICE/COMMERCIALMedium/high rise offices,avera
72、ge standard 2,950-3,390 2,657-3,430 1,765-1,950 580-755 High rise offices,prestige quality 3,540-4,0803,430-3,753 1,985-2,130 900-1,280 Out-of-town shopping centre,average standard 2,930-3,430 2,502-3,7531,985-2,060 545-725Retail malls,high end 3,790-4,5203,934-4,746 2,095-2,280 680-1,015HOTELSBudge
73、t hotels-3-star,mid market 3,750-4,0003,495-3,959 2,205-2,390 1,015-1,420Business hotels-4/5-star 3,880-4,530 4,746-5,673 2,830-3,160 1,340-2,210Luxury hotels-5-star 4,530-5,2105,673-6,706 2,830-3,160 1,935-2,475CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTEDASIAN CITIESCONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES(
74、Contd)CONSTRUCTION COST DATA22(Contd)The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2020 levels,inclusive of preliminaries but exclusive of contingencies.Rates are exclusive of any management contract fee.Rates are nett of GST and exclusive of cost impact arising from COVID-19 pandemic.Includes raised floor and
75、 ceiling to tenanted areas but excludes office carpets(normally under tenants fit-out).Open on all sides with parapet.6-12 units per floor,46m2-83m2 per unit,exclude air-conditioning equipment,kitchen cabinets and home appliances.Terraced houses exclude air-conditioning,kitchen cabinets and home app
76、liances.Offices exclude tenant fitout and raised floor.Offices exclude tenant fitout.Schools are standard governement provisions.Student hostels to university standard.INDUSTRIALIndustrial units,shell only(Conventional single storey framed units)N/A N/A770-940320-440Owner operated factories,low rise
77、,light weight industry 2,270-2,850N/AN/A430-530OTHERSUnderground/basement car parks(3 levels)3,200-3,830 2,076-3,044955-1,270 310-540Multi storey car parks,above ground(4 levels)1,910-2,2701,148-1,509660-940 220-350Schools(primary and secondary)2,490-2,680 2,295-2,657N/A 250-315 Students residences
78、2,850-3,210 1,818-2,1151,620-1,730 295-370 Sports clubs,multi purpose sports/leisure centres(dry sports)3,740-4,270N/A 2,020-2,130 595-740General hospitals-public sector 4,750-5,280N/A 2,830-2,940 850-1,170Exchange Rate Used :US$1=HK$7.75MOP 7.98S$1.36RM 4.11 Offices of average standard are built to
79、 the following provisions:(i)Curtain wall/window wall facade (ii)Tenant areas include screeded floor,painted wall and ceilingSchools(primary and secondary)are of public authority standard,no a/c and complete with basic external works.CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 123 CONSTRUCTION COST DATABUILDING TYPEUS$/
80、m2 CFAMANILA INDIA BANGKOK HO CHI MINH&JAKARTA*DOMESTICApartments,high rise,average standard 1,009-1,422 585-665 800-947 638-791 834-944Apartments,high rise,high end 1,363-2,590 880-1,060 1,066-1,312 812-931 1,149-1,297Terraced houses,average standard 983-1,203 405-425 500-614 430-505 443-576Detache
81、d houses,high end 1,909-3,237 530-560 866-1,046 491-599 1,202-1,343OFFICE/COMMERCIALMedium/high rise offices,average standard 999-1,236 460-500 800-947 746-864 822-912High rise offices,prestige quality 1,446-1,823 580-610 999-1,279 861-1,173 1,295-1,434Out-of-town shopping centre,average standard 84
82、9-1,058 450-490 683-880 N/A 708-783Retail malls,high end 1,160-1,626 630-675 916-963 697-913 780-845HOTELSBudget hotels-3-star,mid market 1,269-1,415 865-960 1,249-1,378 1,384-1,694 1,430-1,689Business hotels-4/5-star 1,430-2,389 1,350-1,600 1,599-1,827 N/A 1,950-2,106Luxury hotels-5-star 1,965-3,78
83、3 1,705-1,870 1,866-2,159 1,748-2,098 2,071-2,336CONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTEDASIAN CITIESCONSTRUCTION COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES(Contd)CONSTRUCTION COST DATA24The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2020 levels,inclusive of preliminaries but exclusive of contingencies.Rates include 12%VAT.$Rates
84、are nett of VAT.Rates include 12%VAT.Rates are based on projects in Bangalore and are nett of GST.Mumbai costs are generally 8%higher.The data for India is provided by Arkind LS Private Limited,an Arcadis Alliance Partner.&Rates are nett of VAT.Rates exclude VAT.*The data for Jakarta is provided by
85、PT Lantera Sejahtera Indonesia.INDUSTRIALIndustrial units,shell only(Conventional single storey framed units)566-633 365-420 533-664 306-386 380-414Owner operated factories,low rise,light weight industry 761-951 385-450N/A 347-457 413-456OTHERSUnderground/basement car parks(3 levels)594-783 295-320
86、600-797 633-756 587-721Multi storey car parks,above ground(4 levels)504-725 245-265 200-325 407-447 380-414Schools(primary and secondary)744-1,026 305-340N/A 535-584N/AStudents residences 787-1,010 335-370N/A 535-687N/ASports clubs,multi purpose sports/leisure centres(dry sports)1,259-1,831 620-650N
87、/A 791-846 1,200-1,798General hospitals-public sector 1,512-1,753 675-740N/AN/AN/AExchange Rate Used :US$1=PHP 48.94INR 74.39BAHT 30.28VND 23,500IDR 14,458CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 125 CONSTRUCTION COST DATAM&E COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIESM&E COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIESBUILDING TYPESHANGHAIBEIJI
88、NGGUANGZHOU/SHENZHENCHONGQING/CHENGDURMB/m2 CFARMB/m2 CFARMB/m2 CFARMB/m2 CFAMECHANICAL SERVICESOffices 822-1,045 783-1,212 775-1,150 758-1,030Industrial*182-307 172-283 155-285 146-242Hotels 1,040-1,356 960-1,236 1,080-1,350 970-1,333Shopping Centres 1,102-1,160 814-980 715-910 929-1,050Apartment 3
89、30-436 144-464 152-410 157-313ELECTRICAL SERVICESOffices 645-728 475-859 540-795 470-687Industrial*323-457 329-464 320-459 273-374Hotels 703-898 726-972 715-980 606-864Shopping Centres 561-703 495-697 500-690 530-687Apartment 272-399 261-410 285-500 237-354HYDRAULIC SERVICESOffices 115-171 98-144 10
90、3-184 89-126Industrial 92-135 98-144 89-124 89-126Hotels 389-535 381-495 390-500 343-470CONSTRUCTION COST DATA26The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2020 levels,exclusive of contingencies.*Generally without A/C.*Excludes special power supply.(Contd)Shopping Centres 145-195 144-206 114-168 106-157Apart
91、ment 177-240 175-236 150-280 106-187FIRE SERVICESOffices 241-338 186-273 230-350 250-303Industrial 167-278 155-232 143-272 136-242Hotels 306-412 226-387 285-425 263-364Shopping Centres 273-407 226-387 248-383 263-384Apartment 58-108 72-139 72-185 61-116LIFTS/ESCALATORSOffices 294-578 297-583 295-517
92、 313-576Industrial 142-410 146-404 150-440 157-364Hotels 230-520 234-525 250-480 261-449Shopping Centres 342-520 330-525 325-470 303-460Apartment 173-306 177-292 130-450 146-253CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 127 CONSTRUCTION COST DATAM&E COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIESM&E COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES(Con
93、td)BUILDING TYPEHONG KONGMACAU SINGAPORE KUALALUMPURHK$/m2 CFAMOP/m2 CFAS$/m2 CFARM/m2 CFAMECHANICAL SERVICESOffices 1,900-2,600 N/A 153-249 330-495Industrial*200-300 N/A 34-117 90-190Hotels 2,000-2,500 2,590 -2,990 215-278 315-595Shopping Centres 2,100-2,600 2,350 -2,940 147-246 310-480Apartment 80
94、0-2,000 up 900 -1,200 90-170 125-210ELECTRICAL SERVICESOffices 1,700-2,400 N/A 158-258 300-465Industrial*650-850 N/A 55-136 155-195Hotels 1,900-2,500 2,590-3,090 277-367 310-550Shopping Centres 1,700-2,400 2,590-2,940 160-304 305-465Apartment 1,000-2,100up 1,000-1,290 112-236 115-215HYDRAULIC SERVIC
95、ESOffices 700-850 N/A 26-55 45-70Industrial 500-650 N/A 18-36 45-55Hotels 1,800-2,700 1,790-2,190 122-172 185-275CONSTRUCTION COST DATA28*Generally without A/C.*Excludes special power supply.Rates are nett of GST,excluding BAS and cost impact arising from COVID-19 pandemic.(Contd)The above costs are
96、 at 4th Quarter 2020 levels,exclusive of contingencies.Shopping Centres 700-900 600-790 46-80 35-40Apartment 1,300-2,000 1,490-1,990 79-143 55-100FIRE SERVICESOffices 550-700 N/A 33-56 65-85Industrial 400-500 N/A 23-51 55-70Hotels 600-850 910-1,120 28-55 65-100Shopping Centres 550-700 610-810 37-56
97、60-80Apartment 100-600 250-300 24-51 20-30LIFTS/ESCALATORSOffices 700-1,100 N/A 63-162 135-355Industrial 550-750 N/A 41-104 55-180Hotels 550-850 610-810 49-82 105-295Shopping Centres 850-1,000 460-710 56-90 100-120Apartment 450-850 460-610 41-113 70-110CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 129 CONSTRUCTION COST DA
98、TABUILDING TYPE MANILA INDIA BANGKOK HO CHI MINH JAKARTA#PHP/m2 CFAINR/m2 CFABAHT/m2 CFAVND/m2 CFAIDR/m2 CFAMECHANICAL SERVICESOffices 4,000-7,150 5,110-6,995 4,400-4,800 2,132,000-3,035,000 1,013,000-1,166,000Industrial*800-1,600 2,400-4,465 1,550-1,600 N/A 459,000-733,000Hotels 3,500 -11,190 5,920
99、-7,000 4,600-5,200 N/A 1,044,000-1,356,000Shopping Centres 2,890-7,070 5,215-7,130 4,600-4,800 N/A 892,000-1,071,000Apartment 1,390-4,450 2,690-3,765 4,300-4,500 1,601,000-2,193,000 997,000-1,266,000ELECTRICAL SERVICESOffices 3,500-7,690 4,620-6,930 3,400-3,800 2,204,000-2,641,000 890,000-1,092,000I
100、ndustrial*2,000-3,500 2,720-4,925 1,950-2,200 N/A 580,000-722,000Hotels 4,900-10,200 5,125-7,625 3,800-4,500 N/A 843,000-1,161,000Shopping Centres 3,060-6,600 4,405-6,430 2,800-3,200 N/A 712,000-897,000Apartment 3,600-6,300 2,330-3,330 2,800-3,350 1,938,000-2,443,000 939,000-1,097,000HYDRAULIC SERVI
101、CES Offices 1,230-2,200 800-1,345 780-900 340,000-630,000 216,000-311,000Industrial 800-1,400 550-1,050 750-790 N/A 137,000-211,000Hotels 2,250-6,820 4,210-6,910 1,400-1,650 N/A 986,000-1,161,000M&E COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIESM&E COSTS FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES(Contd)CONSTRUCTION COST DATA30(Con
102、td)#The data for Jakarta is provided by PT Lantera Sejahtera Indonesia.*Generally without A/C.*Excludes special power supply.Transformer,included in Electrical Services.The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2020 levels,exclusive of contingencies.Rates are based on projects in Bangalore and are nett of
103、GST.Mumbai costs are generally 8%higher.The data for India is provided by Arkind LS Private Limited,an Arcadis Alliance PartnerShopping Centres 1,220-1,650 1,200-2,365 790-950 N/A 195,000-301,000Apartment 2,250-4,100 1,900-2,865 1,200-1,400 660,000-770,000 997,000-1,181,000FIRE SERVICESOffices 980-1
104、,720 1,290-1,835 780-850 734,000-1,209,000 296,000-411,000Industrial 1,000-2,500 590-885 730-750 N/A 148,000-211,000Hotels 1,100-2,120 1,500-2,090 780-890 N/A 327,000-406,000Shopping Centres 1,090-1,730 1,235-1,555 780-820 N/A 274,000-321,000Apartment 980-1,350 690-895 750-850 515,000-646,000 311,00
105、0-338,000LIFTS/ESCALATORSOffices 1,800-4,930 1,020-1,340 1,100-1,400 680,000-1,300,000 580,000-1,171,000Industrial 0-730 680-880 N/A N/A N/AHotels 1,800-3,500 1,530-2,225 1,100-1,400 N/A 697,000-1,087,000Shopping Centres 1,600-3,010 1,790-2,290 300-450 1,390,000-1,960,000 321,000-865,000Apartment 85
106、0-3,440 920-1,200 600-800 770,000-1,120,000 707,000-881,000 Based upon nett enclosed area and nett of VAT.CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 131 CONSTRUCTION COST DATADESCRIPTIONSHANGHAIBEIJINGGUANGZHOU/SHENZHENCHONGQING/CHENGDUUNITRMBRMBRMBRMB1.Excavating basement 2.00m deepm3 30 33 40 352.Excavating for footi
107、ngs 1.50m deepm3 30 35 40 353.Remove excavated materials off sitem3 190 120 110 654.Hardcore bed blinded with fine materialsm3 190 190 190 1805.Mass concrete grade 15m3 660 610 740 5306.Reinforced concrete grade 30m3 700 650 800 5607.Mild steel rod reinforcementkg 5.4 5.6 6 5.58.High tensile rod rei
108、nforcementkg 5.4 5.6 6 5.59.Sawn formwork to soffits of suspended slabsm2 95 90 90 6510.Sawn formwork to columns and wallsm2 90 85 85 6011.112.5mm thick brick wallsm2 100*80 100 8012.Kliplok Colorbond 0.64mm profiled steel sheetingm2 N/A N/A N/A N/AMAJOR RATES FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIESMAJOR RATES FO
109、R SELECTED ASIAN CITIESCONSTRUCTION COST DATA32(Contd)*Rates for double glazed window.*Rate for 120mm thick concrete block wallsThe above costs are at 4th Quarter 2020 levels and are based on lump sum fixed price contract rates exclusive of preliminaries and contingencies.13.Aluminium casement windo
110、ws,single glazedm2 700 815*700 670*14.Structural steelwork-beams,stanchions and the likekg 10 11 12.5 1015.Steelwork-angles,channels,flats and the likekg 8.5 9.5 11.5 916.25mm cement and sand(1:3)pavingm2 35 32 36 3017.20mm cement and sand(1:4)plaster to wallsm2 35 32 36 3018.Ceramic tiles bedded to
111、 floor screed(measured separately)m2 160 145 155 14019.12mm fibrous plasterboard ceiling liningm2 160 162 165 15020.Two coats of emulsion paint to plastered surfacesm2 40 32 35 35Average expected preliminaries%6-12 5-12 7-10 6-12CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 133 CONSTRUCTION COST DATADESCRIPTIONHONG KONGMA
112、CAUSINGAPORE KUALA LUMPURUNITHK$MOPS$RM1.Excavating basement 2.00m deepm3 210 150 20 15-262.Excavating for footings 1.50m deepm3 190 180 20 15-263.Remove excavated materials off sitem3 290 150 15-20 18-304.Hardcore bed blinded with fine materialsm3 940 1,300 50 72-1005.Mass concrete grade 15m3 1,050
113、 1,500 177-187 225-2956.Reinforced concrete grade 30m3 1,150 1,400 117-122 250-3007.Mild steel rod reinforcementkg 9.5 7.5 1.25-1.35 3.25-3.78.High tensile rod reinforcementkg 9.5 7.5 1.25-1.35 3.25-3.79.Sawn formwork to soffits of suspended slabsm2 400 280 40 36-4610.Sawn formwork to columns and wa
114、llsm2 400 280 40 36-4611.112.5mm thick brick wallsm2 390 450 35-40 43-5012.Kliplok Colorbond 0.64mm profiled steel sheetingm2 1,000 N/A 43 70-90MAJOR RATES FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIESMAJOR RATES FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES(Contd)CONSTRUCTION COST DATA34(Contd)Rates are nett of GST and exclude cost impac
115、t arising from COVID-19 pandemic Rate for lean concrete blinding.The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2020 levels and are based on lump sum fixed price contract rates exclusive of preliminaries and contingencies.13.Aluminium casement windows,single glazedm2 3,800 4,000 290 380-60014.Structural steelwo
116、rk-beams,stanchions and the likekg 35 30 4-4.5 6.5-9.515.Steelwork-angles,channels,flats and the likekg 42 40 4-4.5 6.5-9.516.25mm cement and sand(1:3)pavingm2 155 120 21 17-2617.20mm cement and sand(1:4)plaster to wallsm2 160 150 22 18-2818.Ceramic tiles bedded to floor screed(measured separately)m
117、2 400 450 74 55-8019.12mm fibrous plasterboard ceiling liningm2 570 650 30 36-4620.Two coats of emulsion paint to plastered surfacesm2 90 200 3.5-4 3.4-5.0Average expected preliminaries%10-15 10 12-15 6-15 Rates including dumping charges.CONSTRUCTION COST DATA 135 CONSTRUCTION COST DATADESCRIPTIONMA
118、NILAINDIABANGKOKHO CHI MINH#JAKARTA UNITPHPINRBAHTVNDIDR1.Excavating basement 2.00m deepm3270230 120-140 72,400 65,0002.Excavating for footings 1.50m deepm3538215 120-140 72,400 100,0003.Remove excavated materials off sitem3350N/A 120-150 84,700 50,0004.Hardcore bed blinded with fine materialsm3 1,4
119、00-1,6004,570 650-750 280,900 650,0005.Mass concrete grade 15m34,4006,180 2,300-2,500 1,606,400 950,0006.Reinforced concrete grade 30m34,8997,735 2,800-3,200 1,912,291 1,135,0007.Mild steel rod reinforcementkg 51-5567 25-28 17,864 11,0008.High tensile rod reinforcementkg 52-5564 24-27 17,988 11,0009
120、.Sawn formwork to soffits of suspended slabsm2 950-1,200700 450-500 225,750 200,00010.Sawn formwork to columns and wallsm21,200753 450-500 257,250 195,00011.112.5mm thick brick wallsm2N/A1,140 650-750 312,780 250,00012.Kliplok Colorbond 0.64mm profiled steel sheetingm21,5001,7651,200 401,110-597,600
121、 300,000MAJOR RATES FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIESMAJOR RATES FOR SELECTED ASIAN CITIES(Contd)CONSTRUCTION COST DATA36 Rate for aluminium with anodized finish;6mm thick.The above costs are at 4th Quarter 2020 levels and are based on lump sum fixed price contract rates exclusive of preliminaries and conti
122、ngencies.Rate for 9mm gypsum board.All rates above are Supply and Fix,based on projects in Bangalore and are nett of GST.Mumbai costs are generally 8%higher.The data for India is provided by Arkind LS Private Limited,an Arcadis Alliance Partner.13.Aluminium casement windows,single glazedm2 12,500 6,
123、230 7,000 6,315,000 1,650,00014.Structural steelwork-beams,stanchions and the likekg 180 130 60-75 48,650 26,00015.Steelwork-angles,channels,flats and the likekg 160 130 60-75 48,650 26,00016.25mm cement and sand(1:3)pavingm2 650 493 200-240 94,000 90,00017.20mm cement and sand(1:4)plaster to wallsm
124、2500-700 405 220-260 144,000 100,00018.Ceramic tiles bedded to floor screed(measured separately)m2 1,800 1,765 1,200 674,180 200,00019.12mm fibrous plasterboard ceiling liningm21,400-1,645 1,400 750-850 245,700 215,00020.Two coats of emulsion paint to plastered surfacesm2500-800 220 140-180 91,000 3
125、5,000Average expected preliminaries%12-189-1312-188-128-10 Rates are nett of VAT.#Rates are nett of VAT.The data for Jakarta is provided by PT Lantera Sejahtera Indonesia.Rates including dumping charges.Rates for 120mm thick concrete block walls.*Rates for double glazed window.CONSTRUCTION COST DATA
126、 137 CONSTRUCTION COST DATABUILDING TYPEOUTLINE SPECIFICATIONDOMESTICApartments,high rise,average standardApartment units with fit-out,including air-conditioning,kitchen cabinets and home appliances,but excluding decorative light fittings and loose furnitureApartments,high rise,high endApartment uni
127、ts with good quality fit-out,including air-conditioning,kitchen cabinets and home appliances,but excluding decorative light fittings and loose furnitureTerraced houses,average standardHouses with fit-out,including air-conditioning,kitchen cabinets and home appliances,but excluding decorative light f
128、ittings,loose furniture,garden and parkingDetached houses,high endHouses with good quality fit-out,including air-conditioning,kitchen cabinets and home appliances,but excluding decorative light fittings,loose furniture,garden and parkingOFFICE/COMMERCIALMedium/high rise offices,average standardRC st
129、ructure,curtain wall,including public area fit-out,tenant area with raised floor/carpet,painted wall and false ceilingHigh rise offices,prestige qualityCONSTRUCTION COST SPECIFICATIONCONSTRUCTION COST SPECIFICATIONCONSTRUCTION COST DATA38(Contd)Out-of-town shopping centre,average standardIncluding p
130、ublic area fit-out and M&E,but excluding shop fit-outRetail malls,high endHOTELSBudget hotels-3-star,mid market1)Including interior decoration,furniture(fixed and movable),and special light fittings(chandeliers,etc.)2)Excluding Operating Supplies and Equipment(OS&E).Business hotels-4/5-starLuxury ho
131、tels-5-starINDUSTRIALIndustrial units,shell only(Conventional single storey framed units)RC structure with steel roof and M&E to main distribution,but excluding a/c,heating and lightingOwner operated factories,low rise,light weight industryRC structure,including small office with simple fit-out and
132、M&E,but excluding a/c and heatingCONSTRUCTION COST DATA 139 CONSTRUCTION COST DATABUILDING TYPEOUTLINE SPECIFICATIONOTHERSUnderground/basement car parks(3 levels)RC structureMulti storey car parks,above ground(4 levels)RC structure,natural ventilaion,no facade enclosureSchools(primary and secondary)
133、Including fit-out and a/c,but excluding educational equipmentStudents residencesIncluding fit-out,loose furniture and a/cSports clubs,multi purpose sports/leisure centres(dry sports)Dry sports(no swimming pool)and are for leisure centre type schemes including main sports hall,ancillary sports facili
134、ties,changing and showers,restaurant/cafe,bar,etc.Costs include a/c,Furniture,Fittings and Equipment(FF&E).General hospitals-public sectorExcluding medical and operating equipmentCONSTRUCTION COST SPECIFICATIONCONSTRUCTION COST SPECIFICATION(Contd)CONSTRUCTION COST DATA40Notes:1.The costs for the re
135、spective categories given above are averages based on fixed price competitive tenders.It must be understood that the actual cost of a building will depend upon the design and many other factors and may vary from the figures shown.2.The costs per square metre are based on Construction Floor Areas(CFA
136、)measured to the outside face of the external walls/external perimeter including lift shafts,stairwells,balconies,plant rooms,water tanks and the like.3.The costs include foundation and substructure.4.All bulidings are assumed to have no basements(except otherwise stated)and are built on flat ground
137、,with normal soil and site condition.The costs exclude site formation works,external works,land cost,professional fees,finance and legal expenses.5.The standard for each category of building varies from region to region and do not necessary follow that of each other.6.All costs are in US$/m2 CFA.Flu
138、ctuation in exchange rates may lead to changes in construction costs expressed in U.S.dollars.2GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATAGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA422021 Outlook (China,Hong Kong and Macau)Building Cost Trends in Hong Kong Material Prices in Hong KongLabour Index in Hong Kong Labour Wages in Hong Kong
139、Estimating Rules of Thumb&Design NormsConstruction Activity in Hong KongConstruction Value in Hong KongHong Kong General Construction InsuranceSpecified Forms for Buildings Ordinance or Regulations for Hong KongSummary of Building Regulations for Hong KongPercentage Site Coverage and Plot Ratio for
140、Hong KongEvolving Regulations for Green Building in ChinaProcurement Strategies and Form of ContractConstruction Workdone ForecastGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA243 2021 OUTLOOK CHINAThe COVID-19 pandemic dealt a double blow on economic and financial fronts.The international comm
141、unity has largely reached a consensus that the global economy went to recession in 2020.China experienced around two months of lockdown to prevent the spread of COVID-19 at the beginning of 2020 and continues to take effective precautionary measures.The real estate investment in Mainland China in th
142、e first two months of this year has decreased by(-)16.3%YoY.The sales of commercial buildings decreased(-)35.9%YoY.The economic activities began to recover after the completion of lockdown and the real estate market rebounded after March 2020.Up to November 2020,real estate investment and the sales
143、of commercial buildings reached an increase of(+)6.8%and(+)7.2%YoY respectively(according to National Bureau of Statistics(NBS).The data presented a V-shaped recovery in real estate market.Despite the impact of the pandemic,Chinas economy saw GDP growth of(+)0.7%YoY,in the first three quarters of 20
144、20.There is a significant drop compared with the growth of(+)6.2%in Q3 2019.Inflation was stable,with the composite Consumer Price Index(CPI)slightly decreased by(-)0.5%YoY as recorded in November 2020.The Chinese government recorded annual reduction of(-)3.3%in land sales in the first three quarter
145、s of 2020.The completed construction area and new commencement area decreased by(-)9.2%and(-)2.6%respectively.As recorded in November 2020,construction wages increased by(+)10%(+)15%YoY in the first tier cities,due to the shortage of construction labour.However,the construction wages in second tier
146、cities and other regions of China is remain stable.GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA44(Contd)Basic construction product costs fluctuated in price with rebar(+)1.8%,steel(+)8.5%,concrete(+)4.9%and cement(-)1.7%YoY.Taking Shanghai,Beijing,Shenzhen/Guangzhou and Chengdu/Chongqing as the representative cities o
147、f East,North,South and West Regions of China,the tender price recorded an increase of 1%of Shanghai,Beijing and Shenzhen/Guangzhou,while remained stable in Chengdu/Chongqing in 2020.The growth of construction wages is anticipated to be(+)5%and above in the coming year.Moreover,due to the upward tren
148、d of commodities prices(including copper,aluminium and oil,etc.),we anticipate the major material will rise in price.We anticipate that construction costs will increase by 5%in 2021 and 3%in 2022.GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA245 2021 OUTLOOK HONG KONGThe Hong Kong construction
149、industry experienced a tough year in 2020.Overall,construction activities slowed down due to the global COVID-19 pandemic.Construction output continued to decline in 2020.The GDP growth rate recorded(-)3.5%Year-on-Year(YoY)based on Q3 2020,after four consecutive negative growth rates since Q3 2019 y
150、et slightly rebounded from the trough of(-)9.1%in Q1 2020.Deflation began from July 2020 for the first time since March 2017.Overall,the Consumer Price Index(CPI)fluctuated throughout the year and decreased by 0.2%in November 2020.Quiet private construction market and increasing public worksConstruc
151、tion activities in private sector became subdued this year.The gross value of construction works declined by 3.3%YoY based on Q3 2020,principally inflicted by a notable drop of(-)21.9%YoY in private sector.The long-term limited operations of the government departments due to the COVID-19 pandemic to
152、ok a heavy toll on the private construction market.Consent to commence building works issued by the Buildings Department reduced by 21.1%YoY based on the past 12 months up to October 2020.This showed a significant drop compared to the(+)41.2%YoY surge in 2019.Commencement of building works was also
153、adversely affected,with(+)2.8%YoY based on recent 12 months up to October 2020,which is much less than the(+)39.7%growth the year before.However,the public sector demonstrated an upturn in the second half of the year with a rise in the gross value of performed public works of(+)8.4%YoY based on Q3 2
154、020.Up to the third quarter of financial year of 2020/21,the Hong Kong Legislative Council(LegCo)approved HK$99 billion Capital Works Reserve Fund for upcoming public works equivalent to 93%of the total funding in the previous financial year.Such trends indicate that the local construction market wi
155、ll be likely to rely heavily on the public works in the short-term.Housing and land supplyAs addressed in the Long-Term Housing Strategy Annual Progress Report 2020,the total housing supply target for the 10-year period from 2020-21 to 2029-30 is 430,000 units,consisting of 70%public housing units a
156、nd 30%private housing units.Hence,the public and private housing supply will be 301,000 units and 129,000 units respectively.Although the 2020 Policy Address announced the government has identified 330 hectares of land for providing GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA46316,000 public housing units in the long
157、-term the latest average targeted yearly production is 20,260 units,which is still 9,840 units fewer than the yearly average of the 10-year target.Public housing projects would need to be speed up to keep up the pace to meet the long-term target.The yearly average of the 10-year target regarding pri
158、vate housing supply is low as well.According to the 2020 Policy Address,to increase land supply,the government has planned to accelerate the development of Northwest New Territories,New Territories North and Tuen Mun West,to provide more public housing on top of the Siu Ho Wan Depot,redevelop three
159、urban squatter areas in Kowloon and maintain the Land Sharing Pilot Scheme to develop private land.Long time frames are required for planning and development of the above projects,the land supply is therefore unlikely to be boosted in the near future.Cost of materials and labourThe Tender Price Inde
160、x(TPI)decreased by 3.3%YoY based on Q4 2020.Prices of steel and diesel fuel decreased by 7%and 4%YoY respectively,based on Q3 2020.Portland cement,sand and basic materials remained stable in the same period.The construction labour wages index remained constant based on Q3 2020 comparing to preceding
161、 year.There was slight pay rise in most of the trades when comparing to the previous year,especially for bricklayer and mechanical fitter,while wages of concretor,bar bender and fixer dropped.In October 2020,the Hong Kong Construction Industry Employees General Union recommended continuing the pay f
162、reeze covering 15 trades in another 12 months.Looking forwardRegarding the prospect of 2021,Arcadis anticipates a relatively low level of local construction activities owing to the uncertainty brought by the unabated pandemic and downturn in the private construction sector.Job opportunities are like
163、ly to maintain stable due to the ongoing public works,however it is not sustainable to rely solely on public sector in the long-term.Although there is higher level of public construction activities,the yearly completion of public housing is still unlikely to meet the average of governments long-term
164、 target soon.Furthermore,the land supply planning involves large area of lands in the New Territories so it will take a long time to practically benefit the construction market and relieve the pressure of housing supply.With all these in mind,it is anticipated that construction costs will drop by 4%
165、in 2021 and 2%in 2022.GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA247 2021 OUTLOOK MACAUIn 2020,Macaus overall economy showed a significant drop mainly due to the continuous impact of the global Covid-19 pandemic.With continued travel restrictions,the total number of visitor arrivals in Macau
166、 dramatically dropped by 83.9%in the first half of 2020 as reported by the DSEC(Macau Government Statistics and Census Service).According to DICJ(Macau Government Gaming Inspection and Coordination Bureau),the gross gaming revenue for October 2020 was MOP 45.86 Billion,dropping by 81.4%YoY.The hotel
167、 sector was also affected by the decline in visitor arrivals.As reported by the Macau Government Economic Bureau,the number of hotels as at the end of June 2020 has decreased by 6 YoY to 77,providing 34,000 guest rooms.The number of guestrooms dropped by 4,000 YoY.The hotel occupancy rate in the fir
168、st half of 2020 was 26.7%,which has decreased by 64.9%YoY.The total number of guests was 1.78 million in the first half of the year,representing a decrease of 73.9%YoY.In respect of Macro View,under the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic,the overall economy of Macau in the first half of 2020 contracted
169、 with a significant decline in services exports,private consumption expenditure and gross fixed capital formation as reported by the Macau Government Economic Bureau.In the first half of 2020,the Gross Domestic Product(GDP)of Macau was MOP 91.27 billion,dropping by 58.2%YoY.The inflation rate indica
170、ted a slowdown in 2020 while the unemployment rate was increasing.In the second quarter of 2020,the unemployment rate was 2.5%which has increased by 0.8%YoY,and the under-employment rate was 3.0%,which had increased by 3.4%YoY.GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA48Looking into the construction industry in 2020
171、,both the casino and hotel resort projects and Government projects drove the construction market in Macau.However,due to the impact of Covid-19 and the economic turndown,investment appear to be conservative and a number of Hotel and Gaming Alteration and Additions(A&A)projects have slowdown or been
172、suspended.According to DSEC(Macau Statistics and Census Service),the price of construction materials has increased by 0.8%YoY as of 3rd Quarter 2020,while the construction workers wages has increased by 3.1%YoY as of Q3 2019.The increased in construction workers wages is mainly due to the travel res
173、trictions that have forced construction companies to employ a higher proportion of local workers rather than mainland workers.Looking ahead to 2021,the challenges facing Macau will be multi-factor including uncertainty in the time frame for the tourism industry recovery and relief of travel restrict
174、ion,China-US economic tension and the slowdown in Chinas economic growth.Notwithstanding the above,in order to revitalize the economy and to alleviate the rising unemployment rate,the Macau Government plans to invest MOP 17.7 billion on infrastructure and building projects in 2021.The Macau Governme
175、nt investment measures will certainly help to increase job opportunities and expedite the economy recovery in Macau.As it is anticipated that the impact of the Covid-19 pandemic on the economy will not be totally diminished in the coming one or two years,we anticipate that the construction costs wil
176、l drop by 2%in 2021 and 1.5%in 2022 respectively.CONSTRUCTION COST TREND PREDICTIONREGION202020212022China(+)1%(+)5%(+)3%Hong Kong(-)3.3%(-)4%(-)2%Macau(+)3.4%(-)2%(-)1.5%GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA249 7009001,1001,3001,5001,7001,9002,100 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20YearA
177、rcadis Tender Price IndexBUILDING COST TRENDS IN HONG KONGYEARINDEX(Base=100,at Year 1970)Q1Q2Q3Q4 2010 1,297 1,315 1,342 1,367 2011 1,385 1,425 1,452 1,491 2012 1,511 1,552 1,595 1,632 2013 1,688 1,713 1,747 1,786 2014 1,789 1,808 1,857 1,903 2015 1,946 1,958 1,963 1,984 2016 1,992 1,992 1,993 1,98
178、6 2017 1,975 1,968 1,957 1,946 2018 1,920 1,910 1,885 1,868 2019 1,848 1,835 1,818 1,800 2020 1,785 1,775 1,757 1,740GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA50(Contd)Source:Architectural Services Department,Hong Kong,SAR Refer to www.archsd.gov.hk for further information.*Up to Q2 onlyYEARINDEX(Base=100,at Year 19
179、70)Q1Q2Q3Q4 2010 1,134 1,161 1,249 1,266 2011 1,273 1,320 1,369 1,408 2012 1,414 1,438 1,467 1,496 2013 1,516 1,532 1,559 1,590 2014 1,621 1,648 1,679 1,703 2015 1,732 1,761 1,777 1,775 2016 1,775 1,776 1,783 1,781 2017 1,779 1,776 1,773 1,768 2018 1,755 1,727 1,708 1,698 2019 1,695 1,686 1,675 1,65
180、2 2020*1,641 1,6235008001,1001,4001,7002,000 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20YearArchSD Building Works Tender Price IndexGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA251 BUILDING COST TRENDS IN HONG KONG*1/20 to 8/20 onlySource:Civil Engineering and Development Department,Hong Kong,SAR Refer t
181、o www.cedd.gov.hk/eng/publications/standards-spec-handbooks-cost/index.html for further information.YEARHyD CONST.COST INDEX(Nov.1975 Value=100)2010 989 2011 1,075 2012 1,127 2013 1,191 2014 1,256 2015 1,282 2016 1,323 2017 1,429 2018 1,501 2019 1,477 2020*1,4529001,1001,3001,50010111213141516171819
182、20YearHighways Department Construction Cost IndexGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA52*up to Q2 only#Provisional Source:Civil Engineering and Development Department,Hong Kong,SAR Refer to www.cedd.gov.hk/eng/publications/standards-spec-handbooks-cost/index.html for further information.BUILDING COST TRENDS IN
183、HONG KONGYEARCEDD CIVIL ENGINEERING WORKS TENDER PRICE INDEX(2010 Q1=100)Q1Q2Q3Q4 2010100105110117 2011129129111104 2012132133131148 2013134135140137 2014143142146154 2015161146143133 2016142136122128 2017127129122122 201811810011794 20199410298103 2020*113107#80100120140160180 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
184、17 18 19 20YearCEDD Civil Engineering Works Tender Price IndexGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA253 MATERIAL PRICES IN HONG KONGGALVANIZED MILD STEEL ANGLESource:Census and Statistics Department,Hong Kong,SAR Refer to www.censtatd.gov.hk for further information.REBAR0510152010111213
185、14151617181920YearHKD(000)/tonne0123456781011121314151617181920YearHKD(000)/tonne Mild Steel Round Bars,6mm-20mm High Tensile Steel Bars,10mm-40mmGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA54(Contd)SAND ORDINARY PORTLAND CEMENTSource:Census and Statistics Department,Hong Kong,SAR Refer to www.censtatd.gov.hk for furt
186、her information.0501001502002503003501011121314151617181920YearHKD/tonne4505005506006507007501011121314151617181920YearHKD/tonneGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA255 Source:Organization of the Petroleum Exporting Countries(OPEC)Refer to www.opec.org for further information.Source:In
187、ternational Monetary Fund Refer to www.imf.org for further information.CRUDE OIL COPPER GRADE AMATERIAL PRICES IN HONG KONG0246810121011121314151617181920YearHKD/tonne0204060801001201401011121314151617181920YearUS$/barrel OPEC Basket PriceGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA56Source:Census and Statistics Depar
188、tment,Hong Kong,SAR Refer to www.censtatd.gov.hk for further information.LABOUR INDEX IN HONG KONG8090100110120130140150160 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20*YearIndexFigures above are the quarterly average of the monthly indices*1/20 to 9/20 onlyYEARINDEX(Base=100,at April 2003)Q1Q2Q3Q4 2010 87 87 8
189、8 89 2011 90 90 91 94 2012 95 95 96 102 2013 109 111 113 115 2014 117 121 126 133 2015 138 141 143 145 2016 146 150 152 153 2017 154 157154152 2018 149 148 149149 2019 149 149152153 2020*155 156 153GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA257 LABOUR WAGES IN HONG KONGSTRUCTURALSource:Censu
190、s and Statistics Department,Hong Kong,SAR Refer to www.censtatd.gov.hk for further information.ARCHITECTURAL-BASIC WORKS4007001,0001,3001,6001,9002,2002,5001011121314151617181920YearHK$/Day Bar bender and fixer Carpenter(formwork)Concretor4006008001,0001,2001,4001,6001011121314151617181920YearHK$/Da
191、y General welder Bricklayer General workersGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA58(Contd)ARCHITECTURAL-DECORATIVE WORKS M&ESource:Census and Statistics Department,Hong Kong,SAR Refer to www.censtatd.gov.hk for further information.4006008001,0001,2001,4001,6001011121314151617181920YearHK$/Day Plasterer Joiner Pa
192、inter4006008001,0001,2001,4001,6001011121314151617181920YearHK$/Day Plumber Electrical fitter Mechanical fitterGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA259 ESTIMATING RULES OF THUMB AND DESIGN NORMSCFA To GFA Ratio Building Type CFA:GFAResidential 1.15 to 1.25:1 Office/Commercial 1.15 to 1
193、.25:1Hotel 1.30 to 1.45:1The above ratios do not include any associated car parking area.Functional Area Distribution in 5-Star HotelsFunctional Area%of Total Hotel CFAFront of House 15-20%Guestroom Floors 50-60%Back of House 25-30%Dimensions of Typical Grade A Office SpaceComponent DimensionDistanc
194、e from curtain wall to core wall 9-13 mPopulation 9 m2 usable floor area/personAverage waiting interval for lifts 30-40 secondsDensity of Basic Materials for StructureMaterial DensityConcrete 2,400 kg/m3Cement 1,450 kg/m3Sand 1,600 kg/m3Aggregate 1,600 kg/m3Steel 7,843 kg/m3Average Loads VolumeLorry
195、(24 ton)10.0 m3Concrete truck(24 ton)5.5 m3Barge 200-1,450 m3HONG KONGGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA60Average Piling Ratio-Bored Piles Building Type m2 CFA/m2 cross section area of pilesResidential 200-330 Office/Commercial 200-300Hotel 200-330Average Piling Ratio-Driven H-PilesBuilding Type m2 CFA/No.of
196、 pilesResidential 60-120 Office/Commercial 60-110Hotel 60-120Average Piling Ratio-Pre-Bored H-PilesBuilding Type m2 CFA/No.of pilesResidential 70-150 Office/Commercial 70-140Hotel 70-150All pile ratios are for high-rise buildings with normal soil conditions.Building Structure-Concrete RatioConcrete/
197、floor area 0.4 m3/m2 to 0.5 m3/m2Formwork/floor area 2.2 m2/m2 to 3.0 m2/m2Reinforcement 160 kg/m3 to 250 kg/m3Average External Wall/Floor RatioResidential Apartments 1.2 m2/m2Office,Hotel 0.4 m2/m2Industrial 0.4 m2/m2(Contd)HONG KONG(Contd)GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA261 ESTI
198、MATING RULES OF THUMB AND DESIGN NORMSAverage Internal Wall/Floor Ratio Residential Apartments 1.0 m2/m2 Office 0.5 m2/m2Hotel 1.5 m2/m2The above ratios are indicative and for reference purposes only.They do not account for buildings with special shapes,configurations or particularly small foot prin
199、ts.Average Lighting Level Building Type LuxResidential 300 Office 500Retail 400Hotel 300School 300-500Average Power DensityBuilding Type VA/m2 CFAResidential 80-100 Office 70Retail 300-400Hotel-Accommodation 30Hotel-F&B Area 550School 50Average Cooling LoadBuilding Type m2 Cooling Area/RTResidential
200、 18-23 Office 14-18Retail 12-14Hotel 23School 23HONG KONG(Contd)GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA62Dimensions of Parking Spaces MinimumType of Vehicle Length Width Headroom Private Cars and Taxis 5 m 2.5 m 2.4 mLight Goods Vehicles 7 m 3.5 m 3.6 mMedium/Heavy Goods Vehicle 11 m 3.5 m 4.7 mContainer Vehicles
201、 16 m 3.5 m 4.7 mCoaches and Buses 12 m 3.5 m 3.8 mLight buses 8 m 3 m 3.3 mMinimum headroom means the clearance between the floor and the lower most projection from the ceiling including any lighting units,ventilation ducts,conduits or similar.Indicative Dimensions for Sports Grounds Length WidthTe
202、nnis Court 40 m 20 mSquash Court 10 m 6.4 mBasketball Court 34 m 20 mVolleyball Court 36 m 20 mBadminton Court 20 m 10 mIce Rink 61 m 26 mSoccer Pitch 120 m 90 mThe above dimensions are for a single court with appropriate clearance.No spectator seating or support area has been allowed.(Contd)HONG KO
203、NG(Contd)GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA263 ESTIMATING RULES OF THUMB AND DESIGN NORMSCHINA&HONG KONGBuilding Type China Hong Kong*DOMESTICApartments2.02.0OFFICE/COMMERCIALOffice2.03.0Shopping Arcade3.55.0HOTELSHotel2.02.0INDUSTRIALIndustrial,light duty4.05.0OTHERSCarpark,private
204、 cars2.53.0School2.53.0Theatre,Sports Hall,etc.4.05.0Hospital2.02.5Source:Load Code for the Design of Building Structures,GB 50009-2012,Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development,PRC*Code of Practice for Dead and Imposed Loads 2011,Buildings Department,HKSARMinimum Imposed Loads(kPa)for Buildin
205、g DesignGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA64CHINASeismic Precautionary Intensity ZoningAs stipulated in PRC National Standard GB 50011-2010(Code for Seismic Design of Buildings)2016,geographic regions which are classified as Level 6 or above in Seismic Precautionary Intensity Classification should incorporat
206、e seismic measures in the design of the structure and foundations.GeographicRegionsIntensityLevelGeographicRegionsIntensityLevelBeijing7-8Hong Kong7Changsha6Macau7Chengdu7-8Qingdao6-7Chongqing6-7Shanghai7Dalian6-8Shenyang7Foshan7Shenzhen6-7Guangzhou6-7Suzhou6-7Haikou8Tianjin7-8Hangzhou6-7Wuhan6-7Hen
207、gqin7Xian8Level 5Level 6Level 7Level 8Level 9Seismic Precautionary Intensity Zoningof ChinaSource:China Earthquake Data Center()GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA265 YEARCOMPLETEDm2CONSENT TO COMMENCEm2#20101,978,0001,518,000 20111,650,0001,232,000 20122,507,0002,343,000 20131,472,0
208、001,437,000 20141,908,0001,679,000 20151,897,0002,445,000 20162,134,0001,597,00020172,379,0001,900,000 20182,600,0001,358,00020192,028,0002,020,000 2020*1,309,000535,000CONSTRUCTION ACTIVITY IN HONG KONG*1/20 to 8/20 only#First Submission onlySource:Census and Statistics Department,Hong Kong,SAR Bui
209、ldings Department,Hong Kong,SAR Refer to www.censtatd.gov.hk and www.bd.gov.hk for further information.00.511.522.531011121314151617181920Gross Floor Area(Million m2)Completed Consent to CommenceGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA66CONSTRUCTION VALUE IN HONG KONG*Up to Q3 figures and are provisional onlySourc
210、e:Census and Statistics Department,Hong Kong,SAR Refer to www.censtatd.gov.hk for further information.YEARVALUE IN NOMINAL TERMSHK$MILLIONSVALUE IN CONSTANT(2000)MARKET PRICEHK$MILLIONS 2010 111,274 100,278 2011 128,535 108,263 2012 161,449 126,414 2013 176,575 129,868 2014 199,737 138,285 2015 223,
211、947 146,978 2016 236,491 149,9732017249,919148,9432018252,176143,1362019236,437131,1112020*166,43691,700040801201602002402801011121314151617181920Gross Value of Construction Work Performed(HK$Millions)Actual DiscountedGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA267 HONG KONG GENERAL CONSTRUCT
212、ION INSURANCEThis section provides general information regarding construction insurance arrangements in Hong Kong.It is common place for Hong Kong construction contracts to contain provisions as to insurances such as Employees Compensation Insurance,Third Party Liability Insurance,Works Insurance an
213、d,on occasion,Professional Liability Indemnity Insurance.For employers,the insurance placement ensures that the contractual indemnities are backed by a financial institution that can afford to pay.For contractors,it provides a certain degree of protection to ensure that he has the means to pay in th
214、e event of mishaps.The insurances may be effected by the contractor(Contractor Controlled Insurance Programme or CCIP)or be taken out by the employer(Employer Controlled Insurance Programme or ECIP).CCIP tends to be the most common insurance arrangement in Hong Kong,since the contractor is in contro
215、l of all site operations and in a better position to manage its own site safety/risk.As a poor safety record will count against the contractor in premiums negotiation in the procurement of insurance,CCIP provides an incentive for better safety/risk management.On the other hand,ECIP placement leaves
216、the control of the insurance programme in the hands of the employer,thereby offering the advantage of providing comprehensive insurance coverage on a project-wide basis and hence minimizing overlaps and gaps in insurance coverage.Employees CompensationSection 40(1)of the Employees Compensation Ordin
217、ance states that no employer shall employ any employee unless there is a policy of Employees Compensation Insurance in place.The maximum penalty for failing to comply with this provision is two years in jail and a maximum fine of HK$100,000.GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA68Under the Ordinance,the principa
218、l contractor shall take out insurance for his employees and all of the employees of subcontractors with a limit of indemnity of HK$200 million per event(or HK$100 million if the number of employees is less than 200).Since an injured worker could attempt to sue the employer,the employer will want to
219、ensure the contractor has taken out insurance in joint names with the employer.Contractors All Risks InsuranceA Contractors All Risks policy generally comprises(i)Third Party Insurance which covers injury to persons(except the Contractors own workmen)or damage to property(other than the Works),due t
220、o the carrying out of the Works which may or may not be caused by a default of the contractor.The policy is normally subject to a maximum reimbursement per incident but unlimited in the number of incidents,(ii)Contract Works Insurance which covers damage caused to the Works itself by risks not exclu
221、ded from the policy and(iii)Plant&Equipment Insurance which covers the contractors plant and equipment used in the Works.Plant&Equipment Insurance is not normally required under the contract conditions and is voluntarily purchased by the contractor.Professional Indemnity InsuranceFor construction co
222、ntracts involving contractors design,it is not uncommon for the employer to require the contractor and his design consultants and independent checking engineers to obtain insurance to cover their liability for design.For Government Contracts,the Professional Indemnity Insurance shall cover the contr
223、actors liability for design generally for the construction period and a further 6 years.GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA269 FORM NO.PURPOSERELEVANT SECTION OF REGULATION BA1Application for inclusion in the authorized persons register/structural engineers register/geotechnical engi
224、neers register/inspectors register.BOs 3(6)BA1AApplication for retention of name in the authorized persons register/structural engineers register/geotechnical engineers register/inspectors register.BOs 3(9B)BA1BApplication for restoration of name to the authorized persons register/structural enginee
225、rs register/geo-technical engineers register/inspectors register.BOs 3(12)BA2Application for registration as a general building contractor/specialist contractor.BOs 8B BA2AApplication for renewal of registration as a registered general building contractor/registered specialist contractor.BOs 8C(2)BA
226、2BApplication for restoration of name to the register of general building contractors/specialist contractors.BOs 8D(2)BA2CApplication for approval of technical director/other officer/person appointed to act for the purposes of the Buildings Ordinance for a registered general building contractor/regi
227、stered specialist contractor.BOs 8B BA4Notice of appointment of authorized person and/or registered structural engineer and/or registered geotech-nical engineer.BOs 4,B(A)R 23 BA5Application for approval of plans of building works and/or street works and certificate of preparation of plans.BOs 14(1)
228、(a),B(A)R 29&18A SPECIFIED FORMS FOR BUILDINGS ORDINANCE OR REGULATIONSSPECIFIED FORMS FOR BUILDINGS ORDINANCE OR REGULATIONS FOR HONG KONGGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA70Source:Buildings Department,Hong Kong,SAR.Refer to www.bd.gov.hk for further information.(Contd)BA6Stability certificate of authorized
229、 person and/or registered structural engineer.B(A)R 18 BA7Notice of urgent works required as a result of accident or emergency.BOs 19,B(A)R 28 BA8Application for consent to the commencement and carrying out of building works or street works.BOs 14(1)(b),B(A)R 31 BA8AApplication for concurrent consen
230、t to the commencement of building works.BOs 14(1)(b),B(A)R 31 BA9Application for renewal of consent to the carrying out of building works or street works.BOs 20 BA10Notice of appointment of registered contractor,notice of commencement of building works or street works and undertaking by registered c
231、ontractor.B(A)R 20,BOs 9 BA11Notice from a registered contractor on ceasing to be appointed in respect of building works or street works and certificate in respect of that part of the building works or street works carried out by the registered contractor.B(A)R 24 BA12Certificate on completion of bu
232、ilding works resulting in a new temporary building,a new building or part of a new building and application for temporary occupation permit in respect of such building or part.B(A)R 25,BOs 21 BA13Certificate on completion of building works resulting in a new building and application for permit to oc
233、cupy such building.B(A)R 25,BOs 21 BA14Certificate on completion of building works not resulting in a new building or of street works.B(A)R 25&26 BA14ACertificate on completion of demolition works.B(A)R 25GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA271 FORM NO.PURPOSERELEVANT SECTION OF REGUL
234、ATION BA15Notice of intended material change in the use of a building.BOs 25,B(A)R 47 BA16Application for modification of and/or exemption from the provisions of the Buildings Ordinance and/or Reg-ulations made thereunder.BOs 42 BA17Application for permit to erect a temporary building.B(P)R 51 BA18A
235、pplication for permit to erect a contractors shed.B(P)R 53 BA19Application for permit to erect hoardings,covered walkways or gantries.B(P)R 64 BA20Notice of technically competent person or persons appointed to supervise demolition works.B(DW)R 8 BA21Notice of nomination by authorized person or regis
236、tered structural engineer or registered geotechnical engineer to temporary act in his stead.BOs 4(2),B(A)R 23(2)BA22Application for authorization to carry out and/or maintain groundwater drainage works.BOs 28B(1)BA23Application for grant/renewal of licence for an oil storage installation.B(OSI)R 6(1
237、)&7(3)BA24Notification of change of business address/Contact Information.B(A)R 45SPECIFIED FORMS FOR BUILDINGS ORDINANCE OR REGULATIONSSPECIFIED FORMS FOR BUILDINGS ORDINANCE OR REGULATIONS FOR HONG KONGGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA72Source:Buildings Department,Hong Kong,SAR.Refer to www.bd.gov.hk for f
238、urther information.BA25Application for registration as a registered minor works contractor(company).B(MW)R 10(1)(B)BA25AApplication for renewal of registration of registered minor works contractor(company).B(MW)R 14(1)BA25BApplication for restoration of name to the register of minor works contractor
239、s(company).B(MW)R 18(1)BA25CApplication for registration of additional class and/or type of minor works for registered minor works contractor(company).B(MW)R 21(2)BA25DApplication for approval of nomination of additional authorized signatory/technical director of registered minor work contractor(com
240、pany).B(MW)R 24(1)BA25EApplication for review of decision of the Building Authority or recommendation of the Minor Works Contractors Registration Committee in respect of registration of minor works contractor(company).B(MW)R 26 BA26Application for registration as a registered minor works contractors
241、(individual).B(MW)R 10(1)(A)BA26AApplication for renewal of registration of registered minor works contractor(individual).B(MW)R 14(1)BA26BApplication for restoration of name to the register of minor works contractor(individual).B(MW)R 18(1)BA26CApplication for registration of additional items of Cl
242、ass III minor works for a registered minor works contractor(individual).B(MW)R 21(1)BA26DApplication for review of decision of the Building Authority or recommendation of the Minor Works Contractors Registration Committee in respect of registration of minor works contractor(individual).B(MW)R 26GENE
243、RAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA273 Source:Buildings Ordinance,Hong Kong,SAR Refer to www.legislation.gov.hk for further information.SUMMARY OF BUILDING REGULATIONS FOR HONG KONG DESCRIPTIONNUMBER OFREGULATIONSAdministration 48Appeal 13Construction 93Demolition Works 14Energy Efficien
244、cy 5Minor Works 97Minor Works(Fees)20Inspection and Repair 35Oil Storage Installations 15Planning 74Private Street and AccessRoads 28Refuse Storage and Material Recovery Chambers and Refuse Chutes 30Standards of Sanitary Fitments,Plumbing,Drainage Works and Latrines 97Ventilating Systems 8GENERAL CO
245、NSTRUCTION DATA74(Contd)Source:Buildings Ordinance,Hong Kong,SAR Refer to www.legislation.gov.hk for further information.PERCENTAGE SITE COVERAGE AND PLOT RATIOS FOR HONG KONG OPEN SPACE ABOUT DOMESTIC BUILDINGSItemClass of siteOpen space required1.Class A site Not less than one-half of the roofed-o
246、ver area of the building2.Class B siteNot less than one-third of the roofed-over area of the building3.Class C siteNot less than one-quarter of the roofed-over area of the buildingDEFINITIONClass A Site :Not being a class B or class C site,that abuts on one specified street not less than 4.5 m wide
247、or on more than one such street.Class B Site :A corner site that abuts on 2 specified streets neither of which is less than 4.5 m wide.Class C Site :A corner site that abuts on 3 specified streets none of which is less than 4.5 m wide.GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA275 Height ofB
248、uildingin metresDOMESTIC BUILDINGSPercentage site coveragePlot RatioClassAsiteClassBsiteClassCsiteClassAsiteClassBsiteClassCsite Not over 15 m66.675803.33.754.0 15 m to 18 m6067723.64.04.3 18 m to 21 m5662673.94.34.7 21 m to 24 m5258634.24.65.0 24 m to 27 m4955594.44.95.3 27 m to 30 m4652554.65.25.5
249、 30 m to 36 m4247.5505.05.76.0 36 m to 43 m3944475.46.16.5 43 m to 49 m3741445.96.57.0 49 m to 55 m3539426.37.07.5 55 m to 61 m3438416.87.68.0 Over 61 m33.3337.5408.09.010.0PERCENTAGE SITE COVERAGE AND PLOT RATIOS FOR HONG KONGSource:Buildings Ordinance,Hong Kong,SAR Refer to www.legislation.gov.hk
250、for further information.GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA76NON-DOMESTIC BUILDINGSPercentage sitecoveragePlot RatioClassAsiteClassBsiteClassCsiteClassAsiteClassBsiteClassCsite10010010055597.597.597.55.85.85.89595956.76.76.79292927.47.47.48990908.08.18.18587888.58.78.88082.5859.59.910.27577.58010.510.811.2697
251、2.57511.011.612.06467.57011.512.112.66062.56512.212.513.06062.565151515GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA277 Green Building CertificationsThe leading and nationally recognized environmental assessment tool for buildings in China is the Green Building Evaluation Standard published by
252、 the Ministry of Housing and Urban-Rural Development(MOHURD).The Green Building Evaluation Standard applies to all types of civil buildings,including residential buildings,commercial buildings,governmental offices and other public facilities.Previously,the Green Building Evaluation Standard grades a
253、pplicable buildings under a three-star system.It was revised in 2019 and the new version of the Green Building Evaluation Standard(GB-T50378-2019)added a“basic grade”below the“one-star”grade,making it more difficult to receive a star rating.Local administrations may formulate local green building ev
254、aluation standards based on the national evaluation standard.Notably,Shanghai revised its local standard in July 2020 and its new Green Building Evaluation Standard(DG/TJ08-2090-2020)became the first local evaluation standard based on the 2019 version of the national Green Building Evaluation Standa
255、rd.China also has other evaluation standards for other building types,such as evaluation standards for green industrial buildings and green hospital buildings.There have been various national policies aspiring to make it mandatory to meet the green building standards.For example,compliance with the
256、Green Building Evaluation Standard was made compulsory for certain government-invested buildings,affordable housing in some big cities and public buildings with a gross floor area of over 20,000 square meters under the Green Building Action Plan issued by the National Development and Reform Commissi
257、on(NDRC)and MOHURD in January 2013.More recently,the Green Building Development Action Plan issued by NDRC,MOHURD and five other authorities in July 2020 requires that basic requirements of green buildings be incorporated in the mandatory construction standards and encourages the local authorities t
258、o come up with more stringent mandatory green building standards.However,these national policies do not have the force of law.There is yet to be any national EVOLVING REGULATIONS FOR GREENBUILDINGS IN CHINA Provided by:Mr.Rico Chan Partner,Baker McKenzie+852 2846 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA78(Contd)la
259、w or regulation that makes it mandatory for new or refurbished buildings to participate in green building certification or meet the green building standards.Implementation of these national policy mandates currently very much depends on local rules.Local administrations are at different stages in te
260、rms of enforcement of the green building standards.For example,in Beijing and Shanghai(except Chongming District),all new buildings are required to meet the one-star requirements except that all new large-scale public buildings(i.e.public buildings with over 20,000 square meters of floor area)are re
261、quired to meet the two-star requirements.The Chongming District of Shanghai imposes higher standards,which require that,with effect from 1 May 2019,all new public buildings must meet the two-star requirements while all new large-scale public buildings must meet the three-star requirements.Chongming
262、District also requires that at least 70%of the new residential buildings must meet the two-star requirements.According to the Shanghai Green Building Development Report released by the Shanghai Municipal Commission of Housing and Urban-rural Development in 2019,for the period from 2016 to 2019,all n
263、ew buildings in Shanghai met the green building standards,more than 70%of which achieved a two-star rating.More recently,Guangdong province promulgated the Guangdong Green Building Regulations on 27 November 2020,whereby all new buildings in the province are required to achieve at least the“basic gr
264、ade”(i.e.the lowest grade in the green building rating system).It is believed that more and more local administrations will follow suit to back up the green building standards with its local rules.It should be noted that MOHURD circulated the Administrative Measures for Green Building Labels(Draft f
265、or Consultation)on 2 November 2020.Among other things,the draft sought to clarify that:MOHURD should be responsible for evaluating a building for a“three-star”rating,while local administrations should be responsible for“two-star”or“one-star”ratings;the national Green Building Evaluation Standard sho
266、uld be applied when evaluating a building for a“three-star”rating,while local Green Building Evaluation Standard may be applied for“two-star”or“one-star”ratings.The consultation period ended on 9 November 2020.Provided by:Mr.Rico Chan Partner,Baker McKenzie+852 2846 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL
267、 CONSTRUCTION DATA279 EVOLVING REGULATIONS FOR GREENBUILDINGS IN CHINA Provided by:Mr.Rico Chan Partner,Baker McKenzie+852 2846 There is yet to be any further news on the new rule after the expiration of the consultation period.It is believed that the new rule will help streamline the evaluation pro
268、cess and pave the way for wider implementation of the green building standards.Regulatory impetus aside,Chinese developers may want to adopt the Green Building Evaluation Standard for residential and commercial projects because there are certain special government funds or other financial awards spe
269、cifically designated for environment protection purposes.Buildings and Energy EfficiencyChina has established a nationwide civil building energy performance evaluation and labelling system the Civil Building Energy Performance Evaluation and Labelling scheme through the Interim Measures for the Admi
270、nistration of Energy Performance Evaluation and Labelling of Civil Buildings 2008(Interim Measures 2008).The evaluation and labelling are conducted in two stages for a single building:the first stage is based on the theoretical prediction of the buildings energy performance and the second stage is b
271、ased on the evaluation of the buildings actual energy use after it has been put to use.There is a rating for each of the two stages.There are five grades under the scheme,with the highest being the“five-star”grade and lowest being the“one-star”grade.However,it should be noted that,although the natio
272、nwide civil building energy performance evaluation and labelling system has been established through the Interim Measures 2008,China only launched a pilot of such scheme for certain localities and in respect of certain specific types of projects(e.g.government offices or large-scale public buildings
273、 that are conducting comprehensive energy conservation improvements and have applied for government support).Nonetheless,more and more cities that are not part of the pilot program have been voluntarily participating in the scheme.Some provinces and municipalities have introduced their own implement
274、ation rules of the Civil Building Energy Performance Evaluation and Labelling scheme.GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA80 Provided by:Mr.Rico Chan Partner,Baker McKenzie+852 2846 Other than the Civil Building Energy Performance Evaluation and Labelling scheme,China has also adopted various policies addressin
275、g the reduction of energy consumption and carbon emission of buildings.The 13th Five-Year Plan published in March 2016 acknowledged the importance of various environmental issues.Following the 13th Five-Year Ecological Environment Protection Plan published in November 2016,we have seen the introduct
276、ion of new policies encouraging the use of,perfecting,and enlarging the enforcement scope of the Green Building Evaluation Standard described above,as well as policies further implementing the 2013 Green Building Action Plan.The 13th Five-Year Plan for the Development of Building Energy Efficiency a
277、nd Green Buildings published by MOHURD in February 2017 set various building energy efficiency targets for the period from 2016 to 2020,such as over 50%of the new buildings in urban areas shall be green buildings,at least 500 million square meters of existing residential buildings shall be renovated
278、 for energy saving,etc.At the 19th National Congress of the Communist Party of China held in October 2017,further emphasis has been put on the countrys agenda on environmental protection and the need to push for“green development”and“market-oriented green technologies innovation”.More recently,the 2
279、020 Green Building Development Action Plan sets targets such as 70%of the buildings newly built in urban areas in 2022 shall be green buildings and the energy efficiency of existing buildings shall continue to improve by 2022.GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA281 Government Regulato
280、ry MeasuresAs compared to some other countries,at the moment investors and developers in China may not yet be fully motivated by the environmental and social benefits of green buildings.The Chinese government currently mainly seeks to control and regulate the development of green buildings from the
281、zoning/planning and construction angles.The national policies have long been contemplating that green building requirements be incorporated in planning parameters.For example,the 2013 Green Building Action Plan urged local authorities to incorporate green building requirements in urban planning para
282、meters and make sure such requirements are passed through to apply to construction projects.Local regulations have responded to that policy mandate.For example,the Guangdong Green Building Regulations that came out on 27 November 2020 stipulates that green building development plans shall be incorpo
283、rated into local urban planning parameters,and more specifically,construction land planning conditions should clearly stipulate the green building rating required for the building to be erected on the land.Its also been quite some time since the national policies sought to promote green buildings vi
284、a regulating the construction process(covering both construction permits granting and the actual construction).For example,the 2013 Green Building Action Plan requires local authorities to strengthen the review and examination of a buildings design and construction plan to ensure that the building i
285、s in compliance with the energy conservation standards.More recently,as mentioned above,the Green Building Development Action Plan issued by NDRC,MOHURD and five other authorities in July 2020 required that basic requirements of green buildings be incorporated in the mandatory construction standards
286、.A number of major cities have published local regulations implementing such policy mandates.Provided by:Mr.Rico Chan Partner,Baker McKenzie+852 2846 EVOLVING REGULATIONS FOR GREENBUILDINGS IN CHINAGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA82For example,under the Measures for Promoting Green Buildings in Shenzhen re
287、vised in March 2020,when verifying the project planning,the departments of planning and natural resources shall verify whether the construction project meets the green building standards,and where the construction project does not meet the green building standards,the construction project planning p
288、ermit shall not be issued.In addition to the above,the PRC Environmental Protection Tax Law which came into force on 1 January 2018 imposes environmental protection taxes on building owners for carbon emission and waste disposal into the environment.Many building owners have been required to pay suc
289、h tax.With the implementation of the environmental protection taxes,it is believed that real estate developers will be more keen to develop green buildings in the future.Provided by:Mr.Rico Chan Partner,Baker McKenzie+852 2846 GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA283 PROCUREMENT STRATE
290、GIES AND FORM OF CONTRACTSGeneralA host of contract procurement approaches have emerged in the past decade.Each procurement approach has characteristics,benefits and restrictions peculiar to it.There is no single approach that fits all situations.The key to a successful procurement arrangement lies
291、in marrying the right procurement approach with the particular contract in question.This calls for a systematic identification of clients requirements and evaluation of the decision criteria relating to the procurement strategy.Common criteria for procurement selectionSpeed Fast-tracking projects ge
292、nerally favor arrangements that offer opportunities to overlap the design and construction processes e.g.design&build contracting and management contracting.Cost certainty Reliability of budgets is one of the prime concerns of most clients.Traditional lump sum bills of quantities and design&build co
293、ntracting offer the highest degree of price certainty.Complexity Projects which are technologically advanced or highly serviced generally favor the use of traditional contracting where the design will be well developed prior to the tendering stage.Procurement arrangements such as construction manage
294、ment and management contracting that allow early involvement of management contractor are also considered suitable for complex projects.Responsibility For projects using traditional contracting,the contractor is employed to build what the clients design team has documented.Therefore,any dispute as t
295、o quality of works has to be resolved into a design or workmanship issue in the very first place.By contrast,design&build contracts offer the clearest division of responsibility where the design&build contractor will be the sole point of responsibility.GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA84Common standard form
296、 of contract in Hong KongIn 2005,the Hong Kong Institute of Architects,the Hong Kong Institute of Construction Managers and the Hong Kong Institute of Surveyors jointly published a new standard form of building contract which is designed particularly for private projects where bills of quantities ar
297、e provided.In 2006,the three institutes published another standard form of building contract tailored for private projects without bills of quantities.For public works,the conditions of contracts are often based on one of the following standard forms:-The Government of the HKSAR,General Conditions o
298、f Contract for Building Works 1999 EditionThe Government of the HKSAR,General Conditions of Contract for Civil Engineering Works 1999 EditionThe Government of the HKSAR,General Conditions of Contract for Electrical and Mechanical Engineering Works 1999 EditionThe Government of the HKSAR,General Cond
299、itions of Design and Build Contracts 1999 EditionNew Engineering Contract(NEC)NEC is the abbreviation for“New Engineering Contract”which is a suite of contracts published by the Institute of Civil Engineers in the United Kingdom.The NEC has become increasingly popular in the public sector of Hong Ko
300、ng.In a Development Bureau paper for LegCo dated 25 February 2014,it was reported that“Government has been using the NEC form Currently,there are 10 public works projects with construction contracts using NEC form.We will use(Contd)GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA285 New Engineeri
301、ng Contract(NEC)(Contd)the NEC form more extensively in different works categories(including building works,civil engineering works etc.),contract types and contracts of different prices.”The NEC family covers not only construction contracts between employers and contractors but also professional se
302、rvices for employers to engage consultants and adjudicators.The Engineering&Construction Contract(ECC)of the NEC family of contracts contains standard options that cover lump sum contracts,target cost contracts,cost reimbursable contracts and management contracts.The ECC contract claims to be radica
303、lly different to traditional construction contracts in that it facilitates good management and encourages collaborative working.For instance,both the Project Manager and the Contractor are obliged to give early warnings and to hold early warning meetings to mitigate the effects of change in contract
304、 scope.Great emphasis is also given to the programme which has to be accepted by the Project Manager and to be kept updated by the Contractor.The Project Manager is to maintain a Risk Register to record risks that have arisen during the contract and the decisions of how to deal with them.Arcadis was
305、 the NEC Advisor for Fuk Man Road Nullah Improvement Works the very first NEC pilot project in Hong Kong.Our work with the project team for that pilot project reveals that it is not only the letter or the form of the NEC that brings about the advantages of flexibility and promotion of good project m
306、anagement.The success lies in a change in mindset and attitudes and the establishment of mutual trust.PROCUREMENT STRATEGIES AND FORM OF CONTRACTSGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA86Procurement Strategy TablePROJECT CRITERIARELATIVE DEGREE OF APPROPRIATENESSParameterObjectivesTraditionalManagementContracting
307、ConstructionManagementDesign andConstructTimingEarly CompletionLowHighHighHighCostPre construction price certaintyHighLowLowHighQualityDesign prestigeHighHighHighLowVariationsAvoid prohibitive cost of changeHighModerateModerateLowComplexityTechnically advance or highly complex buildingModerateHighHi
308、ghLowResponsibilitySingle contractual linkLowLowLowHighProfessional ResponsibilityNeed for design team to report to sponsorHighHighHighLowRisk AvoidanceDesire to transfer complete riskLowLowLowHighDamage RecoveryFacility to recover costs direct from contractorModerateLowLowHighBuildabilityContractor
309、 input to economic constructionLowHighHighHighGENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA GENERAL CONSTRUCTION DATA287 0%20%40%60%80%100%0%20%40%60%80%100%Project PeriodProgress PaymentsCONSTRUCTION WORKDONE FORECASTThe following graph and table are an indication of the rate of expenditure for construction projects.T
310、he rate of expenditure is an average rate and will vary from project to project when specific project circumstances are taken into account.Construction Workdone ForecastCONTRACTPERIODCUMULATIVE WORKDONECONTRACTPERIODCUMULATIVE WORKDONE 5%1%55%41%10%2%60%50%15%3%65%60%20%4%70%69%25%6%75%77%30%8%80%84
311、%35%12%85%89%40%17%90%93%45%24%95%97%50%32%100%100%Contract Period3PROPERTYProperty CommentaryProperty IndicatorsGross Floor Area(GFA)Calculations in Hong Kong Gross Floor Area(GFA)Calculations in PRCConstruction Floor Area(CFA)Definition PROPERTY88PROPERTY PROPERTY389 PROPERTY COMMENTARY 2020Econom
312、yThe Hong Kong economy has seen its worst performance since the Global Financial Crisis amid the outbreak of COVID-19 in January 2020.After a hard fall in GDP real growth at-9.1%and-9.0%in the first two quarters of the year respectively,GDP contracted 3.5%YoY in Q3.Unemployment rate has risen to 16-
313、year high level at 6.4%as of October 2020.Private consumption went down by 8.2%in Q3 compared with a year ago,despite the improvement from-14.2%in Q2.Although export and import of goods recorded growth of 3.9%and 1.8%YoY in Q3,export and import of services tumbled 34.6%and 36.8%YoY respectively,due
314、to travelling restrictions and the absence of inbound tourists.With the local social unrest and political situation seeing some clarity after the legislation of National Security Law in Hong Kong,the stock market has been showing some stability,with the Hang Seng Index going up by 5.1%as of early De
315、cember compared with early July.The prospects of initial public offerings(IPO)has improved since Q3 with deal arrangers reportedly rushing to launch share sales before the year end.There have been fewer but more sizable deals this year,with most of them being Chinese Mainland issuers.Provided by:PRO
316、PERTY90(Contd)The outbreak of COVID-19 has led to a catastrophe for the retail sector.Total retail sales fell 27%YoY in the first 10 months of 2020.The total number of visitor arrivals to Hong Kong plunged 92.9%YoY during the same period from 50.08 million to 3.56 million.Average hotel occupancy was
317、 55%as of October-end compared to 68%same time last year.It has improved slightly from early 2020 as a result of the emergence of local staycation trend.Looking ahead,the local economic performance will largely depend on the epidemic situation,as the mounting up infections and associated anti-pandem
318、ic measures would continue to discourage economic activities and dampen business sentiment.With the government forecasting a GDP contraction of 6.1%over the year,we expect economic recovery would remain a challenge in the short term.Provided by:PROPERTY PROPERTY391 PROPERTY COMMENTARY 2020Residentia
319、lAlthough the pandemic and economic recession put pressure on the local residential market,the overall purchase sentiment remained positive in 2020,supported by the low interest rates and incentives offered by developers,such as discounted mortgage plans.According to the official statistics,for the
320、first 10 months of the year,the overall residential price stayed flat which edged up 0.4%.During the same period,a total of 47,743 transactions were recorded,merely down 6.1%YoY.The primary market has outperformed the market with some new projects achieving good sales results.This reflects that purc
321、hase momentum persisted given that some homebuyers leveraged the volatile market to get on the property ladder or upgrade their properties.Looking ahead,with economic uncertainties still lingering,large-scale layoffs and pay cuts are expected to gradually emerge.This will weigh on both the mass and
322、luxury residential markets in the short term.We expect the number of repossessed units to pick up,as more owners are unable to repay their mortgages.Mass housing prices are expected to fall by 5%in 2021,while luxury housing prices would have a 0-5%drop.We also expect the ratio of transaction volume
323、of first-hand to second-hand homes to be around 30:70 in 2021,and total residential transaction volume to be around 56,000-58,000 units.Provided by:PROPERTY92OfficeLeasing demand of office market remained subdued in 2020 against the backdrop of global economic recession and COVID-19 pandemic.Rents c
324、ontinued the downward trend:the average rent of Hong Kong Island and Kowloon for the first 11 months of 2020 dropped 16.5%YoY and 12.8%YoY respectively,according to Knight Frank Research.Nonetheless,a significant rental decline has provided golden opportunities for tenants especially those in the pr
325、ofessional services sector to upgrade their offices to more premium buildings with attractive packages.While market conditions have become more uncertain,cost-competitiveness remained a pressing consideration for tenants.Landlords have softened their approach and adopted a more realistic stance in n
326、egotiating leasing terms with tenants.They also offered more flexible incentives such as rent-free period to secure long-standing tenants,which are not common before COVID-19.Affected by the coronavirus-induced recession,companies continued to actively seek for cost-saving and flexible leasing optio
327、ns and became more cautious in their real estate plans.Entering 2021,we therefore expect the decentralisation trend to continue.We also foresee rising demand for co-working space,as more companies,especially small and medium-sized enterprises are requesting for flexible leasing options amid the unce
328、rtain environment.The vacancy rate is expected to edge up further and demand for sizable office space to remain weak in the near term.Provided by:PROPERTY PROPERTY393 PROPERTY COMMENTARY 2020RetailHong Kongs retail market was sluggish in 2020,given poor consumer sentiment and the absence of inbound
329、tourism.According to government figures,total retail sales value dropped by 27%YoY in January to October to HK$266.4 billion.The food and beverage(F&B)sector also faltered.For the first 9 months of 2020,the value of restaurant receipts plunged by 31%YoY to HK$59.8 billion.Traditional prime shopping
330、streets such as Queens Road Central and Russell Street have seen the most significant reshuffling of tenant mix in recent history,with more mid-priced brands entering the streets,and luxury brands exiting.Supermarkets and shops selling necessities that previously could afford rents only in neighbour
331、hood or community malls are now showing their presence in prime street locations,given the significant downward rental corrections.Transactions for retail property dropped significantly in 2020.The number of retail property transactions in the first ten months of 2020 dropped by 9.5%YoY while the to
332、tal consideration in the same period plunged by 58.7%YoY.The economic recession,heightened job insecurity,and rising unemployment have all but sealed the fate of the retail sector.Even if the border opens again in 2021,inbound tourism is unlikely to return to its heyday in the short term.We expect t
333、he F&B sector to continue to face tremendous challenges under the prevailing social-distancing measures,and restaurant receipts to continue Provided by:PROPERTY94their downtrend.With declining rental affordability across the board and no silver lining in sight,we expect retail rents to drop further in 2021.IndustrialOver the first 10 months of 2020,the rent of flatted factory recorded a slight inc
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