1、Ericsson Mobility ReportNovember Mobility Report|November 2022Forecasts2IntroductionLetter from the publisherThe scientific evidence is clear:Climate change is proceeding at an alarming rate.Global warming needs to be limited to 1.5 C above pre-industrial levels.To achieve this,there is a need to ha
2、lve global greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions by 2030 and reach Net Zero GHG emissions by 2050 at the latest.To contribute to this goal,a rapidly growing number of communications service providers and equipment vendors are committing to achieving Net Zero carbon emissions across their value chain by 2050
3、or earlier.The telecommunications sector has a key role to play in addressing global sustainability goals,by reducing its own emissions and enabling the digitalization of a range of services and industries.According to Ericsson research,the usage of ICT solutions in other sectors has the potential t
4、o reduce emissions by 15 percent by 2030.Reducing environmental impactContentsExecutive Editor:Peter JonssonProject Manager:Anette Lundvall Forecasts:Richard MllerWriter Editors:Stephen Carson,Steven Davies Collaborators:Sabri Ali Yehya(e&)Mohamed AlMarzooqi(e&)Salem Al Mannaei(e&)Jarmo Vinkvist(Eri
5、llisverkot Group)Ari Toivonen(Erillisverkot Group)Contributors:Nils Andersson,Greger Blennerud,Fredrik Burstedt,Mohamed ElGharably,Anders Erlandsson,Patrik Hedlund,Per Lindberg,Sepideh Matinfar,Ravi Shekhar Pandey,Ove Persson,Sameh Shoukry,Nicklas Spngberg,Erika TejedorOne approach that reduces envi
6、ronmental impact,facilitating enterprises journeys to Net Zero,is dematerialization.ICT solutions have the potential to lessen the need for material usage by substituting physical products with digital products and services,within both the ICT and other sectors.In this edition,we share some enterpri
7、se decision-makers views on how ICT solutions and connectivity are enablers that facilitate their journey toward Net Zero.Augmented reality presents yet another significant opportunity for dematerialization,as use cases for both consumers and enterprises include substituting physical with virtual pr
8、ocesses.5G services have now been launched by 228 service providers,and over 700 5G smartphone models have been announced or launched commercially.We expect to approach 1 billion 5G users worldwide by the end of this year.Moreover,global mobile network data traffic is practically doubling every two
9、years.To reduce the environmental impact,the growing data traffic needs to be managed with smart network modernization,combined with a balanced approach to network performance and use of energy-saving functionality to break the trend of increasing energy usage in mobile networks.As described in this
10、 edition,service providers are taking actions to deploy the latest generation of energy-efficient radio hardware and software,increase the use of renewable energy sources and operate site infrastructure intelligently,for example by implementing predictive-maintenance methods on site.We hope you find
11、 the report engaging and useful.Fredrik Jejdling Executive Vice President and Head of Business Area NetworksForecastsArticles04 5G mobile subscriptions to reach 5 billion in 202806 Region-specific factors impact subscription adoption patterns08 5G in South East Asia and Oceania:A closer look11 Broad
12、band IoT(4G/5G)connections to dominate by end of 202812 Over 300 million FWA connections by 202814 Mobile service packaging trends16 Mid-band essential for an optimal 5G service offering18 2023 will bring more 5G smart devices with more capabilities19 Augmented reality over 5G22 5G to drive all mobi
13、le data growth24 Mobile network traffic doubled in last two years25 Video content rules27 Network modernization on the quest for Net Zero30 Cooperation and collaboration:Building Finlands next-generation public safety network33 Digitalization enables enterprises to reach Net Zero36 Methodology37 Glo
14、ssary38 Global and regional key figuresEricsson Mobility Report|November 20223Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022Forecasts3Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022ForecastsForecastsBy the end of 2022,5G subscriptions are expected to reach 1 billion,and more smart 5G devices with additional capabili
15、ties are expected in the market during 2023.Our outlook for 2028 is that 5G subscriptions will pass 5 billion and Fixed Wireless Access(FWA)connections will reach 300 million,where 5G will account for almost 80 percent of FWA connections.Taking a global view,5G is live in all regions,but how service
16、 providers are choosing to roll out varies,depending on many local factors.5G mid-band population coverage for example,which is essential for an optimal 5G service offering and user experience,is deployed at different paces in different markets.It has reached 25 percent population coverage globally,
17、but front-runner markets like the US have already reached 80 percent.5G mobile subscriptions are forecast to reach 5 billion in 2028.5bnAverage data consumption per smartphone is expected to exceed 19 GB per month in 2023.19GBVideo is expected to account for 80 percent of global mobile network traff
18、ic in 2028.80%FWA is growing strong,with 300 million connections projected in 2028.300m4Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022Forecasts5G mobile subscriptions to reach 5 billion in 2028By the end of 2022,5G subscriptions are expected to reach 1 billion.Despite a weaker economy and geopolitical uncer
19、tainties,service providers continue to deploy 5G,with 228 having already launched commercial 5G services globally.Deployment of 5G standalone(SA)networks also continues,with around 35 service providers having deployed or launched 5G SA in public networks.1 The most common 5G services launched by ser
20、vice providers for consumers are enhanced mobile broadband(eMBB),Fixed Wireless Access(FWA),gaming and some AR/VR-based services.Strong 5G subscription growth5G subscriptions2 grew by 110 million during the third quarter to around 870 million,and that number is expected to reach 1 billion devices fr
21、om several vendors,with prices falling faster than for 4G,and Chinas large,early 5G deployments.5G will become the dominant mobile access technology by subscriptions in 2027.Subscriptions for 4G continue to increase,growing by 41 million during Q3 2022 to around 5 billion.4G subscriptions are projec
22、ted to peak at 5.2 billion by the end of 2022,then decline to around 3.6 billion by the end of 2028 as subscribers migrate to 5G.During the quarter,3G subscriptions declined by 41 million,while GSM/EDGE-only subscriptions dropped by 44 million and other technologies3 decreased by about 6 million.Dur
23、ing the quarter,China had the most net additions(+15 million),followed by Nigeria(+5 million)and Indonesia(+4 million).by the end of 2022.North America and North East Asia are expected to have the highest 5G subscription penetration by the end of 2022 at around 35 percent,followed by the Gulf Cooper
24、ation Council countries at 20 percent and Western Europe at 11 percent.In 2028,it is projected that North America will have the highest 5G penetration at 91 percent,followed by Western Europe at 88 percent.By the end of 2028,5 billion 5G subscriptions are forecast globally,accounting for 55 percent
25、of all mobile subscriptions.5G subscription uptake is faster than that of 4G following its launch in 2009,with 5G expected to reach 1 billion subscriptions 2 years sooner than 4G.Key factors include the timely availability of Figure 1:Mobile subscriptions by technology(billion)1 GSA(November 2022).2
26、 A 5G subscription is counted as such when associated with a device that supports New Radio(NR),as specified in 3GPP Release 15,and is connected to a 5G-enabled network.3 Mainly CDMA2000 EVDO,TD-SCDMA and Mobile WiMAX.5G subscriptions are forecast to reach 5 billion in 2028.5bn1073962845120172020202
27、320262018202120242027201920222025202805GLTE(4G)WCDMA/HSPA(3G)GSM/EDGE-only(2G)TD-SCDMA(3G)CDMA-only(2G/3G)8.4billion9.2billion5Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022ForecastsMobile broadband dominates mobile subscriptionsAround 8.4 billion mobile subscriptions are estimated by the end of 2022,and th
28、is figure is projected to increase to around 9.2 billion by the end of 2028.During this time,the share of mobile broadband subscriptions will increase from 85 to 93 percent,while the number of unique mobile subscribers is projected to grow from 6.1 to 6.8 billion.Subscriptions associated with smartp
29、hones continue to rise.At the end of 2022,6.6 billion smartphone subscriptions are estimated,accounting for about 79 percent of all mobile phone subscriptions.This is forecast to reach 7.8 billion in 2028,accounting for around 84 percent of all mobile subscriptions.The FWA connection forecast has be
30、en increased in anticipation of strong growth of 19 percent annually through 2028,reflecting accelerated FWA plans in India.Subscriptions for mobile PCs,tablets and routers are expected to show moderate growth,reaching around 680 million in 2028.Subscriptions for fixed broadband are expected to grow
31、 by around 4 percent annually through to 2028.4 Figure 3:Subscriptions and subscribers(billion)Figure 2:Comparison of 5G and 4G subscription uptake in the first years of deployment(billion)4 The number of fixed broadband users is at least three times the number of fixed broadband connections due to
32、shared subscriptions in households,enterprises and public access spots.It is the opposite for mobile phones,where subscription numbers exceed user numbers.5.04.51093.571.534.083.061.022.042.550.5100Mobile subscriptionsMobile broadband subscriptionsSmartphone subscriptionsMobile subscribersFixed broa
33、dband subscriptionsMobile PC and tablet subscriptions5G(20182028)4G(20092019)5G subscription uptake is faster than for 4G.02017202120252019202320272018202220262020202420284Years since first deployment26153789106Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022ForecastsRegion-specific factors impact subscriptio
34、n adoption patternsUptake is strong in North America and North East Asia,with both of these regions set to reach 5G subscription penetration of around 35 percent by the end of 2022.Sub-Saharan AfricaDespite economic challenges,the Sub-Saharan Africa regions economy is projected to be one of the fast
35、est growing regions globally,sustaining growth in the telecom industry.2 With the COVID-19 pandemic becoming a lesser concern,network investments are shifting focus from reliable connectivity for social and economic sustenance,to increasing coverage and capacity,especially for mobile broadband conne
36、ctions.2G connections are still accounting for about half of the total subscriptions but these are projected to decline as service providers migrate subscribers from legacy to 4G and 5G networks.4G will be the main contributor to new connections up to 2028,accounting for more than half of all mobile
37、 subscriptions at that time.Additionally,availability of a wide range of 5G devices at attractive price points will drive uptake of 5G subscriptions.By the end of 2028,there will be around 270 million 5G subscriptions forecast in the region,accounting for 31 percent of total mobile subscriptions.Mob
38、ile financial services continue to gain momentum as mobile connectivity rises,with service providers extending their propositions from basic transfers and merchant payments to remittances,insurance and other more sophisticated services.An additional driver for growth has been a decisive shift to dig
39、ital payments in many markets as a result of the COVID-19 pandemic.Despite its early stage,the 5G journey has begun in Sub-Saharan Africa in the more mature markets such as South Africa,Nigeria and Kenya.5G subscriptions are projected to constitute around 14 percent of all mobile subscriptions by th
40、e end of 2028.Middle East and North AfricaService providers investment in 4G is expected to result in over 60 percent of subscriptions in the region being 4G in 2028.Similarly to Sub-Saharan Africa,service providers are migrating their subscribers from legacy networks,and the growth in 4G and 5G wil
41、l continue at pace.5G is forecast to be the strongest-growing segment as service providers explore various service offerings requiring high bandwidth and low latency.1 All Middle East and North Africa figures include GCC countries.2 International Monetary Fund,World Economic Outlook Report,”Counteri
42、ng the cost of living crisis”(October 2022).Figure 4:Mobile subscriptions by region and technology(percent)Sub-Saharan AfricaMiddle East and North Africa1Central andEastern EuropeNorth East AsiaGulf Cooperation CouncilWestern EuropeNorth America202220285GLTE(4G)WCDMA/HSPA(3G)GSM/EDGE-only(2G)TD-SCDM
43、A(3G)CDMA-only(2G/3G)20222028202220282022202820222028202220282022202820222028202220282022202829%14%56%25%31%75%34%62%74%20%11%72%86%88%35%91%9%61%12%82%9%24%43%56%21%55%63%21%South East Asia and Oceania55%48%46%32%India,Nepal and Bhutan72%53%44%22%Latin America72%17%37%50%7Ericsson Mobility Report|N
44、ovember 2022ForecastsGulf Cooperation Council(GCC)With overall subscription growth expected to be flat over the next six years,GCC markets are among the global leaders in 5G network deployments and service offerings.The increased vigorous competition combined with the right regulatory environment ha
45、ve contributed to the fast acceleration of the 5G market.4G currently accounts for the majority of subscriptions,at 72 percent,with 5G at 20 percent of the total.5G subscriptions are projected to grow steadily at an average annual rate of 30 percent,from 15 to 71 million up to the end of 2028,accoun
46、ting for 86 percent of total connections at that time.In addition to current 5G offerings focusing on the consumer market,service providers are increasingly building on B2B opportunities,as major digital transformation projects take place across various sectors.This is emerging as the next frontier
47、of growth for service providers.Several service providers in the region are embracing investments in energy-efficient networks.Central and Eastern EuropeTechnology adoption and subscription uptake are typically slower in this region than in Western Europe.This is due in part to slower spectrum alloc
48、ation processes,as well as consumers being reluctant to upgrade to more expensive subscriptions.4G is the dominant technology,expected to account for 75 percent of all subscriptions at the end of 2022.Mobile subscription growth has flattened and is expected to be virtually zero in the coming years.H
49、owever,the migration from 2G/3G to 4G continues to look strong up to 2024.From 2025,5G is expected to be the only growing subscription type.During the forecast period,there will continue to be a significant decline in 3G subscriptions,from 21 percent of mobile subscriptions to just 1 percent.South E
50、ast Asia and OceaniaBy the end of 2028,it is expected that most major service providers across the region will have launched commercial 5G services.Many service providers are shutting down or have plans to shut down 2G and 3G services,in order to re-farm spectrum for 4G and 5G networks.5G subscripti
51、ons are anticipated to reach around 620 million by the end of the forecast period,meaning 5G will become the leading technology in terms of subscriptions,with a penetration of 48 percent.Innovations in 5G technology and go-to-market models continue to be seen in the region.In Singapore,where 5G stan
52、dalone(SA)services are already being provided in the 3.5 GHz spectrum,a variety of mobile offerings designed to drive subscribers appetite for 5G have been put in place,including bundles with video streaming and cloud gaming services.Singapore is the first country in the world to reach 95 percent 5G
53、 SA coverage.Australia has also seen several service providers launch 5G SA networks.Malaysia continues its accelerated 5G rollout.The government-established Digital Nasional Berhad(DNB)is a single wholesale network provider leasing 5G access to service providers.DNB aims to build-out 80 percent of
54、5G population coverage by 2024.Latin America4G is currently the dominant radio access technology in the region,accounting for 72 percent of all subscriptions at the end of 2022.4G subscription growth is strong,with more than 56 million added during 2022.However,3G subscriptions are declining as user
55、s migrate to 4G and 5G.Many service providers will sunset 3G networks in the next two years to enable the reuse of radio spectrum for 4G deployments.Commercial 5G has been launched in more than 10 countries.Service providers are accelerating 5G deployments in mid-band(3.5 GHz)and low-band to stimula
56、te 5G subscription uptake.Around 19 million 5G subscriptions are expected at the end of 2022,and more substantial uptake is expected from 2023 onwards.By the end of 2028,5G will account for 50 percent of all mobile subscriptions.India,Nepal and BhutanIn early October,service providers in India annou
57、nced the launch of commercial 5G services.Initially,enhanced mobile broadband(eMBB)will be the main use case in India.Meanwhile 4G continues to be the dominant subscription type driving connectivity growth.4G subscriptions are expected to peak in India in 2024 at around 930 million,and from there wi
58、ll decline to an estimated 570 million by the year 2028.Aggressive 5G deployments by service providers,coupled with growing affordability and availability of 5G smartphones,should see 5G subscriptions in the India region reach around 31 million by the end of 2022 and 690 million by the end of 2028.5
59、G will represent around 53 percent of mobile subscriptions in the region at the end of 2028.Total mobile subscriptions in India are estimated to grow to 1.3 billion in 2028.North East AsiaService providers continue to invest strongly in 5G to improve coverage and capacity,with a focus on indoor cove
60、rage.In 2022,strong 5G subscription growth has continued,adding around 320 million subscriptions.5G is the only growing subscription type and is expected to reach 1 billion in the region at the end of 2023.The rapid growth of 5G subscriptions,supported by the availability of more 5G device models,ha
61、s positively impacted service providers financial performance.Major service providers in leading 5G markets,such as mainland China,Taiwan and South Korea,have reported a positive impact of 5G subscribers on service revenues and ARPU.Western Europe4G is widely deployed and is expected to have the hig
62、hest penetration of all regions at 82 percent by the end of 2022.5G subscription growth has been strong during the year,rising from 32 million in 2021 to 63 million by the end of 2022.4G is expected to decline in favor of substantially increased 5G subscription uptake from 2023 onwards.5G subscripti
63、ons are expected to reach almost 150 million at the end of 2023,and penetration will reach 88 percent by the end of 2028.Many service providers will be sunsetting 3G networks in the next few years to enable the reuse of radio spectrum for 4G and 5G.North America5G is in the second wave of build-outs
64、 and user adoption.The addition of mid-band spectrums now enables superior multi-band 5G experiences for many users.In 2022,5G adoption continued to grow strongly,with more than 140 million subscriptions expected by the year-end.High-speed internet access to homes and small businesses with Fixed Wir
65、eless Access has become the primary technology fueling fixed broadband growth in North America.5G is also growing in the enterprise segment with wireless WAN to branch office locations and to serve ultra-mobile professions.By 2028,around 420 million 5G subscriptions are expected,accounting for over
66、90 percent of mobile subscriptions.8Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022Forecasts5G in South East Asia and Oceania:A closer lookAlthough each country in the region is at a different stage of their 5G journey,5G is growing strongly,with the regional number of 5G subscriptions expected to reach clos
67、e to 30 million in 2022.The South East Asia regionThe South East Asia region synonymous with the 10-country regional economic bloc,Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN)is one of the most vibrant economic regions.It has witnessed an accelerated pace of digitalization since the outbreak of the
68、 COVID-19 pandemic.Indonesia,the Philippines,Vietnam,Thailand,Malaysia and Singapore have been the main drivers of digital adoption in the region.Growing 4G mobile broadband uptake has been a key factor in digital acceleration.Including Oceania,service providers are expected to add almost 90 million
69、 4G subscriptions in 2022,with this strong growth to continue in 2023.Rising consumer adoption of digital technologies and services is also driving technology-led industry transformation,and not just for large enterprises;small and medium enterprises have also been adopting digital technologies to a
70、lign themselves with the shift in consumer behavior.A key factor in this accelerated digital adoption has been the digitalization action plans and frameworks launched by governments in the region.ASEAN has also taken multiple initiatives1 to facilitate digitalization in its member countries.It has i
71、dentified accelerating inclusive digital transformation as one of five broad strategies to boost the economy and improve society in the post-COVID-19 world.Recently,ASEAN articulated its strategy on how it intends to transform the regions economy and society through the fourth industrial revolution,
72、or Industry 4.0.The strategy emphasizes the role of 5G as the key enabler of the digital infrastructure needed for Industry 4.0.2While service providers in countries like Australia,Thailand and Singapore have achieved significant population coverage and network performance,those in the Philippines a
73、nd Indonesia are at an early stage of 5G evolution.5G is changing the connectivity landscape in AustraliaWith the launch of 5G enhanced mobile broadband(eMBB)and FWA,the connectivity landscape in Australia has changed in the past three years,with consumers seeking to upgrade to higher speeds to supp
74、ort their needs in areas such as entertainment and remote work.5G now covers 80 percent of the Australian population.3 Australian service providers have been at the forefront of launching 5G FWA to serve both residential households and enterprises.Australia has also witnessed the launch of 5G-enable
75、d enhanced wireless solutions for enterprises,providing business-grade fixed wireless connectivity with added service-level agreements and managed services to connect to dedicated enhanced infrastructure.Even though a large share of the population is yet to switch to 5G,as the first country to launc
76、h 5G in the southern hemisphere,Australia is still ahead of many other markets in 5G adoption,with an estimated 5G mobile subscriber penetration of 30 percent by the end of 2022.Australian service providers have deployed some of the worlds most advanced 5G networks and achieved several world-first i
77、nnovations.These innovations are focused on new product and solution development to maximize the use of available spectrum resources,helping service providers expand their 5G coverage and cost-effectively increase capacity and speed.The Oceania regionIn Australia,COVID-19 accelerated the consumer sh
78、ift toward digital technologies.Australians have embraced digital health,payments and ecommerce in a significant way over the past two years.The same is true of neighboring New Zealand,which has also witnessed accelerated consumer adoption of digital services in the past two years.Enterprises in Aus
79、tralian sectors like health,education,mining and finance have been making significant investments in digital transformation.For instance,mining and metals companies have been investing in operational automation to improve productivity and safety.Australian mining companies that have also been pionee
80、rs in deploying private LTE networks in mines,are now keen to deploy private 5G networks.Similarly,post-COVID-19,Australian financial service companies have scaled up investments in online platforms and apps.The Australian Government considers 5G to be a key enabler for digitalizing the economy,and
81、a driver of productivity growth.A focus on early and timely availability of spectrum has been key to the fast rollout of 5G networks,positioning Australia as a global leader in the deployment of 5G.5G in South East Asia and OceaniaThe region represents diversity when it comes to 5G evolution.Seven c
82、ountries in the region Australia,Indonesia,Malaysia,New Zealand,the Philippines,Singapore and Thailand have commercially launched 5G.Service providers in Vietnam,the only prominent ASEAN nation yet to commercially launch 5G,have been conducting 5G commercial trials since 2019.1 ASEAN,The Bandar Seri
83、 Begawan Roadmap.2 ASEAN,Consolidated Strategy on the Fourth Industrial Revolution for ASEAN(2021).3 .au/5g9Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022Forecasts4 AIS,Advanced Info Service PLC.2Q22 Financial Results(8 August 2022).Examples of innovation include:use of carrier aggregation to stack 8 contig
84、uous carriers of 100 MHz to deliver record peak download rates world record 5G standalone(SA)extended cell range(longest distance 5G data call)at 113 km the worlds first deployment of multiple radio access technologies (4G,5G,Cat-M,and NB-IoT)on one radio using spectrum sharing the first NB-IoT and
85、spectrum sharing between 5G and 4G on the 700 MHz spectrum layer Indonesia:An early stage of development5G has been available in key Indonesian cities since 2021.The leading Indonesian service providers launched commercial 5G services using their existing spectrum holdings such as 1,800 MHz,2,100 MH
86、z and 2,300 MHz.However,the 5G network rollout has been slow due to a lack of adequate mid-band spectrum.New 5G spectrum bands(700 MHz,2.6 GHz,3.5 GHz and 26 GHz)will likely be made available to service providers from 2023.Malaysia:Accelerating nationwide 5GMalaysia is rolling out 5G via a single wh
87、olesale network with the aim to fast-track 5G deployment and accelerate the benefits of 5G for the country.Digital Nasional Berhad(DNB)is the special-purpose vehicle tasked with rolling out the nationwide 5G network,and aims to cover 40 percent of Malaysias population with 5G by the end of 2022 5G c
88、overage across the country and 5G now covers more than 80 percent of the Thai population.5 Around 7.3 million subscribers of the 2 leading service providers were using 5G at the end of Q2,2022.Both service providers have attributed recent revenue growth and subscriber net additions to 5G.Vietnam:Com
89、mercial trials ongoing5G services have not yet been officially launched in Vietnam,although most service providers have carried out commercial trials across several bands.Three service providers have tested 5G services in main provinces and cities across the country.New 5G spectrum bands are expecte
90、d to be available to service providers in 2023 and 2024.and 80 percent by 2024.Five Malaysian service providers have commenced offering 5G services.New Zealand:Focus on eMBB and FWANew Zealand was one of the first countries in the region to commercially launch 5G in December 2019.Since then,all thre
91、e service providers in New Zealand have launched 5G.These service providers have also launched 5G FWA targeting both residential and business users.New Zealand service providers are targeting 90 percent population coverage by 2023.The Philippines:Making inroads with FWAThe Philippines was the first
92、country in the region to launch 5G FWA in 2019.Mobile 5G was commercially launched in 2020.The countrys 2 leading service providers have launched 5G in the 3.5 GHz band.A third service provider has launched a 5G FWA home broadband service.Singapore:Nationwide 5G SA networkSingapore recently covered
93、95 percent4 of the country with 5G SA.All three service providers in Singapore have launched 5G SA networks.Singapore service providers are focusing on developing innovative services for enterprises with proactive support from the government and the regulator.Thailand:Rapid network roll-outThailand
94、was one of the first countries in South East Asia to launch 5G.Thai service providers have been quick to roll out Figure 5:South East Asia and Oceania region mobile subscriptions by technology(million)5GLTE(4G)WCDMA/HSPA(3G)GSM/EDGE-only(2G)20004006008001,0001,2001,4002020202120222023202420252026202
95、82027Singapore has reached 95 percent 5G SA population coverage.95%The number of 5G subscriptions in the region is projected to reach almost 30 million in 2022.30m10Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022Forecasts6 Ericsson,5G for business:a 2030 market compass(October 2019).Figure 6:South East Asia
96、and Oceania region mobile data traffic(EB per month)5G2G/3G/4G2020100203040605020212022202320242025202620282027Australia is leading in the region from a 5G perspective,with 30 percent 5G subscriber penetration in 2022.30%Total mobile data traffic in the region is forecast to grow by a factor of 5 by
97、 2028.5x5G outlook5G subscriptions in South East Asia and Oceania are expected to reach almost 30 million by the end of 2022.As service providers speed up 5G network coverage deployment over the next few years,5G mobile subscriptions are expected to grow at a CAGR of 67 percent over the forecast per
98、iod.The region is forecast to have around 620 million 5G subscriptions by the end of 2028,overtaking 4G.The expansion of 5G coverage and the launch of new offerings and use cases are expected to drive incremental revenue growth for service providers in the region.Mobile service providers in South Ea
99、st Asia and Oceania have the potential to generate around USD 40 billion in additional revenue from offering 5G services to enterprises by 2030.6 Much of this growth is expected to come from the adoption of 5G in industries like manufacturing,energy and utilities,financial services,healthcare,and me
100、dia and entertainment.On the consumer front,5G is already driving changes in usage behavior.5G users in countries like Australia,Thailand and Singapore engage with immersive digital services such as cloud gaming,360-degree videos,AR apps,and virtual events and concerts more frequently than 4G users.
101、5G adoption and growing consumer usage of new immersive services are key factors for growing mobile data usage in the region;mobile traffic per smartphone is expected to reach around 54 GB per month in 2028,a CAGR of almost 30 percent.Total mobile data traffic is expected to grow by a factor of 5 be
102、tween 2022 and 2028.11Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022ForecastsBroadband IoT(4G/5G)connections to dominate by end of 2028LTE Cat-1 devices are increasingly being used for a variety of use cases.In 2021,broadband IoT(4G/5G)reached 1 billion connections,overtaking 2G and 3G as the technology tha
103、t connects the largest share of all cellular IoT devices.This segment mainly includes wide-area use cases that require higher throughput,lower latency and larger data volumes than can be supported by Massive IoT devices.LTE Cat-1 devices,which support 10 Mbps downlink and 5 Mbps uplink speeds are in
104、creasingly being used for a variety of use cases.Hence,our forecast for the broadband IoT segment has been adjusted upwards.By the end of 2028,almost 60 percent of cellular IoT connections are forecast to be broadband IoT,with 4G connecting the majority.As 5G New Radio(NR)is being introduced in old
105、and new spectrum,throughput data rates will increase substantially for this segment.North East Asia is the leading region in terms of the number of cellular IoT connections,expected to pass 2 billion connections in 2023.The Massive IoT technologies NB-IoT and Cat-M supporting wide-area use cases inv
106、olving large numbers of low-complexity,low-cost devices with long battery life and low-to-medium throughput continue to be rolled out around the world.Globally,124 service providers have deployed or commercially launched NB-IoT networks and 57 have launched Cat-M,while 56 have deployed both technolo
107、gies.1 The number of devices connected by these technologies grew strongly in 2021 and is expected to reach almost 500 million by the end of 2022.The growth of Massive IoT technologies is enhanced by added capabilities in the networks,enabling Massive IoT co-existence with 4G and 5G in FDD bands,via
108、 spectrum sharing.IoT devices connected via 2G and 3G have been in slow decline since 2019,and have a negative annual growth rate of around 15 percent up to 2028,as the rate of switch-off for both technologies,especially 3G,continues to increase in the coming years.1 Source:GSA September 2022.2 Thes
109、e figures are also included in the figures for wide-area IoT.Figure 7:IoT connections(billion)IoT20222028CAGRWide-area IoT2.96.013%Cellular IoT22.75.512%Short-range IoT10.328.719%Total13.234.718%Figure 8:Cellular IoT connections by segment and technology(billion)2016103245620202017201820192021202220
110、2320242025202620272028Broadband IoT and Critical IoT(4G/5G)Massive IoT(NB-IoT/Cat-M)Legacy(2G/3G)12Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022ForecastsOver 300 million FWA connections by 2028More than three-quarters of service providers surveyed in over 100 countries are now offering Fixed Wireless Acces
111、s(FWA)services.Nearly one-third of service providers are now offering it over 5G,compared to one-fifth a year ago.Almost one-third of service providers now offering 5G FWAAn updated Ericsson study1 of retail packages offered by service providers shows that,out of 310 service providers studied worldw
112、ide,238(or 77 percent)had an FWA offering.During the last 12 months,the number of service providers offering 5G FWA services has increased from 57(19 percent)to 88(29 percent).In addition,following the 5G spectrum auction in India in July,a major service provider has expressed a goal to serve 100 mi
113、llion homes and millions of businesses with 5G FWA services.5G FWA arrives in emerging markets in 2022Almost 40 percent of the new 5G FWA launches in the past 12 months have been in emerging markets.5G FWA has arrived in populous countries such as Mexico,South Africa,Nigeria and the Philippines.Figu
114、re 9:Global number of service providers offering FWA 17419021350Feb 20Oct 20Apr 21Oct 21Apr 22Nov 22010015020025023722521%14%79%86%23825%75%FWA best effortFWA speed-based(QoS)Figure 10:Regional percentage of service providers offering FWA 0102030405060708090100Apr 22 FWA best effortNov 22 FWA best e
115、ffort Nov 22 FWA speed-based(QoS)Apr 22 FWA speed-based(QoS)96%94%Western Europe58%56%Asia-Pacific1 Adjusted for revised service provider base.82%84%Middle East and Africa51%51%Latin America100%100%North America83%82%Central and Eastern Europe13Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022ForecastsSpeed-ba
116、sed tariff plans doubled in the past 12 monthsMost FWA offerings(75 percent)are still best effort,with volume-based tariff plans(that is,buckets of GB per month).About 25 percent of service providers offer speed-based tariff plans(also referred to as quality of service,or QoS),which is twice as many
117、 compared to a year ago.Speed-based tariff plans are commonly offered for fixed broadband services such as those delivered over fiber or cable.These types of plans are well understood by consumers,enabling the service providers to fully monetize FWA as a broadband alternative.Around 35 percent of th
118、ese speed-based offerings are basic,with average/typical speeds being advertised.Almost 65 percent are more advanced offerings,involving speed tiers,such as 100 Mbps,300 Mbps and 500 Mbps.Service providers with 5G FWA are more likely to have QoS FWA with speed-based offerings,with 42 out of 88 utili
119、zing this approach(48 percent).Speed-based offerings are growing across all regions,but there are large variations.In North America,90 percent of offerings are speed based,while the Asia-Pacific and Middle East and Africa regions have below 15 percent.FWA set to reach 300 million connections by 2028
120、There will be more than 100 million FWA connections estimated by the end of 2022.This number is projected to triple by 2028,reaching over 300 million.This figure represents 17 percent of fixed broadband connections.Of these over 300 million connections,the number of 5G FWA connections is expected to
121、 grow to around 235 million by 2028,representing almost 80 percent of the total FWA connections.The forecast has been adjusted to include the high ambitions of 5G FWA in emerging markets,increasing the number of connections as well as the share of 5G FWA connections.Higher volumes of 5G FWA in large
122、 high-growth countries such as India have the potential to drive economies of scale for the overall 5G FWA ecosystem,resulting in affordable CPE that will have a positive impact across low-income markets.FWA data traffic projected to grow by almost five timesFWA data traffic represented 21 percent o
123、f global mobile network data traffic by the end of 2022,and is projected to grow more than 5 times to reach almost 130 EB in 2028.By 2028,5G will account for almost 80 percent of FWA connections.80%Today,25 percent of service providers apply differential pricing with speed-based tariff plans.25%Figu
124、re 11:FWA connections(millions)Definition of FWA FWA is a connection that provides primary broadband access through mobile network-enabled customer premises equipment(CPE).This includes various form factors of CPE,such as indoor(desktop and window)and outdoor(rooftop and wall-mounted).It does not in
125、clude portable battery-based Wi-Fi routers or dongles.Figure 12:Global mobile network data traffic(EB per month)500150100200350300250202020212022202320242025202620282027FWAMobile data20201000300200500400202120222023202420252026202820275G FWA connections4G and other technology FWA connections14Ericss
126、on Mobility Report|November 2022ForecastsMobile service packaging trendsOn a global scale,the types of service packages remain similar.However,a closer look reveals subtle differences in how offerings are packaged.In most cases the websites show these plans with a preselected 12,24 or even 36-month
127、contract,usually with a small discount vs.the monthly contract.In some cases,service providers have added annual price adjustments of 45 percent to the contract terms.Data buckets remain the default offerings for nearly all service providers.A common approach is to complement with“service-based conn
128、ectivity packs”or an unlimited option at the premium end.About 43 percent of all service providers surveyed offer unlimited data under their premium packages.There is also a little shifting back and forth in this area,where nine service providers have removed their unlimited offerings completely sin
129、ce the previous survey,four of which have 5G services.At the same time there are 17 who have started to offer unlimited most of these(11)are still on 4G.The net result is an increase of eight service providers with unlimited offerings.A November 2022 update of an Ericsson study of retail packages of
130、fered by 310 mobile service providers worldwide shows that,although the type of service packaging remains quite similar globally,there are subtle changes in the way offerings are packaged.In the past months,many service providers have made notable design changes on their websites.Most are cosmetic,f
131、or example changing fonts,color schemes and restructuring the layout,but there is also a lot of promotion activity,especially time-limited discounted offers.A more significant change,which is likely designed to create some stability for the service provider during these uncertain times,is a move tow
132、ard long-term contracts on SIM-only plans.This is common practice when plans include a device,but it is now being pushed by a large number of service providers in several regions on their SIM-only plans.Key insights In order to motivate consumers to move up through the tiers,24 percent of 5G service
133、 providers now use data speed together with volume-based and unlimited subscriptions.Service-based connectivity packs are offered by 58 percent of all surveyed service providers.Of the surveyed service providers,25 percent charge a price premium,compared to 4G offerings,with an average price premium
134、 of around 40 percent.350300250200150100500BucketsUnlimitedService-basedOff-peakDevice-basedFWAFamily and share plansTriple/quad play5G29830130430610310811912513113015216417017994939786747889981101361902132252372381201241401461517580829510612489142154174Figure 13:Number of service providers per type
135、 of offeringOct 2020Apr 2021Oct 2021Apr 2022Nov 202230615Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022ForecastsBoundary conditions,such as not allowing tethering or limiting the use of IoT devices,is still common with unlimited offerings,but a lower percentage of service providers now apply these:77 percen
136、t vs.90 percent previously.One reason for this change may be the introduction of speed tiers which have become more common.In a lot of cases,speed for the unlimited offerings is set at a(for 5G)very low level,from a few Mbps up to 10 or 20 Mbps in some cases.This moves a part of the boundary conditi
137、on to the actual offering and keeps the potential traffic levels somewhat in check.The total number of service providers offering any type of service-based connectivity is 179.The number of service providers targeting data-intense services like video streaming,gaming or music streaming,has decreased
138、 to 120.These packs are still mainly sold as add-ons often found under a separate“tab”on the web site.Integrating them into the“customer journey”as a part of the process of selecting a subscription is still a rare practice.The specific type of service-based connectivity pack that arrived during the
139、pandemic,often called“work and education packs”,remains as an offering.These packs typically offer discounted GB to use for a combination of video conferencing services,streaming,office software suites and web browsing.These types of packages have now become quite common,especially in markets with s
140、omewhat lower income levels,mostly in South East Asia and Eastern Europe.Extracting premium rates for 5GThe number of networks that offer 5G continues to increase and around 55 percent of the service providers surveyed have now launched 5G for smartphones.Of these,there are 25 percent who charge a p
141、remium for 5G,over their 4G service,with an average price premium of around 40 percent.Using speed tiers to segment offerings In our April 2022 updated study,it was found that 18 percent of 5G service providers used speed tiers for smartphones as a parameter for price differentiation.This pricing st
142、rategy is gaining momentum,and now 24 percent of those with a 5G offering use it to segment the market and motivate consumers to move up to higher-priced tiers.Around 74 percent of these service providers use speed tiers in combination with data buckets and 45 percent have a hybrid version(speed in
143、combination with both buckets and unlimited data tiers).Four service providers with only 4G offerings use this practice as well.As more and more service providers add speed tiers,the variation on the theme increases.The simplest form,where higher speed renders a higher price,is probably the most com
144、mon.In many other cases the consumer can choose similarly priced packages with a higher speed and limited data allowance,lower speed coupled with a higher amount of data,or completely unlimited traffic.The speeds are not always clearly advertised,especially in the markets where rather low speeds are
145、 being offered with certain packages.In those markets,the higher-speed packages are simply announced as“full 5G speed”.In Western Europe,where most examples of speed tiers exist,they are often clearly articulated and come in large steps,with hundred(s)of Mbps.Content aggregation and gaming attract c
146、onsumers to 5GIt is common to offer bundles with various popular entertainment services included,such as television and music streaming or cloud gaming platforms.Around 45 percent of 5G service providers are doing this in various forms.The most common practice is to increase the bundle value as the
147、price of the tiers increases.A new form of bundling is starting to emerge,where some service providers act as aggregators.In these cases,the service provider offers a menu from which the consumer can choose from a variety of streaming services,and sometimes events.Often this menu is available regard
148、less of which tier you are on,and the consumer has almost complete flexibility in terms of the number of services to add.The most proactive service providers are adding these offers as part of the customer journey and may also allow adding and removing them on a monthly basis.The main benefits to co
149、nsumers are that there is usually a small discount,compared to signing up directly with the cloud gaming provider for example,and the fact that all services are charged on one single bill.Figure 14:Service providers new role as content aggregatorBundle savings-10%CustomerContent provider subscriptio
150、ns16Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022ForecastsMid-band essential for an optimal 5G service offering Global 5G mid-band population coverage(outside China)has reached just over 10 percent,while mid-band coverage in Europe has reached 15 percent,but front-runner markets like the US have already re
151、ached 80 percent.Three 5G spectrum bands5G networks can be deployed in three radio spectrum bands,each with its own set of characteristics and benefits,as shown in Figure 15.Low-band for coverage and in-building penetration:5G low-band(frequency division duplex,or FDD,below 7 GHz)is the most deploye
152、d band.It provides a wide coverage area due to its lower frequency.However,it is limited in capacity.Mid-band for coverage and capacity:5G mid-band(time division duplex,or TDD,below 7 GHz)offers higher bandwidth and capacity than low-band.High-band(or mmWave)for targeted high-capacity areas and serv
153、ices:5G high-band or mmWave(above 24 GHz)delivers unprecedented peak rates and low latency but less coverage.5G deployment strategy linked to spectrum availabilityThere is a clear link between how service providers in different countries are deploying 5G with the spectrum availability.Three deployme
154、nt approaches can be seen:All three bands:Low-,mid-and high-band.Examples include the US,Japan and Australia.Low-and mid-band:Examples include include Switzerland,the UK and China.Mid-band only:Examples include South Korea,Saudi Arabia and Oman.The journey to 5G standalone multi-layer networkAs spec
155、trum becomes increasingly available,more service providers will evolve toward using all three bands,enabling 5G services with the flexibility to serve multiple use cases with different requirements by ensuring that devices are connected using the most appropriate band.5G mid-band coverage outside Ch
156、ina is set to reach over 10 percent by the end of 2022.10%Carrier aggregation to expand coverage and capacityFigure 15:The three 5G spectrum bandsBandwidthCoverageMid-bandLow-bandHigh-band17Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022ForecastsMid-bands importance is risingMid-band is a sweet spot for deli
157、vering the 5G experience,as it combines high capacity(with Massive multiple input,multiple output,or MIMO)with good coverage and is available in most markets.Combined with a low-band FDD 5G carrier it can provide full coverage and mobility.While it is estimated that 5G mid-band population coverage w
158、ill reach 25 percent worldwide by the end of 2022,outside China it is estimated to reach just over 10 percent.Mid-band coverage in Europe to reach 15 percent by the end of 2022Three years after the first 5G networks were launched in Europe,5G population coverage in EU+1 is estimated to be around 65
159、percent with some service providers announcing that they have reached 80 percent population coverage.This is possible using spectrum sharing with 5G non-standalone(NSA)and 4G on the same FDD band.Coverage with 3.5 GHz TDD mid-band has only reached around 15 percent.Countries such as Switzerland and
160、France with coverage obligations are leading deployment.Service providers in Germany are relying more on spectrum sharing,while the Netherlands is still awaiting TDD mid-band licensing.5G NSA offers use cases such as mobile broadband and Fixed Wireless Access,as well as a significant capacity increa
161、se.Evolving to 5G standalone(SA)brings additional service differentiation possibilities.Mid-band coverage in the US to reach around 80 percent by the end of 2022The US is one of a few countries that has significant 5G deployments across low-,mid-and high-band frequencies.Launched in April 2019,5G se
162、rvices were first available in high-and low-bands.Ten service providers have deployed 5G on low-band,covering over 95 percent of the US population.High-band 5G services are available in 90 cities.The Federal Communication Commission subsequently allocated mid-bands over the course of several auction
163、s during 20202022.Currently the three national service providers are rapidly deploying 5G mid-band networks nationwide.Around 80 percent mid-band population coverage is projected by the end of 2022.4G population coverage surpassed 85 percent globally at the end of 2021 and is projected to reach over
164、 95 percent in 2028.There are currently 815 4G networks deployed across the world 336 upgraded to LTE-Advanced,and 54 Gigabit enabled.2The build-out of 5G continues,with 228 networks launched across the world.5G population coverage is estimated to reach over 30 percent by the end of 2022,with covera
165、ge projected to increase to around 85 percent by 2028.1 EU+includes the EU countries plus Iceland,Norway,Switzerland and the UK.2 Ericsson and GSA(Nov 2022).3 The figures refer to coverage of each technology.The ability to utilize the technology is subject to factors such as access to devices and su
166、bscriptions.Figure 16:World population coverage by technology33GPP202295%95%85%202895%85%30%4G202220285G202220285G population coverage is projected to reach 85 percent by 2028.85%Globally,5G population coverage is set to reach over 30 percent by the end of 2022.30%18Ericsson Mobility Report|November
167、 2022Forecasts2023 will bring more 5G smart devices with more capabilitiesSASA/non-standalone(NSA)H2 20222023 H12023 H22024mmWaveArchitectureVoNRDLULTime-critical communicationsCarrier aggregationRedCapNR-DC(including mmWave)RedCapService-aware scheduling and link adaption,increased robustness,mobil
168、ity enhancements256QAM DLSA(mmWave only)FWAVoNR(selected markets)2CC FDD+TDD3CC FDD 3CC FDD+TDD3CC TDD&4CC FDD+TDD5CC FDD+TDD2CC FR1Figure 17:5G technology market readinessEven in these turbulent times,continued growth in the number of 5G device models and chipsets with an ever-expanding set of supp
169、orted features is expected in 2023.SA with the treat of network slicingThe network slicing market has been developing for some time,starting with enterprise and then consumer use cases.Support for service differentiation on smartphones is established in the Android ecosystem,and other operating syst
170、ems are expected to follow.Slicing in Fixed Wireless Access(FWA)is emerging based on network capabilities.Beyond network slicing,more networks with SA are being deployed along with compatible devices that have SA enabled for FDD and TDD.Chipsets have been ready for a while,and with enhanced carrier
171、aggregation capability there is a good performance baseline for SA networks.The awakening of XRThe number of XR-related press releases increases weekly.XR devices using a 5G adoption continues in a weak smartphone market Following a strong 2021,global smartphone shipments were down by around 10 perc
172、ent year-on-year in the first three quarters of 2022.1 Despite overall negative trends in the smartphone market,5G device shipments show resilience.Over 700 5G smartphone models have launched(with more than 200 in 2022).Focus on standalone(SA)enablement in smartphones continues,as more networks depl
173、oy 5G SA services and introduce NR-DC(dual connectivity)to enable FR2(high-band spectrum).The outlook on new use cases for extended reality(XR)remains positive,focusing on smartphones or other 5G modem devices,with glasses following in the intermediate term.1 Canalys,Global smartphone market fell 9%
174、as consumers trim spending(18 October 2022).companion device for cellular connectivity have used a cable so far,but are expected to lose their cables before long.AR use cases would benefit from the ubiquitous coverage and mobility that only a cellular connection can offer.RedCap evolving standards t
175、o productsAnother SA contender,this time focusing on IoT,is reduced capability(RedCap)chipsets and devices.The first RedCap-optimized silicon is expected in the market in 2023,with consumer products focused on wearables and IoT following in 2024.RedCap is initially expected to compete in the LTE Cat
176、 4 space,with potential for more cost optimization,power efficiency and complexity reduction,at the expense of performance.FWA the rising star of 5G The commercial success of FWA over 5G has been developing steadily.Connecting FWA with SA,potentially with a network slice,brings attractive new ingred
177、ients to the market.Increased competition in the chipset and device space is expected to contribute to continued growth.Devices in 2023The only safe prediction is that there will be more 5G device models.Growth will depend on several factors,including macroeconomic development and component availabi
178、lity.In 2023,5G devices are expected to evolve with more spectrum aggregation capabilities (4CC DL,2CC UL and NR-DC)plus improved power efficiency and low-latency capabilities.Note:The graph illustrates availability of network functionality,as well as support in devices.19Ericsson Mobility Report|No
179、vember 2022ForecastsAugmented reality over 5G There is undoubtedly a lot of anticipation in the mobile community around the uptake of AR services over cellular networks.At this early stage in the emergence of a market that is projected to become important for service providers,we explore how the eco
180、system is developing.XR encompasses a taxonomy of technologies,including VR and ARThe VR branch is comprised of a range of immersive techniques which share several attributes.These include closed headsets and cameras directed inward to capture and model their subjects.Due to its closed nature,VR nee
181、ds a confined area for its subjects to experience immersive services comfortably while using a closed head-mounted display.Other related technologies include 3D conferencing and volumetric video.AR is applicable both indoors and outdoors for a large range of services for consumer,enterprise and indu
182、strial use.AR requires an open display with a view of reality which can be augmented with relevant data,making outdoor applications Figure 18:AR over 5Gparticularly relevant,yet also reliant on sufficient mobile coverage,capacity and performance.The AR ecosystemTo meet market expectations,all parts
183、of the AR ecosystem including devices,apps,networks and edge compute need to evolve with new capabilities,increased performance and greater efficiencies.While the devices receive most of the attention,the availability of enough suitable spectrum and investments needed to build out the networks are a
184、lso significant.AR devicesThe development of head-mounted displays,in the form of glasses,is highly visible on the road to emerging AR applications and services.Behind the form factor lie questions as to how critical functions will be split and interoperability ensured between the headset,eventual t
185、ethering platform(smartphone),network edge and the cloud.This includes object detection and tracking,simultaneous localization and mapping(SLAM),and rendering of video streams combining reality and data augmentation.The technology required to create smart glasses for mass-market adoption has progres
186、sed considerably in the last few years.Several prototypes,as well as commercial solutions,have emerged.As of 2022,however,AR headsets have not yet gained mass-market success.The technology components of the devices must mature enough to allow for a practical and attractive consumer product.Useful ap
187、plications must also be developed and integrated over the ecosystem consisting of wearable devices/glasses,connectivity devices,and ultimately cloud-based compute resources.Additionally,high power consumption and low battery capacity are current challenges.Key insights AR represents a major branch o
188、f the XR taxonomy that will place significant demands on 5G mobile network dimensioning.As the AR ecosystem develops,traffic arising from AR usage could significantly exceed the current mobile traffic forecast.When AR reaches mass-market adoption,service providers will need to take a stepwise approa
189、ch to handle the traffic growth,including investments in Radio Access Networks(RAN),time-critical features and service-enabling platforms.Networks,edge,cloudDevicesSensors,cameras,modems,processors,displaysAppsConsumer,enterprise and industrial use cases20Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022Foreca
190、sts20Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022Forecastsmany areas,such as private networks,virtualized work,industrial automation,design,maintenance and public safety.There is considerable work behind the scenes on the network architecture necessary for handling the requirements for delivering the emer
191、ging applications.Each application will place quality-of-service(QoS)demands on end-to-end service delivery over the networks connecting devices.These demands include uplink and downlink throughput,round-trip latency and reliability.Networks will handle the demands by setting up QoS flows that segre
192、gate traffic into categories ranging from best-efforts to performance guarantees.Traffic from services requiring time-critical treatment will be segregated from eMBB traffic and assigned a different QoS flow.Ultimately,application developers will use tags provided by either device ecosystem players
193、through their operating systems or service providers.The traffic categories will then be mapped to 3GPP QoS flows to enable interoperability across networks.Service providers will be able to differentiate their subscription plans to map premium users traffic to packet treatment with low latency feat
194、ures while mapping standard users traffic to the default packet treatment.The technology is not yet mature enough to enable comfortable standalone devices.Key factors for mass-market adoption include device form factor and connectivity.Mobility requirements drive cellular connectivity,but this is li
195、mited by form factor and power,which necessitates a paired connectivity device,such as a smartphone.Smartphones will continue to be connectivity hubs for personal devices in the near term.The next wave of AR glasses will likely be more attractive,but will continue to rely on a connectivity device.Hi
196、gher chip density and lower power consumption will be essential for size and weight considerations in glasses,as well as heat dissipation.Improved coverage and latency in 5G networks will allow more compute offload,and AR devices will have further reduced power consumption and better battery capacit
197、y,thereby enabling improved form factors.In the meantime,offloading processing to tethered smartphones will continue.Application handlingConsumer categories with high potential for wide uptake in the intermediate term include gaming,entertainment,and retail.AR technology will also be used to improve
198、 enterprise and industrial operations in 5G network traffic Our forecast for traffic growth includes an assumption that an uptake of XR-type services will happen in the latter part of the forecast period.The current forecast(see page 22)includes estimates of moderate uptake in the forecast period.Th
199、is includes a limited effect on total traffic so far,with the most significant impact on uplink traffic ratio.To understand the forecast,it is important to be aware of the following factors:The forecast relies on a foundation of measurements in live networks worldwide.These measurements include indi
200、cations of traffic types,including but not limited to voice,messaging,streaming media,browsing,social media and e-commerce.The global traffic forecast depicts the total mobile traffic in EB as well as the average mobile data traffic per device in GB across all regions and users over the course of a
201、month.Actual traffic in a country,city or area and across urban,suburban and rural landscapes shows very large variations from the global averages.21Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022Forecasts21Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022ForecastsAs the AR ecosystem develops,traffic arising from AR us
202、age could significantly impact the current forecast.The amount of traffic that will be generated over mobile networks,in addition to mobile broadband and fixed wireless traffic,will depend not only on the uptake and utilization rates of the applications,but also where the critical functions mentione
203、d in the“AR devices”section take place.In the next wave,it is expected that compute functions including rendering of the composite video will take place either on a tethered smartphone or the AR headset.As the augmentation objects become larger and rendering becomes more demanding,the work will incr
204、easingly need to be offloaded to network edge and cloud compute resources.This is expected to put growing demands on networks especially uplink throughput and latency.The ability to meet those resource demands depends on spectrum employed,as well as network dimensioning.As more demanding use cases s
205、tart to gain significant uptake and increasing amounts of compute function is offloaded to the network edge and cloud,service providers will need to respond by deploying features and solutions to handle time-critical communications.22Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022Forecasts5G to drive all mob
206、ile data growthIn 2028,all growth in mobile data traffic will come from 5G,as 4G traffic is set to decline.Total global mobile data traffic excluding traffic generated by Fixed Wireless Access(FWA)is expected to reach around 90 EB per month by the end of 2022 and is projected to grow by a factor of
207、nearly 4 to reach 325 EB per month in 2028.Including FWA,this takes total mobile network traffic to around 115 EB per month by the end of 2022,and to 453 EB per month by the end of 2028.The predicted traffic growth up to 2028 includes an assumption that an initial uptake of XR-type services,includin
208、g AR,VR and mixed reality(MR),will happen in the latter part of the forecast period.However,if adoption is stronger than expected,data traffic could increase significantly more than currently Traffic growth varying across regions Traffic growth can be highly volatile between years and can vary signi
209、ficantly between countries,depending on local market dynamics.Globally,the growth in mobile data traffic per smartphone can be attributed to three main drivers:improved device capabilities,an increase in data-intensive content and growth in data consumption due to continued improvements in the perfo
210、rmance of deployed networks.These differences are reflected,for example,in the difference between the Sub-Saharan Africa region,where the average monthly mobile data usage per smartphone is estimated to be 4.6 GB,and the Gulf Cooperation Council(GCC)countries which will have 25 GB per smartphone by
211、the end of 2022.The global monthly average usage per smartphone is anticipated to be 19 GB in 2023 and is forecast to reach 46 GB by the end of 2028.New services expected to drive data growth in North AmericaIn North America,the average monthly mobile data usage per smartphone is expected to reach 5
212、5 GB in 2028.The unlimited data plans and improved 5G network coverage and capacity increasingly attract new 5G subscribers.The data traffic generated per minute of use will increase significantly in line with the expected uptake of gaming,XR,and video-based apps.These experiences require higher vid
213、eo resolutions,increased uplink traffic,and more data from devices off-loaded to cloud computing resources to satisfy users.In 2028,we predict that 5G subscription penetration in North America will be the highest of all regions,exceeding 90 percent.anticipated toward the end of the forecast period,p
214、articularly in the uplink see page 19 for more information.Currently,video traffic is estimated to account for around 70 percent of all mobile data traffic,a share that is forecast to increase to 80 percent in 2028.Populous markets that launch 5G early are likely to lead in terms of traffic growth o
215、ver the forecast period.5Gs share of mobile data traffic is expected to be around 17 percent by the end of 2022,an increase from 10 percent at the end of 2021.This share is forecast to grow to 69 percent in 2028.By then all growth in mobile data traffic will come from 5G.Figure 19:Global mobile netw
216、ork data traffic(EB per month)500FWA(3G/4G/5G)Mobile data(5G)201720202024201820222026202120252019202320282027Mobile data(2G/3G/4G)20030035045010040015025050023Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022ForecastsIn Western Europe,service usage and traffic growth are expected to follow a similar pattern to
217、 that anticipated for North America.Although the more fragmented market situation has led to later mass-market adoption of 5G,by 2028,traffic usage per smartphone is projected to reach 52 GB per month close to the usage in North America at that time.The North East Asia regions share of total global
218、mobile data traffic is expected to be around 30 percent in 2028.In the region,5G subscribers currently use,on average,23 times more data than 4G subscribers.As more 4G subscribers migrate to 5G,average mobile data traffic per smartphone will increase and reach 55 GB per month in 2028.Video is the do
219、minant traffic type.For example,in South Korea,video traffic share increased from 55 percent in 2019 to 60 percent in 2022,and traffic volume increased by 2.75 times.Service providers expect additional traffic growth with the introduction of new video services,for example high-definition video and X
220、R services.In the Middle East and North Africa region,data traffic growth will continue as more subscribers are transitioned to 4G,and 5G coverage expands in the period leading to 2028 with average data traffic per smartphone rising by 24 percent annually.In the GCC countries,despite modest growth i
221、n subscriber and smartphone connections,monthly data traffic per smartphone will almost double to around 53 GB between 2022 and 2028.Emergent use cases for 5G will also yield traffic growth from industries as service providers explore various monetization avenues.Data traffic growth in Sub-Saharan A
222、frica will be driven by a combination of a higher number of connections,greater coverage by mobile broadband-capable networks,device affordability and attractive service offerings.Service providers in many parts of the continent are in the process of migrating customers from legacy 2G/3G networks to
223、 4G networks,which will result in average monthly data traffic per smartphone expected to be 18 GB by 2028.Despite it only constituting a small share of the total subscriber base,5G subscriptions reaching 150 million in 2028 will contribute to data traffic growth in Sub-Saharan Africa.In India,Nepal
224、 and Bhutan,mobile networks continue to play a pivotal role in driving social and economic inclusion.5G will play a crucial role in achieving Indias digital inclusion goals especially for bringing broadband to rural and remote homes.In fact,enhanced mobile broadband is serving as the foundation for
225、the Governments“Digital India”vision by enabling people to access public services.The average data traffic per smartphone in the India region together with GCC is the highest globally.It is projected to grow from 25 GB per month in 2022 to around 54 GB per month in 2028 a CAGR of 14 percent.Total mo
226、bile data traffic in the India region is estimated to grow from 18 EB per month in 2022 to 53 EB per month in 2028,growing at a CAGR of 19 percent.This is driven by high growth in the number of smartphone users and the increase in average usage per smartphone.The smartphone subscriptions in India as
227、 a percentage of total mobile subscriptions are expected to grow from 77 percent in 2022 to 94 percent in 2028.Mobile data traffic per smartphone continues to grow strongly in South East Asia and Oceania and is expected to reach around 54 GB per month in 2028 a CAGR of 28 percent making it the regio
228、n with the highest growth.Latin America is expected to follow a similar trend to South East Asia and Oceania over the forecast period,while individual countries show very different growth rates for data traffic per smartphone.Traffic growth is driven by coverage build-out and continued strong adopti
229、on of 4G(and eventually 5G),linked to a rise in smartphone subscriptions and an increase in average data usage per smartphone.The average data traffic per smartphone is expected to reach 41 GB per month in 2028.In Central and Eastern Europe,growth is fueled by the migration of 2G and 3G subscribers
230、to 4G,up to 2024,which is when 5G is expected to overtake previous generations as the technology contributing the most subscriptions.Over the forecast period,monthly average data traffic per smartphone is expected to increase from 13 GB to around 35 GB per month.It is important to bear in mind that
231、there are significant variations in monthly data consumption within all regions,with some individual countries and service providers having considerably higher monthly consumption than any regional averages.1 All Middle East and North Africa figures include GCC countries.Middle East and North Africa
232、1113824%255414%India,Nepal,Bhutan255311%GCC154621%Global average133518%Central and Eastern Europe5405550453530252015102022Regions2028CAGR202220280201720182019202020212022202820272023202620252024North America17.45521%195218%Western Europe175521%North East AsiaLatin America10.54125%12.55428%South East
233、 Asia and OceaniaSub-Saharan Africa4.61826%Figure 20:Mobile data traffic per smartphone(GB per month)24Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022ForecastsQ3Mobile network traffic doubled in last two yearsThe quarter-on-quarter mobile network data traffic growth between Q2 2022 and Q3 2022 was around 7 p
234、ercent.Total monthly global mobile network data traffic reached around 108 EB.In absolute numbers,this means that mobile network traffic has almost doubled in just 2 years,from 55 EB per month in Q3 2020.Over the long term,traffic1 growth is driven by both the rising number of smartphone subscriptio
235、ns and an increasing average data volume per subscription,fueled primarily by increased viewing of video content more detailed analysis of traffic types can be found on page 25.Figure 21 shows the net addition and total global monthly network data traffic from Q3 2015 to Q3 2022,along with the year-
236、on-year percentage growth for mobile network data traffic.Mobile network data traffic grew 38 percent between Q3 2021 and Q3 2022.1 Traffic does not include DVB-H,Wi-Fi or Mobile WiMAX.VoIP is included.Source:Ericsson traffic measurements(Q3 2022).Note:Mobile network data traffic also includes traff
237、ic generated by Fixed Wireless Access(FWA)services.Figure 21:Global mobile network data traffic and year-on-year growth(EB per month)20152016201720182019202020212022Q1Q1Q1Q1Q1Q1Q1Q2Q2Q2Q2Q2Q2Q2Q3Q3Q3Q3Q3Q3Q3Q4Q4Q4Q4Q4Q4Q4Total(uplink+downlink)traffic(EB per month)Year-on-year growthDataYear-on-year
238、growth(percent)02040608010012010012080604020025Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022ForecastsVideo content rulesVideo constitutes around 70 percent of all global mobile network traffic in 2022.Traffic measurements in a sample of networks show how video streaming from popular social media platforms
239、makes up the largest part of video traffic.Users are spending more time streaming and sharing videos.The largest and fastest-growing mobile data traffic segment globally is video,in social media and video-on-demand services,with around a 70 percent share of traffic in 2022.This is expected to increa
240、se by around 30 percent annually until the end of 2028,when it is forecast to account for 80 percent of global mobile data traffic.Social networking1 is the second-largest traffic type at around 9 percent in 2022.The uptake of XR devices and applications has the potential to significantly alter the
241、relative volumes of different types of mobile traffic.Social media video dominatesVideo traffic growth is primarily driven by service uptake from a small number of global streaming providers.YouTube dominated in the early years of 4G,accounting for 4060 percent of the Figure 23 shows the share of vi
242、deo traffic per service provider based on measurements in a few selected commercial 4G and 5G networks in Europe,Asia and the Americas.It shows that video streaming from the top 4 social media platforms makes up the largest part of video traffic in those networks with 4095 percent.Global streaming v
243、ideo-on-demand traffic is in the 1030 percent range.total video traffic volume in many mobile networks.It was the most popular video service in the UK,US and Japan among smartphone users.At the time,subscription-based video services were becoming increasingly popular with smartphone users,facilitate
244、d by better network speeds,and improving device capabilities.Today,social media users across the world frequently share videos,send messages and post links.1 Traffic from embedded video in the”Social networking”and”Web browsing”categories is included in the application category,“Video”.2”Other”inclu
245、des uncategorized traffic and traffic from services that have too small a share to be significant compared to the categorized segments in this figure.3”Other”includes video traffic that was not possible to identify as a specific service or has too small a share to be significant compared to the spec
246、ified services.Figure 22:Mobile data traffic by application category per monthFigure 23:Streaming video service providers share of total video traffic in networks2022:90 EB per month2028:324 EB per month YouTubeTikTokFacebookInstagramSocial media platform generated video0%EU operator 2EU operator 3E
247、U operator 4North America operatorLatin America operatorAsia operatorEU operator 1100%80%60%40%20%HBO MaxNetflixDisney+ViaplayGlobal streaming video-on-demandLocal streaming servicesOperator TVOther3VideoSocial networkingSoftware downloads and updatesWeb browsingAudioFile sharing Other271%Video80%Vi
248、deo26Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022Forecasts026Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022ArticlesArticlesMany service providers are now asking how to use advanced network technology to build networks that can not only carry more data,but can do so in a sustainable and responsible way that benefi
249、ts society.Our articles explore how,through utilizing the technology or the direct efforts of service providers,the industry can cut emissions in order to play a role in reaching global sustainability goals,enable energy-saving technologies and systems,or even contribute toward creating an advanced,
250、interconnected public safety ecosystem.First responders have traditionally relied on voice,but mobile solutions unlock advanced capabilities.Heres how Erillisverkot Group and partners are collaborating to create Virve 2,the next-generation public safety network thats helping to build a safer Finland
251、.Reaching Net Zero is vital for halting climate change.Dematerialization through digitalization is key for reaching this goal,and decision-makers within enterprises are already recognizing the benefits not only for sustainability,but also for profitability and productivity.The telecoms sector has a
252、vital role to play in reaching Net Zero.This article explores how e&is contributing to breaking the energy curve by modernizing its network,and how initial site deployments have already proved that huge energy savings are possible.27Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022ArticlesNetwork modernization
253、 on the quest for Net Zeroe&(formerly known as Etisalat Group)considers innovative mobile networks and ICT solutions to be crucial in supporting both direct and indirect reduction of carbon emissions across its own and other industrial sectors value chains.a more sustainable economy,by providing end
254、-to-end digital vertical propositions to enable smarter developments in areas such as education,healthcare and transportation.Environmental management committing to Net Zero operations by 2030 e&has pledged its commitment to achieving Net Zero within its Groups own operations in the UAE for Scope 1
255、and 2 emissions by 2030,focusing on key initiatives to reduce its carbon footprint through improving energy efficiency and sourcing renewable energy,among other initiatives.2 Hatem Dowidar,Group CEO at e&,says:“To reach Net Zero,e&is committed to accelerating the decarbonization of activities while
256、focusing on mobile network modernization with the deployment of the latest generation of energy-efficient radio equipment(both hardware and software),increased use of renewable energy sources and carbon-offsetting initiatives that are vital to achieve targets.”e&has a sustainability framework,suppor
257、ted by a set of improvement programs and KPIs,to guide its operating companies business strategies and operations across the Middle East,Africa and Asia.The framework encompasses a range of initiatives to contribute to the UAE climate action ambitions and United Nations Sustainable Development Goals
258、(UN SDGs).One of the five pillars of e&s sustainability framework is environmental management,which aims to develop more sustainable products and enhance its operations for improved environmental efficiencies through energy,water and waste management.Mobile network modernization with deployment of m
259、ore energy-efficient equipment and increased use of renewable energy sources is vital to achieve targets.e&is addressing this by:deploying the latest generation of energy-efficient radio equipment(hardware,software)minimizing use of diesel generators in favor of renewable energy sources for off-grid
260、 cell sites maximizing use of hybrid technology for off-grid sites where diesel is already in use maximizing the number of sites with free cooling to reduce energy consumption replacing older rectifiers with new,highly efficient rectifiers utilizing site sleep mode during low-traffic periodsA fast-g
261、rowing number of service providers and equipment vendors are committing to achieve Net Zero carbon emissions across their value chain by 2050.In October 2021,the UAE proclaimed its”Net Zero by 2050”initiative,in line with the 2016 Paris Agreement targeting Net Zero1 greenhouse gas(GHG)emissions in t
262、he country by 2050.As part of the initiative,the telecommunications sector is playing an important role by contributing a sustainable infrastructure build-out and enabling new smart services for consumers,enterprises and industries that will contribute to the reduction of GHG emissions.e&is committe
263、d to accelerating digital innovation in the marketplace toward 1 ITU standard defines Net Zero as a future state where all emissions that can be reduced are reduced,with like-for-like or permanent removals applied by carbon-removal technologies to balance the remaining emissions.2 Scope 1 refers to
264、GHG emissions that occur from sources that are controlled or owned by an organization.Scope 2 emissions are indirect GHG emissions associated with the purchase of electricity,steam,heat or cooling.Key insights The telecommunications sector has a key role to play in addressing global sustainability g
265、oals,both by reducing its own emissions and through its potential to reduce carbon emissions across other industries.To break the trend of increasing energy usage in mobile networks,growing data traffic needs to be managed with smart modernization combined with a balanced approach to network perform
266、ance and use of energy-saving functionality.Through initial site deployments,etisalat by e&has already proved its possible to reduce energy usage by up to 52 percent and save 7.6 tons of CO2 emissions per site,per year.e&(formerly known as Etisalat Group)is one of the worlds leading technology and i
267、nvestment conglomerates.Founded in Abu Dhabi more than four decades ago as the UAEs first telecommunications company,the Group now operates in 16 countries across the Middle East,Asia and Africa.e&provides innovative digital solutions,smart connectivity and next-generation technologies to a variety
268、of customer segments through its business pillars:etisalat by e&,e&international,e&life,e&enterprise and e&capital.28Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022Energy-efficient mobile networksMobile data traffic in the Gulf Cooperation Council region is currently growing at an average of around 20 percen
269、t per year,3 driven primarily by the rising number of connected people and an increasing use of data-intense services,such as media consumption.The uptake of new services as the digital society develops will further drive growth in data consumption in the coming years.e&considers 5G to be a cornerst
270、one for building a digital economy,where new innovative services for consumers,enterprises and industries can be a catalyst for a sustainable development of society by optimizing the utilization of time and materials.In this context,network modernization is needed to manage expected growth and minim
271、ize increasing energy consumption.For each new generation of mobile technology,from 2G through to 5G,the energy needed to transfer each bit of data through the network has lessened.For example,replacing 2G/3G with 4G is significantly increasing the capacity for the same spectrum.It also enables the
272、use of more efficient energy-saving functionalities,offered by the 4G standard.5G technologies are designed for high capacity and low network energy consumption,including significantly improved support for energy savings during low-to-medium traffic periods.Minimizing the mobile network environmenta
273、l footprintetisalat by e&has devised an environmental management policy focusing on reducing energy consumption.Minimizing the environmental footprint of its mobile network is part of this policy,which is being addressed through the deployment of a state-of-the-art modern network resulting in high e
274、nergy efficiency.etisalat by e&is deploying the latest generation of radio base stations and new software features to minimize environmental footprint while elevating network performance quality.A range of improvements have been realized through modernizing an existing site that had 2G,3G and 4G rad
275、ios installed,with a new-generation,multi-standard,multi-sector,and multi-band radio that supports 2G-to-5G mobile standards.Under the same network coverage and performance requirements,the modernized site shows lower operational cost and reduced equipment footprint,while being ready for 5G.Initial
276、deployment resulted in up to 52 percent energy consumption reduction compared to previously deployed radios at the pilot site.The reduction in energy consumption is equivalent to 7.6 tons of CO2 emissions per site,per year for the high-tier sites configured with 4 LTE carriers.Recycling decommission
277、ed,end-of-life electrical equipment is also considered an important measure to reduce the potential environmental impact from electronic waste when modernizing the network.e&will continue to work on reducing CO2 emissions across its operations,as part of its commitments to contribute to a greener IC
278、T sector and its climate change mitigation efforts.Modernized site equipment has already led to a 52-percent energy consumption reduction compared to previously deployed radios.52%3 Source:Ericsson Mobility Visualizer.Digital transformation and innovationAccountable business practice Economic perfor
279、mance Corporate governance Anti-corruption and non-discrimination Business continuity and enterprise risk management Sustainable procurement practices Customer privacy and data security Customer satisfaction Responsible marketing communications Digital innovation Nationalization Talent attraction,re
280、tention and development Diversity and equal opportunity Carbon emissions Environmental and energy management Water and waste management Digital access and inclusion Health and safety Social impact and CSREmpowering peopleEnvironmental managementConnecting communitiesFigure 24:e&sustainability framew
281、orkInitial deployments have proved savings of up to 7.6 tons of CO2 emissions reduction per site,per year.7.6 tonsArticles29Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022Forecasts29Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022ArticlesBalancing performance with efficiencyThe increase in mobile networks energy consu
282、mption is closely correlated with building out geographical coverage for new radio technologies.Data traffic is not evenly distributed across a mobile network.Typically,5070 percent of radio base station sites carry 25 percent of the total traffic.These low-load sites are often over-dimensioned,that
283、 is,operating at sub-optimal capacity utilization levels with unnecessary high energy consumption.Precise dimensioning with the right radio site hardware for each traffic segment can reduce energy consumption while maintaining network performance.Latest-generation radio base stations can have up to
284、50 percent lower energy consumption compared to the previous generation.Modernizing the network in this way leads to a smaller footprint and less weight while providing higher capacity and better performance,which all contribute to improved energy efficiency for transferring data traffic across the
285、network.Modernization in low traffic areas can yield a short payback period even when only considering the energy savings.Reducing energy consumption with maintained network performanceFor service providers,energy is typically the third-largest network-related operating expense.A range of software f
286、eatures,such as transmitter micro sleep(switching off radio transmitters when no transmission is required),deep sleep(hibernating radios during low-traffic hours)and low-energy schedulers can enable huge energy savings without degrading network performance.These energy-reducing software solutions ma
287、ke use of load variations and allow the power consumption of modern radio equipment to vary up to 97 percent between full-traffic and no-traffic hours.Finding the right balance of network performance and energy performance/efficiency as data traffic grows and new services are introduced helps servic
288、e providers to break the energy curve.This requires a combination of replacing old equipment with the latest technology and hardware,activating energy-saving software and operating site infrastructure intelligently,for example by implementing predictive maintenance methods on site.Figure 26:Optimizi
289、ng power consumption across different traffic loadsFull traffic100%power consumptionTypical traffic3040%power consumption Micro sleep Tx Deep sleep Traffic-aware network services operationsZero-traffic hours 310%power consumptionFigure 25:Typical mobile network traffic distributionSites75%of total t
290、raffic25%of total traffic7%30%100%Mobile broadband traffic loadUp to 97%less power consumption at low trafficSome unused spectrum(e.g.34 frequency bands)Few bands deployed to support area coverage (e.g.13 frequency bands)All available spectrum used(e.g.57 frequency bands)30Ericsson Mobility Report|N
291、ovember 2022Cooperation and collaboration:Building Finlands next-generation public safety networkThe need for reliable mobile broadband In any emergency situation,instant,reliable and stable communication is key to enable and support successful emergency operations.First responders like firefighters
292、,emergency medical service personnel or police officers need to be able to rely on fast,secure connectivity to save lives.Erillisverkot Group is a non-profit company owned by the state of Finland.It was founded in 1999 to operate and,at a later stage,to own the TETRA-based nationwide public safety m
293、obile service,Virve.The largest user groups on Virve are the fire and rescue services,social and healthcare services,police,defence forces,Border Guard,customs,railway operators,the Emergency Response Centre Agency and other authorities and companies.Voice,especially group calling,is still very impo
294、rtant,but public safety agencies are increasingly turning to mobile solutions due to the capabilities provided by 4G and 5G,such as the secure and speedy sharing of data,images and video.Virve is unable to offer these data services on a similar level as voice,leading end-user organizations to utiliz
295、e commercial mobile broadband networks in operational situations.Commercial networks in Finland do offer high-quality mobile broadband services,but do not meet the demands of public safety when it comes to priority,coverage and resilience.Virve 2:Building a safer FinlandTo deliver the required data
296、services in addition to and with the same coverage and resilience as voice,Erillisverkot Group,with selected partners,is building a next-generation PPDR network initiative.This is called Virve 2,and it is one of the most significant Finnish government ICT projects of this decade.It will safeguard th
297、e daily operational continuity of critical national infrastructure,and therefore ensure that the public safety authorities can operate smoothly in all situations now and in the future.The program expects all current Virve services to be completely migrated to Virve 2 during the second half of this d
298、ecade,with the existing services running in parallel until the migration is complete.Virve 2 will be based on 4G/5G technology,and is expected to provide improved cost efficiencies and more flexibility and agility in service delivery,as no longer will one size fit all requirements.For example,multip
299、le subscription types will need to be supported including data only,voice and data,and IoT connections.The range of devices will also increase and continually evolve with service offerings from standard smartphones to fully ruggedized devices and in-vehicle devices.The network will be introduced in
300、phases during the transition,from initial data-only services,to the migration of voice services for prioritized group calls and push-to-talk,then finally to serve as a platform for future innovations.That“one size does not fit all”is illustrated by the police forces mobile offices that enable them t
301、o administer nearly all tasks at the roadside to avoid visits to the police station.To deliver the mobile office,they are currently utilizing the TETRA network for mission-critical voice and narrow-band data,supporting 2 million group calls and 70 million short data service messages per week,and an
302、additional commercial mobile network for non-critical voice and data for in-vehicle computers and printers.Different subscriptions and devices are required from Virve 2 compared to the current situation,where one radio model is often the solution for every need.To protect society,critical situations
303、 demand cooperation,efficient organization and highly reliable communications between authorities.A resilient mission-critical network enables Erillisverkot Group to manage and control its broadband network,safeguard information security and protect data integrity.Key insights First responders rely
304、on voice,but this is evolving as mobile solutions over 4G and 5G enable additional capabilities such as video or data sharing,AR and drones for situational awareness.To deliver the same coverage and resilience as voice,Erillisverkot Group collaborated with partners to create Virve 2,a next-generatio
305、n Public Protection and Disaster Relief(PPDR)network initiative.Finland encourages cross-party cooperation between emergency services and other authorities and connectivity through Virve 2 is a key enabler for data sharing,transparency and accessing common systems.This article was written in coopera
306、tion with Erillisverkot Group,a Finnish state-owned special-purpose company that provides services for organizations responsible for the safety and functioning of society in the fields of communications,mission control and securing critical infrastructure.Articles31Ericsson Mobility Report|November
307、2022ArticlesBuilding on 3GPP technologies To meet those demands,public safety agencies are increasingly turning to mobile 3GPP-based solutions due to the capabilities provided by 4G and 5G along with many different applications for effective sharing and cooperation,such as the secure and speedy shar
308、ing of data,images and video.Erillisverkot Group is leading the way by evolving their PPDR network,Virve 2,which will be based on commercial mobile 3GPP technology with enhancements to meet security,availability and resilience requirements.Globally,3GPP technologies used to build commercial 4G and 5
309、G networks today bring many advantages for public safety network operators.This includes the ability to take advantage of open competition in the supply chain,reusing commercial investments and leveraging the global economies of scale that will drive cost efficiencies,compared to bespoke solutions.S
310、eamless integration with the established ecosystem built around 3GPP technologies brings tangible benefits,such as being able to access new and improving network capabilities like higher data rates and lower latency,built-in security and the vast range of devices within the ecosystem.The PPDR will p
311、lace additional demands on the ecosystem,driving continuous growth to address specific needs,like ruggedized devices for operation in extreme climate conditions,like the sub-zero temperatures in Finland,and terminals with specific form and function for ease of operation in the field for applications
312、 like push-to-talk.Reliable mobile broadband networks with sufficient geographical coverage are a prerequisite for effective cooperation when dealing with larger incidents.Building out the new data services on commercially deployed networks will bring advantages including faster service deployment a
313、nd environmental benefits,as well as cost efficiencies.Today,Finland already has strong data networks that can be used to commence services much faster than building a new network,allowing resources to focus on the additional requirements for network hardening and build-out to meet coverage needs.Th
314、ere are both cost efficiencies and environmental benefits with a full migration through the removal of the legacy network,and better utilization of existing infrastructure compared to a new overlay network.safety activities,for example by limiting the use of location information.The use of location
315、information of patrols plays a key role in assigning available resources and patrols to a specific task.Another simple update to the law was changing the size of paper a police ticket could be issued on,enabling even motor cyclist enforcement officers to have all the resources with them to handle th
316、e full task at the site and avoid a visit to the local police office.However,it is always important when legislation is updated to ensure privacy protection and ethics are fully considered.Trust between organizations A good level of trust between individuals and organizations is a prerequisite so th
317、at different organizations can cooperate effectively to achieve efficiency in operations.If public safety organizations are created in a simple way with a clear purpose,this helps build trust and avoid any unnecessary competition between organizations.In Northern Europe,the level of trust in societi
318、es has traditionally been high,making it easy to build good cooperation between public safety authorities and individuals.Importance of modernization across the ecosystem Mission-critical broadband technologies play a key role in efficient public safety communications.But to fully realize the succes
319、sful deployment and adoption of services,the whole ecosystem that these networks are designed to support must also evolve and align.Operations will become more efficient as the laws within which networks operate,trust between organizations,common ICT systems and transparent cooperation within the na
320、tional ecosystem develop.Legal frameworkFinland is geographically large,but has a population of just 5.6 million people.Laws play a key role in enabling efficient operations and cooperation between parties,such as by enabling the police,Border Guard and customs to do each others work.For example,the
321、 Border Guards coastguard can carry out water transport traffic control in the Baltic Sea.In the same way,customs officers can carry out similar monitoring of drivers,vehicles and snow mobiles in sparsely populated areas like Lapland.Laws must also not limit effective public 32Ericsson Mobility Repo
322、rt|November 2022ForecastsEricsson Mobility Report|November 202232ArticlesCommon ICT systems If several organizations(police,Border Guard and customs)do the same work,the best results are achieved if management and communication systems are common or deeply integrated and information is shared across
323、 organizations.In Finland,the police follow this model,operating as a single organization with common leadership and communication protocols throughout the entire country.With this model,lending resources to the other areas of the country is easier.The latest 4G and 5G networks and integrated IT sys
324、tems combined with automated processes are enabling this efficient and effective cooperation across organizations.potential of the technology can be realized.The network has a priority in providing data services and migrating existing services to Virve 2,ensuring instant,reliable,and stable communic
325、ation that safeguards information security and protects data integrity.However,once these capabilities are supported by advanced network features like higher data speeds,lower latency and positioning accuracy,it will open up new opportunities like AR in fire fighters helmets or drones building a cle
326、ar picture of emergency situations in sparsely populated areas.Virve 2 will provide an innovation platform,addressing new and unknown use-cases;this is just the beginning of the journey.Transparent cooperationBetter,closer and more effective cooperation is achievable if the points mentioned above su
327、pport the work.The best cooperation results are also achievable if it is possible to work and solve tasks right away,on the road,without visits to offices or stations.A platform for innovationA key learning from the journey so far with Erillisverkot Group is that to be able to successfully deploy ne
328、w solutions and service offerings,consideration for the full ecosystem of the environment within which it operates must be fully aligned.It is only when all the component parts are aligned that the full 33Ericsson Mobility Report|November 2022ArticlesDigitalization enables enterprises to reach Net Z
329、eroEnterprise decision-makers view ICT as a facilitator of their journey toward Net Zero through dematerialization,mobile workplaces,and efficient,renewable and resilient energy supplies.to the evolving needs of customers will be the norm by 2030.(Here,“decision-makers”refers to upper-level managers
330、,including C-level,that have substantial influence or final say on companies strategies.)Of the decision-makers surveyed,68 percent agree that the willingness to transform will be of the utmost importance for the success of companies by 2030.In the report,“dematerialization front-runner enterprises”
331、have been defined as the top one-third of all surveyed enterprises that have reported the most progress in their dematerialization efforts.As shown in Figure 28,these are more agile and streamlined,more environmentally sustainable but also financially stronger.They also use cloud services to a highe
332、r degree and see the need for more remote work in the future.Therefore,in the future,greater numbers of dematerialized enterprises leveraging cloud,AI and mobile technologies are expected to become more adaptable.Approximately 6 in 10 decision-makers agree the key contributors to dematerialization a
333、t their respective enterprises are cloud infrastructure,selling software and services rather than physical products and using online training courses and documents.Nearly half of decision-makers agree that improved productivity and profitability are key benefits of dematerialization and around 40 percent say the same for environmental sustainability.This should be seen as a winwin situation that b
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